Flow velocity generally influences the erosion, transport and deposition of sediments. Flow velocity and in relation to particle size distribution in the Commodore channel was investigated with the Acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP), echosounder and veen van grab. Those equipment were deployed through a low draft survey boat to acquire acoustic and sediment data covering the study area. The ADCP measured the current velocity along fourteen established transect lines while twenty surface sediments samples were collected along the banks and center of the channel respectively. Sediment samples were analyzed for grain size distributions and mineralogicaly composition while the acoustics data were analyzed with Matlab software to produce velocity profiles for the channel area. The study aimed to determine the magnitude and direction of flow of water along the channel with a view to ascertain the sediment transport process. Results indicated no significant difference in flow velocities along the different channel points. The flow velocity was however slightly higher around the channel mouth than in mid and upper reaches of the channel. The flow velocities showed negative correlation of (– 0.54 and – 0.28) with the sediment characteristics indicating that the sediment particle size distributions is unrelated to the flow velocity. This anomaly in the equilibrium flow velocity suggest the impact of dredging and the continuous ebbing and flooding of tidal water which resulted to reworking of the sediment particle sizes prior to deposition. The sediment distributions were fine sand, moderately sorted, fine skewed with leptokurtic peaked. Significant fractions of the sediments were deposited in fluvial and shallow marine environments while a few were deposited in the beach and turbidity environment. Sediments and acoustic data interpreted from the study suggest that sediment supply to the area was by fluvial processes through the barrier lagoon drainage basin.
{"title":"Flow velocity and implication on particle size of bottom sediment in the commodore channel lagos, southwestern nigeria","authors":"R. A, M. A. S","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Flow velocity generally influences the erosion, transport and deposition of sediments. Flow velocity and in relation to particle size distribution in the Commodore channel was investigated with the Acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP), echosounder and veen van grab. Those equipment were deployed through a low draft survey boat to acquire acoustic and sediment data covering the study area. The ADCP measured the current velocity along fourteen established transect lines while twenty surface sediments samples were collected along the banks and center of the channel respectively. Sediment samples were analyzed for grain size distributions and mineralogicaly composition while the acoustics data were analyzed with Matlab software to produce velocity profiles for the channel area. The study aimed to determine the magnitude and direction of flow of water along the channel with a view to ascertain the sediment transport process. Results indicated no significant difference in flow velocities along the different channel points. The flow velocity was however slightly higher around the channel mouth than in mid and upper reaches of the channel. The flow velocities showed negative correlation of (– 0.54 and – 0.28) with the sediment characteristics indicating that the sediment particle size distributions is unrelated to the flow velocity. This anomaly in the equilibrium flow velocity suggest the impact of dredging and the continuous ebbing and flooding of tidal water which resulted to reworking of the sediment particle sizes prior to deposition. The sediment distributions were fine sand, moderately sorted, fine skewed with leptokurtic peaked. Significant fractions of the sediments were deposited in fluvial and shallow marine environments while a few were deposited in the beach and turbidity environment. Sediments and acoustic data interpreted from the study suggest that sediment supply to the area was by fluvial processes through the barrier lagoon drainage basin.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84552068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aimed at modelling the volatility of monthly average official exchange rate (Naira/USD) using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) for the period January, 1981 to December, 2021. The data for the study was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria 2021 Statistical Bulletin. The time plot, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip’s Perron (PP) were used to check for the Stationarity of the Series. It was discovered that the series is not stationary, thus the need for differencing to make it stationary. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the ARIMA (0, 2,2) and GARCH (1,1) with Student’s t-distribution are the optimal models for modeling monthly average official exchange rates return (Naira/USD) in Nigeria.
{"title":"On the use of arima and garch in modelling nigeria’s naira – us dollar monthly exchange rates","authors":"Ahmad Nafisat Tanko, Musa G K, Musa Salisu Auta","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aimed at modelling the volatility of monthly average official exchange rate (Naira/USD) using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) for the period January, 1981 to December, 2021. The data for the study was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria 2021 Statistical Bulletin. The time plot, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip’s Perron (PP) were used to check for the Stationarity of the Series. It was discovered that the series is not stationary, thus the need for differencing to make it stationary. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the ARIMA (0, 2,2) and GARCH (1,1) with Student’s t-distribution are the optimal models for modeling monthly average official exchange rates return (Naira/USD) in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84752028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regression model applications frequently involve violations of the homoscedasticity assumption and the presence of high leverage points (HLPs). The Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix (HCCM) estimator's impact in the presence of heteroscedasticity of an unknown form was investigated in this study. The effectiveness of five variations of HCCM namely White’s estimator (HC0), White-Hinkley (HC1), Mackinnon White (HC2), Davison –Mackinnon (HC3), and Cribari-Neto (HC4) were accessed to identify the optimal Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix (HCCM) estimator. In the study a simulated dataset was analysed using the Econometric View Software Version 12. The Breush-Pagan Godfery’s test for heteroscedasticity was applied and p-value of 0.0123 was obtained indicating presence of heteroscedasticity in the model. Applying the HCCM estimators and comparing the Heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors estimates showed that HCO had 124.104, HC1 had 1189.222, HC2 had 1175.282, HC3 had 1106.94 and HC4 had 1140.707. These results reveal that HC3 and HC4 produced smaller errors compared to HC0, HC1 and HC2. The study hence comes to the conclusion that when doing inferential tests using OLS regression, the use of HCSE estimator increases the researcher's confidence in the accuracy and potency of those tests. This study therefore suggests that to ensure that findings are not affected by heteroscedasticity; researchers should use HCCM estimator but precisely HC3 and HC4, as the presented better results in comparison to others.
{"title":"Heteroscedasticity of unknown form: a comparison of five heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix (hccm) estimators","authors":"Nwangburuka C, Ijomah M A, N. M T","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Regression model applications frequently involve violations of the homoscedasticity assumption and the presence of high leverage points (HLPs). The Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix (HCCM) estimator's impact in the presence of heteroscedasticity of an unknown form was investigated in this study. The effectiveness of five variations of HCCM namely White’s estimator (HC0), White-Hinkley (HC1), Mackinnon White (HC2), Davison –Mackinnon (HC3), and Cribari-Neto (HC4) were accessed to identify the optimal Heteroscedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix (HCCM) estimator. In the study a simulated dataset was analysed using the Econometric View Software Version 12. The Breush-Pagan Godfery’s test for heteroscedasticity was applied and p-value of 0.0123 was obtained indicating presence of heteroscedasticity in the model. Applying the HCCM estimators and comparing the Heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors estimates showed that HCO had 124.104, HC1 had 1189.222, HC2 had 1175.282, HC3 had 1106.94 and HC4 had 1140.707. These results reveal that HC3 and HC4 produced smaller errors compared to HC0, HC1 and HC2. The study hence comes to the conclusion that when doing inferential tests using OLS regression, the use of HCSE estimator increases the researcher's confidence in the accuracy and potency of those tests. This study therefore suggests that to ensure that findings are not affected by heteroscedasticity; researchers should use HCCM estimator but precisely HC3 and HC4, as the presented better results in comparison to others. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77792741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dasofunjo Kayode, Timothy Francisca M, Eyam John A, Asuquo Ukorebi U, Usin Saviour G, Ogri Maryval O, Andem Iyang E, Odu Franklin O, Osim Markpeace E, Mgbe Patience T
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a global public health problem; a higher burden of the infection was reported in developing countries including Nigeria and Cameroun. It has been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, and recently implicated with some haematological abnormalities. This research was carried out to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Gongronema latifolium on haematological parameters of ulcerated Wistar rats.. The experiment was carried out on thirty-six (36) healthy male Wistar rats of weight ranges from (180-200) g. The rats were divide into six (6) groups of six (6) each. Group A served as normal control, Group B (standard control), C and D was treated with100 and 200mg/kg body weight of extract of Gongronema latifolium respectively, Group E and F, was induced with ulcer and treated with 200 and 400mg/kg body weight of extract of Gongronema latifolium respectively .The extract was administered orally for 14 days. After 14 days of administration all rats were fasted for 14 hours, the rats were sacrificed and the blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Blood samples collected in to EDTA bottles were analyzed for haematological profile. The extract showed a significant increase in (p<0.05) in LYM, RBC, PLT, PCV, MXD, Hb, of the ulcerated rats when compared with the normal and standard control. However, the extracts of G. latifolium showed a significant decrease in (p>0.05) in WBC and HCT when compared with the normal control. This present study suggests that the extract of Gongronema latifolium following the onslaught of mucosa might fight against foreign infection possibly by phagocytosis or by generating antibodies that might enhance immune response possibly by immunomodulatory or suppressant or adjuvant action or by generating antibodies that might enhance immune response and might be a panacea to anaemic condition following mucosa ulceration.
{"title":"Haematinic and immunomodulatory effects of leaf extract of gongronema latifolium following the onslaught of mucosa ulceration in wistar rats","authors":"Dasofunjo Kayode, Timothy Francisca M, Eyam John A, Asuquo Ukorebi U, Usin Saviour G, Ogri Maryval O, Andem Iyang E, Odu Franklin O, Osim Markpeace E, Mgbe Patience T","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a global public health problem; a higher burden of the infection was reported in developing countries including Nigeria and Cameroun. It has been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, and recently implicated with some haematological abnormalities. This research was carried out to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Gongronema latifolium on haematological parameters of ulcerated Wistar rats.. The experiment was carried out on thirty-six (36) healthy male Wistar rats of weight ranges from (180-200) g. The rats were divide into six (6) groups of six (6) each. Group A served as normal control, Group B (standard control), C and D was treated with100 and 200mg/kg body weight of extract of Gongronema latifolium respectively, Group E and F, was induced with ulcer and treated with 200 and 400mg/kg body weight of extract of Gongronema latifolium respectively .The extract was administered orally for 14 days. After 14 days of administration all rats were fasted for 14 hours, the rats were sacrificed and the blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Blood samples collected in to EDTA bottles were analyzed for haematological profile. The extract showed a significant increase in (p<0.05) in LYM, RBC, PLT, PCV, MXD, Hb, of the ulcerated rats when compared with the normal and standard control. However, the extracts of G. latifolium showed a significant decrease in (p>0.05) in WBC and HCT when compared with the normal control. This present study suggests that the extract of Gongronema latifolium following the onslaught of mucosa might fight against foreign infection possibly by phagocytosis or by generating antibodies that might enhance immune response possibly by immunomodulatory or suppressant or adjuvant action or by generating antibodies that might enhance immune response and might be a panacea to anaemic condition following mucosa ulceration. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76207245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between uterine placental location and fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study done in the Department of Radiology of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, within a 4-month period. The study involved a total of 100 singleton pregnant women between 20 to 40 weeks of gestation who were aged 20 to 39 years. Analysis of the data was done using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 Inc. Chicago, IL. RESULTS: The frequency distribution of the placental locations were: anterior – 35%, postero-fundal – 36%, antero-fundal – 18% and posterior – 11%. The highest mean head circumference to abdominal circumference ratio (HC/AC) was seen in subjects with posterior placental location (1.03 ± 0.09), lowest mean estimated fetal weight (EFW) was seen in subjects with antero-fundal placental location (1.87 ± 0.92 kg) while the highest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were seen in subjects with postero-fundal placental location (113.89 ± 10.50 mmHg and 66.61 ± 7.07 mmHg) respectively. The lowest mean HC/AC was noted in subjects with anterior placental location (1.01 ± 0.08), the highest EFW was noted in subjects with postero-fundal placental location (2.26 ± 1.03 kg) while the lowest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noted in subjects with posterior placental location (109.09 ± 5.39 mmHg and 61.82 ± 4.05 mmHg) respectively. There was no significant correlation between placental location and HC/AC, EFW, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.744, p = 0.567, p = 0.671, p = 0.936) respectively. CONCLUSION: Placental location in the uterus has no relationship with intrauterine growth restriction and the development of gestational hypertension in the second half of singleton pregnancies.
目的:探讨子宫胎盘位置与胎儿生长受限及妊娠期高血压的关系。材料和方法:在卡拉巴大学教学医院(UCTH)放射科进行的一项前瞻性横断面研究，为期4个月。该研究共涉及100名怀孕20至40周、年龄在20至39岁之间的单胎孕妇。数据的分析是使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)版本20 Inc.。结果:胎盘位置的频率分布为:前位- 35%，后基底位- 36%，前基底位- 18%，后基底位- 11%。平均头围/腹围比(HC/AC)以胎盘后位最高(1.03±0.09)，平均估计胎儿体重(EFW)以胎盘前位最低(1.87±0.92 kg)，平均收缩压和舒张压以胎盘后位最高(113.89±10.50 mmHg和66.61±7.07 mmHg)。平均HC/AC在胎盘前位组最低(1.01±0.08)，EFW在胎盘后位组最高(2.26±1.03 kg)，平均收缩压和舒张压在胎盘后位组最低(109.09±5.39 mmHg和61.82±4.05 mmHg)。胎盘位置与HC/AC、EFW、收缩压、舒张压均无显著相关性(p = 0.744, p = 0.567, p = 0.671, p = 0.936)。结论:单胎妊娠后半期胎盘在子宫内的位置与宫内生长受限及妊娠高血压的发生无关。
{"title":"Effect of placental location on intra-uterine growth restriction and gestational hypertension","authors":"Samuel Archibong Efanga, Akintunde Olusijibomi Akintomide, Samson Omini Paulinus, Okon Asuquo Okon","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between uterine placental location and fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study done in the Department of Radiology of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, within a 4-month period. The study involved a total of 100 singleton pregnant women between 20 to 40 weeks of gestation who were aged 20 to 39 years. Analysis of the data was done using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 Inc. Chicago, IL. \u0000RESULTS: The frequency distribution of the placental locations were: anterior – 35%, postero-fundal – 36%, antero-fundal – 18% and posterior – 11%. The highest mean head circumference to abdominal circumference ratio (HC/AC) was seen in subjects with posterior placental location (1.03 ± 0.09), lowest mean estimated fetal weight (EFW) was seen in subjects with antero-fundal placental location (1.87 ± 0.92 kg) while the highest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were seen in subjects with postero-fundal placental location (113.89 ± 10.50 mmHg and 66.61 ± 7.07 mmHg) respectively. The lowest mean HC/AC was noted in subjects with anterior placental location (1.01 ± 0.08), the highest EFW was noted in subjects with postero-fundal placental location (2.26 ± 1.03 kg) while the lowest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noted in subjects with posterior placental location (109.09 ± 5.39 mmHg and 61.82 ± 4.05 mmHg) respectively. There was no significant correlation between placental location and HC/AC, EFW, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.744, p = 0.567, p = 0.671, p = 0.936) respectively. \u0000CONCLUSION: Placental location in the uterus has no relationship with intrauterine growth restriction and the development of gestational hypertension in the second half of singleton pregnancies. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84948735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. C Asogwa, G. W Ugodi, R. S Ebugosi, I. N Achara, H. N Achieti Atim
Caffeine is an active ingredient of energy drinks that is often consumed to improve cognizance and physical cum mental alertness. This research aims to quantitatively analyze the caffeine content in serving volumes of energy drinks by spectrophotometric and iodometric back titration methods. In the spectrophotometric method, the determination of caffeine content was carried out using a maximum wavelength of 270 nm. The results show that the caffeine contents of the energy drinks were 37.40 mg/200 mL (Passion) < 64.73 mg/250 mL (Bullet) < 82.70 mg/355 mL (Power Horse) < 86.30 mg/400 mL (Predator) < 114.68 mg/500 mL (Fearless) while the iodometric back titration method showed 57.50 mg/250 mL, 165.00 mg/500 mL, 160.00 mg/400 mL, 117.15 mg/355 mL and 40 mg/200 mL respectively for Bullet, fearless, Predator, Power Horse and Passion. The labeled claims on the energy drinks were 78.75 mg/250 mL, 157.50 mg/500 mL, 120.00 mg/400 mL, 133.60 mg/355 mL and 50 mg/200 mL respectively for Bullet, fearless, Predator, Power Horse and Passion which indicates that manufacturers reported higher values of caffeine content in their product possibly to make it attractive to consumers.
咖啡因是能量饮料中的一种活性成分，经常被用来提高认知能力和身心警觉性。本研究旨在用分光光度法和碘量反滴定法定量分析功能饮料中咖啡因的含量。分光光度法测定咖啡因的含量，最大波长为270 nm。结果表明，能量饮料的咖啡因含量分别为37.40 mg/200 mL (Passion) < 64.73 mg/250 mL (Bullet) < 82.70 mg/355 mL (Power Horse) < 86.30 mg/400 mL (Predator) < 114.68 mg/500 mL (Fearless)，而碘量反滴定法测定的结果显示，Bullet、Fearless、Predator、Power Horse和Passion的咖啡因含量分别为57.50 mg/250 mL、165.00 mg/500 mL、160.00 mg/400 mL、117.15 mg/355 mL和40 mg/200 mL。Bullet、fearless、Predator、Power Horse和Passion的能量饮料标签分别为78.75 mg/250 mL、157.50 mg/500 mL、120.00 mg/400 mL、133.60 mg/355 mL和50 mg/200 mL，这表明生产商在其产品中报告了较高的咖啡因含量，可能是为了吸引消费者。
{"title":"Uv-spectroscopic and iodometric back titration analysis of total caffeine content of energy drinks available in markets in cross river state, south-south, nigeria","authors":"F. C Asogwa, G. W Ugodi, R. S Ebugosi, I. N Achara, H. N Achieti Atim","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Caffeine is an active ingredient of energy drinks that is often consumed to improve cognizance and physical cum mental alertness. This research aims to quantitatively analyze the caffeine content in serving volumes of energy drinks by spectrophotometric and iodometric back titration methods. In the spectrophotometric method, the determination of caffeine content was carried out using a maximum wavelength of 270 nm. The results show that the caffeine contents of the energy drinks were 37.40 mg/200 mL (Passion) < 64.73 mg/250 mL (Bullet) < 82.70 mg/355 mL (Power Horse) < 86.30 mg/400 mL (Predator) < 114.68 mg/500 mL (Fearless) while the iodometric back titration method showed 57.50 mg/250 mL, 165.00 mg/500 mL, 160.00 mg/400 mL, 117.15 mg/355 mL and 40 mg/200 mL respectively for Bullet, fearless, Predator, Power Horse and Passion. The labeled claims on the energy drinks were 78.75 mg/250 mL, 157.50 mg/500 mL, 120.00 mg/400 mL, 133.60 mg/355 mL and 50 mg/200 mL respectively for Bullet, fearless, Predator, Power Horse and Passion which indicates that manufacturers reported higher values of caffeine content in their product possibly to make it attractive to consumers.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74352569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kpéli Esso Ehanam Tchedre, M. Savadogo, Guy Serge Tchouadep, I. Zerbo, M. Zoungrana
For silicon solar cells simulation studies, one dimensional (1D), two dimensional 2D) and t hree dimensional (3D) models are used. Depending of model proposed and assumptions done for the study, the electronic and electrical parameters and then the performance of the solar cell can be influenced. This situation raises the problem of the relevance of the choice of the study model and the quality of the resulting results. This work, propose comparative study of the electronic and electric parameters of 1D model, 3D analytical model and 3D empirical model. In this study, continuity equations of excess minority electrons are solved for 1D and 3D models and analytical expressions of electronic parameters (density of electrons δ, intrinsic junction recombination velocity Sf0 and recombination velocity at back surface Sb) and electric parameters (Jsc, Voc, η) are derived. The influence of the model chosen on the electric and electronic parameters of the PV cell have been presented. It appears in this study that the choice of the simulation model has a large influence on the electronic and electrical parameters the PV cell. The one-dimensional formulation (1D) overestimates the solar cell efficiency comparatively to the three-dimensional (3D) formulations. The study put in evidence also that for the same grain size, the solar cell efficiency resulting of 3D classical formulation is overestimates than one resulting of 3D empirical formulation.
{"title":"Comparative study of the effects of simulation models on the electronic and electrical parameters of a silicon pv cell","authors":"Kpéli Esso Ehanam Tchedre, M. Savadogo, Guy Serge Tchouadep, I. Zerbo, M. Zoungrana","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.5","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000For silicon solar cells simulation studies, one dimensional (1D), two dimensional 2D) and t \u0000 \u0000hree dimensional (3D) models are used. Depending of model proposed and assumptions done for the study, the electronic and electrical parameters and then the performance of the solar cell can be influenced. \u0000This situation raises the problem of the relevance of the choice of the study model and the quality of the resulting results. This work, propose comparative study of the electronic and electric parameters of 1D model, 3D analytical model and 3D empirical model. In this study, continuity equations of excess minority electrons are solved for 1D and 3D models and analytical expressions of electronic parameters (density of electrons δ, intrinsic junction recombination velocity Sf0 and recombination velocity at back surface Sb) and electric parameters (Jsc, Voc, η) are derived. The influence of the model chosen on the electric and electronic parameters of the PV cell have been presented. \u0000It appears in this study that the choice of the simulation model has a large influence on the electronic and electrical parameters the PV cell. The one-dimensional formulation (1D) overestimates the solar cell efficiency comparatively to the three-dimensional (3D) formulations. The study put in evidence also that for the same grain size, the solar cell efficiency resulting of 3D classical formulation is overestimates than one resulting of 3D empirical formulation. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90768763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eworo R E, Fabian U A, Thomas C, Luke U O, Usoro C A, Johnson D D, Egom O U, Ntamu A N, Nsonwu Anyanwu C A
Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals with deleterious health effects leading to oxidative stress and neuronal damage. This study investigated the levels of serum cotinine (COT), thiocyanate (thioc), uric acid (UA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), and the association between these variables in cigarette smokers. This cross sectional study enrolled 60 cigarette smokers and 45 non-smokers as participants. Serum thiocyanate and UA were estimated by colorimetric methods. Serum cotinine and NSE were determined by ELISA methods. Height and weight were measured and BMI computed. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation at P<0.05. Serum cotinine, thioc and NSE concentrations were significantly higher while BMI and UA levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in smokers than in the controls. Age was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Age, COT, UA, thioc and NSE vary significantly (P<0.05) between the light, moderate and heavy cigarette smokers. From the least significant difference post hoc analyses, the mean age and UA level of light smoker were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with the moderate smokers, while COT level of moderate smokers was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with light smokers. Neuron specific enolase level of moderate cigarette smokers was higher (P>0.05) compared with the light smokers. The mean age of light smokers was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with the heavy smokers, while the COT, thioc and NSE levels of light smokers were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with the heavy smokers. Serum UA, thioc and NSE levels of moderate smokers were significantly lower (P<0.05), than those of the heavy smokers. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and COT (r = -0.554, P<0.001), age and thioc (r = -0.421, P= 0.001), age and NSE (r = -0.346, P=0.001), age against smoking pack years (r = -0.623, P<0.001) respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between serum thioc and NSE (r = 0.324, P=0.012), COT against smoking pack years (r = 0.399, P=0.002), and NSE against smoking pack years (r = 0.311, P=0.015), correspondingly. This study has shown that high levels of cotinine and thiocyanate are associated with increased levels of neuron specific enolase, smoking pack years and decreased uric acid in smokers.
{"title":"Evaluation of serum cotinine, total protein, thiocyanate, neuron specific enolase and uric acid levels of cigarette smokers in calabar metropolis, nigeria: a cross sectional study","authors":"Eworo R E, Fabian U A, Thomas C, Luke U O, Usoro C A, Johnson D D, Egom O U, Ntamu A N, Nsonwu Anyanwu C A","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals with deleterious health effects leading to oxidative stress and neuronal damage. This study investigated the levels of serum cotinine (COT), thiocyanate (thioc), uric acid (UA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), and the association between these variables in cigarette smokers. This cross sectional study enrolled 60 cigarette smokers and 45 non-smokers as participants. Serum thiocyanate and UA were estimated by colorimetric methods. Serum cotinine and NSE were determined by ELISA methods. Height and weight were measured and BMI computed. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation at P<0.05. Serum cotinine, thioc and NSE concentrations were significantly higher while BMI and UA levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in smokers than in the controls. Age was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Age, COT, UA, thioc and NSE vary significantly (P<0.05) between the light, moderate and heavy cigarette smokers. From the least significant difference post hoc analyses, the mean age and UA level of light smoker were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with the moderate smokers, while COT level of moderate smokers was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with light smokers. Neuron specific enolase level of moderate cigarette smokers was higher (P>0.05) compared with the light smokers. The mean age of light smokers was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with the heavy smokers, while the COT, thioc and NSE levels of light smokers were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with the heavy smokers. Serum UA, thioc and NSE levels of moderate smokers were significantly lower (P<0.05), than those of the heavy smokers. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and COT (r = -0.554, P<0.001), age and thioc (r = -0.421, P= 0.001), age and NSE (r = -0.346, P=0.001), age against smoking pack years (r = -0.623, P<0.001) respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between serum thioc and NSE (r = 0.324, P=0.012), COT against smoking pack years (r = 0.399, P=0.002), and NSE against smoking pack years (r = 0.311, P=0.015), correspondingly. This study has shown that high levels of cotinine and thiocyanate are associated with increased levels of neuron specific enolase, smoking pack years and decreased uric acid in smokers.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79888336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. O C, O. O O, Falana A R, Adeoye A S, O. J O, Marizu J T
The peculiarities of poor electricity generation and distribution which has resulted in high reliance on generators is implicated in the profile of Nigeria’s environmental pollution situation. Still, the consequences of the pervasive use of generators on health is yet to be optimally captured empirically, and macro-wise. Hence, this work was designed to examine correlations between generator use and some selected indices of- health. depreciator. Cross national, secondary data used were extracted from the 2018/19 Nigerian General Household Survey Panel Component (the 2018/19 GHS-Panel). Data on generator use and some selected indices of ill-health were subjected to descriptive and Spearman rank correlational analysis. Results indicated that generator is owned in 24.6% of Nigerian households. Only 55.4% of households have access to electricity; 11.3% and 12.4% of them primarily and secondarily rely on generators respectively. Male and female respondents reporting any health problem was 22.6% and 22.5% respectively, of which only 20.5% consulted a health practitioner. Respondents reporting drug purchase were 28.8%. Primary reliance on generator significantly and positively correlated with consultation with health practitioner (r = .879, p< 0.05), female health problems (r = .862, p< 0.05), drug purchase (r = .700, p< 0.05), cost of medication (r = .700, p< 0.05), male health problems (r = .667, p = 0.05) and cost of consultation (r = .667, p = 0.05). On the other hand, the use of generator as a secondary or other source of electricity is only significantly and positively related to cost of medication (r = .733, p< 0.05) and drug purchase (r = .717, p< 0.05). Generators are leading assets whose use is becoming a significant element of the Nigerian way of life. Marginal or zero reliance on generator for access to electricity would have kept the Nigerian people healthier than they are currently. Certainly, generator use is a vast sponsor of ill-health and a vicious depreciator of health in Nigeria.
{"title":"Environmental pollution as health depreciator: the case of household generator use in nigeria","authors":"O. O C, O. O O, Falana A R, Adeoye A S, O. J O, Marizu J T","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The peculiarities of poor electricity generation and distribution which has resulted in high reliance on generators is implicated in the profile of Nigeria’s environmental pollution situation. Still, the consequences of the pervasive use of generators on health is yet to be optimally captured empirically, and macro-wise. Hence, this work was designed to examine correlations between generator use and some selected indices of- health. depreciator. Cross national, secondary data used were extracted from the 2018/19 Nigerian General Household Survey Panel Component (the 2018/19 GHS-Panel). Data on generator use and some selected indices of ill-health were subjected to descriptive and Spearman rank correlational analysis. Results indicated that generator is owned in 24.6% of Nigerian households. Only 55.4% of households have access to electricity; 11.3% and 12.4% of them primarily and secondarily rely on generators respectively. Male and female respondents reporting any health problem was 22.6% and 22.5% respectively, of which only 20.5% consulted a health practitioner. Respondents reporting drug purchase were 28.8%. Primary reliance on generator significantly and positively correlated with consultation with health practitioner (r = .879, p< 0.05), female health problems (r = .862, p< 0.05), drug purchase (r = .700, p< 0.05), cost of medication (r = .700, p< 0.05), male health problems (r = .667, p = 0.05) and cost of consultation (r = .667, p = 0.05). On the other hand, the use of generator as a secondary or other source of electricity is only significantly and positively related to cost of medication (r = .733, p< 0.05) and drug purchase (r = .717, p< 0.05). Generators are leading assets whose use is becoming a significant element of the Nigerian way of life. Marginal or zero reliance on generator for access to electricity would have kept the Nigerian people healthier than they are currently. Certainly, generator use is a vast sponsor of ill-health and a vicious depreciator of health in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82774755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eworo R E, Nsonwu Anyanwu C A, Usoro C A, Thomas C, Fabian U A, Johnson D D, Usoro C A O
Exposure to gasoline fumes through inhalation or accidental ingestion has been associated with chronic inflammatory reactions leading to oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage and increased risk of chronic lung conditions and cancer. This study assessed the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and biomarkers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxides (TPP), oxidative stress index (OSI)), oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), 1-hydroxypyrene and urine creatinine in Gasoline Station Attendants. A total of 100 consenting adults, aged 18-60 years, comprising 50 gasoline station attendants and 50 non-gasoline station attendants (controls) were enrolled into this comparative cross-sectional study. The PEFR was determined using the peak flow meter, TAC, TPP and creatinine by colorimetry, 8-OHdG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP) by high performance liquid chromatography and OSI by calculation. Data was analysed using unpaired Student t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis at p<0.05. The body mass index, TPP, OSI and 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher and TAC and PEFR lower in gasoline pump attendants compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between TPP and years at work (r=0.638, p=0.000), between TPP and OSI (r=0.282, p=0.047) and negative correlation between TAC and OSI (r=-0.555, p=0.000) only in gasoline station attendants. Exposure to gasoline is associated with increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, reduced lung function and depletion of antioxidants which may result in oxidative stress and increased risk for the development of chronic lung conditions in gasoline station attendants.
{"title":"Enhancement of oxidative stress, oxidative dna damage and lowered pefr in gasoline station attendants in calabar metropolis","authors":"Eworo R E, Nsonwu Anyanwu C A, Usoro C A, Thomas C, Fabian U A, Johnson D D, Usoro C A O","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to gasoline fumes through inhalation or accidental ingestion has been associated with chronic inflammatory reactions leading to oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage and increased risk of chronic lung conditions and cancer. This study assessed the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and biomarkers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxides (TPP), oxidative stress index (OSI)), oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), 1-hydroxypyrene and urine creatinine in Gasoline Station Attendants. A total of 100 consenting adults, aged 18-60 years, comprising 50 gasoline station attendants and 50 non-gasoline station attendants (controls) were enrolled into this comparative cross-sectional study. The PEFR was determined using the peak flow meter, TAC, TPP and creatinine by colorimetry, 8-OHdG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP) by high performance liquid chromatography and OSI by calculation. Data was analysed using unpaired Student t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis at p<0.05. \u0000The body mass index, TPP, OSI and 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher and TAC and PEFR lower in gasoline pump attendants compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between TPP and years at work (r=0.638, p=0.000), between TPP and OSI (r=0.282, p=0.047) and negative correlation between TAC and OSI (r=-0.555, p=0.000) only in gasoline station attendants. Exposure to gasoline is associated with increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, reduced lung function and depletion of antioxidants which may result in oxidative stress and increased risk for the development of chronic lung conditions in gasoline station attendants. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80783309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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