Glory Philemon Bebia, Eldad Akong Akpang, Joy Chinweokwu Ugwu, Paul Columbus Inyang-Etoh
Background: Malaria and intestinal parasitosis is a public health problem among diabetic patients, therefore, this work evaluates the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and malaria co-infections in diabetics. Materials and Methods Capillary blood and fecal samples were collected from 190 diabetic patients at the outpatient clinic of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and Navy Reference Hospital Calabar and another batch of capillary blood and fecal samples from 110 non-diabetic subjects. The stool samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically by direct smear and formol- ether concentration method and also stained by modified Ziehl- Neelsen acid fast stain. The thick and thin blood film were stained with 10% Giemsa stain and viewed microscopically. Result: Amongst the test subjects, malaria parasites had a prevalence rate of 30 (15.8%), intestinal parasites had a prevalence rate of 48 (25.3%), and prevalence of co-infection with malaria parasites and intestinal parasites were 8 (4.2%), the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.036). Amongst the non-diabetic subjects, prevalence of malaria parasites was 12 (10.9%), intestinal parasites had a prevalent rate of 12 (10.9%) and a co-infection prevalence rate of 12 (3.6%). Amongst the diabetic patients, subjects aged 21-30 years had the highest infection rate of 14 (70.0%) for malaria parasites while 31-40 years had the highest infection of 8 (57.1%) for intestinal parasites the difference was statistically significant p = 0.0001. Amongst the non-diabetic subjects, age group 31-40 had the highest prevalence rate for malaria parasites 4(28.6%) and intestinal parasites 6(42.9%), while age group 31-40 and 41-50 had the highest prevalent rates of 2(14.3%) for co-infection. Amongst the diabetic patients, male subjects had a higher prevalence rates for malaria parasites, intestinal parasites and co-infection of 20(33.3%), 26(43.3%) and 6(10.0%) respectively which was statistically significant (p= 0.001). For the non-diabetic subjects, females had a higher prevalence rate for malaria infection 8(13.3%), while males had a higher prevalence rate for intestinal parasites and co-infection of 8(16.0%) and 4(8.0%) respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.250). Hookworm was the most observed parasite, 18(37.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides, 14 (29.2%), Cryptosporidium parvum, 8 (16.7%), Cyclospora cayetanensis, 4 (8.3%), Trichuris trichiura, 2 (4.2%) and Microsporidia, 2 (4.2%). Conclusion: Based on findings in this study, this work has shown a prevalence of intestinal parasites (25.3%), and prevalence of malaria infection (15.8%) in diabetic subjects; and this study also illustrate the prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasitic co- infection of 4.2%, and the need to put in place strategies for the control of the parasite among this group of patients.
{"title":"Prevalence Of Malaria And Intestinal Parasitic Co-Infection Among Diabetic Patients In Calabar.","authors":"Glory Philemon Bebia, Eldad Akong Akpang, Joy Chinweokwu Ugwu, Paul Columbus Inyang-Etoh","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria and intestinal parasitosis is a public health problem among diabetic patients, therefore, this work evaluates the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and malaria co-infections in diabetics. \u0000Materials and Methods \u0000Capillary blood and fecal samples were collected from 190 diabetic patients at the outpatient clinic of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and Navy Reference Hospital Calabar and another batch of capillary blood and fecal samples from 110 non-diabetic subjects. The stool samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically by direct smear and formol- ether concentration method and also stained by modified Ziehl- Neelsen acid fast stain. The thick and thin blood film were stained with 10% Giemsa stain and viewed microscopically. \u0000Result: Amongst the test subjects, malaria parasites had a prevalence rate of 30 (15.8%), intestinal parasites had a prevalence rate of 48 (25.3%), and prevalence of co-infection with malaria parasites and intestinal parasites were 8 (4.2%), the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.036). Amongst the non-diabetic subjects, prevalence of malaria parasites was 12 (10.9%), intestinal parasites had a prevalent rate of 12 (10.9%) and a co-infection prevalence rate of 12 (3.6%). Amongst the diabetic patients, subjects aged 21-30 years had the highest infection rate of 14 (70.0%) for malaria parasites while 31-40 years had the highest infection of 8 (57.1%) for intestinal parasites the difference was statistically significant p = 0.0001. Amongst the non-diabetic subjects, age group 31-40 had the highest prevalence rate for malaria parasites 4(28.6%) and intestinal parasites 6(42.9%), while age group 31-40 and 41-50 had the highest prevalent rates of 2(14.3%) for co-infection. Amongst the diabetic patients, male subjects had a higher prevalence rates for malaria parasites, intestinal parasites and co-infection of 20(33.3%), 26(43.3%) and 6(10.0%) respectively which was statistically significant (p= 0.001). For the non-diabetic subjects, females had a higher prevalence rate for malaria infection 8(13.3%), while males had a higher prevalence rate for intestinal parasites and co-infection of 8(16.0%) and 4(8.0%) respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.250). Hookworm was the most observed parasite, 18(37.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides, 14 (29.2%), Cryptosporidium parvum, 8 (16.7%), Cyclospora cayetanensis, 4 (8.3%), Trichuris trichiura, 2 (4.2%) and Microsporidia, 2 (4.2%). \u0000Conclusion: Based on findings in this study, this work has shown a prevalence of intestinal parasites (25.3%), and prevalence of malaria infection (15.8%) in diabetic subjects; and this study also illustrate the prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasitic co- infection of 4.2%, and the need to put in place strategies for the control of the parasite among this group of patients.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"92 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89853542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adie, P. I.,, Afu, S. M.,, Olim, D. M.,, Beshel, S. B.,, Ofem V. O.,
This study investigated the concentrations of heavy metals and their bioaccumulation in earthworm in Lemna solid wastes dumpsite in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Three composite samples of the depth of 30 cm each were collected from Lemna dumpsites and control from the University of Calabar Botanical garden, making a total of four composite soil samples, while samples of earthworms were collected at each sampling point. The samples were analysed for Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu. The result showed that the levels of heavy metals were all higher in dumpsite and significantly different from the control. The respective means of metal concentrations from both Lemna and control were Pb(323.99mg/kg , 89.88mg/kg), Cd(1.12 mg/kg, 0.072 mg/kg), Zn(281 mg/kg, 7.60 mg/kg) and Cu(21.58 mg/kg, 4.89 mg/kg). Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were also higher in earthworm of dumpsite than earthworm of the control soil. Correlation between Cadmium and Zinc concentration in soil and Cadmium and Zinc concentration in earthworm displayed strong and positive relationship while weak and negative correlation was observed between Cu and Pb concentrations in soil and Cu and Pb concentrations in earthworm. Bioaccumulation of the heavy metals by earthworm was in the order of Zn (0.382) > Cd (0.170) > Pb (0.076) > Cu (0.020). The dumpsite soil was found to be contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn as their concentrations were high above maximum permissible limits except Cu. For safe consumption of crops from Lemna dumpsite soil, remediation of heavy metals in the soil in advocated.
{"title":"Heavy Metals Concentration In Soils And Bioaccumulation In Earthworm (Lumbricus Terrestris) At Lemna Solid Wastes Dumpsite, Calabar, Cross River State","authors":"Adie, P. I.,, Afu, S. M.,, Olim, D. M.,, Beshel, S. B.,, Ofem V. O.,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the concentrations of heavy metals and their bioaccumulation in earthworm in Lemna solid wastes dumpsite in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Three composite samples of the depth of 30 cm each were collected from Lemna dumpsites and control from the University of Calabar Botanical garden, making a total of four composite soil samples, while samples of earthworms were collected at each sampling point. The samples were analysed for Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu. The result showed that the levels of heavy metals were all higher in dumpsite and significantly different from the control. The respective means of metal concentrations from both Lemna and control were Pb(323.99mg/kg , 89.88mg/kg), Cd(1.12 mg/kg, 0.072 mg/kg), Zn(281 mg/kg, 7.60 mg/kg) and Cu(21.58 mg/kg, 4.89 mg/kg). Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were also higher in earthworm of dumpsite than earthworm of the control soil. Correlation between Cadmium and Zinc concentration in soil and Cadmium and Zinc concentration in earthworm displayed strong and positive relationship while weak and negative correlation was observed between Cu and Pb concentrations in soil and Cu and Pb concentrations in earthworm. Bioaccumulation of the heavy metals by earthworm was in the order of Zn (0.382) > Cd (0.170) > Pb (0.076) > Cu (0.020). The dumpsite soil was found to be contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn as their concentrations were high above maximum permissible limits except Cu. For safe consumption of crops from Lemna dumpsite soil, remediation of heavy metals in the soil in advocated. ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89921943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asante – Mensa, Obeng-Denteh, K. Boadi, E. Ayekple
In this paper, we present a generalized form of the Cantor ternary set by studying the cantor middle set where 1 and its fractal dimension. The paper also introduces the Heine-Borel set and shows that the cantor set and its generalised middle set where 1 are Heine-Borel sets.
{"title":"Constructing Homeomorphisms Of The Cantor Ternary Set","authors":"Asante – Mensa, Obeng-Denteh, K. Boadi, E. Ayekple","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a generalized form of the Cantor ternary set by studying the cantor middle set where 1 and its fractal dimension. The paper also introduces the Heine-Borel set and shows that the cantor set and its generalised middle set where 1 are Heine-Borel sets.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87961242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ime Franklin Ani,, Item Justin Atangwho,, Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola,, Temitope E. Adebambo,, Nnenna Choice Ajuzie,, Adeola Beatrice Adetola,
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disease which is characterized by hyperglycaemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and protein with an increased risk of many complications such as liver and pancreas damage and altered serum electrolytes level. During the past few years many plants and spices have been used to manage DM. This work aimed to investigate the possible anti-diabetic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Zingiber officinale roscoe and Piper nigrum L. extract treatments in alloxan induced diabetic rats via studying pancreas, liver structure abnormalities and serum electrolytes level alteration. 30 male Wistar rats (130-180 g) were injected intraperitoneally and divided into five main groups each of 6 rats. The control group was injected with a single dose of saline solution (0.9% NaCl), diabetic group was injected with a dose of alloxan solution (170 mg/kg), high and low dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg extract after induction of diabetes respectively and metformin treated group was injected at a daily dose 500 mg/kg metformin after induction of diabetes. Microscopic histopathology examination of pancreatic tissues showed decrease in islets of Langerhans size in the diabetic group, sinusoidal enlargement and increased fatty vacuoles in the liver tissues of the diabetic group. There were alterations in the serum electrolytes levels of the diabetic group. These abnormalities were healed after treatment of diabetic rats with extract which could have the ability to regenerate beta cells of islets of Langerhans. The present study could verify that the extract normalized the various serum electrolytes levels and histological abnormalities resulted due to diabetes metabolic disorders.
{"title":"Effect of hibiscus sabdariffa l. Piper nigrum l. And zingiber officinale r. Extract on serum electrolytes profile and changes in the pancreas of alloxan induced diabetic rat.","authors":"Ime Franklin Ani,, Item Justin Atangwho,, Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola,, Temitope E. Adebambo,, Nnenna Choice Ajuzie,, Adeola Beatrice Adetola,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disease which is characterized by hyperglycaemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and protein with an increased risk of many complications such as liver and pancreas damage and altered serum electrolytes level. During the past few years many plants and spices have been used to manage DM. This work aimed to investigate the possible anti-diabetic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Zingiber officinale roscoe and Piper nigrum L. extract treatments in alloxan induced diabetic rats via studying pancreas, liver structure abnormalities and serum electrolytes level alteration. 30 male Wistar rats (130-180 g) were injected intraperitoneally and divided into five main groups each of 6 rats. The control group was injected with a single dose of saline solution (0.9% NaCl), diabetic group was injected with a dose of alloxan solution (170 mg/kg), high and low dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg extract after induction of diabetes respectively and metformin treated group was injected at a daily dose 500 mg/kg metformin after induction of diabetes. Microscopic histopathology examination of pancreatic tissues showed decrease in islets of Langerhans size in the diabetic group, sinusoidal enlargement and increased fatty vacuoles in the liver tissues of the diabetic group. There were alterations in the serum electrolytes levels of the diabetic group. These abnormalities were healed after treatment of diabetic rats with extract which could have the ability to regenerate beta cells of islets of Langerhans. The present study could verify that the extract normalized the various serum electrolytes levels and histological abnormalities resulted due to diabetes metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78458369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ime Franklin Ani,, Item Justin Atangwho,, Eyuwa Ignatius Agwupuye,, Ogheneovo Abigail Oghenefejiro,
Background: Diabetes is a disease condition of metabolism clinically expressed by chronic hyperglycemia and protein disorder; it has a link to several complications that cause morbidity and mortality and native plants with antidiabetic properties can be used to avoid further progression of the disease Objective: To investigate the antidiabetic properties of combined extract of hibiscus sabdariffa l., zingiber officinale roscoe and piper nigrum l. as well as its effect on selected hematological parameters in alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats Methods: Thirty (30) male wistar rats aged between 8-10 weeks, weighing 130g to 138g were divided into five groups of six rats each and acclimatized for a week prior to the commencement of the treatments. Of the 5 groups, 4 were induced with 170mg/kg body weight of alloxan. Diabetic rats were treated with 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg of the combined extract as well as 500mg/kg of metformin. The last diabetic group was left untreated and served as the negative control. All treatments were administered for 21 days with blood glucose level and body weight of the experimental animals regularly measured during the course of the treatment. At the end of the treatments, experimental rats were sacrificed and the blood collected was used to carry out hematological analysis including White Blood Cell count(WBC), Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct) or Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Platelet (Plt). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P˂0.05. Results: The combined plant extract was observed to cause a decrease in the blood sugar level and also helped to maintain the body weight of animals. Similarly, the level of the PCV and the HB significantly increased (p<0.05) after administering the combined extract at the two selected doses. Also the WBC count was significantly (p<0.05) lowered following the administration of the combined extract. Conclusion: The combined extracts of Hibiscus Sabdariffa and Zingiber Officinale and Piper Nigrum have potential in the management of hyperglycemia as well as in the improvement of hematological parameters in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
{"title":"Effect of hibiscus sabdariffa l., zingiber officinale roscoe and piper nigrum l. On the hematological parameters of alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats.","authors":"Ime Franklin Ani,, Item Justin Atangwho,, Eyuwa Ignatius Agwupuye,, Ogheneovo Abigail Oghenefejiro,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a disease condition of metabolism clinically expressed by chronic hyperglycemia and protein disorder; it has a link to several complications that cause morbidity and mortality and native plants with antidiabetic properties can be used to avoid further progression of the disease \u0000Objective: To investigate the antidiabetic properties of combined extract of hibiscus sabdariffa l., zingiber officinale roscoe and piper nigrum l. as well as its effect on selected hematological parameters in alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats \u0000Methods: Thirty (30) male wistar rats aged between 8-10 weeks, weighing 130g to 138g were divided into five groups of six rats each and acclimatized for a week prior to the commencement of the treatments. Of the 5 groups, 4 were induced with 170mg/kg body weight of alloxan. Diabetic rats were treated with 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg of the combined extract as well as 500mg/kg of metformin. The last diabetic group was left untreated and served as the negative control. All treatments were administered for 21 days with blood glucose level and body weight of the experimental animals regularly measured during the course of the treatment. At the end of the treatments, experimental rats were sacrificed and the blood collected was used to carry out hematological analysis including White Blood Cell count(WBC), Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct) or Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Platelet (Plt). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P˂0.05. \u0000Results: The combined plant extract was observed to cause a decrease in the blood sugar level and also helped to maintain the body weight of animals. Similarly, the level of the PCV and the HB significantly increased (p<0.05) after administering the combined extract at the two selected doses. Also the WBC count was significantly (p<0.05) lowered following the administration of the combined extract. \u0000Conclusion: The combined extracts of Hibiscus Sabdariffa and Zingiber Officinale and Piper Nigrum have potential in the management of hyperglycemia as well as in the improvement of hematological parameters in alloxan induced diabetic rats.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"459 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78267646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Obi-Abang,, Ironya Ogar, Jonathan Osine Enyike,, Margaret Akpan Eno,, Godwin Eneji Egbung,
Ficus glumosa is used extensively in traditional medicine to manage and remedy some health conditions. This study evaluated the impact of F. glumosa leaf extract on selected biochemical indices of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in male Wistar rats. Thirty-six male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Rats in the Normal Control (NC) received feed without any special treatment, rats in the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Control (BPHC) group were administered 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone, rats in the Standard Control (STDC) group received 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone + 5 mg/Kg body weight finasteride, rats in the low dose (LD) group received 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone + 100 mg/Kg body weight of F. glumosa extract, rats in the medium dose group received 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone + 200 mg/Kg body weight of F. glumosa extract, rats in the high dose group received 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone + 400 mg/Kg body weight of F. glumosa extract. The animals received water and feed ad libitum for 28 days. They were anaesthetized (after treatment period) using ketamine hypochlorite. Blood samples were collected, centrifuged and serum harvested for analyses using standard methods and one way ANOVA followed by least square difference (LSD) post-hoc comparison test. Results indicated a significant decrease at p< 0.05 in serum electrolytes (Na and Cl) in the groups treated with F. glumosa extract when compared to the control groups. The serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels of the groups treated with 200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg bw of F. glumosa leaf extract decreased significantly when compared to the BPHC standard and normal control groups. Also the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase indicated similar trend. We therefore conclude that F. glumosa leaf extract may attenuate some biochemical indices especially serum electrolytes (Na and Cl), aspartate aminotransferase as well as HDL-c level in testosterone – induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats.
{"title":"Ficus glumosa delile leaf extract attenuates some biochemical markers in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in wistar rats.","authors":"M. Obi-Abang,, Ironya Ogar, Jonathan Osine Enyike,, Margaret Akpan Eno,, Godwin Eneji Egbung,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Ficus glumosa is used extensively in traditional medicine to manage and remedy some health conditions. This study evaluated the impact of F. glumosa leaf extract on selected biochemical indices of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in male Wistar rats. Thirty-six male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Rats in the Normal Control (NC) received feed without any special treatment, rats in the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Control (BPHC) group were administered 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone, rats in the Standard Control (STDC) group received 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone + 5 mg/Kg body weight finasteride, rats in the low dose (LD) group received 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone + 100 mg/Kg body weight of F. glumosa extract, rats in the medium dose group received 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone + 200 mg/Kg body weight of F. glumosa extract, rats in the high dose group received 50 mg/Kg body weight testosterone + 400 mg/Kg body weight of F. glumosa extract. The animals received water and feed ad libitum for 28 days. They were anaesthetized (after treatment period) using ketamine hypochlorite. Blood samples were collected, centrifuged and serum harvested for analyses using standard methods and one way ANOVA followed by least square difference (LSD) post-hoc comparison test. Results indicated a significant decrease at p< 0.05 in serum electrolytes (Na and Cl) in the groups treated with F. glumosa extract when compared to the control groups. The serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels of the groups treated with 200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg bw of F. glumosa leaf extract decreased significantly when compared to the BPHC standard and normal control groups. Also the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase indicated similar trend. We therefore conclude that F. glumosa leaf extract may attenuate some biochemical indices especially serum electrolytes (Na and Cl), aspartate aminotransferase as well as HDL-c level in testosterone – induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85720875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today's world, the rapid growth of human populations, who rely on forest resources as their primary source of income, is a major source of concern. The impact of population increase on biodiversity loss in the Boki rainforest in Nigeria's Cross River State was investigated in this study. The study looked into the causes of rapid population expansion, the proximate causes of deforestation, the effects of deforestation on biodiversity, and the economic values of rainforests to Boki inhabitants. The study gathered information on the factors that contribute to population growth, the pace of biodiversity loss, the causes of deforestation, and the effects of deforestation on biodiversity in the study area. The findings found that a mix of human influences such as rapid population growth, increasing human activities such as lumbering, fuel wood extraction, settlement expansion, agricultural practices, and construction works had aggravated tropical rainforest degradation in the studied area. These factors have aided in the extinction and depletion of important flora and fauna species in the study area. To maintain the Boki rainforests and it’s biodiversity, the report suggests population education, research-based innovative forestry and biodiversity policies, and forest restoration efforts such as community-based forest management.
{"title":"Impact of population growth on biodiversity loss in boki agro-ecological rainforests, cross river state, nigeria","authors":"Oko, P. E.,, Odey, D. U.,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"In today's world, the rapid growth of human populations, who rely on forest resources as their primary source of income, is a major source of concern. The impact of population increase on biodiversity loss in the Boki rainforest in Nigeria's Cross River State was investigated in this study. The study looked into the causes of rapid population expansion, the proximate causes of deforestation, the effects of deforestation on biodiversity, and the economic values of rainforests to Boki inhabitants. The study gathered information on the factors that contribute to population growth, the pace of biodiversity loss, the causes of deforestation, and the effects of deforestation on biodiversity in the study area. The findings found that a mix of human influences such as rapid population growth, increasing human activities such as lumbering, fuel wood extraction, settlement expansion, agricultural practices, and construction works had aggravated tropical rainforest degradation in the studied area. These factors have aided in the extinction and depletion of important flora and fauna species in the study area. To maintain the Boki rainforests and it’s biodiversity, the report suggests population education, research-based innovative forestry and biodiversity policies, and forest restoration efforts such as community-based forest management.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"387 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78018127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Festus Chioma, Odozi, Nnenna W.,, Mchihi M. Moses,, Olatunde, M. Abimbola
The inhibitory effect of N-(1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-3-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (HL chelator) on the corrosion of mild steel (Ms) in 1M HCl remained appraised via weight loss (WL) estimations, atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computational studies. The adsorption of the appraised ligand remained found to conform to Langmuir adsorption isotherm (LAI). The data acquired for ΔGads denotes chemisorption adsorption mechanism for the inhibitor while acquired AAS analysis results revealed that the concentration of iron in the inhibited corrosive medium is less than the concentration of iron in the uninhibited solution after immersion with Ms at the same contact time and was also observed to reduce with upsurge in concentration of the inhibitor. SEM micrographs acquired revealed that the existence of the studied compound lessened the degree of corrosion in addition to decreased surface roughness signifying establishment of protective inhibitor film at the Ms surface. The energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) as well as energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) remained estimated via density functional theory (DFT) method from which other parameters were determined. The results acquired from computational studies were in conformity with those from experimental studies and both validate the use of HL chelator as an excellent and efficient inhibitor for the corrosion of Ms in 1 M HCl.
通过失重(WL)、原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和计算研究，评价了N-(1,4-二氢-1,4-二恶萘-3-基)吡嗪-2-羧酰胺(HL螯合剂)对低碳钢(Ms)在1M HCl中腐蚀的抑制作用。评价配体的吸附仍然符合Langmuir吸附等温线(LAI)。通过ΔGads获取的数据表明了缓蚀剂的化学吸附机理，同时获得的原子吸收光谱分析结果表明，在相同接触时间下，Ms浸泡后，被抑制腐蚀介质中的铁浓度小于未抑制溶液中的铁浓度，并且随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加而降低。SEM显微图显示，所研究化合物的存在除了降低表面粗糙度外，还减轻了腐蚀程度，这表明在Ms表面建立了保护性抑制剂膜。利用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法估计了最高已占据分子轨道(EHOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道(ELUMO)的能量，并以此确定了其他参数。计算研究的结果与实验研究的结果一致，都验证了HL螯合剂作为1 M HCl中Ms腐蚀的优良有效抑制剂的使用。
{"title":"Synthesis, spectroscopic, and density functional theory studies of the corrosion inhibitive behaviour of n-(1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-3-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide chelator-ligand","authors":"Festus Chioma, Odozi, Nnenna W.,, Mchihi M. Moses,, Olatunde, M. Abimbola","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The inhibitory effect of N-(1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-3-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (HL chelator) on the corrosion of mild steel (Ms) in 1M HCl remained appraised via weight loss (WL) estimations, atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computational studies. The adsorption of the appraised ligand remained found to conform to Langmuir adsorption isotherm (LAI). The data acquired for ΔGads denotes chemisorption adsorption mechanism for the inhibitor while acquired AAS analysis results revealed that the concentration of iron in the inhibited corrosive medium is less than the concentration of iron in the uninhibited solution after immersion with Ms at the same contact time and was also observed to reduce with upsurge in concentration of the inhibitor. SEM micrographs acquired revealed that the existence of the studied compound lessened the degree of corrosion in addition to decreased surface roughness signifying establishment of protective inhibitor film at the Ms surface. The energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) as well as energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) remained estimated via density functional theory (DFT) method from which other parameters were determined. The results acquired from computational studies were in conformity with those from experimental studies and both validate the use of HL chelator as an excellent and efficient inhibitor for the corrosion of Ms in 1 M HCl.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86708995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: HIV treatment centres use the WHO standard policies and guidelines to conduct HIV testing services, and anti-retroviral treatment to people living with HIV. The purpose of the study was to assess and compare structures and treatment processes in public and private HIV treatment centres in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study carried out in both public and private HIV treatment centres in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The sample size of 10 public and 10 private HIV treatment centres were used for this study. A stratified sampling method was used to randomly select ten public and ten private HIV treatment centres from existing forty-six (46) public and forty (40) private ART facilities in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State. Public and private HIV treatment centres included in the study were all that had existed for 6 months, still functional and render HIV treatment to a minimum of 5 patients per week. Other treatment facilities that did not meet this criteria were excluded. The study tool was pretested in other HIV treatment centres that were not selected for the main study. The tool was validated by performing Cronbach’s alpha (α) using 24 items tool for measuring the structure and 10 items tool for measuring the process; hence 0.902 and 0.736 were obtained for structure and treatment process respectively. A semi-structured interviewer checklist was used to assess structures of the treatment centres and evaluate the treatment process. The assessment the structure and evaluation of HIV treatment process was completed in a period of eight (8) weeks. Data was entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21 in numeric codes and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Comparative analysis for public and private HIV treatment centres were done. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Port-Harcourt. Written permission from Rivers State Primary Health Management Board, Department of Planning, Research and Statistics (DPRS) and Rivers state Ministry of Health was obtained to cover the various health facilities used. Verbal permission/ consent were obtained from the directors of the private treatment centres. Result: A total of 20 facility assessment checklists were used to assess the public and private HIV treatment centres. The result indicated that public versus private structures of facilities had median scores of 11 versus 6.5 for utilities, 30.5 versus 22.5 for equipment, 24 versus 18.5 for commodities and the overall structural score of 65 versus 46. There was a statistically significant difference between the various structural domains and the health facility type: Utilities (5.60; p=0.02); Equipment (10.08; p=0.002); Commodities (6.27; p=0.01); Overall Structural scores (7.02; p=0.01). Also, (public versus private facilities) had median scores of (39 versus 34.5) with interquartil
{"title":"Comparative assessment of structures and treatment processes in public and private hiv treatment centres in port harcourt, rivers state","authors":"Neriton-Prefa Chisa Diana,, O. Maduka","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV treatment centres use the WHO standard policies and guidelines to conduct HIV testing services, and anti-retroviral treatment to people living with HIV. The purpose of the study was to assess and compare structures and treatment processes in public and private HIV treatment centres in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. \u0000Materials and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study carried out in both public and private HIV treatment centres in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The sample size of 10 public and 10 private HIV treatment centres were used for this study. A stratified sampling method was used to randomly select ten public and ten private HIV treatment centres from existing forty-six (46) public and forty (40) private ART facilities in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State. Public and private HIV treatment centres included in the study were all that had existed for 6 months, still functional and render HIV treatment to a minimum of 5 patients per week. Other treatment facilities that did not meet this criteria were excluded. The study tool was pretested in other HIV treatment centres that were not selected for the main study. The tool was validated by performing Cronbach’s alpha (α) using 24 items tool for measuring the structure and 10 items tool for measuring the process; hence 0.902 and 0.736 were obtained for structure and treatment process respectively. A semi-structured interviewer checklist was used to assess structures of the treatment centres and evaluate the treatment process. The assessment the structure and evaluation of HIV treatment process was completed in a period of eight (8) weeks. Data was entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21 in numeric codes and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Comparative analysis for public and private HIV treatment centres were done. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Port-Harcourt. Written permission from Rivers State Primary Health Management Board, Department of Planning, Research and Statistics (DPRS) and Rivers state Ministry of Health was obtained to cover the various health facilities used. Verbal permission/ consent were obtained from the directors of the private treatment centres. \u0000Result: A total of 20 facility assessment checklists were used to assess the public and private HIV treatment centres. The result indicated that public versus private structures of facilities had median scores of 11 versus 6.5 for utilities, 30.5 versus 22.5 for equipment, 24 versus 18.5 for commodities and the overall structural score of 65 versus 46. There was a statistically significant difference between the various structural domains and the health facility type: Utilities (5.60; p=0.02); Equipment (10.08; p=0.002); Commodities (6.27; p=0.01); Overall Structural scores (7.02; p=0.01). Also, (public versus private facilities) had median scores of (39 versus 34.5) with interquartil","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73658150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose This study explored the psychosocial determinants of teenage pregnancy among selected secondary school students in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. The Specific objectives were to determine the influence of parental-child relationship on teenage pregnancy, examine influence of attitude to sex on teenage pregnancy, determine influence of self-esteem on teenage pregnancy and ascertain the influence of peer influence on teenage pregnancy among selected secondary school students in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Four research questions and a hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. Method: The research design employed in the study is cross-sectional descriptive design. A total of 241 female senior secondary schools one and two (SSS I & SSS II) students of five (5) public secondary schools in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State were selected as sample of the study using simple and proportionate sampling techniques. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data collected were presented and analyzed using frequencies, percentages and descriptive statistics (Means []). The hypothesis was tested using Population t-test (t) analysis. Result The findings of the study revealed that parent-child relationship has a negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Attitude to sex has positive influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Self-esteem has positive influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Peer pressure has negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. There is a significant negative influence of peer influence on teenage pregnancy among female students in selected secondary schools in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State. Based on the results it was recommended that Parents should endeavour to strengthen relationships with their children as this will help them to discuss relevant issues relating to sexuality and reproductive health that will help prevent unwanted teenage pregnancy. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is a major public health and social problem worldwide. Poor parent-child relation and peer pressure have negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students while, self-esteem and attitude to sex have positive influence on teenage pregnancy
{"title":"Psychosocial determinant of teenage pregnancy among selected secondary school students in akamkpa local government area, cross river state, nigeria","authors":"A. Mathias, Agba, Affiong Mathias,, N. Blessing","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study explored the psychosocial determinants of teenage pregnancy among selected secondary school students in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. The Specific objectives were to determine the influence of parental-child relationship on teenage pregnancy, examine influence of attitude to sex on teenage pregnancy, determine influence of self-esteem on teenage pregnancy and ascertain the influence of peer influence on teenage pregnancy among selected secondary school students in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Four research questions and a hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. \u0000Method: The research design employed in the study is cross-sectional descriptive design. A total of 241 female senior secondary schools one and two (SSS I & SSS II) students of five (5) public secondary schools in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State were selected as sample of the study using simple and proportionate sampling techniques. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data collected were presented and analyzed using frequencies, percentages and descriptive statistics (Means []). The hypothesis was tested using Population t-test (t) analysis. \u0000Result The findings of the study revealed that parent-child relationship has a negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Attitude to sex has positive influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Self-esteem has positive influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Peer pressure has negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. There is a significant negative influence of peer influence on teenage pregnancy among female students in selected secondary schools in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State. Based on the results it was recommended that Parents should endeavour to strengthen relationships with their children as this will help them to discuss relevant issues relating to sexuality and reproductive health that will help prevent unwanted teenage pregnancy. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Teenage pregnancy is a major public health and social problem worldwide. Poor parent-child relation and peer pressure have negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students while, self-esteem and attitude to sex have positive influence on teenage pregnancy","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90396902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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