Lubis Sati, Shibdawa Muhammed Ahmed, Adamu Haruna, Dahiru Adamu Ajiya
The concentration of natural radionuclides in the soil around the world has become an environmental concern for international and national authorities because of the harmful effect of radiation exposure on human health. The samples of soil used for this study were collected from Foron and Heipang districts of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State. The samples were analyzed using Canberra Model 727/727R Lead Shield Gamma-ray Spectrometer with NaI(Ti) detector. The result shows that 40K ranges from 301.91 ± 0.24 Bq/kg to 124.97 ± 0.31 Bq/kg from the mining spot to 400 m away from the mining spots. 226Ra ranges from 105.43 ± 1.76 Bq/Kg to 43.10 ± 0.62 Bq/Kg from mining spots to 400 m away from the mining spots, and 232Th also ranges from 92.79 ± 0.26 Bq/kg to 26.97 ± 0.39 Bq/kg respectively. The absorbed dose rate in the air (Dr) has a mean value of 82.88 nGh-1. The annual effective dose rate (AEDR) mean value was 0.1mSvy-1, and the radium equivalent (Ra eq) mean value was 180.23 Bq/kg, Hex and Hin have mean values of 0.49 and 0.69 respectively. The calculated excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranges from 0.0003 to 0.00039 with a mean value of 0.00035 in the soil samples. Therefore, this result suggested that the area under study could be termed radiologically unsafe for people living around or close to the area.
{"title":"Assessment Of Radionuclides Concentration And Radiological Impact Of Abandoned Tin Mines Soils In Some Communities Of Barkin Ladi, Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"Lubis Sati, Shibdawa Muhammed Ahmed, Adamu Haruna, Dahiru Adamu Ajiya","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of natural radionuclides in the soil around the world has become an environmental concern for international and national authorities because of the harmful effect of radiation exposure on human health. The samples of soil used for this study were collected from Foron and Heipang districts of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State. The samples were analyzed using Canberra Model 727/727R Lead Shield Gamma-ray Spectrometer with NaI(Ti) detector. The result shows that 40K ranges from 301.91 ± 0.24 Bq/kg to 124.97 ± 0.31 Bq/kg from the mining spot to 400 m away from the mining spots. 226Ra ranges from 105.43 ± 1.76 Bq/Kg to 43.10 ± 0.62 Bq/Kg from mining spots to 400 m away from the mining spots, and 232Th also ranges from 92.79 ± 0.26 Bq/kg to 26.97 ± 0.39 Bq/kg respectively. The absorbed dose rate in the air (Dr) has a mean value of 82.88 nGh-1. The annual effective dose rate (AEDR) mean value was 0.1mSvy-1, and the radium equivalent (Ra eq) mean value was 180.23 Bq/kg, Hex and Hin have mean values of 0.49 and 0.69 respectively. The calculated excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranges from 0.0003 to 0.00039 with a mean value of 0.00035 in the soil samples. Therefore, this result suggested that the area under study could be termed radiologically unsafe for people living around or close to the area. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Austin D Amoako, Seth Y Ahiabor, E. Adzim, I. Adjokatse, Prosper Adiku, J. Machator, F. Amofa, Forgive Awo Norvivor
The study evaluated liquid waste management in the Hohoe Township in the Hohoe Municipality in the Volta Region of Ghana. Knowledge level of the respondents on liquid waste management as well as health effects of poor liquid waste management were addressed in detail. The study was also geared towards the improvement of liquid waste management and disposal at the community and household levels by way of encouraging modern system of disposal and treatment facilities as well as providing awareness about existing disposal systems in the area. The significance of the study was to create awareness in Hohoe township on the relationship between liquid waste and disease associated with its poor management. The targeted premises of one hundred (100) respondents were selected in the study area by which simple and accidental sampling procedures were used based on the views and comments of the respondents. Results from the study indicates that majority of respondents 87(87%) confirmed that, the latrines are not regularly dislodged while 13(13%) of the respondents stated that the latrines are dislodged regularly whiles majority of the responds (55%) dispose domestic liquid waste on to the ground to avoid dust. It was concluded that environmental sanitation management is not only about solid and hazardous waste management but requires Integrated Waste Management approach. Individual households and the Environmental and Heath department of the Hohoe municipal Assemble must pay attention to the management of liquid waste in the municipality. The study revealed lack of commitment in dealing with the problem including the introduction of scientific and engineered methods of liquid waste disposal.
{"title":"Evaluation Of Domestic Liquid Waste Management System In The Volta Region Of Ghana. (A Case Study Of Hohoe Township)","authors":"Austin D Amoako, Seth Y Ahiabor, E. Adzim, I. Adjokatse, Prosper Adiku, J. Machator, F. Amofa, Forgive Awo Norvivor","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated liquid waste management in the Hohoe Township in the Hohoe Municipality in the Volta Region of Ghana. Knowledge level of the respondents on liquid waste management as well as health effects of poor liquid waste management were addressed in detail. The study was also geared towards the improvement of liquid waste management and disposal at the community and household levels by way of encouraging modern system of disposal and treatment facilities as well as providing awareness about existing disposal systems in the area. The significance of the study was to create awareness in Hohoe township on the relationship between liquid waste and disease associated with its poor management. The targeted premises of one hundred (100) respondents were selected in the study area by which simple and accidental sampling procedures were used based on the views and comments of the respondents. Results from the study indicates that majority of respondents 87(87%) confirmed that, the latrines are not regularly dislodged while 13(13%) of the respondents stated that the latrines are dislodged regularly whiles majority of the responds (55%) dispose domestic liquid waste on to the ground to avoid dust. It was concluded that environmental sanitation management is not only about solid and hazardous waste management but requires Integrated Waste Management approach. Individual households and the Environmental and Heath department of the Hohoe municipal Assemble must pay attention to the management of liquid waste in the municipality. The study revealed lack of commitment in dealing with the problem including the introduction of scientific and engineered methods of liquid waste disposal.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Princewill Chigoziri Chikwe, Obiageli Fidelia Emelumadu, Christian C Ibeh, Nkiru Nwamaka Ezeama, Grace Nandi Kuyahar
Improper sewage and solid waste disposal lead to environmental pollution and increased risk of communicable diseases. This study compared the sanitation and solid waste disposal facilities utilized in selected rural and urban local government areas of Anambra State, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1310 households and data was collected from household heads or a designated adult representative using of quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (KII) data collection methods. The independent variables in this study are the sociodemographic variables and the geographical location of the respondents while the dependent variables are the toilet facilities and solid waste disposal methods. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using the SPSS version 23 and the hypotheses were tested with the inferential statistics of Chi square at 0.05 level of significance. Most respondents lie between the age group of 31-50 years. Most of the respondents in both the urban (84.4%) and rural(65.0%) areas had secondary education and above but a higher proportion in the urban compared to rural have tertiary education(41.9% versus 22.1%). The difference in educational status was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). There were more business men (46.6%) and civil servants (38.8%) in the urban area than the rural area. Most rural respondents were farmers(41.5%). Many urban household use toilet with sewer connection 152(11.7%) while pit latrine with slab is the most commonly used toilet facility 242 (18.6%). Burning was more commonly used by the rural households (n = 266, 20.5%). Open dumping of refuse and disposal into gullies and water ways were commonly done by the urban households. The gaps that exist between rural and urban areas of Anambra state may present serious health risk and environmental degradation .This issues can be addressed through health education, building more sanitary infrastructure to include the rural areas and enforcing sanitation laws.
{"title":"Comparison Of Sewage And Solid Waste Disposal Methods Among Households In Urban And Rural Local Government Areas Of Anambra State","authors":"Princewill Chigoziri Chikwe, Obiageli Fidelia Emelumadu, Christian C Ibeh, Nkiru Nwamaka Ezeama, Grace Nandi Kuyahar","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Improper sewage and solid waste disposal lead to environmental pollution and increased risk of communicable diseases. This study compared the sanitation and solid waste disposal facilities utilized in selected rural and urban local government areas of Anambra State, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1310 households and data was collected from household heads or a designated adult representative using of quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (KII) data collection methods. The independent variables in this study are the sociodemographic variables and the geographical location of the respondents while the dependent variables are the toilet facilities and solid waste disposal methods. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using the SPSS version 23 and the hypotheses were tested with the inferential statistics of Chi square at 0.05 level of significance. Most respondents lie between the age group of 31-50 years. Most of the respondents in both the urban (84.4%) and rural(65.0%) areas had secondary education and above but a higher proportion in the urban compared to rural have tertiary education(41.9% versus 22.1%). The difference in educational status was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). There were more business men (46.6%) and civil servants (38.8%) in the urban area than the rural area. Most rural respondents were farmers(41.5%). Many urban household use toilet with sewer connection 152(11.7%) while pit latrine with slab is the most commonly used toilet facility 242 (18.6%). Burning was more commonly used by the rural households (n = 266, 20.5%). Open dumping of refuse and disposal into gullies and water ways were commonly done by the urban households. The gaps that exist between rural and urban areas of Anambra state may present serious health risk and environmental degradation .This issues can be addressed through health education, building more sanitary infrastructure to include the rural areas and enforcing sanitation laws.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nseobong Godwin Akpan, Ofonime Mark Ogba, Anthony John Umoyen, Aniekan-Augusta Okon Eyo, Ubong Ekerenam Etang, Robinson Dodoru Tuemi, Anietie Effiong Moses
Hematological abnormalities are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality among HIV infection. This study was aimed to determine hematological indices, abnormalities and the immune status of HIV/AIDS subjects having opportunistic pulmonary mycoses in Uyo, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was adopted using 230 subjects with pulmonary symptoms attending the Anti-retroviral clinics in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital and Saint Luke’s Hosipital, Anua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The hematological parameters and CD4 counts was determined using blood and sputum was used for mycological examinations. Data was analysed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and was significant at p = 0.05. HIV subjects were more prevalent in female 98(68.89%) than male 56(31.11%). The most commonest fungi was Aspergillus niger (44.76%) and the least was Cryptococcus species (9.00%). The common hematological abnormality was anaemia with 86(86.9%), lymphopenia 33(33.3%) and thrombocytopenia 3(3.0%) among HIV/AIDS subjects with mycoses. The mean CD4 counts was 396.5±31.61 cells/µl (HIV) and 981.7±17.51 cells/µl (control individual). The CD4 counts below 200 cells/μl was observed in 19.4%(35) of AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS subjects with mycoses may develop hematological abnormalities such as anaemia, neutropenia and leucopenia due to low immune status.
{"title":"Hematological Profile Of Hiv/Aids Individuals With Opportunistic Respiratory Mycoses And Immune Status: A Cross Sectional Study In Uyo Nigeria","authors":"Nseobong Godwin Akpan, Ofonime Mark Ogba, Anthony John Umoyen, Aniekan-Augusta Okon Eyo, Ubong Ekerenam Etang, Robinson Dodoru Tuemi, Anietie Effiong Moses","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Hematological abnormalities are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality among HIV infection. This study was aimed to determine hematological indices, abnormalities and the immune status of HIV/AIDS subjects having opportunistic pulmonary mycoses in Uyo, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was adopted using 230 subjects with pulmonary symptoms attending the Anti-retroviral clinics in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital and Saint Luke’s Hosipital, Anua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The hematological parameters and CD4 counts was determined using blood and sputum was used for mycological examinations. Data was analysed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and was significant at p = 0.05. HIV subjects were more prevalent in female 98(68.89%) than male 56(31.11%). The most commonest fungi was Aspergillus niger (44.76%) and the least was Cryptococcus species (9.00%). The common hematological abnormality was anaemia with 86(86.9%), lymphopenia 33(33.3%) and thrombocytopenia 3(3.0%) among HIV/AIDS subjects with mycoses. The mean CD4 counts was 396.5±31.61 cells/µl (HIV) and 981.7±17.51 cells/µl (control individual). The CD4 counts below 200 cells/μl was observed in 19.4%(35) of AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS subjects with mycoses may develop hematological abnormalities such as anaemia, neutropenia and leucopenia due to low immune status.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. E Eworo, N. A Ntamu, U. A Fabian, C. C Thomas, M. C Nsonwu, O. U Egom, R. U Basake, A. R Essien, I. M Ekam-Ukere, A. C Nsonwu-Anyanwu
The performance of non-invasive models in the diagnosis and prediction of liver fibrosis have not been evaluated in all populations. This study evaluated the accuracy of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelets ratio index (GPRI), and S-index in the diagnosis and prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBV). Fifty patients with CHBV and 40 control were recruited into this case-control study. Albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and platelet count (PLT) were determined by colorimetric methods and Sysmex XS-10000 haematology automated analyzer respectively. GPRI and S-index were computed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation and ROC curve at p<0.05. ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, GPRI and S-Index were higher (p<0.05), while ALB was lower (p<0.05) in patients with liver fibrosis (LF), compared to patients with CHBV. ALP, GGT, GPRI and S-index were higher (p<0.05), while ALB and PLT were lower (p<0.05) in patients with CHBV compared to the controls. ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, GPRI and S-index were higher (p<0.05), while ALB was lower (p=0.000) in patients with LF compared to the controls. The area under the curve (AUROC) for S-index and GPRI were (AUC=0.835, P=0.000), GPRI (AUC=0.778, P=0.003). This study shows that both S-index and GPRI are good test instruments for evaluating liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. S-index was a better marker than GPRI for predicting liver fibrosis.
{"title":"Evaluation Of The Diagnostic And Predictive Performance Of Non-Invasive Models For Assessing Liver Fibrosis In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection","authors":"R. E Eworo, N. A Ntamu, U. A Fabian, C. C Thomas, M. C Nsonwu, O. U Egom, R. U Basake, A. R Essien, I. M Ekam-Ukere, A. C Nsonwu-Anyanwu","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of non-invasive models in the diagnosis and prediction of liver fibrosis have not been evaluated in all populations. This study evaluated the accuracy of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelets ratio index (GPRI), and S-index in the diagnosis and prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBV). Fifty patients with CHBV and 40 control were recruited into this case-control study. Albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and platelet count (PLT) were determined by colorimetric methods and Sysmex XS-10000 haematology automated analyzer respectively. GPRI and S-index were computed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation and ROC curve at p<0.05. ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, GPRI and S-Index were higher (p<0.05), while ALB was lower (p<0.05) in patients with liver fibrosis (LF), compared to patients with CHBV. ALP, GGT, GPRI and S-index were higher (p<0.05), while ALB and PLT were lower (p<0.05) in patients with CHBV compared to the controls. ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, GPRI and S-index were higher (p<0.05), while ALB was lower (p=0.000) in patients with LF compared to the controls. The area under the curve (AUROC) for S-index and GPRI were (AUC=0.835, P=0.000), GPRI (AUC=0.778, P=0.003). This study shows that both S-index and GPRI are good test instruments for evaluating liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. S-index was a better marker than GPRI for predicting liver fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. E Eworo, U. A Fabian, N. A Ntamu, C. C Thomas, U. O Egom, M. C Nsonwu, R. U Basake, A. R Essien, I. M Ekam-Ukere, A. C Nsonwu-Anyanwu
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and lipopolysaccharide-mediated immune response has been linked with pathogenesis of complications and liver injuries in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), serum protein, platelet count (PLT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), and the performance of non-invasive models globulin to-platelet index (GPI), C-reactive protein to-albumin ratio (CAR), and aspartate to-platelet ratio index (APRI) in assessing fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBV) were assessed in this case-control study. The study enrolled 60 subjects with CHBV and 40 healthy controls. Platelet count was determined by a 5 parts Sysmex XS-1000 haematology automated analyzer, lipopolysaccharide was determined by sandwich-ELISA method, CRP was determined by latex Reagent agglutination method, AST, ALB, TP, were determined by commercial colorimetric methods, C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR), globulin-platelet index (GPI), aspartate-platelet ratio index (APRI), were computed. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance, Pearson’s and DeLong’s test to compare the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the noninvasive markers, at α=0.05. Subjects with liver fibrosis (LF) had significantly higher LPS, CRP, AST, GLO, CAR, GPI and APRI and lower PLT, ALB, when compared with CHBV and control subjects. Log10 CAR correlated positively with Log10 GPI r= 0.464, P=0.000) respectively, CRP correlated positively with LPS and negatively with PLT (r=0.626, P=0.000 and r= -0.393, P=0.002) respectively, in the test subjects. The area under the curve for GPI, CAR and APRI were 0.923, 0.940, and 1.000 respectively. This study has shown that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and LPS-mediated immune activation may underlie the pathogenesis of liver damage in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus. The GPI, CAR and APRI models are good test instruments in predicting significant fibrosis and their use may represent simple and low-cost options in assessing liver injury in patients where FibroScan, transient elastography or liver biopsy is not accessible.
{"title":"Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Immunological Response And The Performance Of Non-Invasive Models For Assessing Liver Fibrosis In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus","authors":"R. E Eworo, U. A Fabian, N. A Ntamu, C. C Thomas, U. O Egom, M. C Nsonwu, R. U Basake, A. R Essien, I. M Ekam-Ukere, A. C Nsonwu-Anyanwu","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis and lipopolysaccharide-mediated immune response has been linked with pathogenesis of complications and liver injuries in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), serum protein, platelet count (PLT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), and the performance of non-invasive models globulin to-platelet index (GPI), C-reactive protein to-albumin ratio (CAR), and aspartate to-platelet ratio index (APRI) in assessing fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBV) were assessed in this case-control study. The study enrolled 60 subjects with CHBV and 40 healthy controls. Platelet count was determined by a 5 parts Sysmex XS-1000 haematology automated analyzer, lipopolysaccharide was determined by sandwich-ELISA method, CRP was determined by latex Reagent agglutination method, AST, ALB, TP, were determined by commercial colorimetric methods, C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR), globulin-platelet index (GPI), aspartate-platelet ratio index (APRI), were computed. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance, Pearson’s and DeLong’s test to compare the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the noninvasive markers, at α=0.05. Subjects with liver fibrosis (LF) had significantly higher LPS, CRP, AST, GLO, CAR, GPI and APRI and lower PLT, ALB, when compared with CHBV and control subjects. Log10 CAR correlated positively with Log10 GPI r= 0.464, P=0.000) respectively, CRP correlated positively with LPS and negatively with PLT (r=0.626, P=0.000 and r= -0.393, P=0.002) respectively, in the test subjects. The area under the curve for GPI, CAR and APRI were 0.923, 0.940, and 1.000 respectively. This study has shown that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and LPS-mediated immune activation may underlie the pathogenesis of liver damage in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus. The GPI, CAR and APRI models are good test instruments in predicting significant fibrosis and their use may represent simple and low-cost options in assessing liver injury in patients where FibroScan, transient elastography or liver biopsy is not accessible.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Points Of Emphasis In Nigerian Geology And The Outstanding Contributions By Professor Anthony Chukwuma Onyeagocha (1942-1987)","authors":"Barth N Ekwueme","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"A TRIBUTE TO PROF. ANTHONY C. ONYEAGOCHA
 
","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review explores the ecological implications of bacterial degradation of alkanes in petroleum-contaminated environments, with a focus on microbial community dynamics and functional interactions. The complex interplay between alkane-degrading bacteria and other microorganisms shapes the fate and behavior of petroleum hydrocarbons, influencing ecosystem functioning and stability. The microbial community structure in petroleum-contaminated environments is characterized by a diverse assemblage of alkane-degrading bacteria (Such as Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp). These bacteria exhibit varying abilities to degrade different hydrocarbon fractions, leading to distinct patterns in community composition. Factors such as hydrocarbon concentration, environmental conditions, and the presence of co-contaminants influence the abundance and distribution of alkane-degrading taxa, shaping the microbial community dynamics. Functional interactions among alkane-degrading bacteria are essential for efficient degradation processes. Synergistic interactions and metabolic cooperation between different microbial species enhance the degradation capabilities of the community as a whole. Co-metabolism and cross-feeding relationships among bacteria enable the degradation of complex hydrocarbon mixtures. Furthermore, non-degrading microorganisms contribute to the overall alkane degradation process by providing essential metabolic intermediates or modulating environmental conditions. The presence of alkane-degrading bacteria affects the diversity and abundance of other microbial communities, leading to cascading effects on the broader ecosystem. Molecular tools, such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics, have advanced our understanding of microbial community structure and function. This review provides valuable insights into the ecological implications of bacterial degradation of alkanes in petroleum-contaminated environments. It highlights the importance of microbial community dynamics and functional interactions in shaping the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons and emphasizes the potential of harnessing these interactions for effective bioremediation strategies. Further research is needed to unravel the complex ecological networks involved in alkane degradation and to develop innovative approaches for sustainable environmental management.
{"title":"Ecological Implications Of Bacterial Degradation Of Alkanes In Petroleum-Contaminated Environments: A Review Of Microbial Community Dynamics And Functional Interactions","authors":"Adetitun D O, Tomilayo R B","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"
 This review explores the ecological implications of bacterial degradation of alkanes in petroleum-contaminated environments, with a focus on microbial community dynamics and functional interactions. The complex interplay between alkane-degrading bacteria and other microorganisms shapes the fate and behavior of petroleum hydrocarbons, influencing ecosystem functioning and stability. The microbial community structure in petroleum-contaminated environments is characterized by a diverse assemblage of alkane-degrading bacteria (Such as Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp). These bacteria exhibit varying abilities to degrade different hydrocarbon fractions, leading to distinct patterns in community composition. Factors such as hydrocarbon concentration, environmental conditions, and the presence of co-contaminants influence the abundance and distribution of alkane-degrading taxa, shaping the microbial community dynamics. Functional interactions among alkane-degrading bacteria are essential for efficient degradation processes. Synergistic interactions and metabolic cooperation between different microbial species enhance the degradation capabilities of the community as a whole. Co-metabolism and cross-feeding relationships among bacteria enable the degradation of complex hydrocarbon mixtures. Furthermore, non-degrading microorganisms contribute to the overall alkane degradation process by providing essential metabolic intermediates or modulating environmental conditions. The presence of alkane-degrading bacteria affects the diversity and abundance of other microbial communities, leading to cascading effects on the broader ecosystem. Molecular tools, such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics, have advanced our understanding of microbial community structure and function. This review provides valuable insights into the ecological implications of bacterial degradation of alkanes in petroleum-contaminated environments. It highlights the importance of microbial community dynamics and functional interactions in shaping the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons and emphasizes the potential of harnessing these interactions for effective bioremediation strategies. Further research is needed to unravel the complex ecological networks involved in alkane degradation and to develop innovative approaches for sustainable environmental management.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality world-wide. Ischemic stroke is reversible when patients present early. With the current treatment guideline in Nigeria, most ischemic stroke patients present after the 4.5 hours treatment “time window” and are ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). However, studies with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have shown variability in the duration of tissue viability, with some remaining viable up to 24 hours and beyond. These advanced imaging are not readily available in the sub-Saharan Africa but the X-ray attenuation ratio of hypoattenuating lesions on the easily accessible nonenhanced computed tomography (NECT), have recently shown to be a valuable alternative. In late presentation, IVT and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) have proven to have reasonable degree of success in recanalization. Hence, the need for the study.
Materials and method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of ischemic stroke patients who presented between 4.5 and 24 hours for NECT. The extent of the ischemia was determined using the Alberta stroke programme early CT score (ASPECTS), while the Hounsfield unit ratio of the hypodense lesions was used to determine tissue viability.
Results: Fifty-five patients met the inclusion criteria and had a mean age of 58.8 years. Four (7.27%) patients clearly had ASPECTS and Hounsfield unit ratio (HUr) scores suggestive of salvageable penumbral tissue, while another four (7.27%) had the probability of being reversible.
Conclusion: Some patients were still eligible for treatment after the current guideline’s 4.5 hours treatment “time window” using the ASPECTS and HUr scores on NECT.
{"title":"Nonenhanced Computed Tomography Evaluation Of Ischemic Stroke Patients Presenting After 4.5 Hours From Onset Of Symptoms Using Aspects, Posterior Circulation-Aspects And X-Ray Attenuation Ratio: The “Tissue Window”","authors":"Akintunde Olusijibomi Akintomide, Samuel Archibong Efanga, Affiong Ifiop Ngaji, Simone Izuchukwu Ozomma, Samson Omini Paulinus","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality world-wide. Ischemic stroke is reversible when patients present early. With the current treatment guideline in Nigeria, most ischemic stroke patients present after the 4.5 hours treatment “time window” and are ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). However, studies with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have shown variability in the duration of tissue viability, with some remaining viable up to 24 hours and beyond. These advanced imaging are not readily available in the sub-Saharan Africa but the X-ray attenuation ratio of hypoattenuating lesions on the easily accessible nonenhanced computed tomography (NECT), have recently shown to be a valuable alternative. In late presentation, IVT and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) have proven to have reasonable degree of success in recanalization. Hence, the need for the study.
 Materials and method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of ischemic stroke patients who presented between 4.5 and 24 hours for NECT. The extent of the ischemia was determined using the Alberta stroke programme early CT score (ASPECTS), while the Hounsfield unit ratio of the hypodense lesions was used to determine tissue viability.
 Results: Fifty-five patients met the inclusion criteria and had a mean age of 58.8 years. Four (7.27%) patients clearly had ASPECTS and Hounsfield unit ratio (HUr) scores suggestive of salvageable penumbral tissue, while another four (7.27%) had the probability of being reversible.
 Conclusion: Some patients were still eligible for treatment after the current guideline’s 4.5 hours treatment “time window” using the ASPECTS and HUr scores on NECT.
 
","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osuchukwu E C, Chukwudi J A, Agba M, Anieche J E, Ubochi N, Asuquo E F, John Ita
The discovery of vaccine against Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID – 19) was considered a breakthrough in the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Health professionals as frontline managers of COVID -19 patients were prioritized for vaccination as they were more at risk of the infection and transmission. However, past experience on vaccine production and knowledge of vaccine may influence their perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine due to some misconceptions surrounding its production and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, perception and uptake of COVID - 19 vaccine among health professionals in Cross River State. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted to study a sample of 344 health professionals including nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and laboratory scientists working in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. The participants were selected to complete the survey using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through a validated and reliable questionnaire structured by the researchers. Using software from the Statistical Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23) collected data were analysed, while the association between variables was achieved using Chi-square test of association at a 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that majority 256 (74.4%) of the participants had good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccine, while majority 214 (62.2%) had good perception of Covid-19 vaccine, and slightly above half, 196 (57.0%) of the participants had been vaccinated against COVID-19. There is a significant association between; knowledge and uptake of Covid-19 vaccine (Cal = 42.563; p=.000), as well as perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine (Cal = 28.204; p=.000) among the participants. The demographic variables significantly associated with uptake of COVID-19 vaccines were; age, marital status, religion, ethnicity, profession, income per month, and years of work experience (p<0.05). However, the proportion of the healthcare professionals in the hospital that have not been vaccinated was relatively high and the associated variables with uptake of the vaccine emphasize the need for intervention that would address the unique concern of each group within the healthcare professionals.
{"title":"Covid 19 Vaccination Perceptions And Uptake Among Health Professionals In Cross River State","authors":"Osuchukwu E C, Chukwudi J A, Agba M, Anieche J E, Ubochi N, Asuquo E F, John Ita","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of vaccine against Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID – 19) was considered a breakthrough in the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Health professionals as frontline managers of COVID -19 patients were prioritized for vaccination as they were more at risk of the infection and transmission. However, past experience on vaccine production and knowledge of vaccine may influence their perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine due to some misconceptions surrounding its production and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, perception and uptake of COVID - 19 vaccine among health professionals in Cross River State. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted to study a sample of 344 health professionals including nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and laboratory scientists working in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. The participants were selected to complete the survey using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through a validated and reliable questionnaire structured by the researchers. Using software from the Statistical Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23) collected data were analysed, while the association between variables was achieved using Chi-square test of association at a 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that majority 256 (74.4%) of the participants had good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccine, while majority 214 (62.2%) had good perception of Covid-19 vaccine, and slightly above half, 196 (57.0%) of the participants had been vaccinated against COVID-19. There is a significant association between; knowledge and uptake of Covid-19 vaccine (Cal = 42.563; p=.000), as well as perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine (Cal = 28.204; p=.000) among the participants. The demographic variables significantly associated with uptake of COVID-19 vaccines were; age, marital status, religion, ethnicity, profession, income per month, and years of work experience (p<0.05). However, the proportion of the healthcare professionals in the hospital that have not been vaccinated was relatively high and the associated variables with uptake of the vaccine emphasize the need for intervention that would address the unique concern of each group within the healthcare professionals.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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