Osuchukwu E C, Chukwudi J A, Agba M, Anieche J E, Ubochi N, Asuquo E F, John Ita
The discovery of vaccine against Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID – 19) was considered a breakthrough in the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Health professionals as frontline managers of COVID -19 patients were prioritized for vaccination as they were more at risk of the infection and transmission. However, past experience on vaccine production and knowledge of vaccine may influence their perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine due to some misconceptions surrounding its production and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, perception and uptake of COVID - 19 vaccine among health professionals in Cross River State. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted to study a sample of 344 health professionals including nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and laboratory scientists working in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. The participants were selected to complete the survey using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through a validated and reliable questionnaire structured by the researchers. Using software from the Statistical Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23) collected data were analysed, while the association between variables was achieved using Chi-square test of association at a 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that majority 256 (74.4%) of the participants had good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccine, while majority 214 (62.2%) had good perception of Covid-19 vaccine, and slightly above half, 196 (57.0%) of the participants had been vaccinated against COVID-19. There is a significant association between; knowledge and uptake of Covid-19 vaccine (Cal = 42.563; p=.000), as well as perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine (Cal = 28.204; p=.000) among the participants. The demographic variables significantly associated with uptake of COVID-19 vaccines were; age, marital status, religion, ethnicity, profession, income per month, and years of work experience (p<0.05). However, the proportion of the healthcare professionals in the hospital that have not been vaccinated was relatively high and the associated variables with uptake of the vaccine emphasize the need for intervention that would address the unique concern of each group within the healthcare professionals.
{"title":"Covid 19 Vaccination Perceptions And Uptake Among Health Professionals In Cross River State","authors":"Osuchukwu E C, Chukwudi J A, Agba M, Anieche J E, Ubochi N, Asuquo E F, John Ita","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of vaccine against Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID – 19) was considered a breakthrough in the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Health professionals as frontline managers of COVID -19 patients were prioritized for vaccination as they were more at risk of the infection and transmission. However, past experience on vaccine production and knowledge of vaccine may influence their perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine due to some misconceptions surrounding its production and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, perception and uptake of COVID - 19 vaccine among health professionals in Cross River State. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted to study a sample of 344 health professionals including nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and laboratory scientists working in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. The participants were selected to complete the survey using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through a validated and reliable questionnaire structured by the researchers. Using software from the Statistical Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23) collected data were analysed, while the association between variables was achieved using Chi-square test of association at a 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that majority 256 (74.4%) of the participants had good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccine, while majority 214 (62.2%) had good perception of Covid-19 vaccine, and slightly above half, 196 (57.0%) of the participants had been vaccinated against COVID-19. There is a significant association between; knowledge and uptake of Covid-19 vaccine (Cal = 42.563; p=.000), as well as perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine (Cal = 28.204; p=.000) among the participants. The demographic variables significantly associated with uptake of COVID-19 vaccines were; age, marital status, religion, ethnicity, profession, income per month, and years of work experience (p<0.05). However, the proportion of the healthcare professionals in the hospital that have not been vaccinated was relatively high and the associated variables with uptake of the vaccine emphasize the need for intervention that would address the unique concern of each group within the healthcare professionals.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ehouman A D, Bamba A, Kouadio Y V, Kalifa M, Kouakou A R, Bamba K, Niamien P M, Yao B
The objective of this work is to study the effect of synergy between halide ions (Cl-, Br- and I-) and piroxicam which is a drug molecule with anti-inflammatory properties proposed as a corrosion inhibitor copper in nitric acid medium using the gravimetric method. The experimental results show that the inhibitory efficiency increases considerably with the addition of halide ions on piroxicam. The observed inhibitory efficiency reaches more than 94 % in nitric acid medium (1 M) with the addition of iodide ions to piroxicam at 323 K. The presence of I- ions considerably improves efficiency compared to Br- and Cl- ions. So the classification of the halide ions studied, in the sense of those which could help to improve the inhibitory efficacy of piroxicam is I- > Br- > Cl-, which confirms previous studies.
{"title":"Evaluation Of The Synergy Effect Of Some Halide Ions In The Inhibition Of Copper Corrosion In A Hno3 Environment In The Presence Of Piroxicam.","authors":"Ehouman A D, Bamba A, Kouadio Y V, Kalifa M, Kouakou A R, Bamba K, Niamien P M, Yao B","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to study the effect of synergy between halide ions (Cl-, Br- and I-) and piroxicam which is a drug molecule with anti-inflammatory properties proposed as a corrosion inhibitor copper in nitric acid medium using the gravimetric method. The experimental results show that the inhibitory efficiency increases considerably with the addition of halide ions on piroxicam. The observed inhibitory efficiency reaches more than 94 % in nitric acid medium (1 M) with the addition of iodide ions to piroxicam at 323 K. The presence of I- ions considerably improves efficiency compared to Br- and Cl- ions. So the classification of the halide ions studied, in the sense of those which could help to improve the inhibitory efficacy of piroxicam is I- > Br- > Cl-, which confirms previous studies.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eremi Emmanuel Ohara, Okoi Kennedy Obu, Ogar Patrick Ogar
The study focused on mass media perception and utilization for accessing agricultural information among farmers in Ogoja agricultural zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study specifically identified agricultural information needs of the farmers, ascertained the mass media available in the area, determined the extent of utilization of mass media by farmers, and established the relationship between mass media perception and utilization by farmers in the area. The study was conducted in Ogoja agricultural zone, the population consisted of all the registered farmers in the area, and the 3 extension blocks used, namely Ogoja, Obudu and Yala were randomly selected. The sample comprised 200 randomly selected respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using percentages, mean, standard deviation, ranking and chi square statistics. The results revealed that farmers needs information on herbicides/pesticides (ranked = 1st), transportation (ranked = 2nd) and credit facilities (ranked = 3rd) etc. The predominant mass media available were mobile phone (ranked = 1st), television (ranked 2nd) and radio (ranked = 3rd) were the most extensively utilized in the area. The study found a significant relationship between mass media perception and utilization by the farmers. A comprehensive internet network coverage in the area and ICT training were recommended among others, to enhance mass media utilization.
{"title":"Mass Media Perception And Utilization For Accessing Agricultural Information Among Farmers In Ogoja Agricultural Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"Eremi Emmanuel Ohara, Okoi Kennedy Obu, Ogar Patrick Ogar","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study focused on mass media perception and utilization for accessing agricultural information among farmers in Ogoja agricultural zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study specifically identified agricultural information needs of the farmers, ascertained the mass media available in the area, determined the extent of utilization of mass media by farmers, and established the relationship between mass media perception and utilization by farmers in the area. The study was conducted in Ogoja agricultural zone, the population consisted of all the registered farmers in the area, and the 3 extension blocks used, namely Ogoja, Obudu and Yala were randomly selected. The sample comprised 200 randomly selected respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using percentages, mean, standard deviation, ranking and chi square statistics. The results revealed that farmers needs information on herbicides/pesticides (ranked = 1st), transportation (ranked = 2nd) and credit facilities (ranked = 3rd) etc. The predominant mass media available were mobile phone (ranked = 1st), television (ranked 2nd) and radio (ranked = 3rd) were the most extensively utilized in the area. The study found a significant relationship between mass media perception and utilization by the farmers. A comprehensive internet network coverage in the area and ICT training were recommended among others, to enhance mass media utilization.
","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Continuous use of synthetic insecticides and its toxicity problems coupled with the incidence of insect resistance calls for the need for alternative insecticide. Plants extracts a rich source of bioactive compounds can provide an alternative source of insecticide which are ecofriendly. The research evaluated the phytochemical active ingredients present in organic solvent extracts and larvicidal effect of some selected plants from Taraba state against Anopheles larvae. World Health Organisation protocol was adopted for the larvicidal bioassay. Twenty group of fourth instar Anopheles larvae were exposed to various concentrations of 200,400,600 and 800ppm, mortality was observed and recorded after 24 hours. The results of preliminary qualitative phytochemical analyses of tested plants revealed the presence of some secondary metabolite that may be responsible for the bio control potentials. Acetone extract of Hyptis suaveoleons against the fourth instant anopheles larval was observed to have the highest percentage mortality among the entire plants extracts than the aqueous. The lowest mortality was observed at 200ppm with 35.0% while the maximum was at 800ppm with 80.0%. Lc50 and Lc90 values were achieved at 438 and 866ppm with the LCL -UCL 340-540 and 722-1151 respectively. While the biological activity of Hyptis suaveolence aqueous extract had its lowest mortality at 200ppm with 36.67% while the maximum was at 800ppm with 80.0%. Lc50 and Lc90 values were achieved at 582 and 1225ppm with the LCL -UCL 449-806 and 942-2636 respectively. Ancova results showed no significance difference at p>0.05 among the mean percentage mortality of the treated doses.
{"title":"Evaluation Of Phytochemical Active Ingredients Present In Organic Solvent Extracts And Larvicidal Properties Of Some Selected Plants From Taraba State Against Anopheles Larvae","authors":"Pukuma M S, Bobbo A A, Qadeer M A, Rufai A","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Continuous use of synthetic insecticides and its toxicity problems coupled with the incidence of insect resistance calls for the need for alternative insecticide. Plants extracts a rich source of bioactive compounds can provide an alternative source of insecticide which are ecofriendly. The research evaluated the phytochemical active ingredients present in organic solvent extracts and larvicidal effect of some selected plants from Taraba state against Anopheles larvae. World Health Organisation protocol was adopted for the larvicidal bioassay. Twenty group of fourth instar Anopheles larvae were exposed to various concentrations of 200,400,600 and 800ppm, mortality was observed and recorded after 24 hours. The results of preliminary qualitative phytochemical analyses of tested plants revealed the presence of some secondary metabolite that may be responsible for the bio control potentials. Acetone extract of Hyptis suaveoleons against the fourth instant anopheles larval was observed to have the highest percentage mortality among the entire plants extracts than the aqueous. The lowest mortality was observed at 200ppm with 35.0% while the maximum was at 800ppm with 80.0%. Lc50 and Lc90 values were achieved at 438 and 866ppm with the LCL -UCL 340-540 and 722-1151 respectively. While the biological activity of Hyptis suaveolence aqueous extract had its lowest mortality at 200ppm with 36.67% while the maximum was at 800ppm with 80.0%. Lc50 and Lc90 values were achieved at 582 and 1225ppm with the LCL -UCL 449-806 and 942-2636 respectively. Ancova results showed no significance difference at p>0.05 among the mean percentage mortality of the treated doses.
","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eremi Emmanuel Ohara, Ogar Patrick Ogar, Okoi Kennedy Obu
The study examined the perceived effect of vegetable farming on the socio-economic well-being of urban households in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; describe the socio-economic characteristics of vegetable farmers, ascertain the types of vegetables cultivated in the area, and determine the perceived effect of vegetable farming on the socio-economic well-being of urban households. The study was carried out in Calabar Metropolis using a survey research design. The population consisted of all registered vegetable farmers in the area, while the sample comprised 400 vegetable farmers selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation and ranking. The results revealed that 78.75% of the vegetable farmers were women, 65% were married and 49.75% of the farmers were 41years and above. It was also found that pumpkin (Cucurbita spp) (96.75%), waterleaf (Amaranthus spp) (87.25%), amaranthus (Talinum fruticosum) (53.5%) and afang/editan/atama (Gnetum africanum/Lasianthera Africana/Heinsia crinita) (50%) were the predominant vegetables cultivated in the area. The results further showed that vegetable farming brings additional income to farmers (ranked = 1st), enable them to take care of medical bills (ranked = 2nd) and enhance food supply (ranked = 3rd) etc. It was recommended that special land allocation for vegetable cultivation, credit facilities and training should be provided to urban households to enhance vegetable production in the area.
{"title":"Perceived Effect Of Vegetable Farming On The Socio-Economic Well-Being Of Urban Households In Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"Eremi Emmanuel Ohara, Ogar Patrick Ogar, Okoi Kennedy Obu","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the perceived effect of vegetable farming on the socio-economic well-being of urban households in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; describe the socio-economic characteristics of vegetable farmers, ascertain the types of vegetables cultivated in the area, and determine the perceived effect of vegetable farming on the socio-economic well-being of urban households. The study was carried out in Calabar Metropolis using a survey research design. The population consisted of all registered vegetable farmers in the area, while the sample comprised 400 vegetable farmers selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation and ranking. The results revealed that 78.75% of the vegetable farmers were women, 65% were married and 49.75% of the farmers were 41years and above. It was also found that pumpkin (Cucurbita spp) (96.75%), waterleaf (Amaranthus spp) (87.25%), amaranthus (Talinum fruticosum) (53.5%) and afang/editan/atama (Gnetum africanum/Lasianthera Africana/Heinsia crinita) (50%) were the predominant vegetables cultivated in the area. The results further showed that vegetable farming brings additional income to farmers (ranked = 1st), enable them to take care of medical bills (ranked = 2nd) and enhance food supply (ranked = 3rd) etc. It was recommended that special land allocation for vegetable cultivation, credit facilities and training should be provided to urban households to enhance vegetable production in the area.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekaete Enamekere Umoh, Peace Oluwaseyi Agbaje, Joseph Oluwaseun Akinade
Well TMG-02 with the depth interval of 5058.77 to 9389.43ft of Opolo field located in the Niger delta was assessed for hydrocarbon using suite of geophysical well logs. Suite includes gamma ray (GR), formation density (RHOB), neutron porosity (NPHI), and resistivity logs. The analysis was carried out to estimate the field’s hydrocarbon prospect by identifying hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs and their properties. The quantitative and qualitative results, identified thicker units of sand than shale lithology, three reservoirs A, B, C within the depth ranges from 5058.77ft to 9389.43ft, capable of accumulating hydrocarbon based on the petrophysical parameters calculated were delineated. The effective porosity for each of the reservoir are: 27%, 24% and 19% respectively. It was observed that reservoir A, B had excellent permeability while reservoir C was low as a result of thicker shale sequence within the reservoir. The result obtained shows presence of hydrocarbon bearing gas water contact in Reservoir A at depth of 5119.70ft, gas oil contact and oil water contact at depths 7310.00ft and 7438.69ft in Reservoir B and Gas water contact at depth 9032.00ft at Reservoir C.
{"title":"Hydrocarbon Formation Evaluation Using Well Log Data Of Well Tmg-02, Opolo Field, Niger Delta","authors":"Ekaete Enamekere Umoh, Peace Oluwaseyi Agbaje, Joseph Oluwaseun Akinade","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Well TMG-02 with the depth interval of 5058.77 to 9389.43ft of Opolo field located in the Niger delta was assessed for hydrocarbon using suite of geophysical well logs. Suite includes gamma ray (GR), formation density (RHOB), neutron porosity (NPHI), and resistivity logs. The analysis was carried out to estimate the field’s hydrocarbon prospect by identifying hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs and their properties. The quantitative and qualitative results, identified thicker units of sand than shale lithology, three reservoirs A, B, C within the depth ranges from 5058.77ft to 9389.43ft, capable of accumulating hydrocarbon based on the petrophysical parameters calculated were delineated. The effective porosity for each of the reservoir are: 27%, 24% and 19% respectively. It was observed that reservoir A, B had excellent permeability while reservoir C was low as a result of thicker shale sequence within the reservoir. The result obtained shows presence of hydrocarbon bearing gas water contact in Reservoir A at depth of 5119.70ft, gas oil contact and oil water contact at depths 7310.00ft and 7438.69ft in Reservoir B and Gas water contact at depth 9032.00ft at Reservoir C.
","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emeka V I, Emeka C N, Ebong E D, Ojong R A, Chikezie P C
Estuaries are important ecosystems that support biodiversity and influence the economy of the regions they occupy. Major physicochemical variables of Qua-Iboe River estuary in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria were assessed for ecosystem quality. The influence of tidal current on the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters in the estuary was examined. Physicochemical parameters, including transparency, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, density and pH were measured in-situ during the dry season. Tidal current velocities were monitored over spring and neap tidal cycles using the Langragian method and results indicated ebb dominance. The relationships between physicochemical parameters were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation matrix. Based on Pearson’s correlation, density showed significant correlations (p < 0.05) with temperature, pH and salinity. Surface and bottom water temperatures significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with density, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH. Spatial distribution maps of physicochemical parameters were plotted using ArcGIS Pro. Similarities and dissimilarities of surface and bottom water parameters were interpreted using cluster analysis. Results revealed two groups reflecting distinct physicochemical characteristics in the study area. Group one, representing upper and central portions of the estuary is defined by waters which are limnetic to oligohaline, slightly acidic to neutral with low dissolved oxygen (<4mg/l) conditions. The estuary showed limnetic conditions at the upper reaches due to the strong fluvial input by the Qua-Iboe River. Group two, representing the lower estuary, is characterized by mesohaline to normal marine waters; neutral to slightly alkaline pH, and low dissolved oxygen (< 4mg/l) conditions. This study is relevant for future monitoring and assessment of the estuary and similar tidal ecosystems.
{"title":"Tidal Dynamics And Physicochemical Parameters In A Tropical Estuary: Qua-Iboe River Estuary, Southeast Coast Of Nigeria","authors":"Emeka V I, Emeka C N, Ebong E D, Ojong R A, Chikezie P C","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Estuaries are important ecosystems that support biodiversity and influence the economy of the regions they occupy. Major physicochemical variables of Qua-Iboe River estuary in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria were assessed for ecosystem quality. The influence of tidal current on the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters in the estuary was examined. Physicochemical parameters, including transparency, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, density and pH were measured in-situ during the dry season. Tidal current velocities were monitored over spring and neap tidal cycles using the Langragian method and results indicated ebb dominance. The relationships between physicochemical parameters were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation matrix. Based on Pearson’s correlation, density showed significant correlations (p < 0.05) with temperature, pH and salinity. Surface and bottom water temperatures significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with density, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH. Spatial distribution maps of physicochemical parameters were plotted using ArcGIS Pro. Similarities and dissimilarities of surface and bottom water parameters were interpreted using cluster analysis. Results revealed two groups reflecting distinct physicochemical characteristics in the study area. Group one, representing upper and central portions of the estuary is defined by waters which are limnetic to oligohaline, slightly acidic to neutral with low dissolved oxygen (<4mg/l) conditions. The estuary showed limnetic conditions at the upper reaches due to the strong fluvial input by the Qua-Iboe River. Group two, representing the lower estuary, is characterized by mesohaline to normal marine waters; neutral to slightly alkaline pH, and low dissolved oxygen (< 4mg/l) conditions. This study is relevant for future monitoring and assessment of the estuary and similar tidal ecosystems.
 
","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessments of groundwater pollution parameters were carried out in groundwater samples collected from selected shallow hand-dug wells across Ilora township. The analysed parameters were nitrate, trace elements including, iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead, and bacteria count in water; using spectrophotometric method, HM Metalyser 5000 and multiple tube techniques respectively. The pH of the samples was between 6.4 and 7.6 and TDS range was 50 - 640 mg/l. The concentration of nitrate (NO3) in water was 12.8 - 274 mg/l. For trace elements concentrations in µg/l ; iron (Fe): 150 – 880, Cobalt (Co): 1 – 100, Manganese (Mn): 0.01 - 140, Chromium (Cr): 0.01 – 0.31, Zinc (Zn): 1.86 - 9.97, Arsenic (As): 3.11 - 20.80, Cadmium (Cd): 0.71 - 4.76, Lead (Pb): 1.00 – 6.82. Based on the average concentration of the trace elements the order of abundance was Fe > Co > Mn > As > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr. Total coliform count (TCC) in groundwater samples were between 18 and 370 cfu/100mL. From the evaluation of the degree of association between the parameters, a moderate to strong positive relationship occurred between Fe/Mn (0.59), Fe/Cr (0.85), Fe/TC (0.56), NO3/Co (0.56), NO3/Mn (0.48), NO3/Cd (0.51) and Mn/Pb (0.85). Presence of coliform bacteria in the groundwater samples indicated fecal contamination from surface environment. Comparing the parameters with guideline standards for drinking water, most of the hand-dug wells are contaminated with nitrate, five wells were contaminated with either arsenic and/or cadmium, while water from some of the wells may have objectionable taste due to high iron content. The high values of cadmium and arsenic in some wells are harmful to human health and appropriate treatment is needed. For bacteria contamination, deeper wells are recommended, and the water should to be treated and boiled prior to consumption.
{"title":"Assessment of nitrate, trace elements and bacterial contamination of groundwater in ilora area of southwestern nigeria","authors":"Olanrewaju Akinfemiwa Akanbi, Eniola Kofoworola Akinseye","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Assessments of groundwater pollution parameters were carried out in groundwater samples collected from selected shallow hand-dug wells across Ilora township. The analysed parameters were nitrate, trace elements including, iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead, and bacteria count in water; using spectrophotometric method, HM Metalyser 5000 and multiple tube techniques respectively. The pH of the samples was between 6.4 and 7.6 and TDS range was 50 - 640 mg/l. The concentration of nitrate (NO3) in water was 12.8 - 274 mg/l. For trace elements concentrations in µg/l ; iron (Fe): 150 – 880, Cobalt (Co): 1 – 100, Manganese (Mn): 0.01 - 140, Chromium (Cr): 0.01 – 0.31, Zinc (Zn): 1.86 - 9.97, Arsenic (As): 3.11 - 20.80, Cadmium (Cd): 0.71 - 4.76, Lead (Pb): 1.00 – 6.82. Based on the average concentration of the trace elements the order of abundance was Fe > Co > Mn > As > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr. Total coliform count (TCC) in groundwater samples were between 18 and 370 cfu/100mL. From the evaluation of the degree of association between the parameters, a moderate to strong positive relationship occurred between Fe/Mn (0.59), Fe/Cr (0.85), Fe/TC (0.56), NO3/Co (0.56), NO3/Mn (0.48), NO3/Cd (0.51) and Mn/Pb (0.85). Presence of coliform bacteria in the groundwater samples indicated fecal contamination from surface environment. Comparing the parameters with guideline standards for drinking water, most of the hand-dug wells are contaminated with nitrate, five wells were contaminated with either arsenic and/or cadmium, while water from some of the wells may have objectionable taste due to high iron content. The high values of cadmium and arsenic in some wells are harmful to human health and appropriate treatment is needed. For bacteria contamination, deeper wells are recommended, and the water should to be treated and boiled prior to consumption. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83097703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface water chemistry evolution of Ekulu River was conducted by inverse geochemical modelling using the PHREEQC computer program. In this study, samples were collected from the Ekulu river at 100m intervals, and were taken to the laboratory for major anions and cations, heavy metal and bacterial content analyses. Inverse geochemical modelling results reveal that the river evolved as a result of dissolution of siderite, quartz, gypsum, galena, sphalerite, pyrolusite and precipitation of goethite and pyrite. The Piper diagram indicates Calcium-Chloride water type, with high Ca2+ + Mg+ and Cl- + SO42 contents, which is typical of water originated from gypsum dissolution and mine drainage. The results of the analyses show that the water cannot be recommended for drinking because the E. coli and coliform contents are higher than the permissible limits. The water chemistry of Ekulu river is as a result of secondary minerals dissolution and mine drainage from Onyeama coal mine whereas the microbial content resulted from pollution from recent faeces.
{"title":"Application of inverse modelling for prediction of the surface water chemistry of the ekulu river in enugu, southeastern nigeria","authors":"Ifeoma Mary Ugwu","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Surface water chemistry evolution of Ekulu River was conducted by inverse geochemical modelling using the PHREEQC computer program. In this study, samples were collected from the Ekulu river at 100m intervals, and were taken to the laboratory for major anions and cations, heavy metal and bacterial content analyses. Inverse geochemical modelling results reveal that the river evolved as a result of dissolution of siderite, quartz, gypsum, galena, sphalerite, pyrolusite and precipitation of goethite and pyrite. The Piper diagram indicates Calcium-Chloride water type, with high Ca2+ + Mg+ and Cl- + SO42 contents, which is typical of water originated from gypsum dissolution and mine drainage. The results of the analyses show that the water cannot be recommended for drinking because the E. coli and coliform contents are higher than the permissible limits. The water chemistry of Ekulu river is as a result of secondary minerals dissolution and mine drainage from Onyeama coal mine whereas the microbial content resulted from pollution from recent faeces. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75579303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing population in Oshogbo metropolis with the attending rise in human generated waste and environmental pollution has created a quest in assessing the quality of the available groundwater. Therefore, drinking water must meet the desirable quality and standards, and there is need for thorough monitoring of the quality available for drinking purposes. A total of twenty (20) samples of water were randomly collected from borehole drilled into the basement complex rocks. The temperature of water samples ranges between 26°C and 29°C and an average of 27.9°C. The range of pH is from 6.7 to 7.8 with mean value of 7.2 which indicated that the water is neutral. The TDS was low and ranges between 21.3 to 50.5 mg/l with a mean value of 35.8 mg/l. Calcium has concentration ranging between 1.3mg/l and 7.2mg/l. Concentration of Magnesium ranges between 1.5mg/l and 18mg/l while concentration of sodium ranges from 1.2mg/l to 8.9mg/l and Potassium ranges from 1.2mg/l to 4.3mg/l. Chloride concentration ranges from 2.1mg/l to 8.2mg/l and Sulfate concentration ranges between 0.4mg/l and 12.0mg/l while Bicarbonate ranges from 3.7mg/l to 14.3mg/l. The geochemical data for both cation and anion shows that: Mg>Na>Ca>K and HCO3>SO4>Cl. Mg-HCO3 occupied 30% of the water type analyzed, Mg-Cl took 15%, Ca-HCO3 took 25%, while Mg-SO4 took 30%. The major cations from the water facies indicate that Calcium and Magnesium are geogenic in origin and are as a result of interaction of water and the underlying rocks are reflective of bedrock dissolution. . Concentration of Cl-, HCO3- and SO42-can be attributed to increasing population and industrial growth within the metropolis, although the concentration is not when compared with WHO standard and Nigeria Standard standard desirable and permissible limits.
{"title":"Groundwater quality assessment from parts of the basement complex area of oshogbo, southwestern nigeri","authors":"Olukayode Adeyinka Falana, Olanrewaju Akinfenwa Akanbi","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v29i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing population in Oshogbo metropolis with the attending rise in human generated waste and environmental pollution has created a quest in assessing the quality of the available groundwater. Therefore, drinking water must meet the desirable quality and standards, and there is need for thorough monitoring of the quality available for drinking purposes. A total of twenty (20) samples of water were randomly collected from borehole drilled into the basement complex rocks. The temperature of water samples ranges between 26°C and 29°C and an average of 27.9°C. The range of pH is from 6.7 to 7.8 with mean value of 7.2 which indicated that the water is neutral. The TDS was low and ranges between 21.3 to 50.5 mg/l with a mean value of 35.8 mg/l. Calcium has concentration ranging between 1.3mg/l and 7.2mg/l. Concentration of Magnesium ranges between 1.5mg/l and 18mg/l while concentration of sodium ranges from 1.2mg/l to 8.9mg/l and Potassium ranges from 1.2mg/l to 4.3mg/l. Chloride concentration ranges from 2.1mg/l to 8.2mg/l and Sulfate concentration ranges between 0.4mg/l and 12.0mg/l while Bicarbonate ranges from 3.7mg/l to 14.3mg/l. The geochemical data for both cation and anion shows that: Mg>Na>Ca>K and HCO3>SO4>Cl. Mg-HCO3 occupied 30% of the water type analyzed, Mg-Cl took 15%, Ca-HCO3 took 25%, while Mg-SO4 took 30%. The major cations from the water facies indicate that Calcium and Magnesium are geogenic in origin and are as a result of interaction of water and the underlying rocks are reflective of bedrock dissolution. . Concentration of Cl-, HCO3- and SO42-can be attributed to increasing population and industrial growth within the metropolis, although the concentration is not when compared with WHO standard and Nigeria Standard standard desirable and permissible limits.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77550932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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