Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1409310
Muhammad Yasir Siddique, Sehrish Zafar, Linta Rizwan, Muhammad Atif Saleem, Sajjad Haider, Waqar Azeem, Kamran Alam, Yasir Iqbal, Sajjad Hussain Sumrra, Muhammad Faizan Nazar
Microemulsions (μEs) are particularly suitable systems for the efficient delivery of anticancer drugs due to their thermodynamic stability, structural flexibility, and patient-friendly chemotherapies. Moreover, μE formulations can efficiently encapsulate the anticancer drugs and deliver them to the desired location. Herein, three new Tween-60-based µE formulations were developed to enhance the dissolution profile of anticancer methotrexate (MTX). For this, μE formulations using an appropriate ratio of castor oil (∼9%), water (∼11%), and Tween-60 (∼40%) were used, while ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol were selected as co-surfactants for each formulation, respectively. Preliminarily, the phase compatibility of the μE ingredients, the average μE region, and the structural transformation in the microstructure of μE were delineated by mapping the pseudoternary phase diagram, as well as electrical conductivity, viscosity, and optical microscopic measurements. The size distribution profile of the as-formulated μEs analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the fine monomodal assembly of MTX-μE nanodroplets (∼65 nm), which remained stable over a half year of storage. FTIR analysis showed good compatibility of MTX with μE ingredients with no apparent chemical interaction, while fluorescence measurements endorsed the acquisition of MTX in nonpolar microenvironments. Furthermore, an enhanced dissolution rate (>98% ± 1.5%, p ≤ 0.001) and superior bioavailability of the lyophilized non-aggregated methotrexate nanoparticles (MTX-NPs) were achieved, making them a suitable formulation for oral administration.
{"title":"Formulation and structural insight of biocompatible microemulsion for enhanced release profile of anticancer methotrexate","authors":"Muhammad Yasir Siddique, Sehrish Zafar, Linta Rizwan, Muhammad Atif Saleem, Sajjad Haider, Waqar Azeem, Kamran Alam, Yasir Iqbal, Sajjad Hussain Sumrra, Muhammad Faizan Nazar","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1409310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1409310","url":null,"abstract":"Microemulsions (μEs) are particularly suitable systems for the efficient delivery of anticancer drugs due to their thermodynamic stability, structural flexibility, and patient-friendly chemotherapies. Moreover, μE formulations can efficiently encapsulate the anticancer drugs and deliver them to the desired location. Herein, three new Tween-60-based µE formulations were developed to enhance the dissolution profile of anticancer methotrexate (MTX). For this, μE formulations using an appropriate ratio of castor oil (∼9%), water (∼11%), and Tween-60 (∼40%) were used, while ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol were selected as co-surfactants for each formulation, respectively. Preliminarily, the phase compatibility of the μE ingredients, the average μE region, and the structural transformation in the microstructure of μE were delineated by mapping the pseudoternary phase diagram, as well as electrical conductivity, viscosity, and optical microscopic measurements. The size distribution profile of the as-formulated μEs analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the fine monomodal assembly of MTX-μE nanodroplets (∼65 nm), which remained stable over a half year of storage. FTIR analysis showed good compatibility of MTX with μE ingredients with no apparent chemical interaction, while fluorescence measurements endorsed the acquisition of MTX in nonpolar microenvironments. Furthermore, an enhanced dissolution rate (&gt;98% ± 1.5%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.001) and superior bioavailability of the lyophilized non-aggregated methotrexate nanoparticles (MTX-NPs) were achieved, making them a suitable formulation for oral administration.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1394233
Rongzhou Yang, Ying Xu, Meilu Yu, Jinjin Ge, Qi An, Pengying Ma
The mechanical behavior of splitting tensile damage and the law of stress wave propagation of rock-like materials (RLM) are of great significance to further reveal the dynamic disaster mechanism of the deep rock mass. The meso-damage mechanical behavior and stress wave propagation characteristics of RLM disks under impact splitting were studied by using a large diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). In terms of dynamic damage, the splitting tensile stress-compression strain curves of RLM disks obviously showed three stages of mechanical behavior evolution: initial elastic-plastic deformation, pre-peak plastic damage, and post-peak brittle fracture failure. The macro-damage of RLM disks increased with the increase of strain rate. The meso-tensile fracture was the result of both the initial meso-damage and the impact splitting meso-damage. The dynamic splitting damage variable defined based on the damage fracture energy can accurately describe the damage evolution characteristics of impact splitting on RLM disks. In the aspect of stress wave propagation, the peak value of transmission stress showed an advanced effect with the increase of incident stress wave. In the early stage (0–50 μs), the transmission stress wave ratio (σT/σI) increased with the increase of strain rate, while in the later stage (82–200 μs), the transmission stress wave ratio (σT/σI) decreased with the increase of strain rate. The stress wave propagation law in the process of impact splitting on RLM disks was clearly revealed based on the stress wave propagation model established by the one-dimensional elastic stress wave theory. Finally, the dynamic mechanical mechanism of splitting damage and fracture of RLM disks under different strain rates was discussed deeply.
{"title":"Rock-like material under large diameter SHPB dynamic splitting tension: meso-damage mechanical behavior and stress wave propagation model","authors":"Rongzhou Yang, Ying Xu, Meilu Yu, Jinjin Ge, Qi An, Pengying Ma","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1394233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1394233","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical behavior of splitting tensile damage and the law of stress wave propagation of rock-like materials (RLM) are of great significance to further reveal the dynamic disaster mechanism of the deep rock mass. The meso-damage mechanical behavior and stress wave propagation characteristics of RLM disks under impact splitting were studied by using a large diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). In terms of dynamic damage, the splitting tensile stress-compression strain curves of RLM disks obviously showed three stages of mechanical behavior evolution: initial elastic-plastic deformation, pre-peak plastic damage, and post-peak brittle fracture failure. The macro-damage of RLM disks increased with the increase of strain rate. The meso-tensile fracture was the result of both the initial meso-damage and the impact splitting meso-damage. The dynamic splitting damage variable defined based on the damage fracture energy can accurately describe the damage evolution characteristics of impact splitting on RLM disks. In the aspect of stress wave propagation, the peak value of transmission stress showed an advanced effect with the increase of incident stress wave. In the early stage (0–50 μs), the transmission stress wave ratio (σT/σI) increased with the increase of strain rate, while in the later stage (82–200 μs), the transmission stress wave ratio (σT/σI) decreased with the increase of strain rate. The stress wave propagation law in the process of impact splitting on RLM disks was clearly revealed based on the stress wave propagation model established by the one-dimensional elastic stress wave theory. Finally, the dynamic mechanical mechanism of splitting damage and fracture of RLM disks under different strain rates was discussed deeply.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To combat abiotic CO2 corrosion of pipelines, chromium steels (CrSs) are used to replace carbon steels, but CrSs can suffer very severe pitting corrosion caused by microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) because their passive films are not as good as those on high-grade stainless steels, and their MIC often involves (semi-)conductive corrosion product films. In this study, severe pitting corrosion (2.0 cm/a pitting corrosion rate) with a 7-day weight loss of 3.8 ± 0.5 mg/cm2 (0.26 mm/a uniform corrosion rate) was observed on 13Cr coupons incubated anaerobically with a highly corrosive pure-strain sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB) Desulfovibrio ferrophilus IS5 in 125 mL anaerobic vials filled with 50 mL enriched artificial seawater at 28°C. A popular green biocide, namely tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS), was enhanced by biofilm dispersing Peptide A (a 14-mer) to mitigate SRB MIC against 13Cr. The 7-day weight losses for coupons with 50 ppm (w/w) THPS, 50 ppm THPS + 100 nM (180 ppb) Peptide A and 100 ppm THPS were reduced to 2.2 ± 0.2 mg/cm2, 1.5 ± 0.5 mg/cm2, and 0.3 ± 0.2 mg/cm2, respectively. The pitting rates also decreased from 20 mm/a to 12 mm/a, 8.6 mm/a, and 1.5 mm/a, respectively based on the maximum pit depth data for the 7-day incubation. Electrochemical tests using a miniature electrochemical glass cell design supported the weight loss trend with additional transient corrosion rate information. THPS was found to be effective in mitigating severe pitting corrosion on 13Cr, and the enhancement effect of Peptide A for THPS was manifested. This work has significant implications in field applications when CrSs are considered as metal choices to replace carbon steels to combat abiotic CO2 corrosion in pipelines. When SRB MIC is a possible threat, a mitigation plan needs to be implemented to prevent potentially very severe pitting that can lead to pinhole leaks.
{"title":"Prevention of severe pitting corrosion of 13Cr pipeline steel by a sulfate reducing bacterium using a green biocide cocktail","authors":"Lingjun Xu, Adnan Khan, Pruch Kijkla, Sith Kumseranee, Suchada Punpruk, Tingyue Gu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1407655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1407655","url":null,"abstract":"To combat abiotic CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> corrosion of pipelines, chromium steels (CrSs) are used to replace carbon steels, but CrSs can suffer very severe pitting corrosion caused by microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) because their passive films are not as good as those on high-grade stainless steels, and their MIC often involves (semi-)conductive corrosion product films. In this study, severe pitting corrosion (2.0 cm/a pitting corrosion rate) with a 7-day weight loss of 3.8 ± 0.5 mg/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> (0.26 mm/a uniform corrosion rate) was observed on 13Cr coupons incubated anaerobically with a highly corrosive pure-strain sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB) <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio ferrophilus</jats:italic> IS5 in 125 mL anaerobic vials filled with 50 mL enriched artificial seawater at 28°C. A popular green biocide, namely tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS), was enhanced by biofilm dispersing Peptide A (a 14-mer) to mitigate SRB MIC against 13Cr. The 7-day weight losses for coupons with 50 ppm (w/w) THPS, 50 ppm THPS + 100 nM (180 ppb) Peptide A and 100 ppm THPS were reduced to 2.2 ± 0.2 mg/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, 1.5 ± 0.5 mg/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, and 0.3 ± 0.2 mg/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, respectively. The pitting rates also decreased from 20 mm/a to 12 mm/a, 8.6 mm/a, and 1.5 mm/a, respectively based on the maximum pit depth data for the 7-day incubation. Electrochemical tests using a miniature electrochemical glass cell design supported the weight loss trend with additional transient corrosion rate information. THPS was found to be effective in mitigating severe pitting corrosion on 13Cr, and the enhancement effect of Peptide A for THPS was manifested. This work has significant implications in field applications when CrSs are considered as metal choices to replace carbon steels to combat abiotic CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> corrosion in pipelines. When SRB MIC is a possible threat, a mitigation plan needs to be implemented to prevent potentially very severe pitting that can lead to pinhole leaks.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suitable hydrogel materials for cartilage tissue repair should exhibit high strength and toughness, and excellent biocompatibility. However, the mechanical properties of most hydrogels cannot meet the complex mechanical requirements of articular cartilage tissues. Given this situation, we have adopted a chemical cross-linking method using hexafluoro isopropanol to mediate the cross-linking of Silk Fibroin (SF) and deionized water (DI), which promoted the formation of β-sheets, generating “high-toughness” Silk Fibroin hydrogels. The introduction of Gelatin (Gel) served to increase the content of β-sheets and increase the tensile modulus from 24.51 ± 2.07 MPa to 39.75 ± 6.54 MPa, which significantly enhanced the flexibility of the hydrogel and meets the mechanical requirements of cartilage tissue. In addition, in vitro biological experiments have shown that the introduction of Gel promotes cell proliferation and enhances the production of cartilage extracellular matrix by chondrocytes. In vivo experiments have demonstrated that SF/Gel hydrogel promotes articular cartilage regeneration more effectively than SF hydrogel, as evidenced by improvements in gross appearance, imaging, and histology. This study has established that high-strength SF/Gel hydrogel prepared by applying the binary-solvent-induced conformation transition strategy has potential applications in cartilage tissue repair and regeneration and is a feasible biomaterial for osteochondral regeneration.
{"title":"High-strength and high-elasticity silk fibroin-composite gelatin biomaterial hydrogels for rabbit knee cartilage regeneration","authors":"Hebin Ma, Bowen Xie, Hongguang Chen, Puzhen Song, Yuanbo Zhou, Haigang Jia, Jing Liu, Yantao Zhao, Yadong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1390372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1390372","url":null,"abstract":"Suitable hydrogel materials for cartilage tissue repair should exhibit high strength and toughness, and excellent biocompatibility. However, the mechanical properties of most hydrogels cannot meet the complex mechanical requirements of articular cartilage tissues. Given this situation, we have adopted a chemical cross-linking method using hexafluoro isopropanol to mediate the cross-linking of Silk Fibroin (SF) and deionized water (DI), which promoted the formation of β-sheets, generating “high-toughness” Silk Fibroin hydrogels. The introduction of Gelatin (Gel) served to increase the content of β-sheets and increase the tensile modulus from 24.51 ± 2.07 MPa to 39.75 ± 6.54 MPa, which significantly enhanced the flexibility of the hydrogel and meets the mechanical requirements of cartilage tissue. In addition, <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> biological experiments have shown that the introduction of Gel promotes cell proliferation and enhances the production of cartilage extracellular matrix by chondrocytes. <jats:italic>In vivo</jats:italic> experiments have demonstrated that SF/Gel hydrogel promotes articular cartilage regeneration more effectively than SF hydrogel, as evidenced by improvements in gross appearance, imaging, and histology. This study has established that high-strength SF/Gel hydrogel prepared by applying the binary-solvent-induced conformation transition strategy has potential applications in cartilage tissue repair and regeneration and is a feasible biomaterial for osteochondral regeneration.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1401764
Dimitrios I. Avgoulas, Maria Petala, Romain Briandet, Yasmine Dergham, Marie-Francoise Noirot-Gros, Avraam Konstantinidis, Margaritis Kostoglou, Thodoris D. Karapantsios
The prolonged duration of future manned space missions conceals potential threats associated with microbial contamination. Such closed environments are susceptible to formation of complex biofilm communities, where microorganisms can thrive and further evolve. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of surface type, surface treatment and shear stress on biofilm formation in water facilities. To that aim, the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 to adhere on three space applications related materials, including passivated (SS) and both passivated and electropolished (SSEP) stainless steel, as well as Ti-6Al-4V (Ti) alloy was studied under stagnant and shear stress conditions after 24 h of exposure. Results indicated that surface type strongly affects bacterial adhesion under the same conditions. Surface coverage during static experiments was in the following order: SS > Ti > SSEP, while SS exhibited a fourfold surface coverage compared to SSEP highlighting the significance of surface treatment. Moreover, SS and Ti stimulate the formation of several microcolonies and their growth. On the other hand, the application of shear stress diminished bacterial attachment to the studied materials, the degree of which relied on the material type. In this case, bacterial settlement on SS and Ti was dependent on the surface texture, implying that surface roughness may also play an important role in cell adhesion under shear conditions. Furthermore, the metallic surfaces did not hinder bacterial attachment when silver ions were previously deposited on their surface. The deposition that occurs on metallic surfaces when in contact with water disinfected with silver ions, for example, during space missions, highlights its impact on the loss of disinfection capacity of silver ions.
未来载人太空任务的持续时间较长，隐藏着与微生物污染相关的潜在威胁。这种封闭环境容易形成复杂的生物膜群落，微生物可在其中繁衍生息并进一步进化。本研究的目的是评估表面类型、表面处理和剪切应力对供水设施中生物膜形成的影响。为此，研究了荧光假单胞菌 SBW25 在静止和剪切应力条件下暴露 24 小时后附着在三种空间应用相关材料上的能力，包括钝化不锈钢（SS）、钝化和电抛光不锈钢（SSEP）以及钛-6Al-4V（Ti）合金。结果表明，在相同条件下，表面类型对细菌的附着力有很大影响。静态实验中的表面覆盖率按以下顺序排列：SS > Ti > SSEP，而 SS 的表面覆盖率是 SSEP 的四倍，这凸显了表面处理的重要性。此外，SS 和 Ti 还能刺激多个微菌落的形成和生长。另一方面，施加剪切应力会减少细菌对所研究材料的附着，其程度取决于材料类型。在这种情况下，细菌在 SS 和钛上的沉降取决于表面纹理，这意味着表面粗糙度也可能在剪切条件下对细胞粘附起到重要作用。此外，当银离子沉积在金属表面时，金属表面也不会阻碍细菌的附着。当金属表面与银离子消毒过的水接触时，例如在太空任务中，金属表面会发生沉积，这突出表明了沉积对银离子消毒能力丧失的影响。
{"title":"Effect of surface treatment and shear flow on biofilm formation over materials employed in space water storage and distribution systems","authors":"Dimitrios I. Avgoulas, Maria Petala, Romain Briandet, Yasmine Dergham, Marie-Francoise Noirot-Gros, Avraam Konstantinidis, Margaritis Kostoglou, Thodoris D. Karapantsios","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1401764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1401764","url":null,"abstract":"The prolonged duration of future manned space missions conceals potential threats associated with microbial contamination. Such closed environments are susceptible to formation of complex biofilm communities, where microorganisms can thrive and further evolve. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of surface type, surface treatment and shear stress on biofilm formation in water facilities. To that aim, the ability of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens</jats:italic> SBW25 to adhere on three space applications related materials, including passivated (SS) and both passivated and electropolished (SSEP) stainless steel, as well as Ti-6Al-4V (Ti) alloy was studied under stagnant and shear stress conditions after 24 h of exposure. Results indicated that surface type strongly affects bacterial adhesion under the same conditions. Surface coverage during static experiments was in the following order: SS &gt; Ti &gt; SSEP, while SS exhibited a fourfold surface coverage compared to SSEP highlighting the significance of surface treatment. Moreover, SS and Ti stimulate the formation of several microcolonies and their growth. On the other hand, the application of shear stress diminished bacterial attachment to the studied materials, the degree of which relied on the material type. In this case, bacterial settlement on SS and Ti was dependent on the surface texture, implying that surface roughness may also play an important role in cell adhesion under shear conditions. Furthermore, the metallic surfaces did not hinder bacterial attachment when silver ions were previously deposited on their surface. The deposition that occurs on metallic surfaces when in contact with water disinfected with silver ions, for example, during space missions, highlights its impact on the loss of disinfection capacity of silver ions.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1390159
Mohammad Y. Araghi, M. H. Parsa, Mostafa Ghane Ezabadi, Reza Roumina, Hamed Mirzadeh, Shuozhi Xu
This study explores the microstructural characterization of pearlite phase transformation in high-strength low-alloy API X60 steel, which is used in pipelines. Understanding the formation, phase percentages, and morphology of the pearlitic phase is crucial since it affects the mechanical properties of the considered steel. In this research, a phase-field model, particularly the Cahn–Hilliard approach, was used in order to simulate the formation and morphology of the pearlite phase in response to different heat treatments. Both double- and triple-well potentials were considered for comprehensively studying pearlite’s morphology in the simulations. The simulation results were then compared with experimental outcomes obtained by metallography and field-emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. Considering the double-well potential can help simulate only two phases, ferrite and cementite, which is less compatible with the experiment results than the triple-well potential, which gives the possibility of simulating a three-phase microstructure, ferrite, cementite, and austenite, and a better match with experimental data. The study revealed that as the cooling rate increases, the interlamellar spacing and layer thickness decrease. Additionally, the difference between experimental and simulation results using triple-well potential was approximately ∼10%. Therefore, triple-well potential formulation predictions have better agreements with experimental results for the development circumstance of pearlitic structures.
本研究探讨了用于管道的高强度低合金 API X60 钢中珠光体相变的微观结构特征。了解珠光体相的形成、相百分比和形态至关重要，因为它会影响所考虑钢材的机械性能。本研究采用相场模型，特别是 Cahn-Hilliard 方法，来模拟珠光体相在不同热处理条件下的形成和形态。为全面研究珠光体的形态，模拟中考虑了双孔和三孔电位。然后将模拟结果与金相学和场发射扫描电子显微镜分析的实验结果进行比较。双孔电位只能模拟铁素体和雪明碳铁两相，与实验结果不符，而三孔电位可以模拟铁素体、雪明碳铁和奥氏体三相微观结构，与实验数据更吻合。研究表明，随着冷却速度的增加，晶间距和晶层厚度都会减小。此外，使用三孔电位的实验结果与模拟结果之间的差异约为∼10%。因此，就珠光体结构的发展情况而言，三重阱电位公式的预测结果与实验结果具有更好的一致性。
{"title":"Characterizing pearlite transformation in an API X60 pipeline steel through phase-field modeling and experimental validation","authors":"Mohammad Y. Araghi, M. H. Parsa, Mostafa Ghane Ezabadi, Reza Roumina, Hamed Mirzadeh, Shuozhi Xu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1390159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1390159","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the microstructural characterization of pearlite phase transformation in high-strength low-alloy API X60 steel, which is used in pipelines. Understanding the formation, phase percentages, and morphology of the pearlitic phase is crucial since it affects the mechanical properties of the considered steel. In this research, a phase-field model, particularly the Cahn–Hilliard approach, was used in order to simulate the formation and morphology of the pearlite phase in response to different heat treatments. Both double- and triple-well potentials were considered for comprehensively studying pearlite’s morphology in the simulations. The simulation results were then compared with experimental outcomes obtained by metallography and field-emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. Considering the double-well potential can help simulate only two phases, ferrite and cementite, which is less compatible with the experiment results than the triple-well potential, which gives the possibility of simulating a three-phase microstructure, ferrite, cementite, and austenite, and a better match with experimental data. The study revealed that as the cooling rate increases, the interlamellar spacing and layer thickness decrease. Additionally, the difference between experimental and simulation results using triple-well potential was approximately ∼10%. Therefore, triple-well potential formulation predictions have better agreements with experimental results for the development circumstance of pearlitic structures.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1425653
Xinxing Xu, Xinning Yan
Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a new environmentally friendly technology, with the ability to improve the mechanical properties of calcareous sand. Rubber is a high-compressibility material with a higher damping ratio than that of calcareous sand. In this study, calcareous sand was replaced by equal volume contents (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) and different sizes (0–1, 1–2, and 2–3 mm) of rubber, and a series of water absorption and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on MICP-solidified rubber–calcareous sand (MRS). The results showed that the water absorption is reduced when the rubber content is larger. The UCS of 0–1-mm MRS decreased with the increase in rubber content. For 1–2-mm and 2–3-mm MRS, the UCS was improved by 11.30% and 15.69%, respectively, compared with the clean sand. Adding rubber promoted the formation of calcium carbonate, but the strength and stiffness of rubber particles were lower than those of the calcareous sand. Therefore, higher rubber content weakened the sand frame bearing system, and the UCS decreased when the rubber content was more than 5%. Moreover, a large amount of 0–1-mm rubber led to the increase in transverse deformation of the samples, which caused the acceleration of the destruction of the sand structure. The water absorption of 0–1-mm MRS was higher than that of 1–2-mm and 2–3-mm MRS, but the UCS of 0–1-mm MRS was lower. The best rubber size is 1–2 mm and 2–3 mm, and the best rubber content is 3%–5%. The outcome of this study may, in the authors’ view, prove beneficial in improving the strength of calcareous sand when it is reinforced by MICP-combined rubber.
{"title":"Experiment on MICP-solidified calcareous sand with different rubber particle contents and sizes","authors":"Xinxing Xu, Xinning Yan","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1425653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1425653","url":null,"abstract":"Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a new environmentally friendly technology, with the ability to improve the mechanical properties of calcareous sand. Rubber is a high-compressibility material with a higher damping ratio than that of calcareous sand. In this study, calcareous sand was replaced by equal volume contents (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) and different sizes (0–1, 1–2, and 2–3 mm) of rubber, and a series of water absorption and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on MICP-solidified rubber–calcareous sand (MRS). The results showed that the water absorption is reduced when the rubber content is larger. The UCS of 0–1-mm MRS decreased with the increase in rubber content. For 1–2-mm and 2–3-mm MRS, the UCS was improved by 11.30% and 15.69%, respectively, compared with the clean sand. Adding rubber promoted the formation of calcium carbonate, but the strength and stiffness of rubber particles were lower than those of the calcareous sand. Therefore, higher rubber content weakened the sand frame bearing system, and the UCS decreased when the rubber content was more than 5%. Moreover, a large amount of 0–1-mm rubber led to the increase in transverse deformation of the samples, which caused the acceleration of the destruction of the sand structure. The water absorption of 0–1-mm MRS was higher than that of 1–2-mm and 2–3-mm MRS, but the UCS of 0–1-mm MRS was lower. The best rubber size is 1–2 mm and 2–3 mm, and the best rubber content is 3%–5%. The outcome of this study may, in the authors’ view, prove beneficial in improving the strength of calcareous sand when it is reinforced by MICP-combined rubber.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1407850
Guojian Zhou, Kuan Lu, Minghui Lu, Yan Liu
The working mechanism of an acoustic metamaterial (AM) for broadband elastic vibration suppression with non-independent local resonators is presented in this paper along with the general formulas for the effective mass (EM), dispersion relation, and transmission spectrum (TR) of this metamaterial unit. A kind of flexible metamaterial sticker that is lightweight and skillfully uses flexible materials is proposed based on a theoretical approach. The flexible metamaterial sticker has a surface density of only 2.22 kg/m2 and an overall thickness of only 3 mm. It is made by depositing the flexible cylindrical supports in a square lattice pattern on the surface of the flexible plate. The finite element method (FEM) was used to systematically investigate the band structures, frequency response function (FRF), dynamic effective mass density (EMD), as well as the formation mechanisms of the flexural vibration bandgaps (FVBGs) of the metamaterial plates (composite structure after applying the metamaterial sticker). Additionally, a thorough analysis was conducted on the impacts of geometrical parameters (the rubber cylinder thickness, the flexible material plate thickness, the lattice constant, and the rubber cylinder radius) on the FVBGs. Finally, an overall vibration attenuation for the proposed metamaterials was estimated by using the spatial quadratic velocity and experiment. The findings confirmed that the AM caused multi-frequency negative EM, while the overall bandgap width was substantially wider than that of conventional metamaterials. Due to the numerous vibration modes of the flexible metamaterial, the suggested flexible lightweight metamaterial sticker can generate several observable local resonance FVBGs in the low-frequency range. Significantly broadening the bandwidth of FVBGs can be achieved by varying the rubber cylinder radius and thickness, as well as by adjusting the lattice constant and flexible material plate thickness. Within the FVBGs, the proposed lightweight flexible metamaterial sticker shows a good vibration-suppression performance, when compared with the traditional damping structure or metamaterials.
{"title":"Study on the vibration suppression mechanisms of the lightweight flexible metamaterial sticker with non-independent resonators","authors":"Guojian Zhou, Kuan Lu, Minghui Lu, Yan Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1407850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1407850","url":null,"abstract":"The working mechanism of an acoustic metamaterial (AM) for broadband elastic vibration suppression with non-independent local resonators is presented in this paper along with the general formulas for the effective mass (EM), dispersion relation, and transmission spectrum (TR) of this metamaterial unit. A kind of flexible metamaterial sticker that is lightweight and skillfully uses flexible materials is proposed based on a theoretical approach. The flexible metamaterial sticker has a surface density of only 2.22 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and an overall thickness of only 3 mm. It is made by depositing the flexible cylindrical supports in a square lattice pattern on the surface of the flexible plate. The finite element method (FEM) was used to systematically investigate the band structures, frequency response function (FRF), dynamic effective mass density (EMD), as well as the formation mechanisms of the flexural vibration bandgaps (FVBGs) of the metamaterial plates (composite structure after applying the metamaterial sticker). Additionally, a thorough analysis was conducted on the impacts of geometrical parameters (the rubber cylinder thickness, the flexible material plate thickness, the lattice constant, and the rubber cylinder radius) on the FVBGs. Finally, an overall vibration attenuation for the proposed metamaterials was estimated by using the spatial quadratic velocity and experiment. The findings confirmed that the AM caused multi-frequency negative EM, while the overall bandgap width was substantially wider than that of conventional metamaterials. Due to the numerous vibration modes of the flexible metamaterial, the suggested flexible lightweight metamaterial sticker can generate several observable local resonance FVBGs in the low-frequency range. Significantly broadening the bandwidth of FVBGs can be achieved by varying the rubber cylinder radius and thickness, as well as by adjusting the lattice constant and flexible material plate thickness. Within the FVBGs, the proposed lightweight flexible metamaterial sticker shows a good vibration-suppression performance, when compared with the traditional damping structure or metamaterials.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1392372
Jian Wang, Sen Pang, Shengjie Ji, Xiaoxiao Li, Ling Wang, Junfei Zhang
External walls, serving as the primary medium for heat exchange between the building and the external environment, has its thermal loss comprising the largest proportion of building energy consumption. Therefore, enhancing the thermal insulation capacity of the wall is of great significance in reducing building energy consumption. In this paper, a novel sustainable prefabricated expanded polystyrene (EPS) thermal insulation wall panel with irregular column frame structures was developed. And weathering tests combined with finite element simulations were conducted to investigate its weathering performance and degradation patterns. The results revealed that In the weathering test, the panel surfaces did not exhibit apparent water seepage cracks, powdering, hollowing, peeling, etc. There was no occurrence of facing brick detachment or damage. The outer surface concrete of the wall panel experienced resistance during normal thermal expansion and contraction, generating compressive stress during expansion and tensile stress when contracted. In addition, the bond strength of the specimens decreased by 8.1% after the thermal-rain cycles, 5.1% after the thermal-cold cycles, and 12.1% after the freeze-thaw cycles. In the numerical simulations, the temperature stress at various positions on the concrete wall had a noticeable mutual restraining effect on the force deformation of the nearby concrete. There was a significant risk of cracking in the middle and around the opening, particularly in the lower part of the wall panel. This study serves as a basis for the degradation analyses and optimization design of the sandwich insulation wall panels for sustainability.
{"title":"Weathering resistance of novel sustainable prefabricated thermal insulation wall","authors":"Jian Wang, Sen Pang, Shengjie Ji, Xiaoxiao Li, Ling Wang, Junfei Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1392372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1392372","url":null,"abstract":"External walls, serving as the primary medium for heat exchange between the building and the external environment, has its thermal loss comprising the largest proportion of building energy consumption. Therefore, enhancing the thermal insulation capacity of the wall is of great significance in reducing building energy consumption. In this paper, a novel sustainable prefabricated expanded polystyrene (EPS) thermal insulation wall panel with irregular column frame structures was developed. And weathering tests combined with finite element simulations were conducted to investigate its weathering performance and degradation patterns. The results revealed that In the weathering test, the panel surfaces did not exhibit apparent water seepage cracks, powdering, hollowing, peeling, etc. There was no occurrence of facing brick detachment or damage. The outer surface concrete of the wall panel experienced resistance during normal thermal expansion and contraction, generating compressive stress during expansion and tensile stress when contracted. In addition, the bond strength of the specimens decreased by 8.1% after the thermal-rain cycles, 5.1% after the thermal-cold cycles, and 12.1% after the freeze-thaw cycles. In the numerical simulations, the temperature stress at various positions on the concrete wall had a noticeable mutual restraining effect on the force deformation of the nearby concrete. There was a significant risk of cracking in the middle and around the opening, particularly in the lower part of the wall panel. This study serves as a basis for the degradation analyses and optimization design of the sandwich insulation wall panels for sustainability.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene compounded with carbon nanohorn (CNH) by an electrostatic self-assembly method was proposed and then fabricated as room temperature ammonia (NH3) gas sensors. The successful preparation of the Ti3C2Tx/CNH nanocomposite has been characterized in detail. The NH3 sensing performance based on Ti3C2Tx/CNH also has been tested at room temperature. The optimal Ti3C2Tx/CNH sensor has a response value of 21.6% to 100 ppm NH3 at room temperature, which is 10 times higher than that of the pure Ti3C2Tx sensor. Furthermore, this sensor is endowed with excellent selectivity, reliable long-term stability, and reproducibility. The enhanced sensing performance is associated with the interconnected structure and the synergistic effect of Ti3C2Tx and CNH. This work provides an effective way to prepare MXene-based sensitive materials for NH3 sensors, which shows excellent NH3 detection potential at room temperature.
{"title":"Heterostructured Ti3C2Tx/carbon nanohorn-based gas sensor for NH3 detection at room temperature","authors":"Yutong Han, Yuan Ding, Yu Yao, Zhanhong Li, Zhigang Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1383538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1383538","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene compounded with carbon nanohorn (CNH) by an electrostatic self-assembly method was proposed and then fabricated as room temperature ammonia (NH3) gas sensors. The successful preparation of the Ti3C2Tx/CNH nanocomposite has been characterized in detail. The NH3 sensing performance based on Ti3C2Tx/CNH also has been tested at room temperature. The optimal Ti3C2Tx/CNH sensor has a response value of 21.6% to 100 ppm NH3 at room temperature, which is 10 times higher than that of the pure Ti3C2Tx sensor. Furthermore, this sensor is endowed with excellent selectivity, reliable long-term stability, and reproducibility. The enhanced sensing performance is associated with the interconnected structure and the synergistic effect of Ti3C2Tx and CNH. This work provides an effective way to prepare MXene-based sensitive materials for NH3 sensors, which shows excellent NH3 detection potential at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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