Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1401018
Huang Jianqiu, Jin Zhuo, Wang Haiping, Ling Tao, Peng Xuejun, Tang Yu, Liu Qin, Li Xi
The dynamic compaction method has been widely adopted in foundation treatment to densify the soil fillers. However, for the complexity of the impact behavior and soil mechanical properties, the theoretical research of dynamic compaction lags behind its practice for complex soil properties and stress paths. This paper presents a theoretical model applied to describe soil column plastic deformation under impact load. The relationship among stress increment, strain increment, and plastic wave velocity was derived from the aspect of propagation characteristics of stress waves in soil first. Combined with the Duncan-Chang Model, a one-dimensional theoretical model was established then. A numerical model was developed further to check the performance of the model. It showed that the deformation at the end of the soil column was mushroom-shaped. Both the axial and lateral deformation increased with the impact velocity. While some particles located at the side of the soil column end may splash under repeated impact. The theoretical deformations of the soil column were consistent with the experimental results both in the direction of axial and lateral.
{"title":"A theoretical model and verification of soil column deformation under impact load based on the Duncan-Chang model","authors":"Huang Jianqiu, Jin Zhuo, Wang Haiping, Ling Tao, Peng Xuejun, Tang Yu, Liu Qin, Li Xi","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1401018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1401018","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic compaction method has been widely adopted in foundation treatment to densify the soil fillers. However, for the complexity of the impact behavior and soil mechanical properties, the theoretical research of dynamic compaction lags behind its practice for complex soil properties and stress paths. This paper presents a theoretical model applied to describe soil column plastic deformation under impact load. The relationship among stress increment, strain increment, and plastic wave velocity was derived from the aspect of propagation characteristics of stress waves in soil first. Combined with the Duncan-Chang Model, a one-dimensional theoretical model was established then. A numerical model was developed further to check the performance of the model. It showed that the deformation at the end of the soil column was mushroom-shaped. Both the axial and lateral deformation increased with the impact velocity. While some particles located at the side of the soil column end may splash under repeated impact. The theoretical deformations of the soil column were consistent with the experimental results both in the direction of axial and lateral.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1351954
Longqi Liu, Zhenhao Fan, Linhu Yao, Yunshu Yang
Alluvial-diluvial soil-rock mixture (ADSRM) is a unique geological material primarily consisting of pebbles, gravel, and soil. Gradation design significantly enhances the shear strength of ADSRM, offering significant implications for sustainable construction of transportation infrastructure in mountainous regions. Hence, the N-method of gradation theory was employed for the gradation design of ADSRM fillers in this study. Macro-mechanical testing reveals that the graded sample exhibits significantly higher shear strength, equivalent cohesion, and friction angle compared to the ungraded sample, with more pronounced shear dilatancy. Meso-shear properties suggest that the graded sample has a lower percentage of pore area compared to the ungraded sample, but a higher percentage of small pores relative to total pores, and more crushed rock blocks under the same normal stress conditions. Pore abundance indicates that the majority of pores on the shear plane are oblate in shape. The findings from the equivalent diameter and fractal dimension of the rock block contour suggest improved grinding roundness of rock blocks in the graded sample post-shearing. In summary, the quantity of pores and broken rock blocks primarily impacts the strength and equivalent cohesion of the filler, while the abundance, roundness, shape coefficient, and fractal dimension of rock block contour mainly affects the internal friction angle.
冲积-冲积土岩混合物（ADSRM）是一种独特的地质材料，主要由卵石、砾石和土壤组成。级配设计可大大提高 ADSRM 的抗剪强度，对山区交通基础设施的可持续建设具有重要意义。因此，本研究采用 N 级配理论方法对 ADSRM 填料进行级配设计。宏观力学测试表明，与未分级样品相比，分级样品的剪切强度、等效内聚力和摩擦角明显更高，剪切扩张性更明显。介观剪切特性表明，与未分级样本相比，分级样本的孔隙面积百分比较低，但小孔隙占总孔隙的百分比较高，在相同的法向应力条件下，破碎岩块更多。孔隙丰度表明，剪切面上的大部分孔隙呈扁圆形。岩块轮廓的等效直径和分形尺寸的研究结果表明，剪切后分级样本中岩块的磨圆度有所提高。总之，孔隙和破碎岩块的数量主要影响填料的强度和等效内聚力，而岩块轮廓的丰度、圆度、形状系数和分形尺寸则主要影响内摩擦角。
{"title":"Effect of gradation on macro-meso shear properties of the alluvial-diluvial soil-rock mixture (ADSRM)","authors":"Longqi Liu, Zhenhao Fan, Linhu Yao, Yunshu Yang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1351954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1351954","url":null,"abstract":"Alluvial-diluvial soil-rock mixture (ADSRM) is a unique geological material primarily consisting of pebbles, gravel, and soil. Gradation design significantly enhances the shear strength of ADSRM, offering significant implications for sustainable construction of transportation infrastructure in mountainous regions. Hence, the N-method of gradation theory was employed for the gradation design of ADSRM fillers in this study. Macro-mechanical testing reveals that the graded sample exhibits significantly higher shear strength, equivalent cohesion, and friction angle compared to the ungraded sample, with more pronounced shear dilatancy. Meso-shear properties suggest that the graded sample has a lower percentage of pore area compared to the ungraded sample, but a higher percentage of small pores relative to total pores, and more crushed rock blocks under the same normal stress conditions. Pore abundance indicates that the majority of pores on the shear plane are oblate in shape. The findings from the equivalent diameter and fractal dimension of the rock block contour suggest improved grinding roundness of rock blocks in the graded sample post-shearing. In summary, the quantity of pores and broken rock blocks primarily impacts the strength and equivalent cohesion of the filler, while the abundance, roundness, shape coefficient, and fractal dimension of rock block contour mainly affects the internal friction angle.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1386694
Noureddine Ouerfelli, Narcisa Vrinceanu, Ezzedine Mliki, Kamal A. Amin, Lotfi Snoussi, Diana Coman, Dalila Mrabet
BackgroundSynovial fluid (SF) is often used for diagnostic and research purposes as it reflects the local inflammatory environment. Owing to its complex composition, especially the presence of hyaluronic acid, SF is usually viscous and non-homogeneous. The presence of high-molar-mass hyaluronan in this fluid gives it the required viscosity for its function as a lubricant. Viscosity is the greatest major hydraulic attribute of the SF in articular cartilage.MethodsEmpirical modeling of previously published results was performed. In this study, we explored the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid that could be used to model the SF flow. Analyzing the flow in a simple geometry can help explain the model’s efficacy and assess the SF models. By employing some viscosity data reported elsewhere, we summarized the dynamic viscosity values of normal human SF of the knee joints in terms of time after injecting hyaluronidase (HYAL) at 25°C. The suggested quadratic behavior was obtained through extrapolation. For accurate diagnosis or prediction, the comparison between three specific parameters (ai, t0, and ln η0) was made for normal and pathological cases under the same experimental conditions for treatment by addition of HYAL and for investigation of the rheological properties. A new model on the variation of viscosity on the SF of knee joints with time after injection of HYAL with respect to normal and postmortem samples at different velocity gradients was proposed using data previously reported elsewhere.ResultsThe rheological behavior of SF changes progressively over time from non-Newtonian to a Newtonian profile, where the viscosity has a limiting constant value (η0) independent of the gradient velocity at a unique characteristic time (t0 ≈ 8.5 h). The proposed three-parameter model with physical meaning offers insights into future pathological cases. The outcomes of this work are expected to offer new perspectives for diagnosis, criteria, and prediction of pathological case types through comparisons with new parameter values treated under the same experimental conditions as HYAL injection. This study also highlights the importance of HYAL treatment for better intra-assay precision.
背景由于滑膜液（SF）能反映局部炎症环境，因此常用于诊断和研究。由于其成分复杂，特别是含有透明质酸，鞘磷脂通常是粘稠和不均匀的。由于这种液体中含有高摩尔质量的透明质酸，因此具有作为润滑剂所需的粘度。粘度是关节软骨中 SF 最大的主要水力特性。在这项研究中，我们探讨了可用于模拟 SF 流动的非牛顿流体的流动。分析简单几何形状中的流动有助于解释模型的有效性和评估 SF 模型。通过采用其他地方报道的一些粘度数据，我们总结了正常人膝关节 SF 在 25°C 注射透明质酸酶（HYAL）后随时间变化的动态粘度值。通过外推法得出了所建议的二次方行为。为了准确诊断或预测，在相同的实验条件下，对正常和病理病例的三个特定参数（ai、t0 和 ln η0）进行了比较，以便通过添加 HYAL 进行治疗和研究流变特性。结果膝关节 SF 的流变行为随着时间的推移从非牛顿型逐渐转变为牛顿型，其中粘度在特定的特征时间（t0 ≈ 8.5 h）具有与梯度速度无关的极限恒定值（η0）。所提出的具有物理意义的三参数模型为未来的病理病例提供了启示。通过与 HYAL 注入相同实验条件下处理的新参数值进行比较，这项工作的成果有望为病理病例类型的诊断、标准和预测提供新的视角。本研究还强调了 HYAL 处理对于提高检测精度的重要性。
{"title":"Frontiers | Rheological behavior of the synovial fluid: a mathematical challenge","authors":"Noureddine Ouerfelli, Narcisa Vrinceanu, Ezzedine Mliki, Kamal A. Amin, Lotfi Snoussi, Diana Coman, Dalila Mrabet","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1386694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1386694","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundSynovial fluid (SF) is often used for diagnostic and research purposes as it reflects the local inflammatory environment. Owing to its complex composition, especially the presence of hyaluronic acid, SF is usually viscous and non-homogeneous. The presence of high-molar-mass hyaluronan in this fluid gives it the required viscosity for its function as a lubricant. Viscosity is the greatest major hydraulic attribute of the SF in articular cartilage.MethodsEmpirical modeling of previously published results was performed. In this study, we explored the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid that could be used to model the SF flow. Analyzing the flow in a simple geometry can help explain the model’s efficacy and assess the SF models. By employing some viscosity data reported elsewhere, we summarized the dynamic viscosity values of normal human SF of the knee joints in terms of time after injecting hyaluronidase (HYAL) at 25°C. The suggested quadratic behavior was obtained through extrapolation. For accurate diagnosis or prediction, the comparison between three specific parameters (ai, t0, and ln η0) was made for normal and pathological cases under the same experimental conditions for treatment by addition of HYAL and for investigation of the rheological properties. A new model on the variation of viscosity on the SF of knee joints with time after injection of HYAL with respect to normal and postmortem samples at different velocity gradients was proposed using data previously reported elsewhere.ResultsThe rheological behavior of SF changes progressively over time from non-Newtonian to a Newtonian profile, where the viscosity has a limiting constant value (η0) independent of the gradient velocity at a unique characteristic time (t0 ≈ 8.5 h). The proposed three-parameter model with physical meaning offers insights into future pathological cases. The outcomes of this work are expected to offer new perspectives for diagnosis, criteria, and prediction of pathological case types through comparisons with new parameter values treated under the same experimental conditions as HYAL injection. This study also highlights the importance of HYAL treatment for better intra-assay precision.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presented a new approach for noncontact inspection of defects in milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber with laser ultrasonic testing method and synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). Firstly, laser ultrasonic testing methods for milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber was studied. Subsequently, numerical models were constructed to analyze the influence of defects on laser-excited signals. The analysis revealed that the brazed defects caused internal waves to reflect on the rib surface, manifesting as defect echo signals preceding the outer wall echo. Through scanning setting, the obtained SAFT images illustrate the presence of the defect directly and clearly. Furthermore, an experimental system was established to detect and image artificial defects with different degrees of weld leakage. The experimental results are consistent with simulation results, validating the capability and effectiveness of the testing and imaging method. In general, the proposed laser ultrasound method offers inherent advantages of non-contact detection with high resolution and precision, and it is easy to achieve fast and automated scanning of large and complex structures like thrust chambers, demonstrating its potential for enhancing the safety and reliability of liquid rocket engines.
{"title":"Frontiers | Laser ultrasonic testing of defects in milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber","authors":"Yuhang Chen, Xing Kou, Yu Liu, Cuixiang Pei, Zhenmao Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1421323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1421323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presented a new approach for noncontact inspection of defects in milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber with laser ultrasonic testing method and synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). Firstly, laser ultrasonic testing methods for milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber was studied. Subsequently, numerical models were constructed to analyze the influence of defects on laser-excited signals. The analysis revealed that the brazed defects caused internal waves to reflect on the rib surface, manifesting as defect echo signals preceding the outer wall echo. Through scanning setting, the obtained SAFT images illustrate the presence of the defect directly and clearly. Furthermore, an experimental system was established to detect and image artificial defects with different degrees of weld leakage. The experimental results are consistent with simulation results, validating the capability and effectiveness of the testing and imaging method. In general, the proposed laser ultrasound method offers inherent advantages of non-contact detection with high resolution and precision, and it is easy to achieve fast and automated scanning of large and complex structures like thrust chambers, demonstrating its potential for enhancing the safety and reliability of liquid rocket engines.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1408333
Zhen Wang, Jian Zhang, Fengqin Zhang, Changbao Qi
To utilise laser deposition for the preparation of high-strength, wear-resistant components, the service life of components in rail transportation equipment should be improved. Laser deposition technology is used to fabricate Fe‒Ni‒Ti coatings on the surface of AISI 1045 steel substrates. By varying the laser power to adjust the laser energy density, Fe‒Ni‒Ti composite coatings are prepared at various energy densities. The morphology, microstructure, phase composition, tensile strength, microhardness, and friction-wear characteristics of the composite coatings are observed and tested. The influence patterns and mechanisms of laser energy density on the organisational variation and friction-wear performance of composite coatings is investigated. When the laser energy density is 97.2 J/mm2 (1400 W), the residual stresses in the deposition layer are minimised, resulting in fewer cracks and gas pore defects, with a porosity rate reaching its lowest value of 1.2% and a density of 99.1%. With the increase in energy density, both the tensile strength and elongation of the deposited layer exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. The hardness and wear resistance of Fe‒Ni‒Ti deposition layers is effectively controlled by regulating the laser energy density.
{"title":"Frontiers | Impact of laser energy density on the structure and properties of laser-deposited Fe‒Ni‒Ti composite coatings","authors":"Zhen Wang, Jian Zhang, Fengqin Zhang, Changbao Qi","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1408333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1408333","url":null,"abstract":"To utilise laser deposition for the preparation of high-strength, wear-resistant components, the service life of components in rail transportation equipment should be improved. Laser deposition technology is used to fabricate Fe‒Ni‒Ti coatings on the surface of AISI 1045 steel substrates. By varying the laser power to adjust the laser energy density, Fe‒Ni‒Ti composite coatings are prepared at various energy densities. The morphology, microstructure, phase composition, tensile strength, microhardness, and friction-wear characteristics of the composite coatings are observed and tested. The influence patterns and mechanisms of laser energy density on the organisational variation and friction-wear performance of composite coatings is investigated. When the laser energy density is 97.2 J/mm2 (1400 W), the residual stresses in the deposition layer are minimised, resulting in fewer cracks and gas pore defects, with a porosity rate reaching its lowest value of 1.2% and a density of 99.1%. With the increase in energy density, both the tensile strength and elongation of the deposited layer exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. The hardness and wear resistance of Fe‒Ni‒Ti deposition layers is effectively controlled by regulating the laser energy density.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1365222
A. C. Mellinas, E. García-Serna, A. Jiménez, M. C. Garrigós
Antioxidant/antifungal active films based on bio-polyethylene (BPE) added with Nutrabiol®T90 and Tocobiol®Plus natural extracts rich in tocopherols at different concentrations (1 and 3 wt%) were developed by melt-blending followed by compression-molding. Thermal, barrier, mechanical, optical and functional properties of the developed active films were evaluated. The addition of active extracts did not cause important changes in thermal and barrier properties of active films whereas a significant increase in oxidative stability was found. Release kinetics of active additives migration showed higher tocopherol diffusion coefficient and antioxidant capacity, determined by the DPPH and ABTS methods, for films containing 3 wt% of Nutrabiol®T90. This film also delayed polymer oxidation in 260 min and extended strawberries shelf-life during storage for 7 days compared to neat BPE, showing a significant antifungal effect. The studied biomaterials offer great potential to substitute conventional petrol-derived materials at the industrial scale as active food packaging systems to increase the shelf-life of perishable foodstuff.
{"title":"Frontiers | Active films based on bio-polyethylene and natural extracts rich in tocopherols for food packaging applications","authors":"A. C. Mellinas, E. García-Serna, A. Jiménez, M. C. Garrigós","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1365222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1365222","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant/antifungal active films based on bio-polyethylene (BPE) added with Nutrabiol®T90 and Tocobiol®Plus natural extracts rich in tocopherols at different concentrations (1 and 3 wt%) were developed by melt-blending followed by compression-molding. Thermal, barrier, mechanical, optical and functional properties of the developed active films were evaluated. The addition of active extracts did not cause important changes in thermal and barrier properties of active films whereas a significant increase in oxidative stability was found. Release kinetics of active additives migration showed higher tocopherol diffusion coefficient and antioxidant capacity, determined by the DPPH and ABTS methods, for films containing 3 wt% of Nutrabiol®T90. This film also delayed polymer oxidation in 260 min and extended strawberries shelf-life during storage for 7 days compared to neat BPE, showing a significant antifungal effect. The studied biomaterials offer great potential to substitute conventional petrol-derived materials at the industrial scale as active food packaging systems to increase the shelf-life of perishable foodstuff.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1419697
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong, My Tien Ha, Doan Xuan Tien Nguyen, Ngoc Yen Nguyen, Huynh Anh Thi Huynh, Trieu Phu Hau, Tran Thi Bich Quyen, Manh Quan Nguyen, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Duy Toan Pham
The main antioxidant polyphenol compounds in the mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract are susceptible to environmental degradations. Thus, in biomedical applications, the mango leaf extract is commonly encapsulated in a carrier. However, most studies employed the synthetic carrier materials that could affect the human health, and the complicated formulation procedure that could hinder the scalability. Therefore, this work, for the first time, explored the use of silk fibroin (an FDA-approved biomaterial), in nanoparticles platform, to encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract, utilizing the simple coacervation preparation method. Initially, the mango leaf ethanolic extract was obtained through maceration, resulting in a total phenolic content of 76.39 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DPW and a notably high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.872 ± 0.512 μg/mL). Subsequently, silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with the extract were developed by the coacervation technique. Depending on the fibroin content, these nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate size range of 500–800 nm with narrow size distributions, a spherical shape with smooth surfaces, a dominant silk-II crystalline structure, a drug entrapment efficiency exceeding 70%, and retained the main biomarker mangiferin. Moreover, the phenolic-compounds release profiles from the particles followed the three-step process, the first burst-release step, the second sustained-release step, and the third degradation step. The particles were also non-toxic to the erythrocytes and the human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line. Lastly, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the mango leaf extract was preserved within the extract-loaded nanoparticles. The results suggested that the silk fibroin nanoparticles could be a potential platform to effectively encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract for biomedical purposes.
{"title":"Frontiers | Development and antioxidant evaluation of mango leaf (Mangifera indica L.) extract loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles","authors":"Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong, My Tien Ha, Doan Xuan Tien Nguyen, Ngoc Yen Nguyen, Huynh Anh Thi Huynh, Trieu Phu Hau, Tran Thi Bich Quyen, Manh Quan Nguyen, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Duy Toan Pham","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1419697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1419697","url":null,"abstract":"The main antioxidant polyphenol compounds in the mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract are susceptible to environmental degradations. Thus, in biomedical applications, the mango leaf extract is commonly encapsulated in a carrier. However, most studies employed the synthetic carrier materials that could affect the human health, and the complicated formulation procedure that could hinder the scalability. Therefore, this work, for the first time, explored the use of silk fibroin (an FDA-approved biomaterial), in nanoparticles platform, to encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract, utilizing the simple coacervation preparation method. Initially, the mango leaf ethanolic extract was obtained through maceration, resulting in a total phenolic content of 76.39 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DPW and a notably high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.872 ± 0.512 μg/mL). Subsequently, silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with the extract were developed by the coacervation technique. Depending on the fibroin content, these nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate size range of 500–800 nm with narrow size distributions, a spherical shape with smooth surfaces, a dominant silk-II crystalline structure, a drug entrapment efficiency exceeding 70%, and retained the main biomarker mangiferin. Moreover, the phenolic-compounds release profiles from the particles followed the three-step process, the first burst-release step, the second sustained-release step, and the third degradation step. The particles were also non-toxic to the erythrocytes and the human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line. Lastly, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the mango leaf extract was preserved within the extract-loaded nanoparticles. The results suggested that the silk fibroin nanoparticles could be a potential platform to effectively encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract for biomedical purposes.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1413620
Jie Chen, Hua Wu, Binyu Su, Weiqing Li
Introduction: In the continuous advancement of urbanization, abandoned buildings are a huge challenge in achieving sustainable development goals. If these legacy buildings are not properly handled, they will cause a huge burden on society, economy, and the environment. Based on the material flow analysis method, an evaluation index system was constructed for legacy building resources, and a systematic study was conducted on the reuse pathways of their waste.Methods: This study focuses on the material flow, reuse pathways, and resource utilization strategies of legacy construction waste, aiming to improve the reuse efficiency of waste building materials and promote the achievement of sustainable development goals. In the study, indicator design was used to quantify the obstacles to the reuse of legacy construction waste, and social and economic costs were analyzed to ensure the comprehensiveness and scientificity of the research.Results: The experimental results show that the waste recycling rate under the implementation of this strategy reached 82.7%, and the resource utilization rate increased by 50.1%. For the obstacles to the reuse of construction waste, the network density reaches 0.052, and the overall network structure shows a lack of concentration, indicating that the current management methods for construction waste reuse have further optimization space.Discussion: The study effectively promotes the sustainable utilization of legacy buildings in cities, which is of great significance for improving the quality of urban space and promoting sustainable social development.
{"title":"Frontiers | Strategies for effective reuse of waste from abandoned buildings under sustainable development","authors":"Jie Chen, Hua Wu, Binyu Su, Weiqing Li","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1413620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1413620","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the continuous advancement of urbanization, abandoned buildings are a huge challenge in achieving sustainable development goals. If these legacy buildings are not properly handled, they will cause a huge burden on society, economy, and the environment. Based on the material flow analysis method, an evaluation index system was constructed for legacy building resources, and a systematic study was conducted on the reuse pathways of their waste.Methods: This study focuses on the material flow, reuse pathways, and resource utilization strategies of legacy construction waste, aiming to improve the reuse efficiency of waste building materials and promote the achievement of sustainable development goals. In the study, indicator design was used to quantify the obstacles to the reuse of legacy construction waste, and social and economic costs were analyzed to ensure the comprehensiveness and scientificity of the research.Results: The experimental results show that the waste recycling rate under the implementation of this strategy reached 82.7%, and the resource utilization rate increased by 50.1%. For the obstacles to the reuse of construction waste, the network density reaches 0.052, and the overall network structure shows a lack of concentration, indicating that the current management methods for construction waste reuse have further optimization space.Discussion: The study effectively promotes the sustainable utilization of legacy buildings in cities, which is of great significance for improving the quality of urban space and promoting sustainable social development.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1362746
Omid Ghaderi, Mehran Zare, Hamed Sadabadi, Mohammad Reza Toroghinejad, Abbas Najafizadeh, Benjamin C. Church, Pradeep K. Rohatgi
In this study, the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method, a severe plastic deformation (SPD) process, was used to fabricate copper-2 wt% silicon carbide composite strips. The ARB process was successfully conducted for up to nine cycles on pure copper strips with silicon carbide particles distributed between them, as well as on monolithic copper. Equiaxed tensile and Vickers hardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples. SEM was utilized to study the fracture surfaces and to determine the fracture mechanism of ARB processed monolithic copper and composite samples after the tensile test. Texture parameters were calculated through X-ray analysis. The Rietveld method using MAUD software were employed to assess the crystallite size of the samples. Results indicated that average amount of porosity decreased and interface bonding between copper strip layers improved with increasing the number of ARB cycles. Moreover, an increased number of cycles led to homogeneous distribution of SiC particles within the copper matrix. The tensile strength of the fabricated composites improved with an increase in the number of cycles, ultimately reaching 483 MPa after nine cycles, compared to 388 MPa for the composite processed with a single cycle of ARB and 194 MPa for annealed copper strips. Initially, the elongation of the composite samples decreased dramatically to about 6% after applying five cycle of ARB process from the 46% observed for annealed pure copper strip. However, it improved as the process continued, reaching 8.9% after the ninth cycle. Investigation of fracture surfaces after the tensile test using SEM revealed that the dominant failure mode was shear ductile fracture. Analysis of sample textures demonstrated that the dominant texture was (100). Crystallite sizes for pure copper and nine cycles-rolled composites, as determined by Reitveld method, reached 111 nm and 89 nm, respectively.
{"title":"Frontiers | Structural and mechanical properties of Cu-SiCp nanocomposites fabricated by accumulative roll bonding (ARB)","authors":"Omid Ghaderi, Mehran Zare, Hamed Sadabadi, Mohammad Reza Toroghinejad, Abbas Najafizadeh, Benjamin C. Church, Pradeep K. Rohatgi","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1362746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1362746","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method, a severe plastic deformation (SPD) process, was used to fabricate copper-2 wt% silicon carbide composite strips. The ARB process was successfully conducted for up to nine cycles on pure copper strips with silicon carbide particles distributed between them, as well as on monolithic copper. Equiaxed tensile and Vickers hardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples. SEM was utilized to study the fracture surfaces and to determine the fracture mechanism of ARB processed monolithic copper and composite samples after the tensile test. Texture parameters were calculated through X-ray analysis. The Rietveld method using MAUD software were employed to assess the crystallite size of the samples. Results indicated that average amount of porosity decreased and interface bonding between copper strip layers improved with increasing the number of ARB cycles. Moreover, an increased number of cycles led to homogeneous distribution of SiC particles within the copper matrix. The tensile strength of the fabricated composites improved with an increase in the number of cycles, ultimately reaching 483 MPa after nine cycles, compared to 388 MPa for the composite processed with a single cycle of ARB and 194 MPa for annealed copper strips. Initially, the elongation of the composite samples decreased dramatically to about 6% after applying five cycle of ARB process from the 46% observed for annealed pure copper strip. However, it improved as the process continued, reaching 8.9% after the ninth cycle. Investigation of fracture surfaces after the tensile test using SEM revealed that the dominant failure mode was shear ductile fracture. Analysis of sample textures demonstrated that the dominant texture was (100). Crystallite sizes for pure copper and nine cycles-rolled composites, as determined by Reitveld method, reached 111 nm and 89 nm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1409310
Muhammad Yasir Siddique, Sehrish Zafar, Linta Rizwan, Muhammad Atif Saleem, Sajjad Haider, Waqar Azeem, Kamran Alam, Yasir Iqbal, Sajjad Hussain Sumrra, Muhammad Faizan Nazar
Microemulsions (μEs) are particularly suitable systems for the efficient delivery of anticancer drugs due to their thermodynamic stability, structural flexibility, and patient-friendly chemotherapies. Moreover, μE formulations can efficiently encapsulate the anticancer drugs and deliver them to the desired location. Herein, three new Tween-60-based µE formulations were developed to enhance the dissolution profile of anticancer methotrexate (MTX). For this, μE formulations using an appropriate ratio of castor oil (∼9%), water (∼11%), and Tween-60 (∼40%) were used, while ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol were selected as co-surfactants for each formulation, respectively. Preliminarily, the phase compatibility of the μE ingredients, the average μE region, and the structural transformation in the microstructure of μE were delineated by mapping the pseudoternary phase diagram, as well as electrical conductivity, viscosity, and optical microscopic measurements. The size distribution profile of the as-formulated μEs analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the fine monomodal assembly of MTX-μE nanodroplets (∼65 nm), which remained stable over a half year of storage. FTIR analysis showed good compatibility of MTX with μE ingredients with no apparent chemical interaction, while fluorescence measurements endorsed the acquisition of MTX in nonpolar microenvironments. Furthermore, an enhanced dissolution rate (>98% ± 1.5%, p ≤ 0.001) and superior bioavailability of the lyophilized non-aggregated methotrexate nanoparticles (MTX-NPs) were achieved, making them a suitable formulation for oral administration.
{"title":"Formulation and structural insight of biocompatible microemulsion for enhanced release profile of anticancer methotrexate","authors":"Muhammad Yasir Siddique, Sehrish Zafar, Linta Rizwan, Muhammad Atif Saleem, Sajjad Haider, Waqar Azeem, Kamran Alam, Yasir Iqbal, Sajjad Hussain Sumrra, Muhammad Faizan Nazar","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1409310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1409310","url":null,"abstract":"Microemulsions (μEs) are particularly suitable systems for the efficient delivery of anticancer drugs due to their thermodynamic stability, structural flexibility, and patient-friendly chemotherapies. Moreover, μE formulations can efficiently encapsulate the anticancer drugs and deliver them to the desired location. Herein, three new Tween-60-based µE formulations were developed to enhance the dissolution profile of anticancer methotrexate (MTX). For this, μE formulations using an appropriate ratio of castor oil (∼9%), water (∼11%), and Tween-60 (∼40%) were used, while ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol were selected as co-surfactants for each formulation, respectively. Preliminarily, the phase compatibility of the μE ingredients, the average μE region, and the structural transformation in the microstructure of μE were delineated by mapping the pseudoternary phase diagram, as well as electrical conductivity, viscosity, and optical microscopic measurements. The size distribution profile of the as-formulated μEs analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the fine monomodal assembly of MTX-μE nanodroplets (∼65 nm), which remained stable over a half year of storage. FTIR analysis showed good compatibility of MTX with μE ingredients with no apparent chemical interaction, while fluorescence measurements endorsed the acquisition of MTX in nonpolar microenvironments. Furthermore, an enhanced dissolution rate (&gt;98% ± 1.5%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.001) and superior bioavailability of the lyophilized non-aggregated methotrexate nanoparticles (MTX-NPs) were achieved, making them a suitable formulation for oral administration.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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