Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1415144
Weidong Yang, Huaxin Liu, Hesong Wang
In enhancing the high-temperature resistance of concrete, incorporating fiber materials was established as an effective approach. This study focused on evaluating the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, prism compressive strength, and flexural strength of plain concrete, nano-SiO2 concrete, and basalt fiber nano-SiO2 concrete when subjected to elevated temperatures. Subsequently, a concrete strength prediction model was established, and a microstructure analysis of the specimens was conducted. The results indicated that after exposure to 800°C, the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, prism compressive strength, and flexural strength of basalt fiber-reinforced nano-SiO₂ concrete increased by 33.7%, 15.6%, 10.4%, and 17.2%, respectively, compared to plain concrete. Furthermore, the fitting values of the strength prediction model were all above 0.9. Microstructure analysis revealed that the filling effect of nano-SiO₂ made the concrete matrix denser, while the basalt fiber effectively restrained the formation of cracks in the concrete matrix. Additionally, nano-SiO₂ promoted the formation of hydrated calcium silicate from Ca(OH)₂(CH) and adhered to the basalt fiber, enhancing bonding and reducing the risk of concrete spalling.
{"title":"Experimental study on mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced nano-SiO2 concrete after high temperature","authors":"Weidong Yang, Huaxin Liu, Hesong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1415144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1415144","url":null,"abstract":"In enhancing the high-temperature resistance of concrete, incorporating fiber materials was established as an effective approach. This study focused on evaluating the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, prism compressive strength, and flexural strength of plain concrete, nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concrete, and basalt fiber nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concrete when subjected to elevated temperatures. Subsequently, a concrete strength prediction model was established, and a microstructure analysis of the specimens was conducted. The results indicated that after exposure to 800°C, the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, prism compressive strength, and flexural strength of basalt fiber-reinforced nano-SiO₂ concrete increased by 33.7%, 15.6%, 10.4%, and 17.2%, respectively, compared to plain concrete. Furthermore, the fitting values of the strength prediction model were all above 0.9. Microstructure analysis revealed that the filling effect of nano-SiO₂ made the concrete matrix denser, while the basalt fiber effectively restrained the formation of cracks in the concrete matrix. Additionally, nano-SiO₂ promoted the formation of hydrated calcium silicate from Ca(OH)₂(CH) and adhered to the basalt fiber, enhancing bonding and reducing the risk of concrete spalling.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1435814
Honggang Zhang, Yangpeng Zhang, Jie Chen, Wenchang Liu, Wensheng Wang
Waste rubber modified bitumen has gained significant attention as a sustainable and innovative material in the field of pavement engineering. This study aims to evaluate the performance of rubber modified bitumen mastic by considering its rheological properties, specifically focusing on preparation parameters, i.e., rubber content, mesh number, and filler to bitumen ratio. From the experimental results, the rheological properties of rubber modified bitumen mastic were significantly influenced by preparation parameters. Increasing the rubber powder content in bitumen mastic results in higher viscosity. Increasing the rubber content improves high-temperature rutting resistance to a certain extent, however, excessive rubber powder content would result in weakened high-temperature performance improvement. The rutting factor decreases gradually with an increase in the rubber mesh number. A ratio of filler to bitumen of 0.95 exhibits the best resistance to rutting at high temperatures. Higher rubber content and larger mesh number correspond to stronger low-temperature crack resistance in bitumen mastic. As the ratio of filler to bitumen increases, the low-temperature deformation capacity gradually decreases, resulting in weaker low-temperature crack resistance. Based on the grey relation analysis, the ratio of filler to bitumen has the greatest impact on the high and low-temperature rheological properties of bitumen mastic, followed by the rubber content. The rubber mesh number has a relatively lower impact. It is crucial to control the ratio of filler to bitumen to avoid excessive values. When possible, a higher rubber powder content should be used while meeting process requirements. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of rubber modified bitumen mastic, which can contribute to the development of sustainable and high-performance bitumen mixtures, promoting the use of recycled rubber in pavement engineering.
{"title":"Influence of preparation parameters on rheological properties and relation analysis of waste rubber modified bitumen mastic","authors":"Honggang Zhang, Yangpeng Zhang, Jie Chen, Wenchang Liu, Wensheng Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1435814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1435814","url":null,"abstract":"Waste rubber modified bitumen has gained significant attention as a sustainable and innovative material in the field of pavement engineering. This study aims to evaluate the performance of rubber modified bitumen mastic by considering its rheological properties, specifically focusing on preparation parameters, i.e., rubber content, mesh number, and filler to bitumen ratio. From the experimental results, the rheological properties of rubber modified bitumen mastic were significantly influenced by preparation parameters. Increasing the rubber powder content in bitumen mastic results in higher viscosity. Increasing the rubber content improves high-temperature rutting resistance to a certain extent, however, excessive rubber powder content would result in weakened high-temperature performance improvement. The rutting factor decreases gradually with an increase in the rubber mesh number. A ratio of filler to bitumen of 0.95 exhibits the best resistance to rutting at high temperatures. Higher rubber content and larger mesh number correspond to stronger low-temperature crack resistance in bitumen mastic. As the ratio of filler to bitumen increases, the low-temperature deformation capacity gradually decreases, resulting in weaker low-temperature crack resistance. Based on the grey relation analysis, the ratio of filler to bitumen has the greatest impact on the high and low-temperature rheological properties of bitumen mastic, followed by the rubber content. The rubber mesh number has a relatively lower impact. It is crucial to control the ratio of filler to bitumen to avoid excessive values. When possible, a higher rubber powder content should be used while meeting process requirements. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of rubber modified bitumen mastic, which can contribute to the development of sustainable and high-performance bitumen mixtures, promoting the use of recycled rubber in pavement engineering.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1422398
Mariya Aleksandrova
Introduction: Traps at the interface between carbyne and palladium nanocoatings, produced at different growth conditions, are explored by current-voltage characteristics, scanning electron microscopy and thermal stimulation of charges for evaluation of their nature. It was found that the Pd films can form an Ohmic contact with the carbyne at certain deposition conditions and such deviated from the Ohmic behavior according to the RF sputtering voltage. This growth parameter was found to affect the interfacial traps formation on the carbyne surface, which is important feature for the charge trapping and releasing properties for hydrogen isotopes in the context of the energy release applications.Methods, Results and Discussion: The sputtering voltages of 0.5 kV and 0.7 kV were found unsuitable for controlled trap formation. Based on the currentvoltage and thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurements, a sputtering voltage of 0.9 kV appeared to be more favorable compared to 0.5 kV and 0.7 kV. At 0.9 kV thermal activation of charge carriers are enabled at lower thermal energies, showing a distinct change in TSC behavior correlated to trap activation.
{"title":"Investigating the role of palladium electrical contacts in interactions with carbyne nanomaterial solid matter","authors":"Mariya Aleksandrova","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1422398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1422398","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Traps at the interface between carbyne and palladium nanocoatings, produced at different growth conditions, are explored by current-voltage characteristics, scanning electron microscopy and thermal stimulation of charges for evaluation of their nature. It was found that the Pd films can form an Ohmic contact with the carbyne at certain deposition conditions and such deviated from the Ohmic behavior according to the RF sputtering voltage. This growth parameter was found to affect the interfacial traps formation on the carbyne surface, which is important feature for the charge trapping and releasing properties for hydrogen isotopes in the context of the energy release applications.Methods, Results and Discussion: The sputtering voltages of 0.5 kV and 0.7 kV were found unsuitable for controlled trap formation. Based on the currentvoltage and thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurements, a sputtering voltage of 0.9 kV appeared to be more favorable compared to 0.5 kV and 0.7 kV. At 0.9 kV thermal activation of charge carriers are enabled at lower thermal energies, showing a distinct change in TSC behavior correlated to trap activation.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1426979
Jinjin Ge, Gilbert Mubiana, Xiaoyu Gao, Yunfei Xiao, Suyong Du
High performance concrete (HPC) has the characteristics of high strength, high brittleness and low toughness, so it can not be widely used in engineering field. The rubber particles themselves have good elasticity and excellent wear resistance. To this end, rubber particles were used to prepare high performance rubber concrete (HPRC) instead of fine aggregate, and compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests were carried out according to standard test methods. These data were evaluated, and it was found that adding different mesh number (10 mesh, 20 mesh, 30 mesh) and different content (10%, 20%, 30%) of rubber particles reduced the compressive and tensile properties of high-performance rubber concrete to different degrees. The rubber particles with l size of 30 mesh and content of 10% have the least influence on the mechanical properties of high-performance rubber concrete, and the compressive strength and tensile strength of HPC 28 days only decrease by 18.19% and 5.56%, respectively. From the damage form, the addition of rubber particles makes the high performance concrete change from brittle to ductile. The research shows that recycling rubber from waste tires into concrete manufacturing is an environmentally friendly and feasible waste management strategy. These results have the potential to replace concrete in construction and promote sustainable growth.
{"title":"Research on static mechanical properties of high-performance rubber concrete","authors":"Jinjin Ge, Gilbert Mubiana, Xiaoyu Gao, Yunfei Xiao, Suyong Du","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1426979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1426979","url":null,"abstract":"High performance concrete (HPC) has the characteristics of high strength, high brittleness and low toughness, so it can not be widely used in engineering field. The rubber particles themselves have good elasticity and excellent wear resistance. To this end, rubber particles were used to prepare high performance rubber concrete (HPRC) instead of fine aggregate, and compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests were carried out according to standard test methods. These data were evaluated, and it was found that adding different mesh number (10 mesh, 20 mesh, 30 mesh) and different content (10%, 20%, 30%) of rubber particles reduced the compressive and tensile properties of high-performance rubber concrete to different degrees. The rubber particles with l size of 30 mesh and content of 10% have the least influence on the mechanical properties of high-performance rubber concrete, and the compressive strength and tensile strength of HPC 28 days only decrease by 18.19% and 5.56%, respectively. From the damage form, the addition of rubber particles makes the high performance concrete change from brittle to ductile. The research shows that recycling rubber from waste tires into concrete manufacturing is an environmentally friendly and feasible waste management strategy. These results have the potential to replace concrete in construction and promote sustainable growth.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1421546
Jian Wang, Tao Liu, Kaihuang Zheng, Hao Liu, Hongdao Cui, Hang Li
Warpage deformation is a typical phenomenon for polymer injection-molded parts, mainly caused by unbalanced cooling, and it is inevitable. Complex process parameters usually lead to uncontrollable thermal behavior of the polymer materials during injection molding and significant experimental errors. This work presents an experimental mold with a flat mold cavity and nine local heating sections to determine the exact effect of temperature difference on the thermal deformation of injection molded parts. Through local heating at different positions, different warpage deformation was caused. Experimental results demonstrated the relationship between the local temperature and the local thermal warpage. The predicted results of local temperature distribution by numerical simulation presented a strong negative correlation with the experimental results (R2 = 67%); however, the warpage prediction results by numerical simulation were moderate (R2 = 35%). Machine learning with neural networks was further conducted based on the experimental results. When more data was given with a suitable neural network structure, the model prediction accuracy of warpage could be up to 97%, while for the extrapolation test, the prediction accuracy could also be up to 89%. This local thermal heating technique and neural network modeling method can be applied in further theoretical investigation of warpage of injection molded parts and support the development of new models with high accuracy in predicting warpage deformation.
{"title":"Local thermal warpage deformation of polypropylene injection molded flat part and neural network prediction model","authors":"Jian Wang, Tao Liu, Kaihuang Zheng, Hao Liu, Hongdao Cui, Hang Li","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1421546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1421546","url":null,"abstract":"Warpage deformation is a typical phenomenon for polymer injection-molded parts, mainly caused by unbalanced cooling, and it is inevitable. Complex process parameters usually lead to uncontrollable thermal behavior of the polymer materials during injection molding and significant experimental errors. This work presents an experimental mold with a flat mold cavity and nine local heating sections to determine the exact effect of temperature difference on the thermal deformation of injection molded parts. Through local heating at different positions, different warpage deformation was caused. Experimental results demonstrated the relationship between the local temperature and the local thermal warpage. The predicted results of local temperature distribution by numerical simulation presented a strong negative correlation with the experimental results (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 67%); however, the warpage prediction results by numerical simulation were moderate (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 35%). Machine learning with neural networks was further conducted based on the experimental results. When more data was given with a suitable neural network structure, the model prediction accuracy of warpage could be up to 97%, while for the extrapolation test, the prediction accuracy could also be up to 89%. This local thermal heating technique and neural network modeling method can be applied in further theoretical investigation of warpage of injection molded parts and support the development of new models with high accuracy in predicting warpage deformation.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1407922
Juan Guo, Weifeng Liu, Jianbo Guo, Hongfa Yu, Haiyan Ma, Jun Yan, Qinghua Tao, Weiquan Gao, Meng Zhang, Fang Wang
The harsh geological conditions in the northwest region of China, characterized by widespread saline-alkali soil rich in alkali ions, pose a high risk of Alkali-Silica reaction (ASR) in concrete, particularly due to the presence of ASR-active natural river sands. To address ASR hazards, locally applied concrete often employs High-Performance concrete (HPC) prepared with high proportions of mineral admixtures. In this paper, the alkali content is controlled by adding mixed water with NaOH to the initial configuration of concrete, and three different alkali content states are set up. A 1 mol/L NaOH solution was used to simulate alkaline conditions, and HPC specimens were immersed for an extended period to investigate the effects of equivalent alkali content, immersion time, concrete strength, and admixture on the flexural mechanical properties of HPC under the condition of long-term alkali immersion. Results indicate that, the strength grade was positively correlated with the flexural strength of HPC, but the alkali content was negatively. Initial immersion significantly enhances strength, followed by a gradual decline after long-term immersion. Among three types of admixture addition methods, the impact on flexural strength of HPC immersed in alkaline solution for 10 years follows the order: Double doped air entraining agent and rust inhibitor is greater than single doped air entraining agent is greater than single doped rust inhibitor. In the process of macroscopic test, it is difficult to observe the variation rule of stress and strain in detail, only the final aggregate failure mode can be analyzed. In order to analyze the strain change of the specimen and the failure process of the aggregates more accurately, a three-dimensional random aggregate concrete mesoscopic model was established, and equations relating microhardness to the mechanical properties of concrete components were derived from statistical analysis, providing a basis for parameter selection in the model. Results demonstrate that with increasing strength, the occurrence time of initial cracks is delayed, and the ratio of cracks bypassing aggregates (cracks develop along the ITZ between aggregate and mortar until complete failure) decreases, and the ratio of cracks penetrating aggregates (cracks develop directly through aggregates in an almost vertical direction) increases.
{"title":"The flexural mechanical properties and mesoscopic mechanisms of fracture failure of HPC with ASR inhibition measures under prolonged alkaline solution immersion","authors":"Juan Guo, Weifeng Liu, Jianbo Guo, Hongfa Yu, Haiyan Ma, Jun Yan, Qinghua Tao, Weiquan Gao, Meng Zhang, Fang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1407922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1407922","url":null,"abstract":"The harsh geological conditions in the northwest region of China, characterized by widespread saline-alkali soil rich in alkali ions, pose a high risk of Alkali-Silica reaction (ASR) in concrete, particularly due to the presence of ASR-active natural river sands. To address ASR hazards, locally applied concrete often employs High-Performance concrete (HPC) prepared with high proportions of mineral admixtures. In this paper, the alkali content is controlled by adding mixed water with NaOH to the initial configuration of concrete, and three different alkali content states are set up. A 1 mol/L NaOH solution was used to simulate alkaline conditions, and HPC specimens were immersed for an extended period to investigate the effects of equivalent alkali content, immersion time, concrete strength, and admixture on the flexural mechanical properties of HPC under the condition of long-term alkali immersion. Results indicate that, the strength grade was positively correlated with the flexural strength of HPC, but the alkali content was negatively. Initial immersion significantly enhances strength, followed by a gradual decline after long-term immersion. Among three types of admixture addition methods, the impact on flexural strength of HPC immersed in alkaline solution for 10 years follows the order: Double doped air entraining agent and rust inhibitor is greater than single doped air entraining agent is greater than single doped rust inhibitor. In the process of macroscopic test, it is difficult to observe the variation rule of stress and strain in detail, only the final aggregate failure mode can be analyzed. In order to analyze the strain change of the specimen and the failure process of the aggregates more accurately, a three-dimensional random aggregate concrete mesoscopic model was established, and equations relating microhardness to the mechanical properties of concrete components were derived from statistical analysis, providing a basis for parameter selection in the model. Results demonstrate that with increasing strength, the occurrence time of initial cracks is delayed, and the ratio of cracks bypassing aggregates (cracks develop along the ITZ between aggregate and mortar until complete failure) decreases, and the ratio of cracks penetrating aggregates (cracks develop directly through aggregates in an almost vertical direction) increases.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1337843
Eghosa N. Ekhaese, Praise O. Akindoyin, Ibrahim A. Mohammed
There are 70.8 million Internally Displaced Persons in the world. In Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria has 16.5 million people and the highest displacement rate. IDPs in Nigeria need shelters primarily to mitigate homelessness and improve their quality of health through sustainable building materials (SBM) used in design and construction. The study aimed to investigate SBMs and their impact on the health/wellbeing of Displaced Persons in IDP facilities to promote the health benefits of SBMs. Assess the SBMs used to design IDP facilities in the three case studies; ascertain the health/wellbeing components of the SBMs; and analyse the impact of SBM on displaced persons’ health/wellbeing. The study used the mixed (quality and quantitative) research method while leveraging the case study design. The research philosophy is pragmatism, and the research paradigms are interpretivist and constructivist. The data collection instrument includes a questionnaire survey for quantitative data, an in-depth interview guide, and an observation schedule (direct and participant). The findings reveal that SBMs have some health benefits, SBMs have impacts on the IDPs’ wellbeing, and SBMs can be sourced locally. According to the study, SBMs can reflect the people’s culture, making IDPs homely, happy and comfortable with positive psychosocial impacts that may improve their mental health.
{"title":"Frontiers | Sustainable building materials (SBMs) and their impact on displaced persons health/wellbeing in selected IDP facilities, Nigeria","authors":"Eghosa N. Ekhaese, Praise O. Akindoyin, Ibrahim A. Mohammed","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1337843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1337843","url":null,"abstract":"There are 70.8 million Internally Displaced Persons in the world. In Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria has 16.5 million people and the highest displacement rate. IDPs in Nigeria need shelters primarily to mitigate homelessness and improve their quality of health through sustainable building materials (SBM) used in design and construction. The study aimed to investigate SBMs and their impact on the health/wellbeing of Displaced Persons in IDP facilities to promote the health benefits of SBMs. Assess the SBMs used to design IDP facilities in the three case studies; ascertain the health/wellbeing components of the SBMs; and analyse the impact of SBM on displaced persons’ health/wellbeing. The study used the mixed (quality and quantitative) research method while leveraging the case study design. The research philosophy is pragmatism, and the research paradigms are interpretivist and constructivist. The data collection instrument includes a questionnaire survey for quantitative data, an in-depth interview guide, and an observation schedule (direct and participant). The findings reveal that SBMs have some health benefits, SBMs have impacts on the IDPs’ wellbeing, and SBMs can be sourced locally. According to the study, SBMs can reflect the people’s culture, making IDPs homely, happy and comfortable with positive psychosocial impacts that may improve their mental health.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1420900
Ronglin Tu, Xiaoming Liu, Lin Xu, Xuemin Yao, Ran Zhang, Jiadi Li, Wenjun Zhang, Jinrong Liu, Xiuping Wu, Bing Li
Objectives: Due to the complexity and importance of oral bone structure, oral bone regeneration materials differ from those used in other parts of the body. To study the research trends and hotspots of oral bone regeneration materials, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of related papers from 1991 to 2023 (retrieved on 27 September 2023).Materials and methods: Using bibliometric methods, two visualization metric software, Citespace and VOSviewer, were used to analyze 1217 papers in SCIE, including paper analysis, author analysis, country and institution analysis, keyword analysis, and cited literature analysis.Results: (Alavi et al., Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, 2023, 136 (5), 554–68) The number of papers is generally increasing and gradually stabilizing; (Xia et al., Bioactive Materials, 2021, 6 (11), 4186–208) Buser D is the most influential author, while Jung, Ronald E has the highest number of papers and total citations; (Wagner et al., Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 2019, 8 (10), 1084–91) The United States has the highest number of papers and citation frequency. The University of Bern and the University of Zurich in Switzerland are not only the institutions with the most papers but also the institutions with the most collaborations with other institutions. (Gallego et al., T Engineering Part A, 2010, 16 (4), 1179–87) Many research directions have persisted for decades since their inception. The field of oral bone regeneration materials is constantly developing and improving. In recent years, the research direction in this field may mainly focus on the role of blood cells and proteins in bone regeneration. (Wang et al., Japanese Dental Science Review, 2022, 58, 233–48). In recent years, the types of cited literature mainly include barrier membranes, alveolar ridge augmentation, bone graft materials, histological examination, and in vivo animal experimental models.Conclusion: The United States and Switzerland have a significant influence in the field of oral bone regeneration materials. The research hotspot in recent years is mainly on tissue engineering materials. However, traditional materials still occupy a large proportion in clinical treatment or research. In addition, the combined use of new and old materials has gradually become one of the research hotspots in this field.
目的：由于口腔骨骼结构的复杂性和重要性，口腔骨再生材料不同于身体其他部位的骨再生材料。为了研究口腔骨再生材料的研究趋势和热点，本文对1991年至2023年（检索日期为2023年9月27日）的相关论文进行了文献计量分析：采用文献计量学方法，使用Citespace和VOSviewer两款可视化计量软件对SCIE中的1217篇论文进行分析，包括论文分析、作者分析、国家和机构分析、关键词分析、被引文献分析等。结果：（Alavi et al., Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, 2023, 136 (5), 554-68）论文数量总体呈上升趋势，并逐渐趋于稳定；（Xia et al、Bioactive Materials，2021，6 (11)，4186-208）Buser D是最有影响力的作者，而Jung，Ronald E的论文数量和总被引频次最高；（Wagner et al.，Stem Cells Translational Medicine，2019，8 (10)，1084-91）美国的论文数量和被引频次最高。瑞士伯尔尼大学和苏黎世大学不仅是论文数量最多的机构，也是与其他机构合作最多的机构。(Gallego 等人，《T Engineering Part A》，2010 年，16 (4)，1179-87）许多研究方向从一开始就坚持了几十年。口腔骨再生材料领域也在不断发展和完善。近年来，该领域的研究方向可能主要集中在血细胞和蛋白质在骨再生中的作用。(Wang 等人，《日本牙科科学评论》，2022 年，58 期，233-48 页）。近年来，被引用的文献类型主要包括屏障膜、牙槽嵴增高、骨移植材料、组织学检查、体内动物实验模型等：结论：美国和瑞士在口腔骨再生材料领域具有重要影响。近年来的研究热点主要集中在组织工程材料方面。但传统材料在临床治疗或研究中仍占有很大比重。此外，新旧材料的结合使用也逐渐成为该领域的研究热点之一。
{"title":"The current status and trends of oral bone regeneration materials: a bibliometric analysis from 1991 to 2023","authors":"Ronglin Tu, Xiaoming Liu, Lin Xu, Xuemin Yao, Ran Zhang, Jiadi Li, Wenjun Zhang, Jinrong Liu, Xiuping Wu, Bing Li","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1420900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1420900","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Due to the complexity and importance of oral bone structure, oral bone regeneration materials differ from those used in other parts of the body. To study the research trends and hotspots of oral bone regeneration materials, this paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of related papers from 1991 to 2023 (retrieved on 27 September 2023).Materials and methods: Using bibliometric methods, two visualization metric software, Citespace and VOSviewer, were used to analyze 1217 papers in SCIE, including paper analysis, author analysis, country and institution analysis, keyword analysis, and cited literature analysis.Results: (Alavi et al., Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, 2023, 136 (5), 554–68) The number of papers is generally increasing and gradually stabilizing; (Xia et al., Bioactive Materials, 2021, 6 (11), 4186–208) Buser D is the most influential author, while Jung, Ronald E has the highest number of papers and total citations; (Wagner et al., Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 2019, 8 (10), 1084–91) The United States has the highest number of papers and citation frequency. The University of Bern and the University of Zurich in Switzerland are not only the institutions with the most papers but also the institutions with the most collaborations with other institutions. (Gallego et al., T Engineering Part A, 2010, 16 (4), 1179–87) Many research directions have persisted for decades since their inception. The field of oral bone regeneration materials is constantly developing and improving. In recent years, the research direction in this field may mainly focus on the role of blood cells and proteins in bone regeneration. (Wang et al., Japanese Dental Science Review, 2022, 58, 233–48). In recent years, the types of cited literature mainly include barrier membranes, alveolar ridge augmentation, bone graft materials, histological examination, and <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> animal experimental models.Conclusion: The United States and Switzerland have a significant influence in the field of oral bone regeneration materials. The research hotspot in recent years is mainly on tissue engineering materials. However, traditional materials still occupy a large proportion in clinical treatment or research. In addition, the combined use of new and old materials has gradually become one of the research hotspots in this field.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1363270
Omid Ghaderi, Mehran Zare, Behzad Niroumand, Benjamin C. Church, Pradeep K. Rohatgi
Solidification processing of aluminum graphene composite is an attractive option for synthesis of metal matrix composites. Graphene reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (GAMMCs) are of interest due to the low density and ultrahigh physical and mechanical properties of Graphene which can improve the properties of Al-Graphene composites. However, solidification processing of aluminum graphene composites has served challenges, including agglomeration of reinforcement and porosity resulting in decrease in properties above 0.five to three wt% graphene. Also, the graphene surface can react with molten aluminum alloys to form aluminum carbide. Challenges with particle distribution and porosity are frequently caused by the poor wetting of reinforcement by melt, requiring additions of selected wetting agents. The other problems include movement of reinforcement within the melt due to density differences and convection leading to nonuniform distribution of reinforcements. The graphene reinforcements can be pushed by solidifying interfaces under certain conditions during solidification leading to segregation of reinforcements in the interdendritic regions. The paper critically analyzes the above problems related to solidification processing of Aluminum- Graphene composites which has not been done in previous publications aluminum-graphene composites. The objective of this paper is to examine the challenges, and suggest possible solutions including addition of elements like silicon and magnesium to aluminum melt, coating graphene with metals like nickel and copper, controlling rate of advancement and nature of advancing solid liquid interface in a manner that they engulf graphene with dendrites or grains.
{"title":"Selected challenges in solidification processing of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced aluminum alloys composites","authors":"Omid Ghaderi, Mehran Zare, Behzad Niroumand, Benjamin C. Church, Pradeep K. Rohatgi","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1363270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1363270","url":null,"abstract":"Solidification processing of aluminum graphene composite is an attractive option for synthesis of metal matrix composites. Graphene reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (GAMMCs) are of interest due to the low density and ultrahigh physical and mechanical properties of Graphene which can improve the properties of Al-Graphene composites. However, solidification processing of aluminum graphene composites has served challenges, including agglomeration of reinforcement and porosity resulting in decrease in properties above 0.five to three wt% graphene. Also, the graphene surface can react with molten aluminum alloys to form aluminum carbide. Challenges with particle distribution and porosity are frequently caused by the poor wetting of reinforcement by melt, requiring additions of selected wetting agents. The other problems include movement of reinforcement within the melt due to density differences and convection leading to nonuniform distribution of reinforcements. The graphene reinforcements can be pushed by solidifying interfaces under certain conditions during solidification leading to segregation of reinforcements in the interdendritic regions. The paper critically analyzes the above problems related to solidification processing of Aluminum- Graphene composites which has not been done in previous publications aluminum-graphene composites. The objective of this paper is to examine the challenges, and suggest possible solutions including addition of elements like silicon and magnesium to aluminum melt, coating graphene with metals like nickel and copper, controlling rate of advancement and nature of advancing solid liquid interface in a manner that they engulf graphene with dendrites or grains.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concrete structures are commonly used as secure settlements and strategic shelters due to their inherent strength, durability, and wide availability. Examining the robustness and integrity of strategic concrete structures in the face of super-energy projectiles is of utmost significance in safeguarding vital infrastructure sectors, ensuring the well-being of individuals, and advancing the course of worldwide sustainable progress. This research focuses on forecasting the penetration depth (BPD) through the application of robust models, such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) as ML models. The dataset used consists of 1,020 data points sourced from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), encompassing various parameters such as cement content (Cp), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash content (FA), water portion (Wp), superplasticizer content (Sp), coarse aggregate content (CA), fine aggregate content (FAA), concrete sample age (t), concrete compressive strength (CCS), gun type (G-type), bullet caliber (B-Cali), bullet weight (Wb), and bullet velocity (Vb). Feature selection techniques revealed that the MLP model, incorporating eight input variables (FA, CA, Sp, GGBFS, Cp, t, FAA, and CCS), provides the most accurate predictions for BPD across the entire dataset. Comparing the four models used in this study, KNN demonstrates distinct superiority over the other methods. KNN, a non-parametric ML model used for classification and regression, possesses several advantages, including simplicity, non-parametric nature, no training requirements, robustness to noisy data, suitability for large datasets, and interpretability. The results reveal that KNN outperforms the other models presented in this paper, exhibiting an R2 value of 0.9905 and an RMSE value of 0.1811 cm, signifying higher accuracy in its predictions compared to the other models. Finally, based on the error analysis across iterations, it is evident that the final accuracy error of the KNN model surpasses that of the SVM, MLP, and LightGBM models, respectively.
{"title":"Improving stability and safety in concrete structures against high-energy projectiles: a machine learning perspective","authors":"Qianhui Zhang, Yuzhen Jin, Guangzhi Wang, Qingmei Sun, Hamzeh Ghorbani","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1416918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1416918","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete structures are commonly used as secure settlements and strategic shelters due to their inherent strength, durability, and wide availability. Examining the robustness and integrity of strategic concrete structures in the face of super-energy projectiles is of utmost significance in safeguarding vital infrastructure sectors, ensuring the well-being of individuals, and advancing the course of worldwide sustainable progress. This research focuses on forecasting the penetration depth (BPD) through the application of robust models, such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) as ML models. The dataset used consists of 1,020 data points sourced from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), encompassing various parameters such as cement content (Cp), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash content (FA), water portion (Wp), superplasticizer content (Sp), coarse aggregate content (CA), fine aggregate content (FAA), concrete sample age (t), concrete compressive strength (CCS), gun type (G-type), bullet caliber (B-Cali), bullet weight (Wb), and bullet velocity (Vb). Feature selection techniques revealed that the MLP model, incorporating eight input variables (FA, CA, Sp, GGBFS, Cp, t, FAA, and CCS), provides the most accurate predictions for BPD across the entire dataset. Comparing the four models used in this study, KNN demonstrates distinct superiority over the other methods. KNN, a non-parametric ML model used for classification and regression, possesses several advantages, including simplicity, non-parametric nature, no training requirements, robustness to noisy data, suitability for large datasets, and interpretability. The results reveal that KNN outperforms the other models presented in this paper, exhibiting an R<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> value of 0.9905 and an RMSE value of 0.1811 cm, signifying higher accuracy in its predictions compared to the other models. Finally, based on the error analysis across iterations, it is evident that the final accuracy error of the KNN model surpasses that of the SVM, MLP, and LightGBM models, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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