Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1343076
Pramod Ravindra, Maximilian Liehr, Rajas Mathkari, Karsten Beckmann, Natalya Tokranova, Nathaniel Cady
Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) presents a transformative technology for diverse computing and artificial intelligence applications. However, variability in the high resistance state (HRS) has proved to be a challenge, impeding its widespread adoption. This study focuses on optimizing TaOx-based RRAMs by strategically placing a nitrogen-doped TaOx barrier-layer (BL) to mitigate variability in the HRS. Through comprehensive electrical characterization and measurements, we uncover the critical influence of BL positioning on HRS variability and identify the optimal location of the BL to achieve a 2x lowering of HRS variability as well as an expanded range of operating voltages. Incremental reset pulse amplitude measurements show that the TaOx:N maintains a low HRS variability even at higher operating voltages when the position of the BL is optimized. Our findings offer insights into stable and reliable RRAM operation, highlighting the potential of the proposed BL to enhance the functionality of TaOx-based RRAMs and elevate overall device performance.
{"title":"Optimization of the position of TaOx:N-based barrier layer in TaOx RRAM devices","authors":"Pramod Ravindra, Maximilian Liehr, Rajas Mathkari, Karsten Beckmann, Natalya Tokranova, Nathaniel Cady","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1343076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1343076","url":null,"abstract":"Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) presents a transformative technology for diverse computing and artificial intelligence applications. However, variability in the high resistance state (HRS) has proved to be a challenge, impeding its widespread adoption. This study focuses on optimizing TaOx-based RRAMs by strategically placing a nitrogen-doped TaOx barrier-layer (BL) to mitigate variability in the HRS. Through comprehensive electrical characterization and measurements, we uncover the critical influence of BL positioning on HRS variability and identify the optimal location of the BL to achieve a 2x lowering of HRS variability as well as an expanded range of operating voltages. Incremental reset pulse amplitude measurements show that the TaOx:N maintains a low HRS variability even at higher operating voltages when the position of the BL is optimized. Our findings offer insights into stable and reliable RRAM operation, highlighting the potential of the proposed BL to enhance the functionality of TaOx-based RRAMs and elevate overall device performance.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"128 Suppl 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1364828
Hyun-Kyung Chang, Yong-Gon Koh, Hyoung-Taek Hong, Kyoung-Tak Kang
Introduction: Kartogenin, a potent inducer of chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and a key agent in cartilage regeneration, presents a viable therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis management. Despite the abundance of literature on therapeutic potential of kartogenin, there is a paucity of studies characterizing the formulation specifics in microsphere fabrication. This exploration is pivotal to advances in regenerative medicine, particularly in the domain of cartilage regeneration, to assure clinical efficacy and safety.Methods: In this work, we fabricated kartogenin-loaded PLGA microspheres with diverse formulations and their particle size, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and release profiles were characterized. Ratio of polymer, drug, and solvent and the use of surfactant was used as variables, and in particular, the effect of surfactant on particles was investigated.Results: The average diameter of the spheres was 16.0–31.7 μm. Morphological variations from solid to porous surface structures depending on surfactant incorporation during the emulsification process was observed. Cumulative kartogenin release from microspheres ranged from 53.8% to 80.9% on day 28, and release profiles conform predominantly to the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model.Discussion: This study provides a foundational framework for modulating kartogenin release dynamics, a critical consideration for optimizing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing adverse effects in cartilage tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Preparation of kartogenin-loaded PLGA microspheres and a study of their drug release profiles","authors":"Hyun-Kyung Chang, Yong-Gon Koh, Hyoung-Taek Hong, Kyoung-Tak Kang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1364828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1364828","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Kartogenin, a potent inducer of chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and a key agent in cartilage regeneration, presents a viable therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis management. Despite the abundance of literature on therapeutic potential of kartogenin, there is a paucity of studies characterizing the formulation specifics in microsphere fabrication. This exploration is pivotal to advances in regenerative medicine, particularly in the domain of cartilage regeneration, to assure clinical efficacy and safety.Methods: In this work, we fabricated kartogenin-loaded PLGA microspheres with diverse formulations and their particle size, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and release profiles were characterized. Ratio of polymer, drug, and solvent and the use of surfactant was used as variables, and in particular, the effect of surfactant on particles was investigated.Results: The average diameter of the spheres was 16.0–31.7 μm. Morphological variations from solid to porous surface structures depending on surfactant incorporation during the emulsification process was observed. Cumulative kartogenin release from microspheres ranged from 53.8% to 80.9% on day 28, and release profiles conform predominantly to the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model.Discussion: This study provides a foundational framework for modulating kartogenin release dynamics, a critical consideration for optimizing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing adverse effects in cartilage tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1392875
Ghania Boukhatem, Messaouda Bencheikh, Mohammed Benzerara, S. M. Anas, Mohanad Muayad Sabri, Hadee Mohammad Najm
Several studies have explored the potential of waste marble powder (WMP) and lime (LM) as solutions for issues associated with clayey soils. While WMP enhances mechanical properties and addresses environmental concerns, LM effectively improves soil characteristics. This research investigates the efficacy of LM and WMP, both individually and in combination, in addressing challenges specific to clayey soils in Bouzaroura El Bouni, Algeria. These soils typically exhibit low load-bearing capacity, poor permeability, and erosion susceptibility. LM demonstrates promise in enhancing soil properties, while WMP not only addresses environmental concerns but also enhances mechanical characteristics, providing a dual benefit. The study utilizes a three-variable experiment employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken Design, with variations in clay content (88%–100%), LM treatment (1.5%–9%), and WMP inclusion (1.5%–9%). Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, reveals significant patterns with p-values <5%. Functional relationships between input variables (clay, LM, and WMP) and output variables (cohesion, friction angle, and unconfined compressive strength) are expressed through high determination coefficients (R2 = 99.84%, 77.83%, and 96.78%, respectively). Numerical optimization identifies optimal mixtures with desirability close to one (0.899–0.908), indicating successful achievement of the objective with 88% clay content, 3% LM, and 6% WMP. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing clay soil behavior for environmental sustainability and engineering applications, emphasizing the potential of LM and WMP as strategic additives.
{"title":"Optimizing properties of clayey soil using lime and waste marble powder: a sustainable approach for engineering applications","authors":"Ghania Boukhatem, Messaouda Bencheikh, Mohammed Benzerara, S. M. Anas, Mohanad Muayad Sabri, Hadee Mohammad Najm","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1392875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1392875","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have explored the potential of waste marble powder (WMP) and lime (LM) as solutions for issues associated with clayey soils. While WMP enhances mechanical properties and addresses environmental concerns, LM effectively improves soil characteristics. This research investigates the efficacy of LM and WMP, both individually and in combination, in addressing challenges specific to clayey soils in Bouzaroura El Bouni, Algeria. These soils typically exhibit low load-bearing capacity, poor permeability, and erosion susceptibility. LM demonstrates promise in enhancing soil properties, while WMP not only addresses environmental concerns but also enhances mechanical characteristics, providing a dual benefit. The study utilizes a three-variable experiment employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken Design, with variations in clay content (88%–100%), LM treatment (1.5%–9%), and WMP inclusion (1.5%–9%). Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, reveals significant patterns with <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-values &lt;5%. Functional relationships between input variables (clay, LM, and WMP) and output variables (cohesion, friction angle, and unconfined compressive strength) are expressed through high determination coefficients (R<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 99.84%, 77.83%, and 96.78%, respectively). Numerical optimization identifies optimal mixtures with desirability close to one (0.899–0.908), indicating successful achievement of the objective with 88% clay content, 3% LM, and 6% WMP. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing clay soil behavior for environmental sustainability and engineering applications, emphasizing the potential of LM and WMP as strategic additives.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1365747
Tyler C. Salrin, Caio B. Bragatto, Collin J. Wilkinson
Ionic transport is a critical property for the glass industry, since emerging applications such as sensors, batteries, and electric melting are based on the phenomenon. Short-range interactions (anion-charge carrier) have not been able to explain the total activation barrier observed experimentally, and, as such, it is critical to understand the larger role of all ions in a glass, not just the carrier and the ‘site’ ions. This research focuses on the role of network formers and their impact on diffusion in glasses, something that current models lack an explicit explanation of. Atomistic simulations with randomly generated parameters for the cation potentials and classical simulations were used to determine the diffusion coefficients and activation energies for synthetic network formers. Using this database, explainable machine learning algorithms were employed to explore network former interactions and determine which parameters are the most influential for ion diffusion. Results suggest that the bond length of the cations changes the geometry of the structure contributing the greatest to cation-modifier interactions.
{"title":"Investigating the role of network former interactions on charge carrier diffusivity in glasses","authors":"Tyler C. Salrin, Caio B. Bragatto, Collin J. Wilkinson","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1365747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1365747","url":null,"abstract":"Ionic transport is a critical property for the glass industry, since emerging applications such as sensors, batteries, and electric melting are based on the phenomenon. Short-range interactions (anion-charge carrier) have not been able to explain the total activation barrier observed experimentally, and, as such, it is critical to understand the larger role of all ions in a glass, not just the carrier and the ‘site’ ions. This research focuses on the role of network formers and their impact on diffusion in glasses, something that current models lack an explicit explanation of. Atomistic simulations with randomly generated parameters for the cation potentials and classical simulations were used to determine the diffusion coefficients and activation energies for synthetic network formers. Using this database, explainable machine learning algorithms were employed to explore network former interactions and determine which parameters are the most influential for ion diffusion. Results suggest that the bond length of the cations changes the geometry of the structure contributing the greatest to cation-modifier interactions.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140929102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1357094
Gamil M. S. Abdullah, Imran Mir Chohan, Mohsin Ali, Naraindas Bheel, Mahmood Ahmad, Taoufik Najeh, Yaser Gamil, Hamad R. Almujibah
The use of rubber aggregates derived from discarded rubber tyres in concrete is a pioneering approach to replacing natural aggregate (NA) and promoting sustainable building practices. Recycled aggregate in concrete serves the dual purpose of alleviating the accumulation of discarded rubber tyres on the planet and providing a more sustainable alternative to decreasing natural aggregate. Due to fact that the crumb rubber (CR) decreases the strength when used in concrete, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a nanomaterial to counteract the decrease in strength of crumb rubber concrete is a potential solution. Response Surface Methodology was developed to generate sixteen RUNs which contains different mix design by providing two input parameters like TiO2 at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by cement weight and CR at 10%, 20%, and 30% as substitutions for volume of sand. These mixtures underwent testing for 28 days to evaluate their mechanical, deformation, and durability properties. Moreover, the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus were recorded by 51.40 MPa, 4.47 MPa, 5.91 MPa, and 40.15 GPa when 1.5% TiO2 and 10% CR were added in rubberised concrete after 28 days respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of TiO2 led to reduced drying shrinkage and sorptivity in rubberized concrete, especially with increased TiO2 content. The study highlights that TiO2 inclusion refines pore size and densifies the interface between cement matrix and aggregate in hardened rubberized concrete. This transformative effect results in rubberized concrete demonstrating a commendable compressive strength comparable to normal concrete.
{"title":"Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations","authors":"Gamil M. S. Abdullah, Imran Mir Chohan, Mohsin Ali, Naraindas Bheel, Mahmood Ahmad, Taoufik Najeh, Yaser Gamil, Hamad R. Almujibah","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1357094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1357094","url":null,"abstract":"The use of rubber aggregates derived from discarded rubber tyres in concrete is a pioneering approach to replacing natural aggregate (NA) and promoting sustainable building practices. Recycled aggregate in concrete serves the dual purpose of alleviating the accumulation of discarded rubber tyres on the planet and providing a more sustainable alternative to decreasing natural aggregate. Due to fact that the crumb rubber (CR) decreases the strength when used in concrete, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) as a nanomaterial to counteract the decrease in strength of crumb rubber concrete is a potential solution. Response Surface Methodology was developed to generate sixteen RUNs which contains different mix design by providing two input parameters like TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by cement weight and CR at 10%, 20%, and 30% as substitutions for volume of sand. These mixtures underwent testing for 28 days to evaluate their mechanical, deformation, and durability properties. Moreover, the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus were recorded by 51.40 MPa, 4.47 MPa, 5.91 MPa, and 40.15 GPa when 1.5% TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and 10% CR were added in rubberised concrete after 28 days respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> led to reduced drying shrinkage and sorptivity in rubberized concrete, especially with increased TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> content. The study highlights that TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> inclusion refines pore size and densifies the interface between cement matrix and aggregate in hardened rubberized concrete. This transformative effect results in rubberized concrete demonstrating a commendable compressive strength comparable to normal concrete.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"44 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1356610
Ruben Hamming-Green, Marcel Van den Broek, Laura Bégon-Lours, Beatriz Noheda
Analog neuromorphic circuits use a range of volatile and non-volatile memristive effects to mimic the functionalities of neurons and synapses. Creating devices with combined effects is important for reducing the footprint and power consumption of neuromorphic circuits. This work presents an epitaxial SmNiO3/BaTiO3 electrical device that displays non-volatile memristive switching to either allow or block access to a volatile threshold switching regime. This behavior arises from coupling the BaTiO3 ferroelectric polarization to SmNiO3 metal–insulator transition; the polarization in the BaTiO3 layer that is in contact with the SmNiO3 layer modifies the device resistance continuously in a controllable, non-volatile manner. Additionally, the polarization state varies the threshold voltage at which the Joule-heating-driven insulator-to-metal phase transition occurs in the nickelate, which results in a negative differential resistance curve and produces a sharp, volatile threshold switch. Reliable current oscillations with stable frequencies, large amplitude, and a relatively low driving voltage are demonstrated when the device is placed in a Pearson–Anson-like circuit.
{"title":"Mixed volatility in a single device: memristive non-volatile and threshold switching in SmNiO3/BaTiO3 devices","authors":"Ruben Hamming-Green, Marcel Van den Broek, Laura Bégon-Lours, Beatriz Noheda","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1356610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1356610","url":null,"abstract":"Analog neuromorphic circuits use a range of volatile and non-volatile memristive effects to mimic the functionalities of neurons and synapses. Creating devices with combined effects is important for reducing the footprint and power consumption of neuromorphic circuits. This work presents an epitaxial SmNiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/BaTiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> electrical device that displays non-volatile memristive switching to either allow or block access to a volatile threshold switching regime. This behavior arises from coupling the BaTiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> ferroelectric polarization to SmNiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> metal–insulator transition; the polarization in the BaTiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> layer that is in contact with the SmNiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> layer modifies the device resistance continuously in a controllable, non-volatile manner. Additionally, the polarization state varies the threshold voltage at which the Joule-heating-driven insulator-to-metal phase transition occurs in the nickelate, which results in a negative differential resistance curve and produces a sharp, volatile threshold switch. Reliable current oscillations with stable frequencies, large amplitude, and a relatively low driving voltage are demonstrated when the device is placed in a Pearson–Anson-like circuit.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1412094
Zhen Li, Zhen Lu, Xiajun Liu, Jianxiang Wang
During the preparation of asphalt mixtures, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) polymers are susceptible to thermal decomposition, which can significantly impair the binder’s low-temperature performance. This study explores the potential of combining warming agents with waste materials to enhance the low-temperature properties and aging resistance of the binder. Specifically, it examines the synergistic impact of Sasobit/recycled engine oil (Sasobit/REO) composites on the rheological and physical attributes of styrene-butadiene rubber asphalt binder (SBRAB). Utilizing fluorescence microscopy (FM), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), the study assesses the aging resistance and modification mechanisms of Sasobit/REO on SBRAB. The findings indicate that the incorporation of Sasobit/REO composites more effectively reduces the mix preparation temperature than either component alone. The preparation of Sasobit/REO warm mix asphalt mixtures is feasible at temperatures 20°C lower than those required for traditional hot mixtures. These composites also enhance the performance of SBRAB at both high and low temperatures, counteracting the adverse effects associated with the individual use of Sasobit or REO. This reduced short-term aging temperature is beneficial in lessening the negative impact of high temperatures on SBRAB’s performance. Moreover, the addition of Sasobit/REO composites significantly improves the thermal cracking resistance of SBRAB mixtures. The study also demonstrates that Sasobit/REO enhances the short-term and long-term aging resistance of SBRAB, paving the way for the broader application of this novel warm mix additive in the asphalt industry.
{"title":"Investigating the synergistic anti-aging effects of Sasobit and recycled engine oil in styrene-butadiene rubber modified asphalt","authors":"Zhen Li, Zhen Lu, Xiajun Liu, Jianxiang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1412094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1412094","url":null,"abstract":"During the preparation of asphalt mixtures, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) polymers are susceptible to thermal decomposition, which can significantly impair the binder’s low-temperature performance. This study explores the potential of combining warming agents with waste materials to enhance the low-temperature properties and aging resistance of the binder. Specifically, it examines the synergistic impact of Sasobit/recycled engine oil (Sasobit/REO) composites on the rheological and physical attributes of styrene-butadiene rubber asphalt binder (SBRAB). Utilizing fluorescence microscopy (FM), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), the study assesses the aging resistance and modification mechanisms of Sasobit/REO on SBRAB. The findings indicate that the incorporation of Sasobit/REO composites more effectively reduces the mix preparation temperature than either component alone. The preparation of Sasobit/REO warm mix asphalt mixtures is feasible at temperatures 20°C lower than those required for traditional hot mixtures. These composites also enhance the performance of SBRAB at both high and low temperatures, counteracting the adverse effects associated with the individual use of Sasobit or REO. This reduced short-term aging temperature is beneficial in lessening the negative impact of high temperatures on SBRAB’s performance. Moreover, the addition of Sasobit/REO composites significantly improves the thermal cracking resistance of SBRAB mixtures. The study also demonstrates that Sasobit/REO enhances the short-term and long-term aging resistance of SBRAB, paving the way for the broader application of this novel warm mix additive in the asphalt industry.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1407485
Muhammad Ali Bhatti, Elmuez Dawi, Aneela Tahira, Ahmed Ali Hulio, Imran Ali Halepoto, Sajjad Ali Chang, Abdul Ghaffar Solangi, Ayman Nafady, Matteo Tonezzer, Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail, Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
A low temperature aqueous growth followed by mild pyrolysis was used in this study to synthesize high-quality carbonized materials from the deserted plant Citrullus Colocynthis. It was found that the carbon material prepared for this study contained an abundance of functional groups and surface active sites. A few microns were evidently the size of the carbon material. This study investigated a variety of photocatalytic performance evaluation parameters, including initial dye concentration of methylene blue, pH effect on dye solution, scavenger stability, and recycle stability via irradiating UV light. Methylene blue degradation was found to be significantly affected by pH and concentration of the dye solution. It has been found that pH five is the most effective pH for the removal of dyes. As a result of the study, we found that methylene blue decays according to pseudo first order kinetics and is estimated to remove dye at an almost 100% rate.
{"title":"UV photodegradation of methylene blue using microstructural carbon materials derived from citrullus colocynthis","authors":"Muhammad Ali Bhatti, Elmuez Dawi, Aneela Tahira, Ahmed Ali Hulio, Imran Ali Halepoto, Sajjad Ali Chang, Abdul Ghaffar Solangi, Ayman Nafady, Matteo Tonezzer, Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail, Zafar Hussain Ibupoto","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1407485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1407485","url":null,"abstract":"A low temperature aqueous growth followed by mild pyrolysis was used in this study to synthesize high-quality carbonized materials from the deserted plant Citrullus Colocynthis. It was found that the carbon material prepared for this study contained an abundance of functional groups and surface active sites. A few microns were evidently the size of the carbon material. This study investigated a variety of photocatalytic performance evaluation parameters, including initial dye concentration of methylene blue, pH effect on dye solution, scavenger stability, and recycle stability via irradiating UV light. Methylene blue degradation was found to be significantly affected by pH and concentration of the dye solution. It has been found that pH five is the most effective pH for the removal of dyes. As a result of the study, we found that methylene blue decays according to pseudo first order kinetics and is estimated to remove dye at an almost 100% rate.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1388122
Jinguang Huang, Yanlin Huo, Qunshan Su, Dong Lu, Yuanchao Wu, Xinhong Dong, Yang Gao
To mitigate the shrinkage of high-strength alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC), this paper introduces emulsified cooking oil (ECO) and emulsified waste cooking oil (EWCO) into the AASC system. The effects of admixing ECO and EWCO on the compressive strength, drying shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, carbonation, and sulfuric acid resistance of the AASC are systematically explored. The optimization mechanism is also proposed based on the surface tension and microstructural analysis. The experimental results show that the admixing ECO and EWCO slightly reduce the compressive strength of the AASC by 7.8%. Interestingly, the admixing ECO and EWCO significantly reduce the drying shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage, simultaneously improving the resistance to carbonation and sulfuric acid of the AASC. Specifically, the introduction of 2 wt.% ECO and EWCO can reduce the autogenous shrinkage of the AASC by 66.7% and 41.0%, respectively. Microstructural observations reveal that the addition of ECO and EWCO can reduce the internal surface tension of the AASC, improve the transport and diffusion of the pore solution, and increase the absorbable free water of the slag, which in turn reduces the shrinkage of the composites. It also increases the ionic concentration in the pore solution, resulting in a more complete reaction of the AASC, which can optimize the pore structure and thus improve the durability of the AASC. This study proposes a promising way to develop sustainable alkali-activated slag concrete achieved by recycling waste materials.
{"title":"Sustainable high-strength alkali-activated slag concrete is achieved by recycling emulsified waste cooking oil","authors":"Jinguang Huang, Yanlin Huo, Qunshan Su, Dong Lu, Yuanchao Wu, Xinhong Dong, Yang Gao","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1388122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1388122","url":null,"abstract":"To mitigate the shrinkage of high-strength alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC), this paper introduces emulsified cooking oil (ECO) and emulsified waste cooking oil (EWCO) into the AASC system. The effects of admixing ECO and EWCO on the compressive strength, drying shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, carbonation, and sulfuric acid resistance of the AASC are systematically explored. The optimization mechanism is also proposed based on the surface tension and microstructural analysis. The experimental results show that the admixing ECO and EWCO slightly reduce the compressive strength of the AASC by 7.8%. Interestingly, the admixing ECO and EWCO significantly reduce the drying shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage, simultaneously improving the resistance to carbonation and sulfuric acid of the AASC. Specifically, the introduction of 2 wt.% ECO and EWCO can reduce the autogenous shrinkage of the AASC by 66.7% and 41.0%, respectively. Microstructural observations reveal that the addition of ECO and EWCO can reduce the internal surface tension of the AASC, improve the transport and diffusion of the pore solution, and increase the absorbable free water of the slag, which in turn reduces the shrinkage of the composites. It also increases the ionic concentration in the pore solution, resulting in a more complete reaction of the AASC, which can optimize the pore structure and thus improve the durability of the AASC. This study proposes a promising way to develop sustainable alkali-activated slag concrete achieved by recycling waste materials.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1406583
Yu Lu, Jing Gu, Jinhe Yuan, Lina Wu, Xinxin Wang, Xiaofang Xu, Fuqiang Ye, Libin He
In light of escalating global climate change concerns and the pressing need to address industries with high carbon emissions and pollution, enhancing the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins has emerged as a critical research focus. This study seeks to fabricate waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins with superior performance by investigating pivotal factors influencing their properties and refining preparation methods. Utilizing tetrabutylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst, the phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins are synthesized via a two-step alkalization process. Subsequent etherification reactions involve modifying the phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins using cationic modifier diethanolamine (DEA) and anionic modifier sodium p-amino benzenesulfonate, resulting in waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins. Subsequently, in situ synthesis is employed to produce nanoscale silica (SiO2) modified waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins. The findings reveal that when the ratio of n1 to n2 falls within the range of 1/3.25 to 1/3, the emulsion displays a moderate particle size and maintains stable storage. Furthermore, an increase in DEA dosage leads to a particle size of less than 324 nm when the ratio of n1 to n2 exceeds 1/3, indicating stability. Moreover, optimal stability and prolonged storage lifespan are achieved when the nano SiO2 content is approximately 1.5%. This study contributes by synthesizing high-quality waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resin emulsions through optimized methods. The research findings offer a theoretical foundation for this domain and support the practical application of low-carbon and environmentally friendly concepts in the coatings industry.
{"title":"Optimization of preparation techniques for high-temperature resistant waterborne phenolic-epoxy resin emulsion under low carbon background","authors":"Yu Lu, Jing Gu, Jinhe Yuan, Lina Wu, Xinxin Wang, Xiaofang Xu, Fuqiang Ye, Libin He","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1406583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1406583","url":null,"abstract":"In light of escalating global climate change concerns and the pressing need to address industries with high carbon emissions and pollution, enhancing the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins has emerged as a critical research focus. This study seeks to fabricate waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins with superior performance by investigating pivotal factors influencing their properties and refining preparation methods. Utilizing tetrabutylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst, the phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins are synthesized via a two-step alkalization process. Subsequent etherification reactions involve modifying the phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins using cationic modifier diethanolamine (DEA) and anionic modifier sodium p-amino benzenesulfonate, resulting in waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins. Subsequently, <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> synthesis is employed to produce nanoscale silica (SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) modified waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resins. The findings reveal that when the ratio of n1 to n2 falls within the range of 1/3.25 to 1/3, the emulsion displays a moderate particle size and maintains stable storage. Furthermore, an increase in DEA dosage leads to a particle size of less than 324 nm when the ratio of n1 to n2 exceeds 1/3, indicating stability. Moreover, optimal stability and prolonged storage lifespan are achieved when the nano SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> content is approximately 1.5%. This study contributes by synthesizing high-quality waterborne phenol-formaldehyde epoxy resin emulsions through optimized methods. The research findings offer a theoretical foundation for this domain and support the practical application of low-carbon and environmentally friendly concepts in the coatings industry.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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