Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1444769
Yamin Han, Bin Lao, Xuan Zheng, Sheng Li, Run-Wei Li, Zhiming Wang
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have emerged as promising candidates for spintronic applications due to their unique electronic properties and novel quantum states. The intricate interplay between strong spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlations in TMOs gives rise to distinct spin and orbital textures, leading to enhanced spin-momentum locking and efficient charge-spin interconversion. Remarkably, recent researches have unveiled the significant and highly tunable nature of charge-spin interconversion efficiency in TMOs, which can be manipulated through strategies such as electric field gating, epitaxial strain, and heterostructure engineering. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in understanding the electronic band structures of TMOs and their correlation with charge-spin interconversion mechanisms. We summarize the tunability of these properties through various experimental approaches and discuss the potential implications for spintronic device applications. The insights gained from this review can guide future research efforts towards the development of high-performance, energy-efficient spintronic devices based on TMOs.
{"title":"Transition metal oxides: a new frontier in spintronics driven by novel quantum states and efficient charge-spin interconversion","authors":"Yamin Han, Bin Lao, Xuan Zheng, Sheng Li, Run-Wei Li, Zhiming Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1444769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1444769","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have emerged as promising candidates for spintronic applications due to their unique electronic properties and novel quantum states. The intricate interplay between strong spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlations in TMOs gives rise to distinct spin and orbital textures, leading to enhanced spin-momentum locking and efficient charge-spin interconversion. Remarkably, recent researches have unveiled the significant and highly tunable nature of charge-spin interconversion efficiency in TMOs, which can be manipulated through strategies such as electric field gating, epitaxial strain, and heterostructure engineering. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in understanding the electronic band structures of TMOs and their correlation with charge-spin interconversion mechanisms. We summarize the tunability of these properties through various experimental approaches and discuss the potential implications for spintronic device applications. The insights gained from this review can guide future research efforts towards the development of high-performance, energy-efficient spintronic devices based on TMOs.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study involves the preparation of continuous carbon fiber samples treated with epoxy-based sizing agent (EP) and vinyl ester resin-based sizing agent (VE), alongside untreated fibers, aiming to explore the influence pattern of interfacial differences caused by these sizing agents on the compressive properties of carbon fiber composites. Surface analysis, including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), followed by testing the mechanical properties of carbon fibers and the composite materials. Results indicate that, compared to unsized carbon fibers, EP and VE increase the O atom content on the carbon fiber surface by 13.0% and 18.1%, respectively, and enhance the proportion of active C atoms by 11.3% and 20.3%, respectively. The interlaminar shear strength (GB/T) of carbon fibers is improved by 9.3% and 20.0%, respectively. Given the compatibility between the sizing agent and the matrix resin, VE improves the open-hole compressive strength of composites by 6.7% compared to EP. This improvement in interface bonding performance positively impacts the open-hole compressive properties of the composites, though it has limited effect on the 0° compressive and post-impact compressive strengths. Following EP and VE sizing, the 0° compressive strength increases by 11.8% and 13.6%, respectively, with VE only resulting in a marginal 1.6% improvement over EP. The enhancements in both interlaminar shear strength and open-hole compressive strength are attributed to the increased number of active functional groups at the fiber-resin interface, facilitated by sizing agents, which promote stronger chemical bonding and thus improved load transfer between the fibers and the matrix. VE demonstrates superior performance over EP in regulating the interface state of carbon fibers.The presence or absence of a sizing agent has a more significant impact on the compressive properties of carbon fiber composites than the type of sizing agent used. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the preparation and enhancing the compressive performance of carbon fiber composite materials.
本研究制备了经过环氧基上浆剂（EP）和乙烯基酯树脂基上浆剂（VE）处理的连续碳纤维样品，以及未经处理的纤维，旨在探索这些上浆剂造成的界面差异对碳纤维复合材料抗压性能的影响模式。在进行了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表面分析后，还测试了碳纤维和复合材料的机械性能。结果表明，与未施胶的碳纤维相比，EP 和 VE 使碳纤维表面的 O 原子含量分别提高了 13.0% 和 18.1%，活性 C 原子的比例分别提高了 11.3% 和 20.3%。碳纤维的层间剪切强度（GB/T）分别提高了 9.3% 和 20.0%。鉴于施胶剂与基体树脂之间的相容性，与 EP 相比，VE 可将复合材料的开孔抗压强度提高 6.7%。界面粘结性能的提高对复合材料的开孔抗压性能产生了积极影响，但对 0° 抗压强度和冲击后抗压强度的影响有限。经过 EP 和 VE 施胶后，0° 抗压强度分别提高了 11.8% 和 13.6%，而 VE 只比 EP 稍微提高了 1.6%。层间剪切强度和开孔抗压强度的提高归因于纤维-树脂界面上活性官能团数量的增加，施胶剂促进了化学键的加强，从而改善了纤维与基体之间的载荷传递。在调节碳纤维界面状态方面，VE 的性能优于 EP。有无施胶剂对碳纤维复合材料抗压性能的影响比施胶剂的类型更为显著。这些发现为优化碳纤维复合材料的制备和提高其抗压性能提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Research on the effect of sizing agent on the interface and compression performance of carbon fiber composites","authors":"Xinfeng Ouyang, Guojie Ge, Yizhi Geng, Yangyang Zong, Tong Pan, Xiao Wang, Weiwei Zhu, Yuefeng Bai, Yunpeng Liu, Shuo Duan, Kangmin Niu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1437104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1437104","url":null,"abstract":"The present study involves the preparation of continuous carbon fiber samples treated with epoxy-based sizing agent (EP) and vinyl ester resin-based sizing agent (VE), alongside untreated fibers, aiming to explore the influence pattern of interfacial differences caused by these sizing agents on the compressive properties of carbon fiber composites. Surface analysis, including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), followed by testing the mechanical properties of carbon fibers and the composite materials. Results indicate that, compared to unsized carbon fibers, EP and VE increase the O atom content on the carbon fiber surface by 13.0% and 18.1%, respectively, and enhance the proportion of active C atoms by 11.3% and 20.3%, respectively. The interlaminar shear strength (GB/T) of carbon fibers is improved by 9.3% and 20.0%, respectively. Given the compatibility between the sizing agent and the matrix resin, VE improves the open-hole compressive strength of composites by 6.7% compared to EP. This improvement in interface bonding performance positively impacts the open-hole compressive properties of the composites, though it has limited effect on the 0° compressive and post-impact compressive strengths. Following EP and VE sizing, the 0° compressive strength increases by 11.8% and 13.6%, respectively, with VE only resulting in a marginal 1.6% improvement over EP. The enhancements in both interlaminar shear strength and open-hole compressive strength are attributed to the increased number of active functional groups at the fiber-resin interface, facilitated by sizing agents, which promote stronger chemical bonding and thus improved load transfer between the fibers and the matrix. VE demonstrates superior performance over EP in regulating the interface state of carbon fibers.The presence or absence of a sizing agent has a more significant impact on the compressive properties of carbon fiber composites than the type of sizing agent used. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the preparation and enhancing the compressive performance of carbon fiber composite materials.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1454120
Suraj Verma, Deepak Sahu, Bader O. Almutairi
Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, renewable alternative fuel, and it can be obtained from soybean oil, vegetable oils, animal fat, or microalgae. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the production and characterization of microalgae biodiesel utilizing multiple analytical techniques, including CHNSO analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The CHNSO analysis revealed the elemental composition of biodiesel blends, highlighting the effects of TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations on carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content. With increasing TiO2 concentration, a steady increase in the carbon content and a gradual decrease in the nitrogen content were observed. According to the CHNSO analysis, the sulfur content of blended biodiesel was found to be lower than that of fossil diesel, with an empirical formula of CH2.26N0.000584S0.000993O0.0517. FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of biodiesel. Fourier-transform infrared resonance confirmed the presence of ester groups at 1732 cm-1, and a prominent peak at 1,455 cm-1 indicated a higher carbon content in the blended biodiesel. GC–MS analysis identified compounds of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and hydrocarbons. The major components of FAMEs were 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (C19H36O2), linoleic acid ethyl ester (C20H36O2), and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17H34O2), with compositions 20.65%, 9.67%, and 6.26%, respectively. The presence of methyl ester in the blended fuel suggests its potential as an alternative fuel source.
{"title":"Production and characterization of biodiesel fuel produced from third-generation feedstock","authors":"Suraj Verma, Deepak Sahu, Bader O. Almutairi","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1454120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1454120","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, renewable alternative fuel, and it can be obtained from soybean oil, vegetable oils, animal fat, or microalgae. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the production and characterization of microalgae biodiesel utilizing multiple analytical techniques, including CHNSO analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>H NMR). The CHNSO analysis revealed the elemental composition of biodiesel blends, highlighting the effects of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticle concentrations on carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content. With increasing TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration, a steady increase in the carbon content and a gradual decrease in the nitrogen content were observed. According to the CHNSO analysis, the sulfur content of blended biodiesel was found to be lower than that of fossil diesel, with an empirical formula of CH<jats:sub>2.26</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>0.000584</jats:sub>S<jats:sub>0.000993</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>0.0517</jats:sub>. FTIR and <jats:sup>1</jats:sup>H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of biodiesel. Fourier-transform infrared resonance confirmed the presence of ester groups at 1732 cm<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>, and a prominent peak at 1,455 cm<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> indicated a higher carbon content in the blended biodiesel. GC–MS analysis identified compounds of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and hydrocarbons. The major components of FAMEs were 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (C<jats:sub>19</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>36</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), linoleic acid ethyl ester (C<jats:sub>20</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>36</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C<jats:sub>17</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>34</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), with compositions 20.65%, 9.67%, and 6.26%, respectively. The presence of methyl ester in the blended fuel suggests its potential as an alternative fuel source.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1435059
Jikai Tang, Bin Liu, Lijing Kang, Wei Fan, Debo Zhao, Tao Wang, Liang He, Jing Xie
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) confined concrete filled steel tube (CFST) structures effectively harness the advantages of FRP materials, improving the performance of CFST structures and overcoming durability issues of steel tubes. Three-dimensional detailed finite element (FE) models are usually employed to estimate the impact-resistant performance of FRP confined CFST members under impact loadings. However, detailed FE models are typically complex in modeling and low in calculation efficiency as well as require high performance in computer hardware. Hence, this paper aims to develop an alternative modeling method that can predict the impact behavior of FRP confined CFST members with high efficiency and low requirements in computer resources. The proposed method includes a contact model using mass-spring-damper elements to describe the contact behavior between the impactor and the impacted FRP confined CFST members and a nonlinear fiber-based beam-column element model to simulate the behavior of FRP-confined CFST members under impact loading. The accuracies of fiber-section beam-column elements are carefully examined for FRP confined CFST members based on quasi-static test data reported in the literature. It is found that the fiber-based elements considering confinement effects provided by FRP and steel tubes can accurately predict the force-deformation relationship of the FRP confined CFST members under monotonic loading. By incorporating the strain-rate effects of concrete, steel, and FRP materials, the validated fiber-section elements are employed to simulate eight impact tests on FRP confined CFST members. Good agreements are observed between the results obtained from the proposed models and the experimental data. The computational efficiency of the developed model is three orders of magnitude faster than that of the conventional detailed FE model.
{"title":"Numerically efficient analysis of FRP confined CFST members under lateral low-velocity impact loading","authors":"Jikai Tang, Bin Liu, Lijing Kang, Wei Fan, Debo Zhao, Tao Wang, Liang He, Jing Xie","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1435059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1435059","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) confined concrete filled steel tube (CFST) structures effectively harness the advantages of FRP materials, improving the performance of CFST structures and overcoming durability issues of steel tubes. Three-dimensional detailed finite element (FE) models are usually employed to estimate the impact-resistant performance of FRP confined CFST members under impact loadings. However, detailed FE models are typically complex in modeling and low in calculation efficiency as well as require high performance in computer hardware. Hence, this paper aims to develop an alternative modeling method that can predict the impact behavior of FRP confined CFST members with high efficiency and low requirements in computer resources. The proposed method includes a contact model using mass-spring-damper elements to describe the contact behavior between the impactor and the impacted FRP confined CFST members and a nonlinear fiber-based beam-column element model to simulate the behavior of FRP-confined CFST members under impact loading. The accuracies of fiber-section beam-column elements are carefully examined for FRP confined CFST members based on quasi-static test data reported in the literature. It is found that the fiber-based elements considering confinement effects provided by FRP and steel tubes can accurately predict the force-deformation relationship of the FRP confined CFST members under monotonic loading. By incorporating the strain-rate effects of concrete, steel, and FRP materials, the validated fiber-section elements are employed to simulate eight impact tests on FRP confined CFST members. Good agreements are observed between the results obtained from the proposed models and the experimental data. The computational efficiency of the developed model is three orders of magnitude faster than that of the conventional detailed FE model.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1425107
Benas Šilinskas, Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, Lina Beniušienė, Marius Aleinikovas
The study investigated the wood mechanical properties of black alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.], a widely distributed deciduous tree in Europe valued for its suitability in silviculture and wood industry applications. The aim was to compare these properties among selected half-sib families and assess the relationship between wood hardness and other characteristics. Experimental plantations of black alder progenies from Lithuanian populations were established in different forest regions in 1998. The study analyzed various parameters for different genetic families, including tree diameter, height, wood hardness, moisture content, wood density, and mechanical properties. The findings revealed significant variability in wood properties among half-sib families, highlighting a strong genetic influence. Although the static modulus of elasticity showed no notable difference across families, other properties showed significant variations. Furthermore, the analysis identified weak correlations between wood hardness and other mechanical properties like density, modulus of elasticity, and bending strength. This suggests that wood hardness may not reliably indicate wood quality for industrial applications. Consequently, the study recommends considering alternative non-destructive properties, such as the dynamic modulus of elasticity, in future genetic studies of black alder for more accurate assessments of wood quality.
{"title":"Variations in mechanical wood properties of half-sibling genetic families of black alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.]","authors":"Benas Šilinskas, Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, Lina Beniušienė, Marius Aleinikovas","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1425107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1425107","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the wood mechanical properties of black alder [<jats:italic>Alnus glutinosa</jats:italic> (L.) Gaertn.], a widely distributed deciduous tree in Europe valued for its suitability in silviculture and wood industry applications. The aim was to compare these properties among selected half-sib families and assess the relationship between wood hardness and other characteristics. Experimental plantations of black alder progenies from Lithuanian populations were established in different forest regions in 1998. The study analyzed various parameters for different genetic families, including tree diameter, height, wood hardness, moisture content, wood density, and mechanical properties. The findings revealed significant variability in wood properties among half-sib families, highlighting a strong genetic influence. Although the static modulus of elasticity showed no notable difference across families, other properties showed significant variations. Furthermore, the analysis identified weak correlations between wood hardness and other mechanical properties like density, modulus of elasticity, and bending strength. This suggests that wood hardness may not reliably indicate wood quality for industrial applications. Consequently, the study recommends considering alternative non-destructive properties, such as the dynamic modulus of elasticity, in future genetic studies of black alder for more accurate assessments of wood quality.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1448765
Arnau Romaguera, Marisa Medarde
Frustrated magnets with ordered magnetic spiral phases that spontaneously break inversion symmetry have received significant attention from both fundamental and applied sciences communities due to the experimental demonstration that some of these materials can couple to the lattice and induce electric polarization. In these materials, the common origin of the electric and magnetic orders guarantees substantial coupling between them, which is highly desirable for applications. However, their low-magnetic ordering temperatures (typically < 100 K) greatly restrict their fields of application. Recently, investigations on Cu/Fe-based layered perovskites uncovered an unexpected knob to control the stability range of a magnetic spiral-chemical disorder-, which has been successfully employed to stabilize magnetic spiral phases at temperatures as high as 400 K. These unexpected observations, which are hard to conciliate with traditional magnetic frustration mechanisms, were recently rationalized in terms of an original, local frustration model that explicitly accounts for the presence of disorder. In this mini-review, we summarize the main experimental observations on Cu/Fe layered perovskites, which show excellent agreement with the predictions of this novel magnetic frustration mechanism. We also present different strategies aimed at exploiting these experimental and theoretical developments for the design of materials featuring magnetoelectric spirals stable up to temperatures high enough for daily-life applications.
自发打破反转对称性的有序磁螺旋相挫折磁体受到了基础科学和应用科学界的极大关注，因为实验证明其中一些材料可以与晶格耦合并诱导电极化。在这些材料中，电阶和磁阶的共同起源保证了它们之间的实质性耦合，这在应用中是非常理想的。然而，它们的低磁有序温度（通常为 100 K）极大地限制了它们的应用领域。最近，对铜/铁基层状包晶石的研究发现了一种意想不到的控制磁性螺旋稳定范围的方法--化学无序，这种方法已被成功用于在高达 400 K 的温度下稳定磁性螺旋相。这些意想不到的观察结果很难与传统的磁沮度机制相吻合，而最近的研究则从一个原创的局部沮度模型的角度对其进行了合理化，该模型明确考虑了无序的存在。在这篇微型综述中，我们总结了对铜/铁层包晶石的主要实验观察结果，这些观察结果与这种新型磁沮度机制的预测非常吻合。我们还介绍了不同的策略，旨在利用这些实验和理论进展，设计出具有磁电螺旋特性的材料，使其在足够高的温度下保持稳定，以满足日常生活应用的需要。
{"title":"Room temperature magnetoelectric magnetic spirals by design","authors":"Arnau Romaguera, Marisa Medarde","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1448765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1448765","url":null,"abstract":"Frustrated magnets with ordered magnetic spiral phases that spontaneously break inversion symmetry have received significant attention from both fundamental and applied sciences communities due to the experimental demonstration that some of these materials can couple to the lattice and induce electric polarization. In these materials, the common origin of the electric and magnetic orders guarantees substantial coupling between them, which is highly desirable for applications. However, their low-magnetic ordering temperatures (typically <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:math></jats:inline-formula> 100 K) greatly restrict their fields of application. Recently, investigations on Cu/Fe-based layered perovskites uncovered an unexpected knob to control the stability range of a magnetic spiral-chemical disorder-, which has been successfully employed to stabilize magnetic spiral phases at temperatures as high as 400 K. These unexpected observations, which are hard to conciliate with traditional magnetic frustration mechanisms, were recently rationalized in terms of an original, local frustration model that explicitly accounts for the presence of disorder. In this mini-review, we summarize the main experimental observations on Cu/Fe layered perovskites, which show excellent agreement with the predictions of this novel magnetic frustration mechanism. We also present different strategies aimed at exploiting these experimental and theoretical developments for the design of materials featuring magnetoelectric spirals stable up to temperatures high enough for daily-life applications.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1453768
Chengbin Wang, Yadi Chen, Baoping An, Qinglin Guo, Yibo Wang
The arch expansion damage of asphalt pavement is a typical disease in desert Gobi and saline-alkali areas, and the reasons for arch expansion are very complex. Exploring the impact of salt solution on the mechanical and drying shrinkage performances of cement-stabilized macadam helps to clarify the causes of the arch expansion damage. To this purpose, this paper designed a salt solution infiltration experiment, using salt solution infiltration to simulate the transmission and accumulation of salts in cement-stabilized macadam, and carried out the compressive and flexural tests of cement-stabilized mortar and cement-stabilized macadam, and measured the drying shrinkage performance of cement-stabilized mortar and macadam. The results show that the type of salt solution has a significant influence on the weight of the cement-stabilized mortar samples, sulfates will cause the samples to lose weight, while chlorides and mixed solutions cause the increase in weight. Chlorides and sulfates lead to the decrease in the strengths of cement-stabilized mortar and macadam. The salt crystallization will lead to the decline of the drying shrinkage strains of cement-stabilized mortar and macadam, which has a positive action for reducing the drying shrinkage deformation. However, under the combined action of chlorides and sulfates, cement-stabilized macadam expands with the moisture loss. This may be one of the important causes of the arch expansion of asphalt pavement in the Gobi area and saline-alkali area.
{"title":"Impact of salt erosion on mechanical and drying shrinkage performance of cement stabilized macadam","authors":"Chengbin Wang, Yadi Chen, Baoping An, Qinglin Guo, Yibo Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1453768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1453768","url":null,"abstract":"The arch expansion damage of asphalt pavement is a typical disease in desert Gobi and saline-alkali areas, and the reasons for arch expansion are very complex. Exploring the impact of salt solution on the mechanical and drying shrinkage performances of cement-stabilized macadam helps to clarify the causes of the arch expansion damage. To this purpose, this paper designed a salt solution infiltration experiment, using salt solution infiltration to simulate the transmission and accumulation of salts in cement-stabilized macadam, and carried out the compressive and flexural tests of cement-stabilized mortar and cement-stabilized macadam, and measured the drying shrinkage performance of cement-stabilized mortar and macadam. The results show that the type of salt solution has a significant influence on the weight of the cement-stabilized mortar samples, sulfates will cause the samples to lose weight, while chlorides and mixed solutions cause the increase in weight. Chlorides and sulfates lead to the decrease in the strengths of cement-stabilized mortar and macadam. The salt crystallization will lead to the decline of the drying shrinkage strains of cement-stabilized mortar and macadam, which has a positive action for reducing the drying shrinkage deformation. However, under the combined action of chlorides and sulfates, cement-stabilized macadam expands with the moisture loss. This may be one of the important causes of the arch expansion of asphalt pavement in the Gobi area and saline-alkali area.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1406853
Guangming Lu, Ekhard K. H. Salje
The possibility to use ferroelastic materials as components of neuromorphic devices is discussed. They can be used as local memristors with the advantage that ionic transport is constraint to twin boundaries where ionic diffusion is much faster than in the bulk and does not leak into adjacent domains. It is shown that nano-scale ferroelastic memristors can contain a multitude of domain walls. These domain walls interact by strain fields where the interactions near surfaces are fundamentally different from bulk materials. We show that surface relaxations (∼image forces) are curtailed to short range dipolar interactions which decay as 1/d2 where d is the distance between domain walls. In bigger samples such interactions are long ranging with 1/d. The cross-over regime is typically in the range of some 200–1500 nm using a simple spring interaction model.
本文讨论了将铁弹性材料用作神经形态设备元件的可能性。铁弹性材料可用作局部忆阻器，其优势在于离子传输受限于孪生边界，离子扩散速度远快于体态，且不会泄漏到相邻畴中。研究表明，纳米级铁弹性忆阻器可以包含大量畴壁。这些畴壁通过应变场相互作用，其中表面附近的相互作用与块体材料有本质区别。我们的研究表明，表面弛豫（∼图像力）被限制为短程偶极相互作用，其衰减为 1/d2，其中 d 是域壁之间的距离。在较大的样品中，这种相互作用是长程的，衰减为 1/d。使用简单的弹簧相互作用模型，交叉机制通常在大约 200-1500 nm 的范围内。
{"title":"Ferroelastic twin walls for neuromorphic device applications","authors":"Guangming Lu, Ekhard K. H. Salje","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1406853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1406853","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility to use ferroelastic materials as components of neuromorphic devices is discussed. They can be used as local memristors with the advantage that ionic transport is constraint to twin boundaries where ionic diffusion is much faster than in the bulk and does not leak into adjacent domains. It is shown that nano-scale ferroelastic memristors can contain a multitude of domain walls. These domain walls interact by strain fields where the interactions near surfaces are fundamentally different from bulk materials. We show that surface relaxations (∼image forces) are curtailed to short range dipolar interactions which decay as 1/d<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> where d is the distance between domain walls. In bigger samples such interactions are long ranging with 1/d. The cross-over regime is typically in the range of some 200–1500 nm using a simple spring interaction model.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1461198
Ziyi Ding, Yu Cheng, Lu Jin, Wentong Wang, Shiying Yan
The residue generated during the production process of alumina, known as red mud, is a type of solid waste. The engineering properties of red mud can be significantly enhanced through the modification and solidification using inorganic materials. This study primarily utilized red mud as the raw material, supplemented with fly ash, lime, and clay, to conduct a solidification experiment of red mud. Orthogonal tests with three factors of two ash ratio (ratio of lime to fly ash), two ash content (total lime and fly ash), and red mud types were designed to study the changes of different ratios and maintenance conditions, etc., on the engineering properties of red mud. In addition, the micro-mechanisms of modified red mud were investigated by means of XRF, XRD, SEM and EDX. The results show that for optimum moisture content, red mud types are the most important influencing factor and for maximum dry density, two ash content is the most important influencing factor. For strength characteristics, the optimum two ash ratio was 1.5:1, the optimum two ash content was 50%, and the optimum red mud types were 70% CRM (red mud made of Chalco Shandong Co., Ltd) mixed with 30% clay. The addition of lime, fly ash, and clay improves the temperature shrinkage coefficient of the red mud. Through the analysis of microscopic composition and structure, it can be seen that goethite (α-FeO(OH)) and magnetite (γ-Fe2O3) in the red mud reacted with the modified materials to generate crystalline aluminosilicate and amorphous hydrated silicate gel, and these products together with the original calcium carbonate (CaCO3), tricalcium aluminate (Ca3Al2O6) and garnet (Ca3TiFeSi3O12) in the red mud which have certain strengths enhance the structural strength of the modified red mud. The optimum ratio obtained from the combined test results was lime: fly ash: CRM = 30:20:50. Therefore, using lime, fly ash and clay as modified materials can greatly enhance the engineering properties of red mud and realise the resourceful use of red mud.
{"title":"Study on the strength characteristics and micro-mechanism of modified solidified red mud","authors":"Ziyi Ding, Yu Cheng, Lu Jin, Wentong Wang, Shiying Yan","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1461198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1461198","url":null,"abstract":"The residue generated during the production process of alumina, known as red mud, is a type of solid waste. The engineering properties of red mud can be significantly enhanced through the modification and solidification using inorganic materials. This study primarily utilized red mud as the raw material, supplemented with fly ash, lime, and clay, to conduct a solidification experiment of red mud. Orthogonal tests with three factors of two ash ratio (ratio of lime to fly ash), two ash content (total lime and fly ash), and red mud types were designed to study the changes of different ratios and maintenance conditions, etc., on the engineering properties of red mud. In addition, the micro-mechanisms of modified red mud were investigated by means of XRF, XRD, SEM and EDX. The results show that for optimum moisture content, red mud types are the most important influencing factor and for maximum dry density, two ash content is the most important influencing factor. For strength characteristics, the optimum two ash ratio was 1.5:1, the optimum two ash content was 50%, and the optimum red mud types were 70% CRM (red mud made of Chalco Shandong Co., Ltd) mixed with 30% clay. The addition of lime, fly ash, and clay improves the temperature shrinkage coefficient of the red mud. Through the analysis of microscopic composition and structure, it can be seen that goethite (α-FeO(OH)) and magnetite (γ-Fe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) in the red mud reacted with the modified materials to generate crystalline aluminosilicate and amorphous hydrated silicate gel, and these products together with the original calcium carbonate (CaCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>), tricalcium aluminate (Ca3Al2O6) and garnet (Ca<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>TiFeSi<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>12</jats:sub>) in the red mud which have certain strengths enhance the structural strength of the modified red mud. The optimum ratio obtained from the combined test results was lime: fly ash: CRM = 30:20:50. Therefore, using lime, fly ash and clay as modified materials can greatly enhance the engineering properties of red mud and realise the resourceful use of red mud.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2024.1446307
Yiran Pei, Leixin Liu, Xinfeng Cao, Jian Zhou, Cuiyun Liu
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) can exhibit different properties in different situations, such as non-emission and highly fluorescent in the dissolved state of the molecule and in the aggregate or solid state, respectively. This property of AIE is distinguished from aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) or even the opposite. Combining the AIE phenomenon with different polymers yields different polymers with corresponding AIE properties. In this paper, the mechanism, synthesis, branching and application of AIE in the fields of optoelectronic functional materials, sensors, biology, and environment are reviewed. It is hoped that this review will stimulate more research on molecular aggregates and promote further cross-fertilisation and greater development in the disciplines of materials, chemistry and biomedicine.
{"title":"Advances in the study of AIE polymers","authors":"Yiran Pei, Leixin Liu, Xinfeng Cao, Jian Zhou, Cuiyun Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1446307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1446307","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) can exhibit different properties in different situations, such as non-emission and highly fluorescent in the dissolved state of the molecule and in the aggregate or solid state, respectively. This property of AIE is distinguished from aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) or even the opposite. Combining the AIE phenomenon with different polymers yields different polymers with corresponding AIE properties. In this paper, the mechanism, synthesis, branching and application of AIE in the fields of optoelectronic functional materials, sensors, biology, and environment are reviewed. It is hoped that this review will stimulate more research on molecular aggregates and promote further cross-fertilisation and greater development in the disciplines of materials, chemistry and biomedicine.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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