Frontiers in Psychology最新文献

Introduction: Cigarette consumption among university students remains a complex public health issue, encompassing both conventional and electronic products. This study investigates the multidimensional aspects of cigarette use among young adults, with a particular focus on psychosocial, perceptual, and behavioral determinants influencing nicotine consumption.

Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected through a standardized online questionnaire administered to 267 students enrolled in higher education institutions in Brașov, Romania. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and ANOVA were used to identify consumption patterns, differentiate user types (current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers), and examine emotional and motivational factors associated with tobacco and e-cigarette use.

Results: Findings indicate that traditional cigarette smoking is most frequently initiated under social influence, whereas electronic cigarette use is primarily associated with aesthetic appeal and flavor variety. Psychological motivations, particularly stress relief and social comfort, show significant correlations with continued nicotine use, especially among current smokers. Analysis informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory highlights the role of behavioral intention and self-efficacy in sustaining smoking behaviors.

Discussion: The results underscore the multifaceted nature of smoking behavior among youth populations, revealing a dynamic interplay between cognitive, emotional, and environmental variables. These findings provide empirical support for the development of targeted intervention strategies and emphasize the need for integrated public health policies that address both product regulation and psychosocial education.

Introduction: Mind-body interventions are increasingly used in health care, both for physical and for psychological therapy. With directing the focus to the body and inner experiences they include elements of trance induction and hypnosis. The scope of this experimental study was to test the hypothesis that a non-ordinary state of consciousness may occur during a mind-body intervention with changes in electrical brain activity similar to a hypnotic induction.

Methods: Bispectral Index an EEG-derived parameter used in anesthesia, was monitored during a test of hypnotic susceptibility including a trance induction, and during a mind-body intervention modified from the Feldenkrais method. 54 adult volunteers were tested with a short version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS-5) and the instructions for a mind-body intervention from a 30-min audio file. The latter consists of an introduction, reflections on posture and sensations, and four suggested tasks with body movements and variations followed by a break each time. Contributing factors, namely age, sex, suggestibility and daytime, were analyzed by multifactorial analysis and linear regression.

Results: BIS significantly decreased from an awake value of 97.5 to values of 88-92, similar in extent to the hypnosis induction of the test for HGSHS-5. Besides a general decline with duration significant drops were observed with every break. None of the tested potential influencing factors had significant impact.

Conclusion: Measurable changes in electrophysical brain activity can be detected during a mind-body intervention as a surrogate marker of a state of non-ordinary consciousness. The high relevance arises from the fact that inclusion of the unconscious is essential for initiating beneficial changes in psychological and physical patterns, as these patterns are encoded and maintained there. The EEG reactions and aspects of a focus shift toward inside, body scan and confusion bring it close to hypnotic trance and provide new and objective research approaches.

Background: The objective of our research is to find out how dental aesthetics affect people's psychosocial status and self-esteem.

Material and method: A total of 300 adult patients aged between 19 and 59 who presented to the Departments of Prosthetic Dentistry and Restorative Dentistry at Batman University Faculty of Dentistry for dental aesthetic treatment were included in this study. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used to measure self-esteem, while the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) was employed to assess psychosocial status. Subgroup comparisons were performed using the Tukey post-hoc test following one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple group analyses. Differences between gender groups were assessed using the independent samples t-test. The relationship between self-esteem and psychosocial variables was analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis.

Results: No statistically significant difference was found between genders in terms of total PIDAQ scores; however, women had significantly lower RSES scores compared to men. A statistically significant difference was observed in PIDAQ total scores based on educational level (p < 0.05), with university graduates scoring significantly lower than high school graduates. Additionally, a statistically significant but weak positive correlation was found between total PIDAQ scores and RSES scores (p < 0.05; r = 0.323), indicating that as psychosocial impact scores increased, self-esteem levels also increased.

Conclusion: The demand for dental aesthetic treatment is significantly associated with individuals' psychological wellbeing and self-esteem. Therefore, when planning restorative and prosthetic treatments, it is essential to consider not only functional aspects but also the physical, social, and psychological dimensions of dental aesthetics.

Introduction: To explore the relationship between family cohesion and cyberbullying behavior among college students, as well as the mediating roles of anxiety and cognitive reappraisal.

Methods: A survey was conducted on 544 college students using the Chinese version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, the Anxiety Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Cyberbullying Scale.

Results: (1) Both family cohesion and cognitive reappraisal showed signiffcant negative correlations with anxiety and college students' cyberbullying behavior, while anxiety showed a signiffcant positive correlation with cyberbullying behavior. (2) Family cohesion was associated with cyberbullying behavior via the mediating roles of anxiety and cognitive reappraisal, respectively.

Discussion: Anxiety and cognitive reappraisal represent potential psychological pathways through which family cohesion relates to cyberbullying behavior among college students.

Introduction: Travel following major traumatic events can serve as a catalyst for meaning reconstruction and enhanced wellbeing; however, empirical evidence supporting this relationship remains limited. This study examines how reflective and meaningful tourism experiences foster gratitude and multidimensional wellbeing in the post-pandemic context.

Methods: A sequential mixed-methods design was employed. Study 1 involved semi-structured interviews with 20 tourists to examine the psychological impacts of prolonged pandemic-related trauma and to identify meaningful tourism experiences. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Building on these qualitative insights, Study 2 developed and validated a scale measuring meaningful tourism experiences, and subsequently administered a survey to 714 respondents. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrapping was used to test the relationships among meaningful tourism experiences, gratitude, tourism wellbeing, and overall wellbeing.

Results: Study 1 identified seven themes associated with pandemic-related trauma and tourism experiences. Among them, a core theme of meaningful tourism experiences comprised five dimensions: pleasure, freedom, personal growth, creating memories, and examining life. Study 2 confirmed this five-dimensional structure and demonstrated that such experiences significantly enhanced both eudaimonic and hedonic tourism wellbeing, as well as state gratitude. Eudaimonic tourism wellbeing and state gratitude mediated the effects on both subjective and psychological wellbeing, whereas hedonic tourism wellbeing mediated only subjective wellbeing. Trait gratitude also positively predicted wellbeing outcomes.

Discussion: This study advances the understanding of tourism as a pathway to enhancing wellbeing after collective trauma and offers both theoretical and practical implications for designing transformative experiences.

Background: Doctor-patient dispute prevention strategy has become a hot issue in the field of doctor-patient relationship risk management.

Objective: To clarify the impact of patient-related factors on the levels of economic compensation awarded to hospitals in medical disputes and on judicial outcomes, thereby providing empirical evidence for optimizing risk management strategies in medical disputes and enhancing the efficiency of judicial proceedings.

Methods: A convenience sample of 863 cases was selected, and the data were processed using SPSS 26.0. A comparison of characteristic variables was conducted to examine differences in patient-level hospital economic compensation ratings and dispute trials outcomes. Correlation analysis was performed between dependent and independent variables. Based on these results, a binary/ordinal regression analysis was conducted on the hospital economic compensation ratings / dispute trials outcomes for patients' health losses.

Results: The hospital economic compensation ratings differed significantly by dispute initiator and disability ratings (Ps < 0.001). The hospital economic compensation ratings was positively correlated with dispute trials outcomes, dispute initiator, and doctor-patient relationship risk attributes (Ps < 0.05) and negatively correlated with health damage disability ratings (p < 0.01). The investigated patient factors were "not significantly associated" with dispute trials outcomes in this study (Ps > 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that the disability level of injury and the doctor-patient relationship risk attributes has a significant negative impact on the amount of hospital economic compensation (β = -0.225 & -0.644, p ≤ 0.007).

Conclusion: The patient's health damage disability ratings and doctor-patient relationship risk attributes directly influenced the hospital economic compensation ratings, while the initiator of the dispute and the patient's gender had indirect influences. It is recommended to optimize risk management in medical disputes by strengthening communication between doctors and patients, enhancing mutual trust, and standardizing guidance for patients exercising their rights.

Background: From a positive psychology perspective, this study aimed to identify the latent profiles of spiritual well-being and analyze the serial mediation mechanism of family care and spiritual coping in the relationship between spiritual well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The findings are intended to inform strategies for improving the spiritual well-being of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed with 220 MHD patients recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Guangdong, China (August 2023-January 2024). Assessments were conducted using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-SP-12), Family Care Index, Spiritual Coping Questionnaire (SCQ), and Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify heterogeneous subgroups based on spiritual well-being. A chain mediation model was then used to examine the mediating effects of family care and spiritual coping.

Results: HRQoL scores averaged 56.50 ± 22.29. Significant correlations emerged: spiritual well-being (r = 0.557, p < 0.001), family care (r = 0.426, p < 0.001), and positive spiritual coping (r = 0.565, p < 0.001) positively predicted HRQoL, whereas negative coping correlated inversely (r = -0.343, p < 0.001). LPA identified four distinct profiles: Low spiritual well-being (36.8%), Moderate spiritual well-being (20.0%), Peaceful Mindset with Low Spiritual Belief (13.6%), and High spiritual well-being (29.5%). The mediation analysis revealed that family care and spiritual coping partially mediated the relationship between spiritual well-being and HRQoL (effect sizes: 0.074-0.175, 95% CI excluding 0). The chain mediation pathway "spiritual well-being → family care → spiritual coping → HRQoL" was statistically significant, with total indirect effects of 0.268 and 0.114 (95% CIs excluding 0).

Conclusion: Spiritual well-being indirectly influences the quality of life in MHD patients through the serial mediation of family care and spiritual coping. Clinicians should recognize the heterogeneity in spiritual well-being and integrate routine spiritual screening into nursing assessments to identify patients with low spiritual well-being. It is recommended to develop family-based education and support programs, along with interventions that combine family care and spiritual coping strategies, so as to improve patients' long-term health outcomes.

The Latvian language is the state language of Latvia. There are about 1.5 million native speakers of Latvian. Of these, 1.38 million live in Latvia, while the rest live across the world. Latvian as a heritage language, or LAT-HL, is taught in about 100 Latvian diaspora weekend schools-hosted by Latvian communities around the world. Although, there is a noticeable increase of research in LAT-HL, they focus on family language policy and practices and the socio-emotional dimension of LAT-HL maintenance in diaspora or, conversely, reimmigration. Considering this gap in LAT-HL research, this article focuses specifically on the perspective of LAT-HL learners and their agency in the Latvian-language lessons. It is based on data obtained from fieldwork at four Latvian diaspora schools (one school each in Europe, the US, Canada, and Australia) in 2025: student electronic questionnaires, interviews with students and Latvian-language teachers, texts created by students, and Latvian-language lesson observation checklists. As a result of data analysis, two thematic groups suggesting student agency were created: language management in the LAT-HL lessons and student involvement/engagement in the creation of the learning process and space. In both cases, the manifestation of learner agency is closely related to (1) the teaching methodology chosen by the teacher, which students accepted or not; (2) the roles of the teacher and students in the classroom; (3) the freedom of choice of students, which was suggested by the teacher or circumstances.

Objective: To explore the relationship between parental psychological control and college students' social anxiety, and to examine the mediating roles of trait mindfulness and rejection sensitivity.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, with data collected from March to June 2025. Convenience sampling was employed to select 586 college students from four universities of varying types in Zhejiang Province, China. Participants completed online questionnaires assessing parental psychological control, trait mindfulness, rejection sensitivity, and social anxiety. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 and the PROCESS macro program (Model 6).

Results: Parental psychological control was positively correlated with social anxiety (r = 0.498, p < 0.001) and rejection sensitivity (r = 0.361, p < 0.001), but negatively correlated with trait mindfulness (r = -0.483, p < 0.001). Trait mindfulness was negatively correlated with social anxiety (r = -0.341, p < 0.001) and rejection sensitivity (r = -0.265, p < 0.001), while rejection sensitivity was positively correlated with social anxiety (r = 0.560, p < 0.001). Three significant mediating paths were revealed: trait mindfulness [b = 0.039, 95% CI (0.008, 0.071), p = 0.015], rejection sensitivity [b = 0.132, 95% CI (0.085, 0.181), p < 0.001], and their chain mediation [b = 0.025, 95% CI (0.006, 0.044), p = 0.010]. The total mediating effect (0.196) accounted for 38.8% of the total effect of parental psychological control on social anxiety.

Conclusion: This study identifies several mechanisms linking parental psychological control to college students' social anxiety and constructs a chain mediation model that integrates trait mindfulness and rejection sensitivity. It provides empirical support for targeted college mental health interventions.

Objective: This study aims to examine the mediating role of stress and the moderating effect of physical activity (PA) in the relationship between parental marital conflict (PMC) and adolescent short video dependency (SVD).

Methods: This study employed convenience sampling to recruit 719 adolescents aged 12-18 years from northwestern Hunan Province, China (M = 14.22, SD = 1.46). The data encompassed PMC, adolescent SVD, stress levels, and PA. Analytical procedures-ranging from descriptive and correlational summaries to tests of indirect and conditional indirect effects-were executed in SPSS with the PROCESS macro.

Results: After controlling for demographic covariates, PMC was significantly and positively associated with adolescent SVD and perceived stress. Mediation analyses further showed that stress significantly mediated the association between PMC and adolescent SVD. In addition, PA significantly and negatively moderated the stress-SVD link, such that the positive association between stress and adolescent SVD was weaker among adolescents with higher levels of PA.

Conclusion: These findings clarify how PMC translates into adolescent SVD at the psychological level. Stress was identified as a mediating factor, while PA, as a moderating mechanism, may attenuate the relationship between stress and adolescent SVD.