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Records management audit: The case of Gaborone city council 记录管理审计:哈博罗内市议会案例
K. Tshotlo, N. Mnjama
This study aimed at auditing records management practices at Gaborone City Council (GCC). The study sought to establish how records are created, used, maintained and disposed of at GCC. It also sought to determine the usage of information communication technologies in the creation, maintenance, use and disposition of records, the existence or non-existence of records management policies and procedures, as well as records security measures at GCC. A case study methodology was used and questionnaires were distributed to 35 officers selected from senior members of staff and records/ administrative personnel. Personal observations were carried out and interviews were conducted to substantiate data gathered from the questionnaires. The study revealed that GCC lacks organization-wide policies and procedures for the creation, use, maintenance and disposition of records resulting in uncoordinated procedures for managing its records and that most of the processes for managing records were manual. The study recommends that GCC develops and implements Council-wide records management policies and procedures to ensure the creation and maintenance of authentic, reliable, complete and useable records, capable of supporting business functions and activities for as long as they are needed.
本研究旨在审计哈博罗内市议会(GCC)的记录管理做法。这项研究试图确定在海合会如何建立、使用、维持和处理记录。它还试图确定信息通信技术在建立、维持、使用和处置记录方面的使用情况,是否存在记录管理政策和程序,以及海湾合作委员会的记录安全措施。采用了个案研究方法,并向从高级工作人员和记录/行政人员中选出的35名干事分发了问卷。进行了个人观察,并进行了访谈,以证实从问卷中收集的数据。研究表明,海湾合作委员会缺乏关于记录的创建、使用、维护和处置的全组织政策和程序,导致管理其记录的程序不协调,而且大多数管理记录的过程都是手工的。研究报告建议,海合会制定和实施全理事会范围的记录管理政策和程序,以确保建立和维护真实、可靠、完整和可用的记录,能够在需要的时候支持业务职能和活动。
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引用次数: 20
Challenges of digitizing the endangered Lesotho royal archives 濒临灭绝的莱索托皇家档案数字化的挑战
C. Qobo
The article gives an account of the efforts being made by the royal family and the Matsieng Board of Trustees to safeguard and preserve royal archives and what has been achieved so far, and the challenges and prospects towards the digitization of these records as a means of preserving them. Among the root causes of the problem is poor management of records in Lesotho which has affected the development of archival services as a whole. The National Archives was established in 1957 during the colonial period under the office of the Government Secretary, but the archives service as a whole is still at the rudimentary stage. For a long time the National Archives did not have accommodation and was operating with limited resources. The outdated legislation, the Archives Act of 1967, also contributes to the problems of archival development in the country, making the climate for archives sector gloomy.
本文介绍了皇室和马津董事会为保护和保存皇家档案所做的努力,以及迄今为止取得的成就,以及将这些记录数字化作为保存它们的手段所面临的挑战和前景。这一问题的根源之一是莱索托档案管理不善,影响了整个档案服务的发展。国家档案馆成立于1957年,隶属于殖民时期的政府秘书办公室,但档案服务整体上仍处于初级阶段。在很长一段时间里,国家档案馆没有住所,而且资源有限。过时的立法,1967年的《档案法》,也造成了该国档案发展的问题,使档案部门的气氛黯淡。
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引用次数: 4
E-Government and E-Records: Challenges and prospects for African Records Managers and Archivists 电子政务和电子档案:非洲档案管理人员和档案工作者面临的挑战和前景
Ga Kamatula
This article discusses the challenges and prospects of e-government and e-records for African records managers and archivists. It defines the concepts of e-government and e-records. Further, the article provides an overview of the current situation of e-records management and e-government as a result of the new ICTs development. Perspectives of e-government and its link with e-records will also be explored. Further, advantages and disadvantages of e-records and egovernment implementation will be squarely analyzed. Both previous and current literatures on e-records and e-government will be presented.
本文讨论了电子政务和电子档案对非洲档案管理人员和档案工作者的挑战和前景。它定义了电子政务和电子记录的概念。此外,本文亦概述了资讯及通讯科技发展所带来的电子档案管理及电子政府的现况。本课程亦会探讨电子政府的前景及其与电子档案的联系。在此基础上,对电子档案和电子政务的优缺点进行了分析。将介绍过去和现在关于电子记录和电子政务的文献。
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引用次数: 14
Security, privacy and ethics in electronic records management in the South African public sector 南非公共部门电子档案管理的安全、隐私和道德
M. Ngoepe, L. Mokoena, P. Ngulube
Computers have become such valuable tools for conducting business that today people would have difficulty imagining work without them. One great advantage of the computers is the ease with which a large quantity of data can be analysed, manipulated and shared among people. However, there are a number of compelling security, privacy and ethical dilemmas raised by computer systems. For example, the monitoring of employee e-mails by employers to prevent them from wasting organisation’s resources on non-business activities. This article seeks to investigate security, privacy and ethical dilemmas in the electronic records management environment in the South African public sector. In order to draw inferences and recommendations, a survey was conducted on existing national government departments in South Africa. Firstly, findings of the literature review (content analysis) are discussed. Secondly, the results from the survey are analysed and interpreted. The article concludes by arguing that without a proper information security framework and professional code of ethics that embrace electronic records management, government departments could expose themselves to unnecessary financial losses due to litigations resulting from invasion of privacy and unethical behaviour, and urges government departments in South Africa to implement Electronic Document and Records Management Systems that are able to capture records in read-only format and generate a non-editable audit trail of all actions to address security dilemmas of electronic records.
计算机已经成为开展业务的宝贵工具,今天人们很难想象没有它们的工作。计算机的一大优点是可以方便地对大量数据进行分析、处理并在人们之间共享。然而,计算机系统带来了许多令人信服的安全、隐私和道德困境。例如,雇主监控员工的电子邮件,以防止他们在非商业活动上浪费组织的资源。本文旨在调查南非公共部门电子记录管理环境中的安全、隐私和道德困境。为了得出结论和建议,对南非现有的国家政府部门进行了调查。首先,讨论文献综述的发现(内容分析)。其次,对调查结果进行分析和解释。文章最后指出,政府部门若没有适当的资讯保安架构和涵盖电子档案管理的专业操守守则,可能会因侵犯私隐及不道德行为而引致的诉讼而蒙受不必要的经济损失。并敦促南非政府部门实施电子文件和记录管理系统,该系统能够以只读格式捕获记录,并生成不可编辑的所有行动的审计跟踪,以解决电子记录的安全困境。
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引用次数: 10
E-record readiness – Can we build a contextual and conceptual framework for labour organisations in Botswana? 电子记录准备-我们能否为博茨瓦纳的劳工组织建立一个背景和概念框架?
T. Kalusopa
Literature shows that by and large, most labour organisations’ activities are largely knowledge-based as well as information intensive and that the proliferation of e-records has brought about many challenges to labour organizations, many of which are unaware of the numerous issues pertaining to the creation, storage and retrieval and dissemination of e-records. Currently there are various assessment tools that have been put in place to assess the depth of e-readiness all over the world. However, most of these tools have been criticized for “varying definitions for e-readiness and different methods for measurement while others have been criticized for lacking the “information access” component but “subsumed under information and communication technology (ICT)”. In particular, most of these tools are said to be general in nature and that they are highly quantitative in measurement, focus on government agencies and do not emphasize the question of e-record readiness in the civil society or non-governmental organizations. The question, therefore, that needs to be addressed is whether the existing e-records readiness framework is appropriate for assessing e-records readiness in labour organizations and to what extent such a framework can be used as basis for understanding the management of electronic records in such organizations. This article therefore interrogates the usefulness of e-records readiness assessment tools in labour organizations in Botswana. Based on a literature review, the article seeks to review the content, context and implementation of e-records readiness tools in labour organisations in Botswana. The article concludes by calling for the development of a framework that “institutionalises knowledge about the e-records readiness process-es” in labour organizations for them to integrate fully in the envisaged e-environment in Botswana.
文献表明,总的来说,大多数劳工组织的活动主要是基于知识和信息密集型的,电子记录的扩散给劳工组织带来了许多挑战,其中许多组织没有意识到与电子记录的创建、存储、检索和传播有关的众多问题。目前,世界各地已经采用了各种评估工具来评估电子准备的深度。然而,这些工具中的大多数被批评为“对电子准备的不同定义和不同的测量方法”,而其他工具则被批评为缺乏“信息获取”部分,而是“归入信息和通信技术(ICT)”。特别是,据说这些工具中的大多数都是一般性的,它们在衡量方面高度量化,侧重于政府机构,而不强调民间社会或非政府组织的电子记录准备问题。因此,需要解决的问题是,现有的电子记录准备框架是否适合评估劳工组织的电子记录准备情况,以及这种框架在多大程度上可以用作了解这些组织的电子记录管理的基础。因此,本文质疑电子记录准备评估工具在博茨瓦纳劳工组织的有用性。基于文献综述,文章试图审查的内容,背景和实施电子记录准备工具在博茨瓦纳的劳工组织。文章最后呼吁建立一个框架,使劳工组织“关于电子记录准备过程的知识制度化”,以便他们充分融入博茨瓦纳设想的电子环境。
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引用次数: 4
A practical guide to digitizing a collection using Open Source Software: A Southern African perspective 使用开源软件数字化馆藏的实用指南:一个南部非洲的视角
J. Myeza
The article provides an overview of the practical implementation of a digital library using open source software. Southern Africa has not fully embraced or incorporated open source software into their information management operations. This lack of adaptation is attributed to a number of reasons amongst which are lack of general awareness and the absence of appropriately trained librarians to take advantage of such technological sources. The article gives guidelines and recommendations on what to consider when planning to digitize a collection. The following issues will be looked at: digital rights management, institutional repositories, Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS is an XML Schema designed for the purpose of creating XML document instances that express the hierarchical structure of digital library objects) and its applications, the open archives initiatives, and open source software for digital libraries. The article also focuses on the practical steps in using open source software for digitizing. Open source software has been chosen because of its free availability.
本文概述了使用开源软件实现数字图书馆的实际情况。南非还没有完全接受或将开放源码软件纳入其信息管理操作中。这种适应能力的缺乏是由许多原因造成的,其中包括缺乏普遍的意识和缺乏受过适当培训的图书馆员来利用这些技术资源。这篇文章给出了在计划将馆藏数字化时应该考虑的指导方针和建议。以下问题将被研究:数字版权管理、机构存储库、元数据编码和传输标准(METS是一种XML模式,设计用于创建表达数字图书馆对象层次结构的XML文档实例)及其应用、开放档案计划和数字图书馆的开源软件。本文还重点介绍了使用开源软件进行数字化的实际步骤。选择开源软件是因为它的免费可用性。
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引用次数: 3
Challenges to Digitizing the African Heritage: Some Reflections 非洲遗产数字化的挑战:一些思考
D. Ramatlhakwana
The advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) tools has enabled possibilities for the digitization of the African heritage. Digitization of the African heritage makes it easier to share and access digital information across the world using different ICT tools. In as much as digitization has enabled the African Heritage to be converted from text, audio and images into digital format leading to improved preservation of cultural and historical materials, this is not without challenges. The critical challenge emanates from whether it is the ICT or the people who have to determine the material which qualifies to be the African heritage. Another equally important challenge is whether digitizing the African heritage will not be seen as intrusive into places which have been seen and revered as sacred. There is then the challenge of overcoming a hurdle which develops when ICT is expected to take over and to replace traditional practices of preserving and providing access to African heritage. The prospect of introducing new technology into a traditionalist environment may pose a problem if the traditionalists view the technology as trying to change the way they have been relaying their history and traditional practices. For example, the oral tradition of telling stories around the fire will now lose the setting and ambience that this tradition created. Here the medium of communication is changed; the connection with the audience is also modified as well as immediate feedback. The last challenge relates to the authenticity of digitized heritage. This paper seeks to discuss the above challenges. It does so with conviction that digitizing the African heritage is not just about converting material from analogue into digital format but encompasses its acceptance and use. The acceptance and use will be achievable only when the above challenges are appreciated and ways found to address them.
信息和通信技术(ict)工具的出现使非洲遗产的数字化成为可能。非洲遗产的数字化使得使用不同的信息通信技术工具在世界范围内分享和获取数字信息变得更加容易。尽管数字化使非洲遗产能够从文本、音频和图像转换为数字格式,从而改善了文化和历史材料的保存,但这并非没有挑战。关键的挑战来自于信息和通信技术还是人们,他们必须确定哪些材料有资格成为非洲遗产。另一个同样重要的挑战是,将非洲遗产数字化是否会被视为对被视为神圣的地方的侵犯。当人们期望信息通信技术接管并取代保存和提供获取非洲遗产的传统做法时,就出现了克服障碍的挑战。如果传统主义者认为这项技术试图改变他们传承历史和传统做法的方式,那么将新技术引入传统主义环境的前景可能会带来问题。例如,在火边讲故事的口头传统现在将失去这一传统所创造的环境和氛围。在这里,交流的媒介发生了变化;与观众的联系也被修改,以及即时反馈。最后一个挑战涉及到数字化遗产的真实性。本文旨在探讨上述挑战。它坚信,非洲遗产的数字化不仅仅是将模拟材料转换为数字格式,还包括对其的接受和使用。只有认识到上述挑战并找到解决这些挑战的方法,才能实现接受和使用。
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引用次数: 2
Changing Landscapes: The University Archive in a New South Africa 变化的景观:新南非的大学档案
Z. Sulej
This article explores both a redefinition of the role of the university archive in civil society and fresh perspectives on its changing role. The process of change in the university archives due to changes in societal landscapes is also presented. University archives in South Africa do not have a long history of existence, as they only started operating as separate divisions in most tertiary institutions in the late 60’s. At some universities they still function as a part of the university libraries. The experience of Wits University Archives is used as a case study to show its role in preserving history of this academic institution as well as its involvement in the preservation of national history. Wits Archives can be proud of being the oldest university archives in South Africa and also keeps very valuable and internationally known paper collections. Students and academics of this institution were always actively involved in shaping the university and also national history. During the last few years the focus of the student population has changed and therefore the role of archives and its approach towards these changes should also be different. The article addresses some of the important issues concerning the functioning of Wits University Archives and the strategies it has employed to move away from the traditional role as a pure keeper of University history.
本文探讨了对大学档案在公民社会中的角色的重新定义,以及对其角色变化的新视角。本文还介绍了大学档案因社会景观变化而发生变化的过程。南非大学档案馆的存在历史并不长,因为它们在60年代末才开始作为独立的部门在大多数高等教育机构中运作。在一些大学,它们仍然是大学图书馆的一部分。以Wits大学档案馆的经验为例,展示其在保存这所学术机构的历史以及参与保存国家历史方面的作用。Wits档案馆可以自豪地成为南非最古老的大学档案馆,并且还保存着非常有价值的国际知名的论文收藏。这个机构的学生和学者总是积极参与塑造大学和国家历史。在过去几年中,学生群体的焦点发生了变化,因此档案的作用及其应对这些变化的方法也应该有所不同。本文讨论了有关Wits大学档案馆功能的一些重要问题,以及它为摆脱大学历史的纯粹保存者的传统角色所采取的策略。
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引用次数: 8
A Critical Review of the Literature on Electronic Records Management in the ESARBICA Region ESARBICA地区电子档案管理文献综述
S. Keakopa
This article provides a critical review of existing articles addressing the management of electronic records in the Eastern and Southern African Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives (ESARBICA) region. The article argues that while the literature in developed countries has come up with practical solutions to the management electronic records, this has remained theoretical in most developing countries. In particular, the article argues that the literature in the ESARBICA region has not provided sufficient guidance that could help practitioners deal with the management of electronic records in this developing region. Further, the article concludes that academics in the area of archives and records management need to generate challenging debates based on critical thinking that can help practitioners come up with practical solutions to the management of electronic records in the region.
本文对国际档案理事会(ESARBICA)东部和南部非洲区域分处处理电子记录管理的现有文章进行了批判性审查。文章认为,虽然发达国家的文献已经提出了电子档案管理的实际解决方案,但这在大多数发展中国家仍停留在理论阶段。特别是,文章认为,ESARBICA地区的文献没有提供足够的指导,可以帮助从业者处理这个发展中地区的电子记录管理。此外,文章的结论是,档案和记录管理领域的学者需要在批判性思维的基础上产生具有挑战性的辩论,这可以帮助从业者提出该地区电子记录管理的实际解决方案。
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引用次数: 11
Organising Public Records to Achieve Service Delivery: The Role of the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa’s Functional Subject File Plan in Government Departments 组织公共档案以实现服务交付:南非政府部门职能主体档案计划的国家档案和记录服务的作用
M. Ngoepe
Systems used to arrange or classify government records play a key role in a government department’s ability to conduct and manage its business information over time. In recent years, there has been growing interest within the public sector records management community in using function-based classification systems as a means to link business context, instead of classifying it into groupings reflecting ever-changing organisational structures. Function-based records classification systems are in line with the principle of levels of arrangement and description as records are organised according to hierarchical levels in order to reflect the nature of their creation. The development in South Africa with regard to records classification systems resulted in the National Archives and Records Service propagating the use of functional subject file plan by governmental bodies. Therefore, this article presents a perspective on the approach being taken by the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa in assisting government departments to classify their business information to achieve accountability and service delivery. The article sets out the background to; and the factors affecting the development of government departments’ records classification systems and the benefits thereof. It then evaluate the effectiveness of NARS functional subject file plan in meeting service delivery by government departments. In trying to arrive at the bottom of the story, a survey was conducted on existing national government departments in South Africa.
用于整理或分类政府记录的系统在政府部门长期开展和管理其业务信息的能力中起着关键作用。近年,公营部门档案管理界越来越有兴趣采用以功能为本的分类系统,以连结业务环境,而不是将其分类,以反映不断变化的组织结构。以功能为本的纪录分类系统,是按照纪录的层级排列和描述的原则,以反映其创造的性质。南非在记录分类制度方面的发展导致国家档案和记录处宣传政府机构使用职能主题档案计划。因此,本文介绍了南非国家档案和记录局协助政府部门对其商业信息进行分类以实现问责制和服务提供的方法。文章阐述了研究背景;以及影响政府部门档案分类制度发展的因素及其效益。然后评估NARS功能主题档案计划在满足政府部门提供服务方面的有效性。为了弄清事情的真相,对南非现有的国家政府部门进行了调查。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives
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