Kaushik Bhattacharya, N. Bhattacharya, A. Bhattacharya
The coronavirus, which is causing the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and has crippled the entire world, was discovered by June Dalziel Almeida - a school dropout from Scotland who had no formal medical education. She had to master the knowhow of immune electron microscopy to climb up the academic ladder and she finally discovered the coronavirus only to see her research paper getting rejected by reputed journals. A single mother is now associated with the coronavirus, as well as with a significant contribution to the classification of viruses, viral imaging and bringing Rubella virus, Hepatitis B virus and Human immunodeficiency virus into the limelight.
{"title":"The Discovery of Coronavirus – An Interesting Journey","authors":"Kaushik Bhattacharya, N. Bhattacharya, A. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2021.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2021.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus, which is causing the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and has crippled the entire world, was discovered by June Dalziel Almeida - a school dropout from Scotland who had no formal medical education. She had to master the knowhow of immune electron microscopy to climb up the academic ladder and she finally discovered the coronavirus only to see her research paper getting rejected by reputed journals. A single mother is now associated with the coronavirus, as well as with a significant contribution to the classification of viruses, viral imaging and bringing Rubella virus, Hepatitis B virus and Human immunodeficiency virus into the limelight.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49220666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Adipokines such as fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) can affect the structural and functional state of the myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction and obesity. The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between FABP4, CTRP3 and echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricular myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction depending on body mass index. Materials and Methods. The observational cross-sectional study examined 189 patients with acute myocardial infarction depending on body mass index, who were divided into the following groups: Group 1 included 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal body mass index; Group 2 comprised 68 patients with acute myocardial infarction and excess body weight; Group 3 included 61 patients with acute myocardial infarction and obesity. Results. In Group 1, the statistical significance correlations were found: between FABP4 and end-diastolic dimension (EDD; r = -0.458), end-systolic dimension (ESD; r = -0.460), end-diastolic volume (EDV; r = -0.452), left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM; r = -0.411), LVMM/body surface area index (LVMMI2; r = -0.419); between CTRP3 and EDV (r = 0.425), EDD (r = 0.469), left ventricular relative posterior wall thickness (LVRPWT; r = -0.469). In Group 2, there were found the statistical significance relationships between: FABP4 and EDD (r = 0.461), ESD (r = 0.467), EDV (r = 0.449), end-systolic volume (ESV; r = 0.485), LVMM (r = 0.487), LVMMI1 (r = 0.406); between CTRP3 and EDD (r = -0.440), EDV (r = -0.413), LVMM (r = -0.430), LVMM/height2.7 index (LVMMI1; r = -0.483). In Group 3, the statistical significance correlations were found between: FABP4 and EDV (r = 0.481), ESD (r = 0.411), ESV (r = 0.490), LVMMI1 (r = 0.403); between CTRP3 and EDV (r = -0.326), ESD (r = -0.367), ESV (r = -0.453), LVMMI1 (r = -0.415). Conclusions. In patients with acute myocardial infarction and overweight/obesity, echocardiographic parameters had a significant low positive correlation with FABP4 and a low negative correlation with CTRP3. On the contrary, in patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal body mass index, echocardiographic parameters had a significant low negative correlation with FABP4 and a low positive correlation with CTRP3.
{"title":"Features of Changes in the Structural and Functional State of the Myocardium in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Depending on Body Mass Index Considering FABP4 and CTRP3 Levels","authors":"M. Koteliukh","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2021.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2021.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Adipokines such as fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) can affect the structural and functional state of the myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction and obesity. \u0000The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between FABP4, CTRP3 and echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricular myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction depending on body mass index. \u0000Materials and Methods. The observational cross-sectional study examined 189 patients with acute myocardial infarction depending on body mass index, who were divided into the following groups: Group 1 included 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal body mass index; Group 2 comprised 68 patients with acute myocardial infarction and excess body weight; Group 3 included 61 patients with acute myocardial infarction and obesity. \u0000Results. In Group 1, the statistical significance correlations were found: between FABP4 and end-diastolic dimension (EDD; r = -0.458), end-systolic dimension (ESD; r = -0.460), end-diastolic volume (EDV; r = -0.452), left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM; r = -0.411), LVMM/body surface area index (LVMMI2; r = -0.419); between CTRP3 and EDV (r = 0.425), EDD (r = 0.469), left ventricular relative posterior wall thickness (LVRPWT; r = -0.469). In Group 2, there were found the statistical significance relationships between: FABP4 and EDD (r = 0.461), ESD (r = 0.467), EDV (r = 0.449), end-systolic volume (ESV; r = 0.485), LVMM (r = 0.487), LVMMI1 (r = 0.406); between CTRP3 and EDD (r = -0.440), EDV (r = -0.413), LVMM (r = -0.430), LVMM/height2.7 index (LVMMI1; r = -0.483). In Group 3, the statistical significance correlations were found between: FABP4 and EDV (r = 0.481), ESD (r = 0.411), ESV (r = 0.490), LVMMI1 (r = 0.403); between CTRP3 and EDV (r = -0.326), ESD (r = -0.367), ESV (r = -0.453), LVMMI1 (r = -0.415). \u0000Conclusions. In patients with acute myocardial infarction and overweight/obesity, echocardiographic parameters had a significant low positive correlation with FABP4 and a low negative correlation with CTRP3. On the contrary, in patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal body mass index, echocardiographic parameters had a significant low negative correlation with FABP4 and a low positive correlation with CTRP3.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Since health information is considered as sensitive personal data and requires more careful protection, healthcare professionals need to be careful about this issue. The objective of this research was to determine nursing students’ attitudes towards recording and protecting patients’ personal health data. Materials and Methods. The population of this descriptive research consisted of 450 students who studied at the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University. Sample selection was not used, and the research was completed with 374 students who were continuing education and who were accepted to participate in the research. Descriptive Information template and Attitude Scale for Recording and Protecting Personal Health Data for nursing students were used as data-collection instruments. The numbers, percentage, mean, standard deviation, non-parametric tests (the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test) were used in data analysis. Results. Among our research participants, 68.4% of the students were females; 28.1% of the students were freshmen; 69% of the students were graduates of Anatolian high schools. Approximately 72.5% and 52.9% of the participants stated that they were aware of the concept of “personal data” and “personal health data” , respectively. The mean score of nursing students on the Attitude Scale for Recording and Protecting Personal Health Data was 3.97±0.71. The means scores obtained from subscales were as follows: 3.91±0.72 for Personal Health Data Information, 4.15±0.80 for Legal Information, 4.05±0.94 for Legal Data Sharing, 3.90±0.80 for Personal Health Data Sharing, and 3.77±0.33 for Recording of Personal Health Data, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the total scale and subscale scores of the students regarding their academic level. Conclusions. Students were found to have a positive attitude towards recording and protecting personal data. Increasing the responsibilities and raising awareness of the students for the protection of personal health data during their study is suggested to be important.
{"title":"Assessment of Nursing Students’ Attitudes Towards Recording and Protecting Patients’ Personal Health Data: A Descriptive Study","authors":"Sebahat Atalıkoğlu Başkan, Papatya Karakurt, Necla Kasımoğlu","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2021.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2021.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Since health information is considered as sensitive personal data and requires more careful protection, healthcare professionals need to be careful about this issue. \u0000The objective of this research was to determine nursing students’ attitudes towards recording and protecting patients’ personal health data. \u0000 Materials and Methods. The population of this descriptive research consisted of 450 students who studied at the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University. Sample selection was not used, and the research was completed with 374 students who were continuing education and who were accepted to participate in the research. Descriptive Information template and Attitude Scale for Recording and Protecting Personal Health Data for nursing students were used as data-collection instruments. The numbers, percentage, mean, standard deviation, non-parametric tests (the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test) were used in data analysis. \u0000Results. Among our research participants, 68.4% of the students were females; 28.1% of the students were freshmen; 69% of the students were graduates of Anatolian high schools. Approximately 72.5% and 52.9% of the participants stated that they were aware of the concept of “personal data” and “personal health data” , respectively. The mean score of nursing students on the Attitude Scale for Recording and Protecting Personal Health Data was 3.97±0.71. The means scores obtained from subscales were as follows: 3.91±0.72 for Personal Health Data Information, 4.15±0.80 for Legal Information, 4.05±0.94 for Legal Data Sharing, 3.90±0.80 for Personal Health Data Sharing, and 3.77±0.33 for Recording of Personal Health Data, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the total scale and subscale scores of the students regarding their academic level. \u0000 Conclusions. Students were found to have a positive attitude towards recording and protecting personal data. Increasing the responsibilities and raising awareness of the students for the protection of personal health data during their study is suggested to be important.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47019620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research was to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of diabetic emergencies among Turkish bus drivers. Methods. The universe of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was all the individuals working as bus drivers in the Mediterranean Region between January-June 2019, and the study sample was 1292 drivers who met the inclusion criteria of the research. Data were collected by the Personal Information Form and the Diabetic Emergency Information and Awareness Survey Form. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used in data evaluation. Results. The average age of bus drivers participating in the study was 38.29 ± 9.44 years, while their average work experience was 12.50 ± 8.92 years. Among them, 14.9% of bus drivers had a diabetic family member; 23.7% of bus drivers had a first aid certificate; 11.5% of bus drivers received diabetes-related training. The average score of drivers for the level of knowledge and awareness regarding diabetic emergencies was found to be 15.39 ± 4.72. There was a statistically significant difference between the drivers’ average scores for the level of knowledge and awareness and their age, education status, work experience, the presence of chronic disease, the presence of a diabetic family member, the presence of a first aid certificate, diabetes-related training, the place of receiving this training variables (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Bus drivers were found to have above average levels of knowledge and awareness of diabetic emergencies. Bus drivers are recommended to be trained on diabetic emergencies and raising awareness of diabetes mellitus to ensure a proper intervention in case of emergencies in individuals with diabetes mellitus during travels.
{"title":"Level of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetic Emergencies Among Turkish Bus Drivers: Example of the Mediterranean Region","authors":"Sibel Şentürk, Nurten Terkeş","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2021.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2021.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of diabetic emergencies among Turkish bus drivers. \u0000Methods. The universe of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was all the individuals working as bus drivers in the Mediterranean Region between January-June 2019, and the study sample was 1292 drivers who met the inclusion criteria of the research. Data were collected by the Personal Information Form and the Diabetic Emergency Information and Awareness Survey Form. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used in data evaluation. \u0000Results. The average age of bus drivers participating in the study was 38.29 ± 9.44 years, while their average work experience was 12.50 ± 8.92 years. Among them, 14.9% of bus drivers had a diabetic family member; 23.7% of bus drivers had a first aid certificate; 11.5% of bus drivers received diabetes-related training. The average score of drivers for the level of knowledge and awareness regarding diabetic emergencies was found to be 15.39 ± 4.72. There was a statistically significant difference between the drivers’ average scores for the level of knowledge and awareness and their age, education status, work experience, the presence of chronic disease, the presence of a diabetic family member, the presence of a first aid certificate, diabetes-related training, the place of receiving this training variables (p < 0.05). \u0000Conclusions. Bus drivers were found to have above average levels of knowledge and awareness of diabetic emergencies. Bus drivers are recommended to be trained on diabetic emergencies and raising awareness of diabetes mellitus to ensure a proper intervention in case of emergencies in individuals with diabetes mellitus during travels.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46989905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fanconi anemia is a rare disease, which is characterized by decreased production of all blood cell types. Fanconi anemia is the most common inherited form of aplastic anemia. Congenital abnormalities of the eyes, ears, and heart, malformed or absent kidney, urogenital system involvement are common. There is a delay in physical development. Intelligence in patients with Fanconi anemia is usually normal. The most serious problems associated with Fanconi anemia include the gradual development of bone marrow disorders. Many patients with Fanconi anemia develop leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, as well as other oncological diseases. Oral manifestations in patients with Fanconi anemia can be classified as gingivitis, periodontitis, dental caries, dental anomalies, soft tissue lesions, oral cancer, and lesions of the tongue. Patients with Fanconi anemia have increased predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and oral cancer. The interdisciplinary team of medical and dental specialists must be included in the medical and dental treatment of patients with Fanconi anemia. For proper dental care of patients with Fanconi anemia, the close cooperation of dental specialists, including orthodontists, pedodontists, prosthetists, oral surgeons, as well as specialists in periodontology and oral diseases, is of particular importance.
{"title":"Oral and Dental Manifestations of Fanconi Anemia","authors":"V. Ambarkova","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2021.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2021.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Fanconi anemia is a rare disease, which is characterized by decreased production of all blood cell types. Fanconi anemia is the most common inherited form of aplastic anemia. Congenital abnormalities of the eyes, ears, and heart, malformed or absent kidney, urogenital system involvement are common. There is a delay in physical development. Intelligence in patients with Fanconi anemia is usually normal. The most serious problems associated with Fanconi anemia include the gradual development of bone marrow disorders. Many patients with Fanconi anemia develop leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, as well as other oncological diseases. Oral manifestations in patients with Fanconi anemia can be classified as gingivitis, periodontitis, dental caries, dental anomalies, soft tissue lesions, oral cancer, and lesions of the tongue. Patients with Fanconi anemia have increased predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and oral cancer. The interdisciplinary team of medical and dental specialists must be included in the medical and dental treatment of patients with Fanconi anemia. For proper dental care of patients with Fanconi anemia, the close cooperation of dental specialists, including orthodontists, pedodontists, prosthetists, oral surgeons, as well as specialists in periodontology and oral diseases, is of particular importance.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49017177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. During the COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown, the selection of simple and authentic online material among plethora of web content is difficult for both students and teachers. This forces students and teachers to explore various avenues of learning. The objective of this research was to evaluate free open-access anatomy e-learning resources in accordance with required standard learning outcomes for medical students. Methods. During February 2021, an extensive search for online modules for learning anatomy across six Massive Open Online Courses, including edX, Coursera, Udemy, Khan Academy, Canvas and FutureLearn, along with Google and YouTube was conducted. Courses or modules on e-learning platforms, YouTube channels, standalone videos, anatomy atlases, 3D models were considered as learning resources and evaluated. Online materials were classified as structured learning resources if they had a defined syllabus, time duration and instructional design. Resources lacking these characteristics were considered as unstructured ones. Results. Twenty structured learning courses were identified on the Udemy (6 courses), Coursera (3 courses), edX (2 courses), FutureLearn and Khan academy platforms. Learning resources available through Swayam Prabha were aligned with the defined syllabus and video lectures. The content hosted within Clinical Anatomy, Medvizz and Kenhub was eye-catching. Thirty-two YouTube channels offering standalone learning material were identified. Seven resource materials, other than YouTube channels, offered anatomy learning material in the form of charts and tables. Four websites noted to have 3D interactive learning content regarding gross anatomy. Conclusions. During the pandemic-induced lockdown, the list presented in the study may act as guide in selection of the simplest and best materials for those teaching and learning anatomy in medical undergraduate courses. However, in most cases, there is no alignment with standard learning outcomes as defined by medical education regulatory authorities.
{"title":"Online Learning Modules in Anatomical Sciences: Effective Sources for Continued Learning for Medical Undergraduates During the Unprecedent COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"S. Viveka, N. Pushpa, K. Ravi","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2021.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2021.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. During the COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown, the selection of simple and authentic online material among plethora of web content is difficult for both students and teachers. This forces students and teachers to explore various avenues of learning. \u0000The objective of this research was to evaluate free open-access anatomy e-learning resources in accordance with required standard learning outcomes for medical students. \u0000Methods. During February 2021, an extensive search for online modules for learning anatomy across six Massive Open Online Courses, including edX, Coursera, Udemy, Khan Academy, Canvas and FutureLearn, along with Google and YouTube was conducted. Courses or modules on e-learning platforms, YouTube channels, standalone videos, anatomy atlases, 3D models were considered as learning resources and evaluated. Online materials were classified as structured learning resources if they had a defined syllabus, time duration and instructional design. Resources lacking these characteristics were considered as unstructured ones. \u0000Results. Twenty structured learning courses were identified on the Udemy (6 courses), Coursera (3 courses), edX (2 courses), FutureLearn and Khan academy platforms. Learning resources available through Swayam Prabha were aligned with the defined syllabus and video lectures. The content hosted within Clinical Anatomy, Medvizz and Kenhub was eye-catching. Thirty-two YouTube channels offering standalone learning material were identified. Seven resource materials, other than YouTube channels, offered anatomy learning material in the form of charts and tables. Four websites noted to have 3D interactive learning content regarding gross anatomy. \u0000Conclusions. During the pandemic-induced lockdown, the list presented in the study may act as guide in selection of the simplest and best materials for those teaching and learning anatomy in medical undergraduate courses. However, in most cases, there is no alignment with standard learning outcomes as defined by medical education regulatory authorities.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47960284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shafqat Shabir Bhawani, M. Jehangir, Mohammad Masood, S. Dar, Sajad Nazir Syed
Introduction. Computed tomography is more accurate than excretory urography in evaluation of renal stones due to its high sensitivity and temporal resolution; it permits sub-millimetric evaluation of the size and site of calculi but cannot evaluate their chemical composition. Dual-energy computed tomography allows evaluating the chemical composition of urinary calculi using simultaneous image acquisition at two different energy levels. The objective of the research was to determine renal stone composition using dual-energy multidetector computed tomography, and its correlation with post-extraction chemical analysis of stones. Materials and Methods. This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging from September 2017 to March 2019. A total of 50 patients with urolithiasis at the age of 18-70 years were included in the study. Dual-energy computed tomography ratios of various stones were noted, and preoperative composition of calculi was given based on their colour and dual-energy computed tomography ratio. These results were compared with the post-extraction chemical analysis of stones (using Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy as the standard comparative method.) Results. The most common type of calculi in our study population was calcium oxalate stones (78%) followed by uric acid stones (12%), cystine stones (6%) and hydroxyapatite stones (4%). The dual-energy ratio of calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine and hydroxyapatite stones ranged from 1.38-1.59, 0.94-1.08, and 1.20-1.28 and 1.52-1.57, respectively, with the mean dual-energy ratio of 1.43, 1.01, 1.25 and 1.55, respectively. Dual-energy computed tomography was found to be 100% sensitive and specific for differentiating uric acid stones from non‑uric acid stones. The sensitivity and specificity in differentiating calcium oxalate calculus from non‑calcium oxalate calculus was 97.5% and 90.9%, respectively, with 96% accuracy and kappa value of 0.883 suggesting strong agreement. Conclusions. Dual-energy computed tomography is highly sensitive and accurate in distinguishing between various types of renal calculi. It has vital role in management as uric acid calculi are amenable to drug treatment, while most of non-uric acid calculi require surgical intervention.
{"title":"Dual-Energy Multidetector Computed Tomography: A Highly Accurate Non-Invasive Tool for in Vivo Determination of Chemical Composition of Renal Calculi","authors":"Shafqat Shabir Bhawani, M. Jehangir, Mohammad Masood, S. Dar, Sajad Nazir Syed","doi":"10.21802/gmj.2021.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2021.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Computed tomography is more accurate than excretory urography in evaluation of renal stones due to its high sensitivity and temporal resolution; it permits sub-millimetric evaluation of the size and site of calculi but cannot evaluate their chemical composition. Dual-energy computed tomography allows evaluating the chemical composition of urinary calculi using simultaneous image acquisition at two different energy levels. \u0000The objective of the research was to determine renal stone composition using dual-energy multidetector computed tomography, and its correlation with post-extraction chemical analysis of stones. \u0000Materials and Methods. This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging from September 2017 to March 2019. A total of 50 patients with urolithiasis at the age of 18-70 years were included in the study. Dual-energy computed tomography ratios of various stones were noted, and preoperative composition of calculi was given based on their colour and dual-energy computed tomography ratio. These results were compared with the post-extraction chemical analysis of stones (using Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy as the standard comparative method.) \u0000Results. The most common type of calculi in our study population was calcium oxalate stones (78%) followed by uric acid stones (12%), cystine stones (6%) and hydroxyapatite stones (4%). The dual-energy ratio of calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine and hydroxyapatite stones ranged from 1.38-1.59, 0.94-1.08, and 1.20-1.28 and 1.52-1.57, respectively, with the mean dual-energy ratio of 1.43, 1.01, 1.25 and 1.55, respectively. Dual-energy computed tomography was found to be 100% sensitive and specific for differentiating uric acid stones from non‑uric acid stones. The sensitivity and specificity in differentiating calcium oxalate calculus from non‑calcium oxalate calculus was 97.5% and 90.9%, respectively, with 96% accuracy and kappa value of 0.883 suggesting strong agreement. \u0000Conclusions. Dual-energy computed tomography is highly sensitive and accurate in distinguishing between various types of renal calculi. It has vital role in management as uric acid calculi are amenable to drug treatment, while most of non-uric acid calculi require surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41576423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. While expecting a healthy child, having a child with a disability can be quite traumatic for all family members, especially parents. The objective of the research was to evaluate affiliate stigma, hopelessness, and life satisfaction in parents of children with intellectual disability. Materials and Methods. The descriptive research included 203 parents of children with intellectual disabilities, who met the research inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Affiliate Stigma Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results. The mean age of parents included in the study was 40.74 ± 7.22 years, with 67.5% of caregiving mothers. The levels of affiliate stigma and hopelessness among parents were low, and they were satisfied with their lives. In case of increasing parental affiliate stigma, their hopelessness was found to increase, while life satisfaction was found to decrease. Conclusions. In order to increase public acceptance of people with disabilities by society, it is recommended to provide trainings and raise awareness against individuals with disabilities and their families.
{"title":"Examination of Affiliate Stigma, Hopelessness and Life Satisfaction in Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilty","authors":"Necla Kasımoğlu, D. Arikan","doi":"10.21802/GMJ.2021.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/GMJ.2021.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. While expecting a healthy child, having a child with a disability can be quite traumatic for all family members, especially parents. The objective of the research was to evaluate affiliate stigma, hopelessness, and life satisfaction in parents of children with intellectual disability. Materials and Methods. The descriptive research included 203 parents of children with intellectual disabilities, who met the research inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Affiliate Stigma Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results. The mean age of parents included in the study was 40.74 ± 7.22 years, with 67.5% of caregiving mothers. The levels of affiliate stigma and hopelessness among parents were low, and they were satisfied with their lives. In case of increasing parental affiliate stigma, their hopelessness was found to increase, while life satisfaction was found to decrease. Conclusions. In order to increase public acceptance of people with disabilities by society, it is recommended to provide trainings and raise awareness against individuals with disabilities and their families.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46619794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sninate, H. Bellamlih, S. Allioui, L. Jroundi, F. Laamrani
Background. Ogilvie syndrome is a rare postpartum complication. It is characterized by an acute colonic pseudo-obstruction which occurs in the absence of a mechanical cause. Early detection of the diagnosis is essential to avoid cecal perforation. Case report. We report a case of Ogilvie syndrome following caesarean section in a 39-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 2) with a history of secondary infertility 10 years ago due to tubal stenosis and subserous fibroma, which led to the indication for cesarean section in second pregnancy at 39 weeks of gestation. Three days after cesarean section, the patient presented with significant abdominal distension and tenderness, vomiting, weakness, and nausea; an abdominal X-ray showed cecal distension. Abdominal computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast revealed distension of the ascending and transverse colon with air-fluid levels but without transitional mechanical obstruction. The patient was successfully treated. Conclusions. Ogilvie syndrome is a rare but serious complication that should be considered in fit young patients who present with pain, severe abdominal distension and failure to pass flatus after caesarean section.
{"title":"Ogilvie Syndrome Following Caesarean Section: A Case Report","authors":"S. Sninate, H. Bellamlih, S. Allioui, L. Jroundi, F. Laamrani","doi":"10.21802/GMJ.2021.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/GMJ.2021.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Ogilvie syndrome is a rare postpartum complication. It is characterized by an acute colonic pseudo-obstruction which occurs in the absence of a mechanical cause. Early detection of the diagnosis is essential to avoid cecal perforation. \u0000 Case report. We report a case of Ogilvie syndrome following caesarean section in a 39-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 2) with a history of secondary infertility 10 years ago due to tubal stenosis and subserous fibroma, which led to the indication for cesarean section in second pregnancy at 39 weeks of gestation. Three days after cesarean section, the patient presented with significant abdominal distension and tenderness, vomiting, weakness, and nausea; an abdominal X-ray showed cecal distension. Abdominal computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast revealed distension of the ascending and transverse colon with air-fluid levels but without transitional mechanical obstruction. The patient was successfully treated. \u0000Conclusions. Ogilvie syndrome is a rare but serious complication that should be considered in fit young patients who present with pain, severe abdominal distension and failure to pass flatus after caesarean section.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42008224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The hormonally induced non-neoplastic lesions of ovarian stroma during pregnancy must be recognized by pathologist in order to avoid mistaking them for true tumors. Case report: A 28-year-old woman was delivered of a healthy infant by cesarean section. As an incidental finding, a multicystic tumor in the left ovary was found and resected. Histopathology was consistent with benign mucinous cystadenoma. In addition, within the stroma beneath the lining mucinous epithelium, a dense population of cohesive polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, typically resembling the Leydig cells, was seen. They were uniform without atypia, accompaning by minimal proliferative activity. They strongly expressed vimentin, inhibin, CD99 and calretinin. The final diagnosis of mucinous cystadenoma associated with hyperplasia of stromal Leydig cells was made. Conclusions: Leydig cell hyperplasia belongs to the specific changes of ovarian stroma associated with pregnancy. The present case stresses that in such situation the pathologists should be aware of it and not confuse it with a tumor.
{"title":"Mucinous Cystadenoma of the Ovary Associated with Hyperplasia of Stromal Leydig Cells in Pregnant Woman","authors":"V. Bartoš","doi":"10.21802/GMJ.2021.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21802/GMJ.2021.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The hormonally induced non-neoplastic lesions of ovarian stroma during pregnancy must be recognized by pathologist in order to avoid mistaking them for true tumors. Case report: A 28-year-old woman was delivered of a healthy infant by cesarean section. As an incidental finding, a multicystic tumor in the left ovary was found and resected. Histopathology was consistent with benign mucinous cystadenoma. In addition, within the stroma beneath the lining mucinous epithelium, a dense population of cohesive polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, typically resembling the Leydig cells, was seen. They were uniform without atypia, accompaning by minimal proliferative activity. They strongly expressed vimentin, inhibin, CD99 and calretinin. The final diagnosis of mucinous cystadenoma associated with hyperplasia of stromal Leydig cells was made. Conclusions: Leydig cell hyperplasia belongs to the specific changes of ovarian stroma associated with pregnancy. The present case stresses that in such situation the pathologists should be aware of it and not confuse it with a tumor.","PeriodicalId":12537,"journal":{"name":"Galician Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46414546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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