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Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: Impetus, Complexities, Challenges and Solutions 环境空气质量监测:动力、复杂性、挑战和解决方案
Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRHVOL21IS4PG41
R. Tatavarti
The poor state of air quality all over the world in general, and across India in particular, is a cause for extreme concern as it is directly and indirectly linked to the deterioration of human health and economies of nations The many complexities and challenges posed by ambient air quality monitoring, prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to suggest a road map for all nations for the year 2020 -to arrive at a consensus for effective air quality monitoring by all stakeholders –nations and governments, regulatory and controlling bodies, NGOs, scientists and researchers and private citizens.
世界各地,特别是印度各地的恶劣空气质量状况令人极为关切,因为它直接或间接地与人类健康和各国经济的恶化有关。促使世界卫生组织(世卫组织)为所有国家提出了2020年的路线图,以便所有利益攸关方——国家和政府、监管和控制机构、非政府组织、科学家和研究人员以及普通公民——就有效的空气质量监测达成共识。
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引用次数: 1
Two Mathematical Approaches to Inferring the Internal Structure of Proteins from their Shape 从形状推断蛋白质内部结构的两种数学方法
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRFVOL21IS3PG1
Naoto Morikawa
sing a simple mathematical model, we propose two approaches to externally infer how the amino-acid sequence is folded in a protein. One is the previously proposed differential geometric approach. The other is a new category theoretical approach proposed in this paper. As an example, we consider detecting the presence of internal singularities from the outside. Knowledge of Category theory is not required. Proteins are represented as a loop of triangles. In both approaches, the outer contour of the loop is examined to detect the presence of singular triangles (such as isolated triangles) inside. By considering the interaction between loops, the new approach allows us to detect more singular triangles than the previous approach. We hope that this research will provide a new perspective on protein structure analysis and promote further collaboration between mathematics and biology.
通过一个简单的数学模型,我们提出了两种从外部推断氨基酸序列如何在蛋白质中折叠的方法。一种是先前提出的微分几何方法。另一种是本文提出的新的范畴理论方法。作为一个例子,我们考虑从外部检测内部奇点的存在。不需要范畴论的知识。蛋白质被表示为一个三角形的环。在这两种方法中,检查环路的外轮廓以检测内部是否存在奇异三角形(如孤立三角形)。通过考虑循环之间的相互作用,新方法使我们能够比以前的方法检测到更多的奇异三角形。我们希望这项研究能为蛋白质结构分析提供一个新的视角,并促进数学与生物学的进一步合作。
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引用次数: 0
Obtaining of Nano Gold from Concentrate (Banská Hodruša, Slovakia) Using Algae with Utilization of Mechanochemical Activation 利用机械化学活化藻类从(bansk<e:1> Hodruša,斯洛伐克)精矿中获得纳米金
Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrhvol21is3pg1
J. Ficeriová, E. Dutková, J. Harvanová
The difficult and predominantly toxic processing of sulphide concentrates with a low gold content has prompted the finding of a more efficient and environmentally friendly method of obtaining this noble metal. This work was therefore focused on the recovery of gold from the concentrate of refractory sulphide complex (Banská Hodruša, Slovakia) using a non-cyanide mechanochemico-biological process. Gold in this complex concentrate is physically located in the intercrystalline space of sulfide minerals and fills in structural defects in sulfides. The precipitation of gold from the complex mineral matrices of the concentrate can be achieved using a mechanochemico-biological process. This innovative process makes it possible to recover gold by applying a thiourea solution, which is a preferred alternative to toxic a cyanidation. The use of a biological process with the application of algae has shown that algae with siliceous structures make it possible to obtain gold from a complex concentrate (Banská Hodruša, Slovakia) with dimensions of the nano. Limnetic algae (diatoms, golden algae) are part of aquatic ecosystems and form the largest of biomass of all plants on Earth. Mechanochemicobiological process is a method that allows to obtain 100 nm gold nanoparticles from refractory sulphide concentrate (Banská Hodruša, Slovakia).
处理含金量低的硫化物精矿的困难和主要毒性促使人们发现了一种更有效和更环保的方法来获得这种贵金属。因此,这项工作的重点是从难熔硫化物络合物(bansk Hodruša,斯洛伐克)的精矿中利用非氰化物机械化学-生物过程回收金。该复杂精矿中的金在物理上位于硫化矿物的晶间空间,并填充在硫化物的结构缺陷中。从精矿的复杂矿物基质中金的沉淀可以通过机械-化学-生物过程来实现。这种创新的工艺使得通过应用硫脲溶液来回收金成为可能,硫脲溶液是毒性氰化的首选替代品。生物工艺与藻类的应用表明,具有硅质结构的藻类可以从纳米尺寸的复杂精矿(bansk Hodruša,斯洛伐克)中获得金。沼泽藻(硅藻、金藻)是水生生态系统的一部分,是地球上所有植物中生物量最大的。机械化学生物工艺是一种从难熔硫化物精矿中获得100纳米金纳米颗粒的方法(bansk Hodruša,斯洛伐克)。
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引用次数: 0
Musca Domestica: A Vector of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Biocontrol Approaches 家蝇:病原微生物的载体及生物防治方法
Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRCVOL21IS2PG1
A. S. Al-Nasser, Dina E El-Ghwas, Aisha A. Al-Sheikhy
House fly “Musca domestica” Linnaeus is a common insect widely distributed all over the world and is one of the domestic insect pests found associated with human and animal. Due to their habits and habitats, house flies are able to transmit several pathogenic microorganisms to man such as: bacteria, fungi and virus. House flies are not just annoying human and animal, but they also have been known as vectors of infectious microorganisms either mechanically or biologically. Chemical insecticides have been used for many years and have been known as the most effective approach in house fly management but due to their side effects on the environment and the increasing development of pest resistance to each new chemical, studies tended to explore new alternative methods in pest control. Biological methods including different predators, parasites, entomopathogenic micro-organisms and botanical extracts showed in the last years a practical and effective ecofriendly method to control insect pests including house fly and at the same time safe on human and animal.
家蝇(Musca domestica Linnaeus)是一种广泛分布在世界各地的常见昆虫,是与人类和动物有关的家庭害虫之一。由于它们的习性和栖息地,家蝇能够向人类传播几种致病微生物,如:细菌、真菌和病毒。家蝇不仅是令人讨厌的人类和动物,而且它们也被认为是感染性微生物的载体,无论是机械上还是生物学上。化学杀虫剂已使用多年,被认为是控制家蝇最有效的方法,但由于其对环境的副作用以及害虫对每种新化学品的抗性日益增加,研究倾向于探索新的替代方法来控制害虫。近年来,包括不同捕食者、寄生虫、昆虫病原微生物和植物提取物在内的生物方法显示出一种实用有效的生态友好的方法来控制包括家蝇在内的害虫,同时对人类和动物安全。
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引用次数: 0
Herbal Recipes, Drug Indications and Sustainability Potential of Traditional Oral Liquid Formulations in Ogbomoso, Nigeria 尼日利亚Ogbomoso传统口服液配方的草药配方、药物适应症和可持续性潜力
Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRCVOL21IS2PG39
A. Ogunkunle, J. E. Ideh, M. A. Jimoh
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引用次数: 0
Nitrogen Sorption Isotherms of Biologically Synthesized Non-stoichiometric Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles (HAp NPs) Extracted from Fish Bones 鱼骨生物合成非化学计量羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒(HAp NPs)的氮吸附等温线
Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRCVOL21IS2PG25
M. Hasan, M. Ghazali, N. F. Mohtar
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) with the chemical formula of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2is a mineral component found in bone structure, and has broad application in many fields. Several sources can be used for the extraction of HAp either synthetic or natural. However, sources such as porcine and bovine have drawbacks that decreased the demand of HAp. This study aimed to extract and determine particle size distribution and pore characteristics of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp NPs) derived from spotted sardinella (Amblygaster sirm). Further characterization of extracted HAp NPs was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET). SEM analysis has shown that the extracted HApNPs has an irregularsp here-like shape with particle size distribution ranged from 95nm to 100nm.
羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite, HAp)化学式为Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2,是一种存在于骨骼结构中的矿物成分,在许多领域有着广泛的应用。几种来源可用于提取HAp,无论是合成的还是天然的。然而,猪和牛等来源有减少HAp需求的缺点。本研究旨在提取并测定斑点沙丁鱼(Amblygaster sirm)中羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒(HAp NPs)的粒径分布和孔隙特征。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、x射线能谱(EDS)和布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒(BET)对提取的HAp NPs进行进一步表征。SEM分析表明,所提取的HApNPs呈不规则的sp状,粒径分布范围为95nm ~ 100nm。
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引用次数: 1
A Note on Simulating Predecessor-Successor Relationships in Critical Path Models 关键路径模型中前身-后继关系模拟的注解
Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRFVOL21IS2PG1
G. Light
For any n entities, we exhaust all possible ordered relationships, from rank (or the highest number of connections in a linear chain, comparable to matrix rank) 0 to (n 1). As an example, we use spreadsheets with the “RAND” function to simulate the case of n = 8 with the order-length = 3, as from a total of 10000 possibilities by the number of combinations of selecting 2 (a pair of predecessor-successor) out of 5 (= card{A, B, C, D} + 1) matchingdestinations followed by an exponentiation of 4 (= 8 – card{A, B, C, D}). Since the essence of this paper is about ordered structures of networks, our findings here may serve multi-disciplinary interests, in particular, that of the critical path method (CPM) in operations with management. In this connection, we have also included, toward the end of this exposition, a linear algebraic treatment that renders a deterministic mathematical programming for optimal predecessorsuccessor network structures.
对于任何n实体,我们排气所有可能的命令的关系,从等级(或最高的连接数线性链,与矩阵秩)0 (n - 1)。作为一个例子,我们使用电子表格“兰德”功能来模拟的情况下n = 8 order-length = 3,从10000的可能性的数量组合选择2(两个前任继承者)5(=卡{a, B, C,D} + 1)匹配目的地,然后取4的幂(= 8 - card{A, B, C, D})。由于本文的本质是关于网络的有序结构,我们在这里的发现可能服务于多学科的兴趣,特别是关键路径方法(CPM)在管理操作中的应用。在这方面,我们还包括,在本论述的最后,一个线性代数处理,提供了最优的前身和后继网络结构的确定性数学规划。
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引用次数: 1
A Note on Few Interesting Approaches of Solving Equations to Find the Number of Real Zeros 关于求实数零的几个有趣的解方程方法的注释
Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRFVOL21IS2PG23
Prabir Kumar Paul
Be it in the world of mathematics or real life, it is often rewarding to think out-of-the box while solving a problem. Accordingly, in this paper, our aim is to explore the various alternative approaches for solving algebraic equations and finding the number of real zeros. We will further delve deeper into the conceptual part of mathematics and understand how implementation of simple ideas can lead to an acceptable solution, which otherwise would have been tedious by considering the conventional approaches. In the pursuit of achieving the objective of this paper, we will consider few examples with full solutions coupled with precise explanation. It is also intended to leave something meaningful for the readers to explore further on their own. The fundamental objective of this paper is to emphasize on the importance of application of basic mathematical logic, concept of inequality, concept of domain and range of functions, concept of calculus and last but not the least the graphical approach in solving mathematical equations. As a further clarification on the scope of this paper, it is highly pertinent to bring to the understanding of the readers two important aspects firstly, we will only deal with equations involving real variables; and secondly, this paper does not include topics related to number theory.
无论是在数学世界还是在现实生活中,在解决问题时跳出常规思维往往是有益的。因此,在本文中,我们的目的是探索求解代数方程和求实零数的各种替代方法。我们将进一步深入探讨数学的概念部分,并了解如何实现简单的想法可以导致一个可接受的解决方案,否则将是繁琐的考虑传统的方法。为了实现本文的目标,我们将考虑几个具有完整解和精确解释的例子。它也打算为读者留下一些有意义的东西,让他们自己进一步探索。本文的基本目的是强调基本数学逻辑、不等式的概念、函数的定义域和值域的概念、微积分的概念以及最后但并非最不重要的图解方法在求解数学方程中的重要性。为了进一步澄清本文的范围,让读者了解两个重要方面是非常相关的:首先,我们将只处理涉及实变量的方程;其次,本文不包括与数论相关的主题。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing Energy Efficiency of the Executive Mechanisms of Intellectual Systems 提高智力系统执行机制的能效
Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRDVOL21IS2PG23
A. Djalilov, R. Baratov, E. Sobirov, M. Begmatov, X. Valixonova
At the same time, the demand for water and energy resources around the world is growing year by year. This requires the efficient use of available water and energy resources. Currently, attention is paid to the low energy consumption of devices manufactured in all areas. In particular, in our country, scientific research is being conducted to create energy-efficient devices in the water management system. This article is devoted to the positive solution of the listed problematic issues.
与此同时,世界各地对水和能源的需求逐年增长。这需要有效地利用现有的水和能源资源。目前,人们关注的是在所有领域制造的设备的低能耗。特别是在我国,正在进行科学研究,以在水管理系统中创造节能装置。本文致力于积极解决所列出的问题。
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引用次数: 3
Influence of Aggressivity of Water on the Long Term Sustainability of Hydro Power Structures – A Review 水的侵蚀性对水电结构长期可持续性的影响——综述
Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.34257/GJSFRHVOL21IS2PG1
B. Anand
To fulfil country’s irrigation and power requirements various large capacity dams have been constructed on major rivers in last 50 years. The long term sustainability of these structures is largely dependent on hydro-environment and the capacity of these structures to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, or any other process of deterioration. The concrete deterioration is directly influenced by various geographical, climatic and ecological conditions. The chemical reactions between cement and water enable the setting and hardening of cement, resulting in a binding medium for the aggregates and development of strength. Quality of water plays an important role in the production of concrete. There are some chemical environments under which the useful life of even the best concrete will be affected adversely. The aggressiveness of water is dependent on the pH value, the total dissolved salts, the degree of hardness, soluble chlorides, sulphates, carbonation, temperature and alkalinity etc. Understanding these conditions permit measures to be taken to prevent or reduce deterioration.
在过去的50年里,为了满足国家的灌溉和电力需求,在主要河流上建造了各种大容量水坝。这些结构的长期可持续性很大程度上取决于水环境和这些结构抵抗风化作用、化学侵蚀、磨损或任何其他恶化过程的能力。混凝土的劣化直接受到各种地理、气候和生态条件的影响。水泥和水之间的化学反应使水泥凝固和硬化,从而形成集料和强度发展的结合介质。水质在混凝土生产中起着重要的作用。在某些化学环境下,即使是最好的混凝土的使用寿命也会受到不利影响。水的侵蚀性取决于pH值、总溶解盐、硬度、可溶氯化物、硫酸盐、碳化作用、温度和碱度等。了解这些情况可以采取措施防止或减少恶化。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research
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