Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-523-531
N. Zaitseva, I. May, S. Kleyn, Andrey A. Guskov, Natalya I. Kolesnikova, Еkaterina V. Maksimovа
Introduction. The relevance of study arises from the great number of objects of accumulated environmental damage (OAED) in the Russian Federation and the necessity to identify those that are subject to immediate elimination. The aim of this study was to test methodical approaches to estimating actual OAED, assign them into categories, and rank them as per health risk indicators; also, we generalized the results obtained by estimating 192 objects in 2022. Materials and methods. Fuzzy set theory was used as a methodical base for analyzing the results. Method makes it possible to analyze a great number of both quantitative and qualitative heterogeneous variables, as one complex. Matrices with each indicator estimated in terms of influence on human health were filled in for each type of objects. Results. Health risk assessment did not identify any objects that could be assigned into an ‘extremely high risk’ category. 17 OAED (8.9 %) were ranked as ‘high risk’ objects (R=0.76÷0.60). 101 OAED (52.6 %) – as ‘average risk’ objects (R=0.39÷0.58). 72 objects (37.5 %) created ‘moderate risks’ (R=0.45÷0.21). Two objects were considered ‘low risk’ ones (R=0.33÷0.20). Limitations. Quantitative data describe only 192 examined objects located in specific geological and climatic-geographical conditions. Conclusion. The study results give evidence that applied methods are relevant, flexible, and provide correct comparative estimations of OAED of various origin, types of accumulated wastes, existence, and locations. The regulatory and legal base for estimation of ОАЕD further development considering health risk indicators for determining priority of its elimination. Targeted studies with elements of human biomonitoring would become an additional factor providing more solid evidence of OAED negative effect on health, which allows determining the relevance of the elimination of the object assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures to eliminate objects.
{"title":"Methodological approaches and some results of the assessment of objects of accumulated environmental damage according to public health risk criteria","authors":"N. Zaitseva, I. May, S. Kleyn, Andrey A. Guskov, Natalya I. Kolesnikova, Еkaterina V. Maksimovа","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-523-531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-523-531","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The relevance of study arises from the great number of objects of accumulated environmental damage (OAED) in the Russian Federation and the necessity to identify those that are subject to immediate elimination. \u0000The aim of this study was to test methodical approaches to estimating actual OAED, assign them into categories, and rank them as per health risk indicators; also, we generalized the results obtained by estimating 192 objects in 2022. \u0000Materials and methods. Fuzzy set theory was used as a methodical base for analyzing the results. Method makes it possible to analyze a great number of both quantitative and qualitative heterogeneous variables, as one complex. Matrices with each indicator estimated in terms of influence on human health were filled in for each type of objects. \u0000Results. Health risk assessment did not identify any objects that could be assigned into an ‘extremely high risk’ category. 17 OAED (8.9 %) were ranked as ‘high risk’ objects (R=0.76÷0.60). 101 OAED (52.6 %) – as ‘average risk’ objects (R=0.39÷0.58). 72 objects (37.5 %) created ‘moderate risks’ (R=0.45÷0.21). Two objects were considered ‘low risk’ ones (R=0.33÷0.20). \u0000Limitations. Quantitative data describe only 192 examined objects located in specific geological and climatic-geographical conditions. \u0000Conclusion. The study results give evidence that applied methods are relevant, flexible, and provide correct comparative estimations of OAED of various origin, types of accumulated wastes, existence, and locations. The regulatory and legal base for estimation of ОАЕD further development considering health risk indicators for determining priority of its elimination. Targeted studies with elements of human biomonitoring would become an additional factor providing more solid evidence of OAED negative effect on health, which allows determining the relevance of the elimination of the object assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures to eliminate objects.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43795960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-516-522
Tatiana S. Ulanova, Tatiana D. Karnazhitskaya, Maria O. Starchikova
Introduction. Phenol and its derivatives are widely distributed in the environment. To assess the risk of the negative impact of phenols on human health, data on their content in biological media are needed. Purpose of research. Development of a sensitive and selective method for the determination of phenol and catechol in the whole blood by HPLC. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on a Shimadzu liquid chromatograph with an RF-20A fluorimetric detector. The efficiency of extraction of analytes from the matrix was checked by methods of liquid and solid phase extraction, QuEChERS. The metrological parameters of the measurement technique were experimentally established. Approbation of the method was carried out during the analysis of whole blood in children living in territories with various technogenic impacts. Results. The developed method makes it possible to determine phenol and catechol in whole blood at the level of 0.005–0.5 mg/dm3 with an error of ≤33%. The degree of extraction of phenol from whole blood by the QuEChERS method is 100%, pyrocatechol – 75%. A significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average group content of phenol and pyrocatechol was established in the whole blood of children living in an ecologically loaded area compared to a conditionally clean area by 2.1 times. Limitations. The study of the content of phenol and pyrocatechol in the whole blood in the child population is limited by the number of territories and examined children. To establish the background content of phenol and catechol in the whole blood of the child population at the population level under conditions of environmental stress and outside the zone of anthropogenic influence, it is necessary to conduct more extensive studies in various territories covering a larger number of examined children. Conclusion. The developed method can be used in hygienic research to assess the risk of phenols exposure to the health of the child population living in areas with various anthropogenic pressure.
{"title":"Quantitative determination of phenol and pyrocatechol in the whole blood by high performance liquid chromatography","authors":"Tatiana S. Ulanova, Tatiana D. Karnazhitskaya, Maria O. Starchikova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-516-522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-516-522","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Phenol and its derivatives are widely distributed in the environment. To assess the risk of the negative impact of phenols on human health, data on their content in biological media are needed. \u0000Purpose of research. Development of a sensitive and selective method for the determination of phenol and catechol in the whole blood by HPLC. \u0000Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on a Shimadzu liquid chromatograph with an RF-20A fluorimetric detector. The efficiency of extraction of analytes from the matrix was checked by methods of liquid and solid phase extraction, QuEChERS. The metrological parameters of the measurement technique were experimentally established. Approbation of the method was carried out during the analysis of whole blood in children living in territories with various technogenic impacts. \u0000Results. The developed method makes it possible to determine phenol and catechol in whole blood at the level of 0.005–0.5 mg/dm3 with an error of ≤33%. The degree of extraction of phenol from whole blood by the QuEChERS method is 100%, pyrocatechol – 75%. A significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average group content of phenol and pyrocatechol was established in the whole blood of children living in an ecologically loaded area compared to a conditionally clean area by 2.1 times. \u0000Limitations. The study of the content of phenol and pyrocatechol in the whole blood in the child population is limited by the number of territories and examined children. To establish the background content of phenol and catechol in the whole blood of the child population at the population level under conditions of environmental stress and outside the zone of anthropogenic influence, it is necessary to conduct more extensive studies in various territories covering a larger number of examined children. \u0000Conclusion. The developed method can be used in hygienic research to assess the risk of phenols exposure to the health of the child population living in areas with various anthropogenic pressure.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47614682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-509-515
I. Mamonova, I. Kosheleva, Aleksandr A. Shirokov, Yurij S. Gusev, A. N. Mikerov
The problem of water sources pollution, connected with increasing anthropogenic charge is attracting a lot of attention nowadays. Most of hygienic evaluation methods of water objects are based on physicochemical analysis of water samples. These methods can’t be considered as consistent in determination of full range of pollutants. Sanitary chemical analysis of water environment, coupled with biological testing seems to be more informative. One of the most prospective research trends nowadays is using human cell lines as test objects. During the preparation of this review, there were used following database sources: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RISC. As a conclusion of performed sources analysis, we can point at high sensitivity of cell lines, extracted from human digestive (Caco-2, HepG2) and excretory systems (HEK-203) to the influence of pollutants taken from different water sources. The data obtained by the authors indicate both a cytopathic effect and a change in the cytochemical and cytomorphological characteristics of cell cultures under the influence of pollutants in water. The use of human cell cultures as test objects in water biotesting is an urgent direction in the study of water supply sources for drinking and household needs of the population without preliminary purification. The use of human cell cultures in the biotesting of water makes it possible to give not only a toxicological characteristic of water samples, but also to assess the possibility of developing an undesirable effect associated with the ingress of pollutants into the internal environment of the body.
与日益增加的人为费用有关的水源污染问题目前引起了人们的广泛关注。大多数水体的卫生评价方法都是基于对水样的理化分析。这些方法不能被认为是一致的，以确定全范围的污染物。对水环境进行卫生化学分析，再加上生物检测，似乎信息量更大。目前最有前景的研究趋势之一是使用人类细胞系作为测试对象。在本综述的准备过程中，使用了以下数据库来源：Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed、RISC。作为所进行的来源分析的结论，我们可以指出，从人类消化系统（Caco-2，HepG2）和排泄系统（HEK-203）提取的细胞系对来自不同水源的污染物的影响具有高度敏感性。作者获得的数据表明，在水中污染物的影响下，细胞培养物的细胞化学和细胞形态特征发生了细胞病变效应和变化。在水生物测试中使用人类细胞培养物作为测试对象是研究未经初步净化的人群饮用水和家庭用水供应源的迫切方向。在水的生物测试中使用人类细胞培养物不仅可以给出水样的毒理学特征，还可以评估污染物进入人体内部环境产生不良影响的可能性。
{"title":"Using human cell culture to assess the toxicity of water \u0000(literature review)","authors":"I. Mamonova, I. Kosheleva, Aleksandr A. Shirokov, Yurij S. Gusev, A. N. Mikerov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-509-515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-509-515","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of water sources pollution, connected with increasing anthropogenic charge is attracting a lot of attention nowadays. Most of hygienic evaluation methods of water objects are based on physicochemical analysis of water samples. These methods can’t be considered as consistent in determination of full range of pollutants. Sanitary chemical analysis of water environment, coupled with biological testing seems to be more informative. One of the most prospective research trends nowadays is using human cell lines as test objects. During the preparation of this review, there were used following database sources: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RISC. As a conclusion of performed sources analysis, we can point at high sensitivity of cell lines, extracted from human digestive (Caco-2, HepG2) and excretory systems (HEK-203) to the influence of pollutants taken from different water sources. The data obtained by the authors indicate both a cytopathic effect and a change in the cytochemical and cytomorphological characteristics of cell cultures under the influence of pollutants in water. The use of human cell cultures as test objects in water biotesting is an urgent direction in the study of water supply sources for drinking and household needs of the population without preliminary purification. The use of human cell cultures in the biotesting of water makes it possible to give not only a toxicological characteristic of water samples, but also to assess the possibility of developing an undesirable effect associated with the ingress of pollutants into the internal environment of the body.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47958366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-474-481
G. G. Onishchenko, V. B. Voynov
The article reveals the main trends in the decline in the health of modern children and adolescents studying in educational institutions, describes signs of violations in the pace and quality of growth and development of children, an increase in the signs of chronic pathologies over schooling. Literature data on the importance of modern school factors in reducing health are revealed, first of all, we are talking about the suboptimal educational environment, mental and emotional overload, physical inactivity, low motivation for a healthy lifestyle. The authors reveal the psychophysiological concept of health as a generalized property of a person to adequately adapt to a wide range of factors of various nature. The purpose of the study was to analyze current problems and prospects for ensuring the health of children in the context of educational institutions. Particular attention is paid to the School as a complex factor that determines the tension of the child’s regulatory systems, significantly changing his entire lifestyle, making special demands on the “school-significant” properties of the child. There are very common cases of “school maladjustment”, which determine a significant decrease in health parameters by the type of stress disorders. Life determines the importance of a constant increase in the intensity of learning, volume of necessary knowledge and competencies, both formed and implemented in an ever more complex society, including in the context of global computerization and informatization. In the course of receiving schooling experiences the child makes a draft on an ever-increasing influence of socio-psychological stress. An important component of the educational environment is the Teacher, who can both increase the pressure of negative factors and make the learning environment more comfortable, solving the problems of teaching and educating children by adequate and effective means.
{"title":"School medicine: relevance, problems, and development prospects (literature review)","authors":"G. G. Onishchenko, V. B. Voynov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-474-481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-474-481","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the main trends in the decline in the health of modern children and adolescents studying in educational institutions, describes signs of violations in the pace and quality of growth and development of children, an increase in the signs of chronic pathologies over schooling. Literature data on the importance of modern school factors in reducing health are revealed, first of all, we are talking about the suboptimal educational environment, mental and emotional overload, physical inactivity, low motivation for a healthy lifestyle. The authors reveal the psychophysiological concept of health as a generalized property of a person to adequately adapt to a wide range of factors of various nature. \u0000The purpose of the study was to analyze current problems and prospects for ensuring the health of children in the context of educational institutions. Particular attention is paid to the School as a complex factor that determines the tension of the child’s regulatory systems, significantly changing his entire lifestyle, making special demands on the “school-significant” properties of the child. There are very common cases of “school maladjustment”, which determine a significant decrease in health parameters by the type of stress disorders. Life determines the importance of a constant increase in the intensity of learning, volume of necessary knowledge and competencies, both formed and implemented in an ever more complex society, including in the context of global computerization and informatization. In the course of receiving schooling experiences the child makes a draft on an ever-increasing influence of socio-psychological stress. An important component of the educational environment is the Teacher, who can both increase the pressure of negative factors and make the learning environment more comfortable, solving the problems of teaching and educating children by adequate and effective means.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44984414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-462-465
V. E. Bogdanova, E. V. Zhovnerchuk, Nataliya A. Kostenko, V. Serikov
Introduction. One of the important directions of medical and psychological research is the scientific search for approaches and research methods in the field of adaptive resources of the individual necessity to maintain optimal performance and successful functioning of a specialist in occupational activity. At the present stage, the indicators of the functional state of the employee are taken into account and analyzed according to average values, without taking into account personalized data. This approach may lead to inaccuracies in the interpretation of the results obtained. The purpose of the study is to determine the most significant criteria for assessing the functional state of railway transport workers based on the analysis of the database of the automated system of pre‒trip medical examinations (KAPD-01-ST complex, ASF), taking into account the previously established individual threshold values of their current functional state indicators. Materials and methods. As part of the work, the database of the system of pre-trip medical examination of four hundred employees of locomotive crews was analyzed. Among them, 200 people (according to the assessment of their psychophysiological state) were classified as a “risk group”. The average age (not included in the “risk group”) is 51.4 ± 2.8 years; those included in the “risk group” ‒ 51.6 ± 3.5 years. Results. According to the results of factor analysis (CMO = 0.737, Barlett sphericity criterion p<0.05), 5 factors were identified. The cumulative percentage on the last component is 94.723. Based on the study of the results of the automated system of pre-trip medical examination (ASP), the most significant indicators of assessing the functional state of employees of locomotive crews of railway transport in the formation of a “risk group” were identified. Limitations. The representativeness of the sample size was ensured by the participation of 400 employees of locomotive crews in the study. The limitations of the study are related to the distribution of respondents by gender: there are no female respondents in the sample. Conclusion. The previously applied approaches of the system, the assessment of the functional state of the employee according to group criteria, taking into account the average values, do not allow today to obtain a forecast of occupational reliability that meets modern requirements. There is an obvious need to create a new, more objective assessment system of the degree of overstrain of the functional systems of the human body, aimed at taking into account the individual characteristics of the operator professions.
{"title":"The personalized operational control of the functional state in railway transport workers","authors":"V. E. Bogdanova, E. V. Zhovnerchuk, Nataliya A. Kostenko, V. Serikov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-462-465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-462-465","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the important directions of medical and psychological research is the scientific search for approaches and research methods in the field of adaptive resources of the individual necessity to maintain optimal performance and successful functioning of a specialist in occupational activity. At the present stage, the indicators of the functional state of the employee are taken into account and analyzed according to average values, without taking into account personalized data. This approach may lead to inaccuracies in the interpretation of the results obtained. \u0000The purpose of the study is to determine the most significant criteria for assessing the functional state of railway transport workers based on the analysis of the database of the automated system of pre‒trip medical examinations (KAPD-01-ST complex, ASF), taking into account the previously established individual threshold values of their current functional state indicators. \u0000Materials and methods. As part of the work, the database of the system of pre-trip medical examination of four hundred employees of locomotive crews was analyzed. Among them, 200 people (according to the assessment of their psychophysiological state) were classified as a “risk group”. The average age (not included in the “risk group”) is 51.4 ± 2.8 years; those included in the “risk group” ‒ 51.6 ± 3.5 years. \u0000Results. According to the results of factor analysis (CMO = 0.737, Barlett sphericity criterion p<0.05), 5 factors were identified. The cumulative percentage \u0000on the last component is 94.723. Based on the study of the results of the automated system of pre-trip medical examination (ASP), the most significant indicators \u0000of assessing the functional state of employees of locomotive crews of railway transport in the formation of a “risk group” were identified. \u0000Limitations. The representativeness of the sample size was ensured by the participation of 400 employees of locomotive crews in the study. The limitations of the study are related to the distribution of respondents by gender: there are no female respondents in the sample. \u0000Conclusion. The previously applied approaches of the system, the assessment of the functional state of the employee according to group criteria, taking into account the average values, do not allow today to obtain a forecast of occupational reliability that meets modern requirements. There is an obvious need to create a new, more objective assessment system of the degree of overstrain of the functional systems of the human body, aimed at taking into account the individual characteristics of the operator professions.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41655603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-445-451
T. A. Novikova, A. G. Migacheva, G. Bezrukova, Yu. A. Aleshina, Natalya A. Kochetova
Introduction. Ensuring safe working conditions and preventing health problems in the workplace is a priority measure for maintaining health and extending the working life of the working population. Materials and methods. The working conditions and chronic non-infectious morbidity (primary, accumulated) of workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were studied according to the data of in-depth medical examinations (2017–2021). Results. Workers of modern production of PAN fibers in the course of their work were shown to be exposed to the combined effects of a complex of chemicals of 1–4 hazard classes, industrial noise, severity and labour intensity, which form an occupational health risk, assessed by hygienic criteria in categories from small (class 3.1) to high (class 3.3). The first ranking places in the nosological structure of accumulated chronic non-infectious morbidity of workers were occupied by dorsalgia (24.23%), essential (primary) arterial hypertension (14.67%), obesity (9.9%) and presbyopia (8.87%). Positive associations of weak age strength with arterial hypertension, obesity, and presbyopia were revealed (Rxy=0.280, Rxy=0.121, Rxy=0.133, respectively). Work experience had a weak positive relationship with the prevalence of presbyopia (Rxy=0.239). A causal relationship was established between a moderate degree of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (dorsalgia, the severity of the labour process (RR=1.893; EF=47.183%; CI=1.192–3.007), a relationship between a small degree of diseases of the eye and its adnexa with exposure acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate (RR=1.46; EF=31.522%; CI=1.970–1.082), which made it possible to attribute these pathologies to work-related diseases. Limitations determined by the study of the subject of research in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers of one enterprise. Conclusion. Despite the modernization that has taken place in the chemical industry, working conditions in the modern production of PAN fibers continue to be harmful, presenting an occupational risk for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in workers, which determines the relevance of developing evidence-based measures for their prevention.
{"title":"Working conditions and the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases among workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers","authors":"T. A. Novikova, A. G. Migacheva, G. Bezrukova, Yu. A. Aleshina, Natalya A. Kochetova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-445-451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-445-451","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ensuring safe working conditions and preventing health problems in the workplace is a priority measure for maintaining health and extending the working life of the working population. \u0000Materials and methods. The working conditions and chronic non-infectious morbidity (primary, accumulated) of workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were studied according to the data of in-depth medical examinations (2017–2021). \u0000Results. Workers of modern production of PAN fibers in the course of their work were shown to be exposed to the combined effects of a complex of chemicals of 1–4 hazard classes, industrial noise, severity and labour intensity, which form an occupational health risk, assessed by hygienic criteria in categories from small (class 3.1) to high (class 3.3). The first ranking places in the nosological structure of accumulated chronic non-infectious morbidity of workers were occupied by dorsalgia (24.23%), essential (primary) arterial hypertension (14.67%), obesity (9.9%) and presbyopia (8.87%). Positive associations of weak age strength with arterial hypertension, obesity, and presbyopia were revealed (Rxy=0.280, Rxy=0.121, Rxy=0.133, respectively). Work experience had a weak positive relationship with the prevalence of presbyopia (Rxy=0.239). A causal relationship was established between a moderate degree of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (dorsalgia, the severity of the labour process (RR=1.893; EF=47.183%; CI=1.192–3.007), a relationship between a small degree of diseases of the eye and its adnexa with exposure acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate (RR=1.46; EF=31.522%; CI=1.970–1.082), which made it possible to attribute these pathologies to work-related diseases. \u0000Limitations determined by the study of the subject of research in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers of one enterprise. \u0000Conclusion. Despite the modernization that has taken place in the chemical industry, working conditions in the modern production of PAN fibers continue to be harmful, presenting an occupational risk for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in workers, which determines the relevance of developing evidence-based measures for their prevention.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44108310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-495-501
P. Shur, D. V. Suvorov, S. Zelenkin, D. N. Lir
Introduction. Declining volumes of meat production are associated, among other things, with fight against global warming. This unavoidably stimulates the scientific community to look for alternative sources of protein. However, novel foods can pose a potential health threat for consumers. The aim was to search for data on a potential threat for human health posed by consuming the most widely spread novel foods. Materials and methods. To achieve that, we accomplished a systematic review of relevant information sources using PRISMA recommendations on how to perform a systemic review of research articles. Overall, we analyzed more than two thousand sources to identify their relevance to the aim of this study; ultimately 64 sources were selected for analysis. Results. Within this review, three groups of novel foods of animal origin were identified and considered. They were the most frequently mentioned in studies investigating potential health hazards for humans. We analyzed these potential hazards caused by consuming novel foods; it was established that attention should be paid to probable changes in biological values of protein in a novel food, undeclared or unintended chemicals in it, and hyper-reactivity of the human immune system. Besides, when insect or GM-animal proteins are used as food raw materials, a probability of pathogenic microorganisms in them should not be neglected. A distinctive feature of foods manufactured from GM-animals is estimation of a potential hazard associated with probable transfer of changed genes to the opportunistic gut microflora. Limitations. The study addressing potential health hazards posed by consumption of new foods considered only ‘new food products’ of animal origin. Conclusion. The systemic review of relevant information sources was aimed to identify potential health hazards posed by consumption of novel food of animal origin and allowed fulfilling hazard identification as the first stage in health risk assessment.
{"title":"Identification of potential hazard of consumption of novel products to public health (systematic review)","authors":"P. Shur, D. V. Suvorov, S. Zelenkin, D. N. Lir","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-495-501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-495-501","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Declining volumes of meat production are associated, among other things, with fight against global warming. This unavoidably stimulates the scientific community to look for alternative sources of protein. However, novel foods can pose a potential health threat for consumers. \u0000The aim was to search for data on a potential threat for human health posed by consuming the most widely spread novel foods. \u0000Materials and methods. To achieve that, we accomplished a systematic review of relevant information sources using PRISMA recommendations on how to perform a systemic review of research articles. Overall, we analyzed more than two thousand sources to identify their relevance to the aim of this study; ultimately 64 sources were selected for analysis. \u0000Results. Within this review, three groups of novel foods of animal origin were identified and considered. They were the most frequently mentioned in studies investigating potential health hazards for humans. We analyzed these potential hazards caused by consuming novel foods; it was established that attention should be paid to probable changes in biological values of protein in a novel food, undeclared or unintended chemicals in it, and hyper-reactivity of the human immune system. Besides, when insect or GM-animal proteins are used as food raw materials, a probability of pathogenic microorganisms in them should not be neglected. A distinctive feature of foods manufactured from GM-animals is estimation of a potential hazard associated with probable transfer of changed genes to the opportunistic gut microflora. \u0000Limitations. The study addressing potential health hazards posed by consumption of new foods considered only ‘new food products’ of animal origin. \u0000Conclusion. The systemic review of relevant information sources was aimed to identify potential health hazards posed by consumption of novel food of animal origin and allowed fulfilling hazard identification as the first stage in health risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41560310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-482-487
O. Dolgikh, N. Nikonoshina
Introduction. The study of genetically determined cell death features in children under the conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene is relevant in the identification of immunological and genetic markers of technogenic chemical factor exposure. Materials and methods. Five hundred sixty nine preschool children were examined. Observation group included 384 children living under the conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. Comparison group consisted of 185 children living in a relatively clean area. Determination of the content of benzo(a)pyrene in atmospheric air and in blood was carried out by HPLC. Determination of Annexin-FITC+7AAD–, Annexin-FITC+7AAD+, Bax, Bcl-2, CD95+-, p53, TNFR was made by flow cytofluorometry. The study of FAS (rs1159120) and TP53 (rs1042522) gene polymorphism was performed by real-time PCR. Results. The aerogenic benzo(a)pyrene exposure (7.4 MPCad) at a dose of 0.000163 mg/(kg · day) causes an increase in the level of contamination in children blood relative to the comparison group and the reference level (p<0.05). Changes in the immune profile of the examined contingent (increased content of apoptosis markers – Annexin-FITC+7AAD–-cells, CD3+CD95+-lymphocytes, p53, TNFR against the background of compensatory anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 hyperproduction) are associated with the C-allele (OR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.02–1.88, p<0.05); and CC-genotype (OR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.72–3.72, p<0.05) of FAS gene (rs1159120), and the C-allele (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.53–2.53, p<0.05) and CC-genotype (OR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.72–3.72, p<0.05) of t TP53 gene (rs1042522). Limitations. There are no restrictions on conducting research related to the possibility of using the selected methods and the characteristics of the objects of research. Conclusion. Changes in the immune profile associated with blood contamination with benzo(a)pyrene (excess of AnnexinV-FITC+7AAD– and CD3+CD95+-lymphocytes, p53, TNFR, Bcl-2 cells) are associated with the C-allele (OR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.02–1.88, p<0.05); and CC-genotype (OR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.72–3.72, p<0.05) of FAS gene (rs1159120), and C-allele (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.53–2.53, p<0.05) and CC-genotype (OR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.72–3.72, p<0.05) of t TP53 gene (rs1042522) form the risks of programmed cell death violations in children living under the conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, when it is entered the body at a dose of more than 0.000163 mg/(kg · day).
{"title":"Aerogenic exposure of benzo(a)pyrene in children as the modification factor of genetically determined cell death","authors":"O. Dolgikh, N. Nikonoshina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-482-487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-482-487","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of genetically determined cell death features in children under the conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene is relevant in the identification of immunological and genetic markers of technogenic chemical factor exposure. \u0000Materials and methods. Five hundred sixty nine preschool children were examined. Observation group included 384 children living under the conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. Comparison group consisted of 185 children living in a relatively clean area. Determination of the content of benzo(a)pyrene in atmospheric air and in blood was carried out by HPLC. Determination of Annexin-FITC+7AAD–, Annexin-FITC+7AAD+, Bax, Bcl-2, CD95+-, p53, \u0000TNFR was made by flow cytofluorometry. The study of FAS (rs1159120) and TP53 (rs1042522) gene polymorphism was performed by real-time PCR. \u0000Results. The aerogenic benzo(a)pyrene exposure (7.4 MPCad) at a dose of 0.000163 mg/(kg · day) causes an increase in the level of contamination in children blood relative to the comparison group and the reference level (p<0.05). Changes in the immune profile of the examined contingent (increased content of apoptosis markers – \u0000Annexin-FITC+7AAD–-cells, CD3+CD95+-lymphocytes, p53, TNFR against the background of compensatory anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 hyperproduction) \u0000are associated with the C-allele (OR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.02–1.88, p<0.05); and CC-genotype (OR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.72–3.72, p<0.05) of FAS gene (rs1159120), and the C-allele (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.53–2.53, p<0.05) and CC-genotype (OR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.72–3.72, p<0.05) of t TP53 gene (rs1042522). \u0000Limitations. There are no restrictions on conducting research related to the possibility of using the selected methods and the characteristics of the objects of research. \u0000Conclusion. Changes in the immune profile associated with blood contamination with benzo(a)pyrene (excess of AnnexinV-FITC+7AAD– and CD3+CD95+-lymphocytes, p53, TNFR, Bcl-2 cells) are associated with the C-allele (OR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.02–1.88, p<0.05); and CC-genotype (OR=2.53; \u000095% CI: 1.72–3.72, p<0.05) of FAS gene (rs1159120), and C-allele (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.53–2.53, p<0.05) and CC-genotype (OR=2.53; \u000095% CI: 1.72–3.72, p<0.05) of t TP53 gene (rs1042522) form the risks of programmed cell death violations in children living under the conditions of aerogenic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, when it is entered the body at a dose of more than 0.000163 mg/(kg · day).","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49481588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-488-494
A. Shcherbakov, M. A. Savinkov, A. E. Nosov, O. Ustinova
Introduction. The problem of diseases of the respiratory system in children in regions with technogenic atmospheric pollution by chemical agents is relevant. The aim of the study was to study the features of the formation of the pathology of the upper respiratory tract, their pathogenetic mechanisms, and causal relationships of clinical, instrumental, and immunological disorders with toxic load in children living under conditions of chronic exposure to phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons of the industrial origin. Materials and methods. one thousand one hundred fifty one 4–13 years children were examined, 883 people made up the observation group and lived in the territory with excess of hygienic standards in the air of phenol, formaldehyde, acrolein, o-xylene. The comparison group consisted of 268 children living in the territory of ecological well-being. The prevalence of pathology of the upper respiratory tract (URT), rhinomanometry, laboratory parameters were assessed, correlation-regression relationships of clinical and laboratory parameters and the concentration of chemicals in the blood were determined. Results. The study established for the first time the relationship between the concentration of chemical compounds in the blood, laboratory and instrumental indicators in children with URT pathology, living in the territory with excess levels of phenol, formaldehyde, acrolein. The total nasal airflow in the observation group was 10-15% lower than in the comparison group and inversely related to the blood concentration of acrolein, o-xylene, phenol, formaldehyde, and the content of IgG specific to phenol, myelopyroxidase, total number of lymphocytes, subpopulations of CD3+CD25+ and CD3+CD95+, integral index of proliferation and frequency of cells with apoptotic bodies and circular notches of the nucleus. Limitations. The results of the study can be extrapolated to 4-13 years children, boys and girls. The study did not include young children or adults. Conclusion. Characteristic features of the pathology of the upper respiratory tract associated with increased levels of acrolein, o-xylene, phenol and formaldehyde in the blood are a decrease in nasal airflow against the background of specific immune-dependent and non-specific inflammation. To reduce the incidence of URT in children, it is necessary to develop programs that include measures aimed at improving the quality of the environment, therapeutic and preventive measures that increase adaptive capacity.
{"title":"Diseases of the upper respiratory tract and their pathogenetic mechanisms in children living under conditions of chronic exposure to aldehydes and aromatic hydrocarbons","authors":"A. Shcherbakov, M. A. Savinkov, A. E. Nosov, O. Ustinova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-488-494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-488-494","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The problem of diseases of the respiratory system in children in regions with technogenic atmospheric pollution by chemical agents is relevant. \u0000The aim of the study was to study the features of the formation of the pathology of the upper respiratory tract, their pathogenetic mechanisms, and causal relationships of clinical, instrumental, and immunological disorders with toxic load in children living under conditions of chronic exposure to phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons of the industrial origin. \u0000Materials and methods. one thousand one hundred fifty one 4–13 years children were examined, 883 people made up the observation group and lived in the territory with excess of hygienic standards in the air of phenol, formaldehyde, acrolein, o-xylene. The comparison group consisted of 268 children living in the territory of ecological well-being. The prevalence of pathology of the upper respiratory tract (URT), rhinomanometry, laboratory parameters were assessed, correlation-regression relationships of clinical and laboratory parameters and the concentration of chemicals in the blood were determined. \u0000Results. The study established for the first time the relationship between the concentration of chemical compounds in the blood, laboratory and instrumental indicators in children with URT pathology, living in the territory with excess levels of phenol, formaldehyde, acrolein. The total nasal airflow in the observation group was 10-15% lower than in the comparison group and inversely related to the blood concentration of acrolein, o-xylene, phenol, formaldehyde, and the content of IgG specific to phenol, myelopyroxidase, total number of lymphocytes, subpopulations of CD3+CD25+ and CD3+CD95+, integral index of proliferation and frequency of cells with apoptotic bodies and circular notches of the nucleus. \u0000Limitations. The results of the study can be extrapolated to 4-13 years children, boys and girls. The study did not include young children or adults. \u0000Conclusion. Characteristic features of the pathology of the upper respiratory tract associated with increased levels of acrolein, o-xylene, phenol and formaldehyde in the blood are a decrease in nasal airflow against the background of specific immune-dependent and non-specific inflammation. To reduce the incidence of URT in children, it is necessary to develop programs that include measures aimed at improving the quality of the environment, therapeutic and preventive measures that increase adaptive capacity.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45127607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-4-402-406
L. G. Gorokhova, N. V. Kizichenko, M. S. Bugaeva, N. Mikhailova
Introduction. In modern medical practice, fluoxetine hydrochloride (prozac), referred to the group of highly effective antidepressants, is widely used for the treatment of mental disorders. In Russia, the domestic production of the drug with an economically feasible production technology has been managed. In the synthesis of fluoxetine, the most important stage is the preparation of the main intermediate – 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride. Data on the toxic effect of this substance on the body in the open press, including in the international database PubChem, are not available. The research aim was the study on the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride on the body of laboratory animals. Materials and methods. When studying the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride in experiments on rats, the modes of single inhalation and subacute intragastric methods of exposure were reproduced. The effect of the substance on the condition of animals was assessed by the results of peripheral blood studies, biochemical blood serum parameters, morphological changes in internal organs including liver, kidneys, heart, stomach, pancreas and thyroid glands. Integral parameters were also used. Results. The results of the examination of animals subjected to acute inhalation intoxication and subacute intragastric exposure showed the same type of the changes in the peripheral blood and biochemical profile. The intake of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride did not cause significant changes in the peripheral blood. The biochemical profile of the animals showed an increased activity of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase. In the blood serum of the primed rats, an increased content of total cholesterol, triglycerides and urea with a reduced content of protein and bilirubin was found. The impact of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride at the morphological level revealed vascular disorders in all internal organs and moderately severe fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys. In some parts of the liver, there was small-focus multi-lacular necrosis which covered groups of hepatocytes. Limitations. The investigation is limited to the study on the toxicological characteristics of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride. In accordance with the directive documents on the protection of experimental animals, the number of in vivo experiments is limited which is connected with the dangers of animals and with public ethical views on in vivo experiments. Conclusion. Different methods of intake of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride under the conditions of acute inhalation and subacute intragastric experiments lead to a number of disorders of the hepatobiliary system with a negative impact on the common health status of the body. As an additional preventive measure to minimize the risk of acute and chronic intoxication in industries where contact with the substance is possible, including those involved in the synthesis of
{"title":"Assessment of the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride on the body","authors":"L. G. Gorokhova, N. V. Kizichenko, M. S. Bugaeva, N. Mikhailova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-4-402-406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-4-402-406","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In modern medical practice, fluoxetine hydrochloride (prozac), referred to the group of highly effective antidepressants, is widely used for the treatment of mental disorders. In Russia, the domestic production of the drug with an economically feasible production technology has been managed. \u0000In the synthesis of fluoxetine, the most important stage is the preparation of the main intermediate – 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride. Data on the toxic effect of this substance on the body in the open press, including in the international database PubChem, are not available. \u0000The research aim was the study on the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride on the body of laboratory animals. \u0000Materials and methods. When studying the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride in experiments on rats, the modes of single inhalation and subacute intragastric methods of exposure were reproduced. The effect of the substance on the condition of animals was assessed by the results of peripheral blood studies, biochemical blood serum parameters, morphological changes in internal organs including liver, kidneys, heart, stomach, pancreas and thyroid glands. Integral parameters were also used. \u0000Results. The results of the examination of animals subjected to acute inhalation intoxication and subacute intragastric exposure showed the same type of the changes in the peripheral blood and biochemical profile. The intake of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride did not cause significant changes in the peripheral blood. The biochemical profile of the animals showed an increased activity of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase. In the blood serum of the primed rats, an increased content of total cholesterol, triglycerides and urea with a reduced content of protein and bilirubin was found. The impact of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride at the morphological level revealed vascular disorders in all internal organs and moderately severe fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys. In some parts of the liver, there was small-focus multi-lacular necrosis which covered groups of hepatocytes. \u0000Limitations. The investigation is limited to the study on the toxicological characteristics of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride. In accordance with the directive documents on the protection of experimental animals, the number of in vivo experiments is limited which is connected with the dangers of animals and with public ethical views on in vivo experiments. \u0000Conclusion. Different methods of intake of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride under the conditions of acute inhalation and subacute intragastric experiments lead to a number of disorders of the hepatobiliary system with a negative impact on the common health status of the body. As an additional preventive measure to minimize the risk of acute and chronic intoxication in industries where contact with the substance is possible, including those involved in the synthesis of","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43132024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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