Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-538-543
S. Perov, O. Belaya
Introduction. In the context of 5G system integration for general public, the change of electromagnetic field background is expected. The electromagnetic field background will change in spectral composition, spatial and temporal distribution, which affects the methodological approaches of instrumental control and hygienic assessment. Materials and methods. In the 5G pilot area the frequency-selective, code-selective and broadband measurements were carried out for the actual and possible electromagnetic field assessment from GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G/IMT-2020 base station at several points. Results. The research results have shown that the actual electromagnetic levels did not exceed 1.5 μW/cm2, the main part of actual (measured) level includes GSM and LTE base stations (1800 MHz). At some points, the main part of maximum possible electromagnetic field exposure did not exceed 8.5 μW/cm2 and created by the 5G/IMT-2020 traffic transmission beam from base station to the subscriber terminal. Limitations. The limitation of study is determined by the measurement conditions of 5G/IMT-2020 test operation modes in the pilot area, it is difficult to assess the actual EMF exposure from commercial networks user service. Conclusion. In the intensive progress of mobile communication, the frequency- and code-selective measuring instruments are necessary to improve approaches for instrumental control and evaluation for electromagnetic fields from various mobile communication, especially for 5G assessment.
{"title":"Electromagnetic environment created by mobile communication base stations in the 5G pilot area","authors":"S. Perov, O. Belaya","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-538-543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-538-543","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the context of 5G system integration for general public, the change of electromagnetic field background is expected. The electromagnetic field background will change in spectral composition, spatial and temporal distribution, which affects the methodological approaches of instrumental control and hygienic assessment. \u0000Materials and methods. In the 5G pilot area the frequency-selective, code-selective and broadband measurements were carried out for the actual and possible electromagnetic field assessment from GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G/IMT-2020 base station at several points. \u0000Results. The research results have shown that the actual electromagnetic levels did not exceed 1.5 μW/cm2, the main part of actual (measured) level includes GSM and LTE base stations (1800 MHz). At some points, the main part of maximum possible electromagnetic field exposure did not exceed 8.5 μW/cm2 and created by the 5G/IMT-2020 traffic transmission beam from base station to the subscriber terminal. \u0000Limitations. The limitation of study is determined by the measurement conditions of 5G/IMT-2020 test operation modes in the pilot area, it is difficult to assess the actual EMF exposure from commercial networks user service. \u0000Conclusion. In the intensive progress of mobile communication, the frequency- and code-selective measuring instruments are necessary to improve approaches for instrumental control and evaluation for electromagnetic fields from various mobile communication, especially for 5G assessment.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46451222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-466-473
A. Z. Fagamova, L. Karimova, V. Kaptsov, Z. F. Gimaeva, N. Muldasheva, I. V. Shapoval
Working environment psychosocial factors gain the increasing importance for occupational health so far. Based on literature, this review presents an analysis of available studies about relation between stress at the workplace and development or progression of both mental and somatic diseases. The Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, RSCI, CyberLeninka databases were used to prepare the review. The results of studies have shown pathogenesis and circumstances of the development of various occupational diseases (cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal systems, cancer of various locaion), which can be affected by occupational stress. Workplace stress also has a significant impact on the central nervous system, including sleep, various mental disorders. The number of people suffering from bad habits increases due to workplace stress as well. Furthermore, the main directions of preventive measures to reduce the level of industrial stress are given.
目前，工作环境、社会心理因素对职业健康的影响越来越重要。本文在文献基础上，对工作压力与身心疾病发展或进展之间关系的现有研究进行了分析。本文使用了Web of Science、Scopus、MedLine、RSCI、CyberLeninka等数据库。研究结果表明，各种职业病(心血管、神经、消化、呼吸、肌肉骨骼系统、各种部位的癌症)的发病机制和发展情况都可能受到职业压力的影响。工作压力对中枢神经系统也有重大影响，包括睡眠、各种精神障碍。由于工作压力，养成不良习惯的人数也在增加。并提出了降低工业压力水平的主要预防措施方向。
{"title":"Stress at the workplace as a trigger for mental disorders and somatic diseases (literature review)","authors":"A. Z. Fagamova, L. Karimova, V. Kaptsov, Z. F. Gimaeva, N. Muldasheva, I. V. Shapoval","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-466-473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-466-473","url":null,"abstract":"Working environment psychosocial factors gain the increasing importance for occupational health so far. Based on literature, this review presents an analysis of available studies about relation between stress at the workplace and development or progression of both mental and somatic diseases. The Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, RSCI, CyberLeninka databases were used to prepare the review. The results of studies have shown pathogenesis and circumstances of the development of various occupational diseases (cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal systems, cancer of various locaion), which can be affected by occupational stress. Workplace stress also has a significant impact on the central nervous system, including sleep, various mental disorders. \u0000The number of people suffering from bad habits increases due to workplace stress as well. Furthermore, the main directions of preventive measures to reduce the level of industrial stress are given.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42864176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-421-425
I. Alikina, O. Dolgikh
Introduction. The immune system plays the key role in the formation of adaptive responses and is the most sensitive to environmental exposures. An immune response under exposure to viruses or other factors is induced by toll-like receptors stimulating production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Simultaneous exposure to exogenous chemical pollutants in ambient air modifies the adaptation process. Materials and methods. An in vitro experiment was accomplished on samples of peripheral blood. The study focused on a mixed population of immune-competent cells (n=64 samples). Effects produced by exogenous factors (benz(a)pyrene, SARS-CoV-2) and managing elements (interleukin-1β, cortisol) were considered influencing factors. All the lymphocyte cultures were incubated for 72 hours; after that, the quantitative content of cytokines in the samples was determined by the ELISA tests. Results. The inhibition of cytokines was experimentally demonstrated when the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen was introduced into cell culture in combination with cortisol and an immunomodulator (IL-6, IL-10), and a significant decrease in the level of INF-gamma in samples with the addition of IL-1β was also noted. Benz(a)pyrene exerted a catalytic effect on the cytokine-producing function of immunocompetent cells with an increase in the production of IL-6 and IFN-gamma relative to spontaneous production. Suppression of cytokines (IL-6, IFN-gamma, and IL-10) was observed in samples containing vaccine antigens SARS-CoV-2, compared with the spontaneous level, which suggests the formation of possible mechanisms of post-vaccination complications. Limitations. The study has no limitations associated with the use of the selected methods or characteristics of the research objects. Conclusions. Experimental modelling in vitro made it possible to estimate the additive effects of the mixed action of benz(a)pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 (vaccine antigen) on protein molecules and hyperproduction of inflammatory modulators was evaluated. The study aimed to facilitate investigation of the examined mechanism and development of relevant programs for preventing risks of negative effects produced on health by chemical and biological factors.
{"title":"Features of the cytokine profile under its modification with technogenic factors in conditions of experiment in vitro (on the example of benz(a)pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen)","authors":"I. Alikina, O. Dolgikh","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-421-425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-421-425","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The immune system plays the key role in the formation of adaptive responses and is the most sensitive to environmental exposures. An immune response under exposure to viruses or other factors is induced by toll-like receptors stimulating production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Simultaneous exposure to exogenous chemical pollutants in ambient air modifies the adaptation process. \u0000Materials and methods. An in vitro experiment was accomplished on samples of peripheral blood. The study focused on a mixed population of immune-competent cells (n=64 samples). Effects produced by exogenous factors (benz(a)pyrene, SARS-CoV-2) and managing elements (interleukin-1β, cortisol) were considered influencing factors. All the lymphocyte cultures were incubated for 72 hours; after that, the quantitative content of cytokines in the samples was determined by the ELISA tests. \u0000Results. The inhibition of cytokines was experimentally demonstrated when the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen was introduced into cell culture in combination with cortisol and an immunomodulator (IL-6, IL-10), and a significant decrease in the level of INF-gamma in samples with the addition of IL-1β was also noted. Benz(a)pyrene exerted a catalytic effect on the cytokine-producing function of immunocompetent cells with an increase in the production of IL-6 and IFN-gamma relative to spontaneous production. Suppression of cytokines (IL-6, IFN-gamma, and IL-10) was observed in samples containing vaccine antigens SARS-CoV-2, compared with the spontaneous level, which suggests the formation of possible mechanisms of post-vaccination complications. \u0000Limitations. The study has no limitations associated with the use of the selected methods or characteristics of the research objects. \u0000Conclusions. Experimental modelling in vitro made it possible to estimate the additive effects of the mixed action of benz(a)pyrene and SARS-CoV-2 (vaccine antigen) on protein molecules and hyperproduction of inflammatory modulators was evaluated. The study aimed to facilitate investigation of the examined mechanism and development of relevant programs for preventing risks of negative effects produced on health by chemical and biological factors.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48263373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-502-508
M. Zemlyanova, N. Zaitseva, M. Stepankov
Introduction. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) are widely used in nanotechnologies employed in various branches including chemical, food, and medical industry and perfume and cosmetics production. This high demand for Al2O3 NPs, given the wide-scale development of nanoindustries, can, in its turn, lead to ambient air pollution that creates public health risks under long-term exposure to it. Given that, it seems relevant to perform profound investigation with its focus on pathogenetic features of toxic effects produced by these nanoparticles and comparatively analyze them with effects produced by a micro-sized chemical analog under inhalation exposure to introduce more effective prevention. Materials and methods. We examined chemical properties of Al2O3, nano- and microparticles (MPs) in an experiment on Wistar rats, comparatively analyzed the results and described pathogenetic features of toxic effects produced by the examined particles under multiple inhalation exposure. Results. The examined samples were a nanomaterial judging by such parameters as particle size, shape, surface area, and total pore volume. They differed substantially from their micro-sized analog. Exposure to Al2O3 NPs causes more pronounced changes in the behaviour of rats relative to MPs. Under exposure to Al2O3 NPs, aluminum concentrations were statistically significantly by 1.62–55.2 times higher in the lungs, liver, brain and blood. The concentration of the examined elements was by 1.55–7.65 times higher in these organs as compared to exposure to the micro-sized particles. Exposure to Al2O3 NPs induced changes in biochemical indicators of negative effects against the control (exposure to micro-sized particles). We established higher activity of ALT, AST, AP, LDH, and elevated levels of direct bilirubin, GABA, glutamine acid, and MDA against the same indicators in the control group. Pathomorphological changes were identified in the lungs, brain, heart, and liver under exposure to Al2O3 NPs whereas exposure to the micro-sized analog induced such changes only in the lungs. Exposure to NPs induced more apparent changes in tissue structures in many organs. Limitations. The study involved only multiple inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs and MPs in an experiment on Wistar rats. Conclusion. Al2O3 NPs are more toxic than their micro-sized chemical analog; this is evidenced by a greater number of organs where bioaccumulation occurs, more apparent pathomorphological changes and pathological functional disorders. The study results should be considered when developing hygienic recommendations aimed at preventing and minimizing negative effects produced by Al2O3 NPs on human health.
{"title":"Peculiarities of toxic effects produced by aluminum oxide nano- and microparticles under multiple inhalation exposure","authors":"M. Zemlyanova, N. Zaitseva, M. Stepankov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-502-508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-502-508","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) are widely used in nanotechnologies employed in various branches including chemical, food, and medical industry and perfume and cosmetics production. This high demand for Al2O3 NPs, given the wide-scale development of nanoindustries, can, in its turn, lead to ambient air pollution that creates public health risks under long-term exposure to it. Given that, it seems relevant to perform profound investigation with its focus on pathogenetic features of toxic effects produced by these nanoparticles and comparatively analyze them with effects produced by a micro-sized chemical analog under inhalation exposure to introduce more effective prevention. \u0000Materials and methods. We examined chemical properties of Al2O3, nano- and microparticles (MPs) in an experiment on Wistar rats, comparatively analyzed the results and described pathogenetic features of toxic effects produced by the examined particles under multiple inhalation exposure. \u0000Results. The examined samples were a nanomaterial judging by such parameters as particle size, shape, surface area, and total pore volume. They differed substantially from their micro-sized analog. Exposure to Al2O3 NPs causes more pronounced changes in the behaviour of rats relative to MPs. Under exposure to Al2O3 NPs, aluminum concentrations were statistically significantly by 1.62–55.2 times higher in the lungs, liver, brain and blood. The concentration of the examined elements was by 1.55–7.65 times higher in these organs as compared to exposure to the micro-sized particles. Exposure to Al2O3 NPs induced changes in biochemical indicators of negative effects against the control (exposure to micro-sized particles). We established higher activity of ALT, AST, AP, LDH, and elevated levels of direct bilirubin, GABA, glutamine acid, and MDA against the same indicators in the control group. Pathomorphological changes were identified in the lungs, brain, heart, and liver under exposure to Al2O3 NPs whereas exposure to the micro-sized analog induced such changes only in the lungs. Exposure to NPs induced more apparent changes in tissue structures in many organs. \u0000Limitations. The study involved only multiple inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs and MPs in an experiment on Wistar rats. \u0000Conclusion. Al2O3 NPs are more toxic than their micro-sized chemical analog; this is evidenced by a greater number of organs where bioaccumulation occurs, more apparent pathomorphological changes and pathological functional disorders. The study results should be considered when developing hygienic recommendations aimed at preventing and minimizing negative effects produced by Al2O3 NPs on human health.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-439-444
S. V. Raikova, S. Mazilov, Nataliia E. Komleva, N. S. Kuznetsov, E. V. Bobyleva
Introduction. Employees of the main occupations of metalworking production are exposed to a complex of harmful production and non-production factors contributing to the formation of bronchopulmonary pathology. The identification of priority factors leading to the development of diseases of the respiratory system is important in order to develop methods of effective prevention of bronchopulmonary diseases in employees of the metalworking industry. Materials and methods. As part of the cross-sectional study, the medical and social aspects and the health status of three hundred metalworking employees were studied. A hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labour process was carried out. The results of the study were statistically processed using the Statistica 10 software. Results. There was a discrepancy in the number of workers with an established diagnosis of bronchopulmonary disease and the number of workers complaining from the respiratory system and having physical and spirometric disorders. Workers were established to be exposed to a complex of harmful chemicals of hazard classes 1–4, having an irritating, carcinogenic, sharply directed mechanism of action on the human body (classes 2–3.2) and aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action (class 2). The harmful chemical factor affecting metalworking employees did not have a significant effect on the formation of functional disorders of the respiratory system. The priority risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology in metalworking employees is the use of tobacco smoking products. Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (metalworking employees) limitations. Conclusion. The priority risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology is the use of smoking tobacco products, and the impact of a harmful chemical factor that had an insignificant effect on the formation of functional disorders of the respiratory system of metalworking employees.
{"title":"Analysis of risk factors for the formation of functional disorders \u0000of the respiratory system in metalworking employees","authors":"S. V. Raikova, S. Mazilov, Nataliia E. Komleva, N. S. Kuznetsov, E. V. Bobyleva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-439-444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-439-444","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Employees of the main occupations of metalworking production are exposed to a complex of harmful production and non-production factors contributing to the formation of bronchopulmonary pathology. The identification of priority factors leading to the development of diseases of the respiratory system is important in order to develop methods of effective prevention of bronchopulmonary diseases in employees of the metalworking industry. \u0000Materials and methods. As part of the cross-sectional study, the medical and social aspects and the health status of three hundred metalworking employees were studied. A hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labour process was carried out. The results of the study were statistically processed using the Statistica 10 software. \u0000Results. There was a discrepancy in the number of workers with an established diagnosis of bronchopulmonary disease and the number of workers complaining from the respiratory system and having physical and spirometric disorders. Workers were established to be exposed to a complex of harmful chemicals of hazard classes 1–4, having an irritating, carcinogenic, sharply directed mechanism of action on the human body (classes 2–3.2) and aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action (class 2). The harmful chemical factor affecting metalworking employees did not have a significant effect on the formation of functional disorders of the respiratory system. The priority risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology in metalworking employees is the use of tobacco smoking products. \u0000Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (metalworking employees) limitations. \u0000Conclusion. The priority risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology is the use of smoking tobacco products, and the impact of a harmful chemical factor that had an insignificant effect on the formation of functional disorders of the respiratory system of metalworking employees.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43509675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-412-420
N. Zaitseva, D. Kiryanov, S. Kleyn, M. Tsinker, A. Andrishunas
Introduction. Ambient air pollution is a widespread and pressing issue. This necessitates the development of methods for estimating and predicting progression of pathologies on the base of evolutionary mathematical models. Adaptation of the theoretical model to practice requires identification and verification procedures in real conditions of contamination of inhaled air with dust particles of various compositions. The purpose of the work was to investigate regularities of distribution of dust particles with a different disperse, component and morphological structure in the human airways after inhalation from ambient air. The study involved performing a field experiment. Materials and methods. We accomplished several investigations in 3 zones with different levels and structures of ambient air pollution. Disperse, component, and morphological structures of particles occurring in ambient (inhaled), deposited in various sections of the human airways, in exhaled air and blood were examined by electronic microscopy. Results. Air quality in zones 1 and 2 did not comply with hygienic standards for suspended particles, PM10, PM2.5, metal compounds, etc. (up to 3.29 MPCm.s., 3.2 MPCav.s., 2.91 MPCav.y.) and formed increased hazard quotient for manganese, copper, nickel and their compounds, inorganic fluorides, suspended particles (up to 5.48 HQac, 3.42 HQch), respiratory and other hazard indices (up to 5.48 HIac, 8.59 HIch). The degree of sedimentation of small particles (PM2.5 or less) in different parts of the respiratory tract is uneven, they are able to penetrate into the lower airways and lungs of humans. More than 65% of all the particles deposited in the upper airways had a diameter bigger than 10 µm. PM2.5 accounted for more than 60 % in sputum in the lower airways and the share of PM1.5 reached 46.7 %. Particles smaller than 1.5 μm (90.5%) were predominantly recorded in blood biosubstrates, of which up to 88.1% of the particles had a sphericity of 0.9–1.0. Limitations. Limited degree of precision of location of the examined sections in the respiratory system. Conclusion. Common deposition regularities are mostly determined by sizes and morphology of dust particles. The component structure of inhaled air has practically no effects on regularities of particle deposition in various sections of the respiratory system; however, it can have substantial influence on types of pathologies progressing in the body. High shares of PM1.5 identified in inhaled air, the lower airways and blood require considering levels of PM1.5 and smaller particles in ambient air in settlements to be covered by hygienic standards. In future, the study results will be used in numeric modelling of accumulation of functional respiratory disorders and associated pathologies of other organs and systems and in predicting development of pathologies based on evolution mathematical models.
{"title":"Distribution of micro-sized range solid particles in the human airways: field experiment","authors":"N. Zaitseva, D. Kiryanov, S. Kleyn, M. Tsinker, A. Andrishunas","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-412-420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-412-420","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ambient air pollution is a widespread and pressing issue. This necessitates the development of methods for estimating and predicting progression of pathologies on the base of evolutionary mathematical models. Adaptation of the theoretical model to practice requires identification and verification procedures in real conditions of contamination of inhaled air with dust particles of various compositions. \u0000The purpose of the work was to investigate regularities of distribution of dust particles with a different disperse, component and morphological structure in the human airways after inhalation from ambient air. The study involved performing a field experiment. \u0000Materials and methods. We accomplished several investigations in 3 zones with different levels and structures of ambient air pollution. Disperse, component, and morphological structures of particles occurring in ambient (inhaled), deposited in various sections of the human airways, in exhaled air and blood were examined by electronic microscopy. \u0000Results. Air quality in zones 1 and 2 did not comply with hygienic standards for suspended particles, PM10, PM2.5, metal compounds, etc. (up to 3.29 MPCm.s., 3.2 MPCav.s., 2.91 MPCav.y.) and formed increased hazard quotient for manganese, copper, nickel and their compounds, inorganic fluorides, suspended particles (up to 5.48 HQac, 3.42 HQch), respiratory and other hazard indices (up to 5.48 HIac, 8.59 HIch). The degree of sedimentation of small particles (PM2.5 or less) in different parts of the respiratory tract is uneven, they are able to penetrate into the lower airways and lungs of humans. More than 65% of all the particles deposited in the upper airways had a diameter bigger than 10 µm. PM2.5 accounted for more than 60 % in sputum in the lower airways and the share of PM1.5 reached 46.7 %. Particles smaller than 1.5 μm (90.5%) were predominantly recorded in blood biosubstrates, of which up to 88.1% of the particles had a sphericity of 0.9–1.0. \u0000Limitations. Limited degree of precision of location of the examined sections in the respiratory system. \u0000Conclusion. Common deposition regularities are mostly determined by sizes and morphology of dust particles. The component structure of inhaled air has practically no effects on regularities of particle deposition in various sections of the respiratory system; however, it can have substantial influence on types of pathologies progressing in the body. High shares of PM1.5 identified in inhaled air, the lower airways and blood require considering levels of PM1.5 and smaller particles in ambient air in settlements to be covered by hygienic standards. In future, the study results will be used in numeric modelling of accumulation of functional respiratory disorders and associated pathologies of other organs and systems and in predicting development of pathologies based on evolution mathematical models.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44052161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-426-432
N. Lebedeva-Nesevrya, Anastasiia О. Barg, Mariia D. Kornilitsyna
Introduction. People’s satisfaction with ambient air quality is a significant indicator to estimate effectiveness of activities performed by authorities when they aim to provide sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing. Still, it is hardly ever used in management practices in Russia. Methods for estimating satisfaction are multiple, rather controversial, and this might be the reason for neglecting the indicator. The aim of this study to substantiate and test the methodology for estimating people’s satisfaction with ambient air quality on a territory included into the ‘Clean Air’ Federal project. Materials and methods. The empirical base was provided by the results of an online survey accomplished in a large industrial city in Russia. The total sample included five hundred five people. The applied method was quota sampling as per age and gender. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inductive statistics. Results. People’s satisfaction with ambient air quality was measured with an integral index that considered its multidimensional essence. It turned out to be rather low. Indirect indicators of satisfaction that usually describe subjective perception of ambient air quality and its specific components cannot always provide an adequate base for making any conclusions about levels of people’s satisfaction. Limitations. The study has certain limitation associated with a territory where it has been accomplished; this territory has high anthropogenic burdens on the environment. Conclusion. The integral index of people’s satisfaction with ambient air quality has good descriptive capability and can be used to monitor subjective indicators of people’s quality of life.
{"title":"Assessment of estimating people’s satisfaction with ambient air quality in a city participating in the ‘Clean air’ Federal project","authors":"N. Lebedeva-Nesevrya, Anastasiia О. Barg, Mariia D. Kornilitsyna","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-426-432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-426-432","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. People’s satisfaction with ambient air quality is a significant indicator to estimate effectiveness of activities performed by authorities when they aim to provide sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing. Still, it is hardly ever used in management practices in Russia. Methods for estimating satisfaction are multiple, rather controversial, and this might be the reason for neglecting the indicator. \u0000The aim of this study to substantiate and test the methodology for estimating people’s satisfaction with ambient air quality on a territory included into the ‘Clean Air’ Federal project. \u0000Materials and methods. The empirical base was provided by the results of an online survey accomplished in a large industrial city in Russia. The total sample included five hundred five people. The applied method was quota sampling as per age and gender. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inductive statistics. \u0000Results. People’s satisfaction with ambient air quality was measured with an integral index that considered its multidimensional essence. It turned out to be rather low. Indirect indicators of satisfaction that usually describe subjective perception of ambient air quality and its specific components cannot always provide an adequate base for making any conclusions about levels of people’s satisfaction. \u0000Limitations. The study has certain limitation associated with a territory where it has been accomplished; this territory has high anthropogenic burdens on the environment. \u0000Conclusion. The integral index of people’s satisfaction with ambient air quality has good descriptive capability and can be used to monitor subjective indicators of people’s quality of life.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45432976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-452-456
A. D. Trubetskov, M.N. Makhonko, Nataliia V. Shkrobova, T. Shelekhova, Darya A. Chuslyaeva
The analysis of the data of foreign and domestic literature devoted to the main risk factors for health is carried out and presented, the diseases of medical workers of modern dental practice that are more common at present are studied and described. A distinctive feature of the work of practicing dentists is the influence on their body of a complex of unfavourable factors of the production environment of occupational and non-occupational genesis (biological, chemical, physical and factors of the labour process). It is also common for them to be affected by the intensity of the labour process, which is expressed by significant psycho-emotional stress. Dentists are often at high risk of infection and transmission of dangerous pathogens: viruses (herpes, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, including new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)), bacteria (staphylococcus, tuberculosis), fungi. They have a high prevalence of injuries to the visual organ and upper extremities, allergic reactions. Among dental personnel in countries using amalgam during work, changes in neuropsychiatric reactions, memory loss, and fatigue are described; changes in biochemical parameters of blood, urine analysis are revealed. Physiological and ergonomic loads of dental service specialists and uncomfortable postures associated with work lead to the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the appearance of pain, and affect their quality of life. Despite the harmlessness of the noise level in modern dentistry, the sounds produced by devices at work affect the mental health of dentists. Dental professionals with long work experience are predisposed to the highest risk of hearing loss. Today, dentists continue to show carpal tunnel syndrome and rarely vibration disease from exposure to local vibration. Medical workers of modern dental practice are shown to be affected by a complex of unfavourable factors of the low-intensity production environment and develop diseases associated with their occupational activities.
{"title":"Risk factors for health in medical workers of modern dental practice (literature review)","authors":"A. D. Trubetskov, M.N. Makhonko, Nataliia V. Shkrobova, T. Shelekhova, Darya A. Chuslyaeva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-452-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-452-456","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the data of foreign and domestic literature devoted to the main risk factors for health is carried out and presented, the diseases of medical workers of modern dental practice that are more common at present are studied and described. A distinctive feature of the work of practicing dentists is the influence on their body of a complex of unfavourable factors of the production environment of occupational and non-occupational genesis (biological, chemical, physical and factors of the labour process). It is also common for them to be affected by the intensity of the labour process, which is expressed by significant psycho-emotional stress. Dentists are often at high risk of infection and transmission of dangerous pathogens: viruses (herpes, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, including new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)), bacteria (staphylococcus, tuberculosis), fungi. They have a high prevalence of injuries to the visual organ and upper extremities, allergic reactions. Among dental personnel in countries using amalgam during work, changes in neuropsychiatric reactions, memory loss, and fatigue are described; changes in biochemical parameters of blood, urine analysis are revealed. Physiological and ergonomic loads of dental service specialists and uncomfortable postures associated with work lead to the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the appearance of pain, and affect their quality of life. Despite the harmlessness of the noise level in modern dentistry, the sounds produced by devices at work affect the mental health of dentists. Dental professionals with long work experience are predisposed to the highest risk of hearing loss. Today, dentists continue to show carpal tunnel syndrome and rarely vibration disease from exposure to local vibration. Medical workers of modern dental practice are shown to be affected by a complex of unfavourable factors of the low-intensity production environment and develop diseases associated with their occupational activities.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41569201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-433-438
M. Zemlyanova, E. V. Peskova, J. V. Koldibekova, A. V. Nedoshitova, V. Ukhabov
Introduction. In recent years, the use of rare earth elements has been expanding in various innovative research and high-tech industries, which leads to an increase in the volume of their extraction and processing and makes it possible to develop a negative impact on the health of workers under conditions of long-term industrial exposure to rare earth elements with the air of the working area. The purpose of the work is to study and evaluate the deviations of the biochemical parameters of the lipid spectrum in workers, due to the chemical factors of the technological process of processing raw materials and production of rare metal products. Materials and methods. The study and evaluation of the content of rare earth elements in the blood of workers, the study of biochemical parameters, statistical analysis, modelling of cause-and-effect relationships were carried out. Results. Workers exposed to rare-earth elements with the air of the working area (100% of workplaces) showed increased concentrations of holmium, dysprosium, yttrium, neodymium, niobium and terbium in the blood from 1.5 to 2.5 times compared to similar indicators in workers who were not associated with technological process. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, VLDL and triglycerides in blood serum, a decrease in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma in workers relative to the physiological norm and similar indicators in the comparison group were established. A significant relationship of the identified deviations with an increased blood concentration of niobium, dysprosium and holmium has been proven. Limitations. The study took into account the aerogenic inhalation effect of rare earth elements on the health of workers involved in the processing of raw materials and production of rare metal products. Conclusion. Long-term inhalation exposure to rare earth elements contained in the air of the working area caused changes in biochemical parameters, reflecting the depletion of antioxidant defense resources, inducing disorders of lipid metabolism. The identified negative effects in workers can lead to pro-atherogenic vascular inflammation under conditions of continuing industrial exposure. The obtained results should be taken into account for the development of recommendations aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of the impact of the studied chemical factors of the labour process on the health of workers.
{"title":"Biochemical indicators of the lipid metabolism in workers involved in the processing of raw materials and production of rare metal products","authors":"M. Zemlyanova, E. V. Peskova, J. V. Koldibekova, A. V. Nedoshitova, V. Ukhabov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-433-438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-433-438","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In recent years, the use of rare earth elements has been expanding in various innovative research and high-tech industries, which leads to an increase in the volume of their extraction and processing and makes it possible to develop a negative impact on the health of workers under conditions of long-term industrial exposure to rare earth elements with the air of the working area. \u0000The purpose of the work is to study and evaluate the deviations of the biochemical parameters of the lipid spectrum in workers, due to the chemical factors of the technological process of processing raw materials and production of rare metal products. \u0000Materials and methods. The study and evaluation of the content of rare earth elements in the blood of workers, the study of biochemical parameters, statistical analysis, modelling of cause-and-effect relationships were carried out. \u0000Results. Workers exposed to rare-earth elements with the air of the working area (100% of workplaces) showed increased concentrations of holmium, dysprosium, yttrium, neodymium, niobium and terbium in the blood from 1.5 to 2.5 times compared to similar indicators in workers who were not associated with technological process. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, VLDL and triglycerides in blood serum, a decrease in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma in workers relative to the physiological norm and similar indicators in the comparison group were established. A significant relationship of the identified deviations with an increased blood concentration of niobium, dysprosium and holmium has been proven. \u0000Limitations. The study took into account the aerogenic inhalation effect of rare earth elements on the health of workers involved in the processing of raw materials and production of rare metal products. \u0000Conclusion. Long-term inhalation exposure to rare earth elements contained in the air of the working area caused changes in biochemical parameters, reflecting the depletion of antioxidant defense resources, inducing disorders of lipid metabolism. The identified negative effects in workers can lead to pro-atherogenic vascular inflammation under conditions of continuing industrial exposure. The obtained results should be taken into account for the development of recommendations aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of the impact of the studied chemical factors of the labour process on the health of workers.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-457-461
I.A. Bereza, A. M. Amromina, D. Shaikhova, Alexandr S. Shastin, V. Gazimova, S. G. Astakhova, M. Sutunkova
Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the population, their diagnosis and prevention are of great importance nowadays. Ferrous metallurgy workers are exposed to occupational risk factors, which, together with a genetic predisposition, can induce and affect progression of diseases of the circulatory system. The Ala16Val (rs4880) polymorphism influences the functioning of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, which catalyzes the first step in the removal of reactive oxygen species, and can be therefore associated with cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities. Our objective was to study the relationship between SOD2 gene Ala16Val polymorphism and blood pressure, body mass index, and biochemical blood test parameters (total cholesterol and glucose levels) in iron and steel production employees. Materials and methods. The study cohort included ninety eight 24 to 66 years (mean: 48.8 ± 8.3 years) male patients working in the converter shop of a metallurgical plant. Genomic DNA was isolated using the LumiPure kit (Lumiprobe, Russia) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for use. Genotyping was performed using a QuantStudioTM 3 real-time PCR system (ThermoFisher, USA) and a commercial SNP-Screen kit (Synthol, Russia). Results. The Val/Val genotype was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total blood cholesterol. Limitations. The study limitations include the lack of comprehensive data on working conditions in the sanitary and hygienic characteristics presented. There is no control group in the study, which does not allow assessing the contribution of occupational risk factors to the development of cardiovascular diseases in carriers of the Val/Val genotype. However, our sample can be considered representative, which allows applying the findings to assessing health risks for the adult working-age population involved in ferrous metals production with account for regional features. Conclusion. We assume that the Val/Val genotype is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the metallurgists due to the reduced antioxidant potential.
{"title":"Relationship of the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene Ala16Val polymorphism with risk factors for the cardiovascular disease in iron and steel production employees","authors":"I.A. Bereza, A. M. Amromina, D. Shaikhova, Alexandr S. Shastin, V. Gazimova, S. G. Astakhova, M. Sutunkova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-457-461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-5-457-461","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the population, their diagnosis and prevention are of great importance nowadays. Ferrous metallurgy workers are exposed to occupational risk factors, which, together with a genetic predisposition, can induce and affect progression of diseases of the circulatory system. The Ala16Val (rs4880) polymorphism influences the functioning of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, which catalyzes the first step in the removal of reactive oxygen species, and can be therefore associated with cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities. \u0000Our objective was to study the relationship between SOD2 gene Ala16Val polymorphism and blood pressure, body mass index, and biochemical blood test parameters (total cholesterol and glucose levels) in iron and steel production employees. \u0000Materials and methods. The study cohort included ninety eight 24 to 66 years (mean: 48.8 ± 8.3 years) male patients working in the converter shop of a metallurgical plant. Genomic DNA was isolated using the LumiPure kit (Lumiprobe, Russia) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for use. Genotyping was performed using a QuantStudioTM 3 real-time PCR system (ThermoFisher, USA) and a commercial SNP-Screen kit (Synthol, Russia). \u0000Results. The Val/Val genotype was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total blood cholesterol. \u0000Limitations. The study limitations include the lack of comprehensive data on working conditions in the sanitary and hygienic characteristics presented. There is no control group in the study, which does not allow assessing the contribution of occupational risk factors to the development of cardiovascular diseases in carriers of the Val/Val genotype. However, our sample can be considered representative, which allows applying the findings to assessing health risks for the adult working-age population involved in ferrous metals production with account for regional features. \u0000Conclusion. We assume that the Val/Val genotype is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the metallurgists due to the reduced antioxidant potential.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42785106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：