Levels of some heavy metals in soils around designated municipal solid waste dumpsite and a control site within Port Harcourt and its environs were determined. The soil samples were randomly collected and analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb. Levels from the waste dumpsite were higher than those from the control site. Soils around the waste dump were also contaminated as a result of continuous dispersion of heavy metals from the waste dump by run-off water, wind and scavengers. The difference in the mean concentrations of metals between the main dump and outside the dump were not significant (P>0.05) in the wet season but were found to be significant (P 0.05 Pb) while the seasonal variations in the concentrations of As, Cr, and Ni show signification difference (P KEY WORDS: Dumpsite, solid waste, soil, heavy metals Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 1-4
{"title":"Heavy Metal Contamination Of Soils Around Municipal Solid Wastes Dump In Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Jkt Ideriah, Otv Omuaru, U. P. Adiukwu","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2433","url":null,"abstract":"Levels of some heavy metals in soils around designated municipal solid waste dumpsite and a control site within Port Harcourt and its environs were determined. The soil samples were randomly collected and analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb. Levels from the waste dumpsite were higher than those from the control site. Soils around the waste dump were also contaminated as a result of continuous dispersion of heavy metals from the waste dump by run-off water, wind and scavengers. The difference in the mean concentrations of metals between the main dump and outside the dump were not significant (P>0.05) in the wet season but were found to be significant (P 0.05 Pb) while the seasonal variations in the concentrations of As, Cr, and Ni show signification difference (P KEY WORDS: Dumpsite, solid waste, soil, heavy metals Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 1-4","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81922145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A short term comparative ecological study of the use of two agro-forestry species, Leucaena leucocephala , Lam De. Wit and Bauhinia monandra , Kurz, in bioremediation of oil polluted environment was carried out, focusing on the evaluation and enhancing potential of the macrophytic species for degradation of hydrocarbon (crude oil) in the soil relative to their nodulation efficacy. Results show that L. leucocephala had nodules with levels ranging between 1.40 ± 1.40 to 11.60 ± 2.20 plant -1 and relative to various pollution levels and 15.10 ± 6.10 plant -1 in the control condition. Though L. leucocephala experienced pollution depression upon time lag in nodulation, the depression was directly proportional to the intensities of pollution. Bauhinia monandra had none at the end of the experiment both in the polluted and controlled conditions. Total hydrocarbon level following treatment of the soil by L. leucocephala and B. monadra has been deduced in relation to post-pollution concentration, disappearance and net % loss on such treated soil environment. A comparatively high value of 60% total loss of crude oil was indicated in L. leucocephala treated soil. This shows that natural biodegradation could be a major and ultimate mechanism for elimination of oil in terrestrial environment. The highest total % loss of crude oil was recorded in Leucaena leucocephala than Bauhinia monandra treated soil. Leucaena leucocephala showed an enhanced performance than Bauhinia monandra at the end of the study. Leucaena leucocephala was thus considered more ideal and more promising for remediation work than B.monandra . Keywords : Leucaena leucocephala, Bauhinia monandra , bioremediation, crude oil, nodulation Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 11-18
{"title":"Phytoremediation Innovative Technology (Series 2): A Short-term Comparative Analysis of Enhanced Biodegradation of Crude Oil in the Soil by Macrophytic Nodulation","authors":"N. Edwin-Wosu, Pds Kinako","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2435","url":null,"abstract":"A short term comparative ecological study of the use of two agro-forestry species, Leucaena leucocephala , Lam De. Wit and Bauhinia monandra , Kurz, in bioremediation of oil polluted environment was carried out, focusing on the evaluation and enhancing potential of the macrophytic species for degradation of hydrocarbon (crude oil) in the soil relative to their nodulation efficacy. Results show that L. leucocephala had nodules with levels ranging between 1.40 ± 1.40 to 11.60 ± 2.20 plant -1 and relative to various pollution levels and 15.10 ± 6.10 plant -1 in the control condition. Though L. leucocephala experienced pollution depression upon time lag in nodulation, the depression was directly proportional to the intensities of pollution. Bauhinia monandra had none at the end of the experiment both in the polluted and controlled conditions. Total hydrocarbon level following treatment of the soil by L. leucocephala and B. monadra has been deduced in relation to post-pollution concentration, disappearance and net % loss on such treated soil environment. A comparatively high value of 60% total loss of crude oil was indicated in L. leucocephala treated soil. This shows that natural biodegradation could be a major and ultimate mechanism for elimination of oil in terrestrial environment. The highest total % loss of crude oil was recorded in Leucaena leucocephala than Bauhinia monandra treated soil. Leucaena leucocephala showed an enhanced performance than Bauhinia monandra at the end of the study. Leucaena leucocephala was thus considered more ideal and more promising for remediation work than B.monandra . Keywords : Leucaena leucocephala, Bauhinia monandra , bioremediation, crude oil, nodulation Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 11-18","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80859103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the reports on the utilization of sawdust stove as a way of ameliorating the effect of perennial fuel crisis in Nigeria on domestic cooking and a means of reducing deforestation and subsequent desertification. The performance of the sawdust stove, in terms of cooking duration and specific fuel consumption, was compared with a conventional kerosene stove. Results obtained show that it takes less time and fuel material to cook with the sawdust stove than the kerosene stove. KEY WORDS: sawdust stove, alternative energy source, domestic cooking, deforestation. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 73-76
{"title":"The Use Of Sawdust As An Alternative Source Of Energy For Domestic Cooking And As A Means Of Reducing Deforestation","authors":"Bukola Olalekan Bolaji","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2444","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the reports on the utilization of sawdust stove as a way of ameliorating the effect of perennial fuel crisis in Nigeria on domestic cooking and a means of reducing deforestation and subsequent desertification. The performance of the sawdust stove, in terms of cooking duration and specific fuel consumption, was compared with a conventional kerosene stove. Results obtained show that it takes less time and fuel material to cook with the sawdust stove than the kerosene stove. KEY WORDS: sawdust stove, alternative energy source, domestic cooking, deforestation. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 73-76","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper reports on the results of an investigation into the physical and strength characteristics of concrete (norminal mixes), which contains crushed palm-kernel shell as fine aggregates instead of normal river sand. 66 No beams of 100mm x 100mm x 500mm sizes and 396 No 100mm cubes as well were tested with varying mix ratio, palm-kernel/normal sand ratio and curing periods. The percentage content of palm-kernel shell in the aggregate varied from 0 to 100% in steps of 10%. The result of the investigation with mix 2:3:6 at 28 days gives 33N/mm 2 at 10% palm-kernel and 16N/mm 2 at 100% palm-kernel shell content, indicating that strength decreased with increase in palm-kernel content. Also, the strength characteristics of 100% palm-kernel shell concrete are found to be 16N/mm 2 , 7N/mm 2 , and 6N/mm 2 for 2:3:6, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 mixes respectively implying that palm-kernel shell may be considered wholly or as partial replacement of river sand in concrete for non-load-bearing structural elements. KEY WORDS: Slump, density. Gradation, compression, and flexure. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 87-91
{"title":"Palm-Kernel Shell Concrete For Structural Use – A Preliminary Investigation","authors":"N. Sulymon","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2446","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports on the results of an investigation into the physical and strength characteristics of concrete (norminal mixes), which contains crushed palm-kernel shell as fine aggregates instead of normal river sand. 66 No beams of 100mm x 100mm x 500mm sizes and 396 No 100mm cubes as well were tested with varying mix ratio, palm-kernel/normal sand ratio and curing periods. The percentage content of palm-kernel shell in the aggregate varied from 0 to 100% in steps of 10%. The result of the investigation with mix 2:3:6 at 28 days gives 33N/mm 2 at 10% palm-kernel and 16N/mm 2 at 100% palm-kernel shell content, indicating that strength decreased with increase in palm-kernel content. Also, the strength characteristics of 100% palm-kernel shell concrete are found to be 16N/mm 2 , 7N/mm 2 , and 6N/mm 2 for 2:3:6, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 mixes respectively implying that palm-kernel shell may be considered wholly or as partial replacement of river sand in concrete for non-load-bearing structural elements. KEY WORDS: Slump, density. Gradation, compression, and flexure. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 87-91","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75266032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The toxicity of five azo dyes (toxicants) on Nitrobacter was investigated. The index for toxicity was inhibition of rate of nitrite-N utilization. The rate of nitrite-N utilization decreased with increase in concentration of each toxicant at specific exposure time. However, stimulation of utilization was obtained at low concentrations and short exposure time for two of the dyes. This was attributed to hyperactivity. The median effective concentration 50 (EC 50 ) values increased with increase in exposure time for each toxicant. This was attributed to acclimatization and/or detoxification. Inhibition was attributed to any/or all of the following factors: molecular size, impurities in the toxicants and dye content. KEY WORDS: Toxicity, Azo dyes, Nitrobacter, hyperactivity, acclimatization Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 47-51
{"title":"Toxic Effect Of Azo Dyes On Nitrite-N Utilization By Nitrobacter","authors":"C. Ogugbue, N. Oranusi","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2440","url":null,"abstract":"The toxicity of five azo dyes (toxicants) on Nitrobacter was investigated. The index for toxicity was inhibition of rate of nitrite-N utilization. The rate of nitrite-N utilization decreased with increase in concentration of each toxicant at specific exposure time. However, stimulation of utilization was obtained at low concentrations and short exposure time for two of the dyes. This was attributed to hyperactivity. The median effective concentration 50 (EC 50 ) values increased with increase in exposure time for each toxicant. This was attributed to acclimatization and/or detoxification. Inhibition was attributed to any/or all of the following factors: molecular size, impurities in the toxicants and dye content. KEY WORDS: Toxicity, Azo dyes, Nitrobacter, hyperactivity, acclimatization Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 47-51","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88234285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sum of individual PCBs congeners in surface water and sediment samples from Warri River system, a coastal river of Niger Delta, Nigeria were measured between March and June 2003. Specific individual PCBs analysis was by HPGC series 6890. Mean concentrations of ΣPCBs in surface water samples ranged from 0.35 μg l -l (Tori Creek) to 1.30 μg l -l (Crawford Creek). Sediment samples had higher levels ranging from 2.00 ng g -l (Tori Creek) to 7.00 ng g -l (Crawford Creek). Null hypothesis of normality was rejected at p>0.05 indicating significant difference between the matrices. Concentrations of PCB were compared with ecotoxicological benchmarks and regulatory guidelines to determine potential concern for effects on aquatic life and human health. Measured mean concentrations in surface water and sediments samples from Crawford creek station indicated concern for environmental and public health because of their exceedence of the US EPA PCB limit for drinking water (0.0005μgl -l ) and water quality criteria for chronic exposure (79pgl -l ) through drinking water and fish ingestion. KEY WORDS: PCBs, Water, Sediment, Hazard, Warri River. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 65-71
本研究于2003年3月至6月期间测量了尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲沿海河流Warri河水系地表水和沉积物样本中各多氯联苯同系物的总和。具体个体多氯联苯分析采用HPGC系列6890。地表水样品中ΣPCBs的平均浓度从0.35 μg l -l (Tori Creek)到1.30 μg l -l (Crawford Creek)不等。沉积物样品的含量较高，从2.00 ng g -l (Tori Creek)到7.00 ng g -l (Crawford Creek)。正态性的零假设被拒绝，p>0.05，表明矩阵之间存在显著差异。将多氯联苯浓度与生态毒理学基准和监管准则进行比较，以确定对水生生物和人类健康的潜在影响。克劳福德溪站地表水和沉积物样品中测得的平均浓度显示出对环境和公众健康的担忧，因为它们超过了美国环保署饮用水中多氯联苯的限值(0.0005μgl -l)和通过饮用水和鱼类摄入慢性接触的水质标准(79 μgl -l)。关键词:多氯联苯，水，沉积物，危害，瓦日河环境科学，Vol.4(1)， 2005: 65-71
{"title":"Levels Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Residues In Warri River, Nigeria","authors":"L. Ezemonye","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2443","url":null,"abstract":"Sum of individual PCBs congeners in surface water and sediment samples from Warri River system, a coastal river of Niger Delta, Nigeria were measured between March and June 2003. Specific individual PCBs analysis was by HPGC series 6890. Mean concentrations of ΣPCBs in surface water samples ranged from 0.35 μg l -l (Tori Creek) to 1.30 μg l -l (Crawford Creek). Sediment samples had higher levels ranging from 2.00 ng g -l (Tori Creek) to 7.00 ng g -l (Crawford Creek). Null hypothesis of normality was rejected at p>0.05 indicating significant difference between the matrices. Concentrations of PCB were compared with ecotoxicological benchmarks and regulatory guidelines to determine potential concern for effects on aquatic life and human health. Measured mean concentrations in surface water and sediments samples from Crawford creek station indicated concern for environmental and public health because of their exceedence of the US EPA PCB limit for drinking water (0.0005μgl -l ) and water quality criteria for chronic exposure (79pgl -l ) through drinking water and fish ingestion. KEY WORDS: PCBs, Water, Sediment, Hazard, Warri River. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 65-71","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90237561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research on inventory of some gully erosion sites in central Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria was carried out in 2002. The objectives of the research were to identify spectacular gullies in the area (Yakkur, Obubra and Ikom Local Government Areas); determine the dimensions, causes and the land use affected. Gullies identified in Yakurr were located at Njelekoko, Ugbekuma, Ajere and Lekpankom. In Obubra area they were at Ofukpa and Etapeh, while in Ikom they were located at Water Board road, Cameroon street and Abakpa. The gullies identified were caused by run off, uncontrolled overland flow, steep slope and faulty construction. Main land use affected were settlement/residential buildings. KEY WORDS: Gully erosion, uncontrolled run off, rain forest zone, land use, overland flow. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 93-95
{"title":"Inventory Of Some Gully Erosion Sites In Central Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"E. Oku, A. Essoka, G. Ita, P. Essoka","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2447","url":null,"abstract":"The research on inventory of some gully erosion sites in central Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria was carried out in 2002. The objectives of the research were to identify spectacular gullies in the area (Yakkur, Obubra and Ikom Local Government Areas); determine the dimensions, causes and the land use affected. \u0000Gullies identified in Yakurr were located at Njelekoko, Ugbekuma, Ajere and Lekpankom. In Obubra area they were at Ofukpa and Etapeh, while in Ikom they were located at Water Board road, Cameroon street and Abakpa. The gullies identified were caused by run off, uncontrolled overland flow, steep slope and faulty construction. Main land use affected were settlement/residential buildings. KEY WORDS: Gully erosion, uncontrolled run off, rain forest zone, land use, overland flow. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 93-95","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75203085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The environment where psychiatric patients are kept has been identified as an aid to their recovery attitudes. Based on the fact that the patients were being treated by qualified hands, an attempt is made to examine the significance of colour of the psychiatry ward environment as relating to the patients' rehabilitation in this paper. Number of patients admitted for psychiatric problem and those recovered (from the illness) and discharged in five psychiatric hospitals randomly selected from the western part of Nigeria were collected for a period five years (1995 – 2000). Among other things collected was the colour of the ward where the patients were kept for treatments. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 10.0). Results showed that out 3125 patients admitted 73.3% of them recovered, of which 26.3% came from green, 37.6% from blue, 5.1% from neutralized yellow and the remaining 4.3% from white colour. Furthermore, it was observed that 93.8% of the patients kept under green, 93.9% under blue, 29.1% under neutralized yellow and 30.1% under white colour recovered from the illness. There is association between the recovery attitudes of patients and the different colours (P-value When the colours were gouped in two, namely dull (green and blue) and bright (neutralized yellow and white), out of the 73.3% that recovered 63.9% came from dull and the remaining 9.4% from bright colour. In addition, we observed that 93.9% of the patients kept under dull and 29.5% under bright colour recovered from the illness. The association between recovery attitudes and the different colours is still evident (P-value Consequently, the dull colours have a better positive influence on the recovery attitudes of psychiatric patients. KEY WORDS: Psychiatric patients, Psychiatry ward environment, Colour therapy Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 53-57
{"title":"An Appraisal Of The Colour Of Hospital Wards On The Recovery Attitudes Of Psychiatric Patients","authors":"O. Ajayi, K. Ayinde, Amo Atolagbe","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V4I1.2441","url":null,"abstract":"The environment where psychiatric patients are kept has been identified as an aid to their recovery attitudes. Based on the fact that the patients were being treated by qualified hands, an attempt is made to examine the significance of colour of the psychiatry ward environment as relating to the patients' rehabilitation in this paper. Number of patients admitted for psychiatric problem and those recovered (from the illness) and discharged in five psychiatric hospitals randomly selected from the western part of Nigeria were collected for a period five years (1995 – 2000). Among other things collected was the colour of the ward where the patients were kept for treatments. \u0000The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 10.0). Results showed that out 3125 patients admitted 73.3% of them recovered, of which 26.3% came from green, 37.6% from blue, 5.1% from neutralized yellow and the remaining 4.3% from white colour. Furthermore, it was observed that 93.8% of the patients kept under green, 93.9% under blue, 29.1% under neutralized yellow and 30.1% under white colour recovered from the illness. There is association between the recovery attitudes of patients and the different colours (P-value \u0000When the colours were gouped in two, namely dull (green and blue) and bright (neutralized yellow and white), out of the 73.3% that recovered 63.9% came from dull and the remaining 9.4% from bright colour. In addition, we observed that 93.9% of the patients kept under dull and 29.5% under bright colour recovered from the illness. The association between recovery attitudes and the different colours is still evident (P-value \u0000Consequently, the dull colours have a better positive influence on the recovery attitudes of psychiatric patients. KEY WORDS: Psychiatric patients, Psychiatry ward environment, Colour therapy Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 53-57","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"141 1","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90835322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work evaluates the effect of some metals on a green alga Chlorella emersonii , under continuous and batch culture conditions with added metal and another, batch culture with no added metal but where organism had been exposed to metal for 18 hours prior to growth. It was found that Chlorella growth under continuous culture was reduced in the presence of silver at levels as low as 0.1 mg/l and ceased altogether at silver concentration of 1.0 mg/l. Under batch culture conditions no growth occurred with any of the silver concentrations tested. Chlorella that had been exposed to silver (1.0 mg/l) prior to cultivation without added metal showed growth. Above concentrations of 1.0 mg/l exposure there was no growth. Copper stimulated growth of Chlorella under continuous culture conditions up to levels of 0.5 mg/l but became severely toxic at levels of 1.0 mg/l and above. Under continuous culture conditions cadmium inhibited Chlorella growth at cadmium levels of 0.05 mg/l with no growth occurring at 0.5 mg/l. However under batch culture conditions Chlorella growth was not affected at levels below 1.0 mg/l. Chlorella that had been exposed to cadmium up to 20 mg/l. prior to cultivation without added metal showed growth This study indicates that for short periods some microorganisms can tolerate elevated levels of heavy metal contamination, although environment can be seriously affected if contamination persists over long periods. Key Words: Heavy metals, Chlorella, continuous culture, batch culture, environment. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.3(1&2) 2004: 21-26
{"title":"Effects Of Heavy Metals On Growing Cultures Of Chlorella emersonii","authors":"G. Arikpo, M. Eja","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V3I1.2423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V3I1.2423","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluates the effect of some metals on a green alga Chlorella emersonii , under continuous and batch culture conditions with added metal and another, batch culture with no added metal but where organism had been exposed to metal for 18 hours prior to growth. It was found that Chlorella growth under continuous culture was reduced in the presence of silver at levels as low as 0.1 mg/l and ceased altogether at silver concentration of 1.0 mg/l. Under batch culture conditions no growth occurred with any of the silver concentrations tested. Chlorella that had been exposed to silver (1.0 mg/l) prior to cultivation without added metal showed growth. Above concentrations of 1.0 mg/l exposure there was no growth. Copper stimulated growth of Chlorella under continuous culture conditions up to levels of 0.5 mg/l but became severely toxic at levels of 1.0 mg/l and above. Under continuous culture conditions cadmium inhibited Chlorella growth at cadmium levels of 0.05 mg/l with no growth occurring at 0.5 mg/l. However under batch culture conditions Chlorella growth was not affected at levels below 1.0 mg/l. Chlorella that had been exposed to cadmium up to 20 mg/l. prior to cultivation without added metal showed growth This study indicates that for short periods some microorganisms can tolerate elevated levels of heavy metal contamination, although environment can be seriously affected if contamination persists over long periods. Key Words: Heavy metals, Chlorella, continuous culture, batch culture, environment. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.3(1&2) 2004: 21-26","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85434845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of municipal solid waste on the levels of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in herbage and soil samples within Abuja municipality was studied. The flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used in the determination of the metals. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the herbage samples were 0.3 ± 0.1, 3.8 ± 1.2, 2.9 ± 0.8, 50.7 ± 14.3 and 34.7 ± 6.1 µg g -1 weight respectively. The concentrations of metal in the soil were higher than in the herbage samples and were in the order of Pb> Zn >> Cu > Ni> Cd. The concentrations of metal in the soil samples were higher than levels in normal farmlands. The levels of Cd and Pb in the soil samples were higher than levels in soil criteria of many countries suggesting that municipal wastes are contributing significantly to the metal concentrations in the herbage and soil samples. KEY WORDS: Solid waste, trace metals, environmental samples. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.3(1&2) 2004: 65-69
研究了城市固体废物对阿布贾市内牧草和土壤样品中镉、铜、镍、铅和锌含量的影响。采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定金属。牧草样品中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均浓度分别为0.3±0.1、3.8±1.2、2.9±0.8、50.7±14.3和34.7±6.1µg g -1 kg。土壤中金属含量高于牧草样品，Pb> Zn > Cu > Ni> Cd，重金属含量高于普通农田。土壤样品中的Cd和Pb含量高于许多国家土壤标准的水平，这表明城市垃圾是造成牧草和土壤样品中金属浓度的重要原因。关键词:固体废物，痕量金属，环境样品环境科学，Vol.3(1&2) 2004: 65-69
{"title":"Impact Of Municipal Solid Waste On Trace Metal Concentrations In Herbage And Soil Samples Of The Abuja Municipality","authors":"S. Kakulu, N. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V3I1.2431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V3I1.2431","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of municipal solid waste on the levels of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in herbage and soil samples within Abuja municipality was studied. The flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used in the determination of the metals. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the herbage samples were 0.3 ± 0.1, 3.8 ± 1.2, 2.9 ± 0.8, 50.7 ± 14.3 and 34.7 ± 6.1 µg g -1 weight respectively. The concentrations of metal in the soil were higher than in the herbage samples and were in the order of Pb> Zn >> Cu > Ni> Cd. The concentrations of metal in the soil samples were higher than levels in normal farmlands. The levels of Cd and Pb in the soil samples were higher than levels in soil criteria of many countries suggesting that municipal wastes are contributing significantly to the metal concentrations in the herbage and soil samples. KEY WORDS: Solid waste, trace metals, environmental samples. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.3(1&2) 2004: 65-69","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"175 1","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79753426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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