In this work, we report several approaches for the removal of SO/sub 2/ using nonthermal pulsed discharge plasma processing under absence of NH/sub 3/. The gas-phase reaction was found to be less attractive due to its high energy cost. The increase in temperature decreased the SO/sub 2/ removal rate, resulting in high energy cost. In case of the wet type plasma reactor, the discharge plasma greatly enhances the liquid phase oxidation of SO/sub 3//sup 2-/ to SO/sub 4//sup 2-/. The presence of TiO/sub 2/ catalyst increased the gas phase oxidation and the liquid phase oxidation as well.
{"title":"The influence of reaction conditions on SO/sub 2/ oxidation in a discharge plasma reactor","authors":"H. Kim, C. Wu, K. Takashima, A. Mizuno","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.805937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.805937","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we report several approaches for the removal of SO/sub 2/ using nonthermal pulsed discharge plasma processing under absence of NH/sub 3/. The gas-phase reaction was found to be less attractive due to its high energy cost. The increase in temperature decreased the SO/sub 2/ removal rate, resulting in high energy cost. In case of the wet type plasma reactor, the discharge plasma greatly enhances the liquid phase oxidation of SO/sub 3//sup 2-/ to SO/sub 4//sup 2-/. The presence of TiO/sub 2/ catalyst increased the gas phase oxidation and the liquid phase oxidation as well.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122014382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Wertz, S. Beineke, N. Frohleke, S. Bolognani, K. Unterkofler, M. Zigliotto, M. Zordan
The paper presents the more significant features of a computer-aided drive commissioning tool developed by the University of Padova (Italy) and the University of Paderborn (Germany) in the frame of a two-year European CRAFT project in collaboration with some European Companies. The final product of the Project is a software tool which permits the identification of the mechanical structure and the selection of commissioning of several speed and position controllers for two-mass systems with mechanical imperfections such as friction and backlash. The tool is thought to be of easy use for industry commissioning personnel, and thus is supported by a friendly graphical interface that guides also non expert personnel through the identification procedure and the selection and tuning of the controllers. This paper describes briefly the identification and control algorithms assessed for the computer-aided drive commissioning system.
{"title":"Computer aided commissioning of speed and position control for electrical drives with identification of mechanical load","authors":"H. Wertz, S. Beineke, N. Frohleke, S. Bolognani, K. Unterkofler, M. Zigliotto, M. Zordan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799174","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the more significant features of a computer-aided drive commissioning tool developed by the University of Padova (Italy) and the University of Paderborn (Germany) in the frame of a two-year European CRAFT project in collaboration with some European Companies. The final product of the Project is a software tool which permits the identification of the mechanical structure and the selection of commissioning of several speed and position controllers for two-mass systems with mechanical imperfections such as friction and backlash. The tool is thought to be of easy use for industry commissioning personnel, and thus is supported by a friendly graphical interface that guides also non expert personnel through the identification procedure and the selection and tuning of the controllers. This paper describes briefly the identification and control algorithms assessed for the computer-aided drive commissioning system.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115989308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The removal performance of dilute trichloroethylene (100-1,000 ppm TCE) contaminated in air by using nonthermal plasma processing combined with a catalyst is newly studied. Two catalysts are tested by comparing three different types of reactors. Catalysts tested were a few mm disc-like Cu-ZSM-5 (zeolite) and vanadium oxide pellets of a few mm (V/sub 2/O/sub 5//TiO/sub 2/). In order to separate TCE removals by the TCE absorption effect on the catalyst and the decomposition by the plasma processing with catalyst, TCE removal rate change with time was investigated. The relaxation time of absorption was from 6 to 80 minutes, which may be dependent on geometry and surface of the catalyst. Decomposition energy efficiency was estimated to realize the practical TCE remover.
{"title":"Decomposition of trichloroethylene by non-thermal plasma with catalyst","authors":"T. Oda, T. Takahashi, S. Kohzuma","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.805939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.805939","url":null,"abstract":"The removal performance of dilute trichloroethylene (100-1,000 ppm TCE) contaminated in air by using nonthermal plasma processing combined with a catalyst is newly studied. Two catalysts are tested by comparing three different types of reactors. Catalysts tested were a few mm disc-like Cu-ZSM-5 (zeolite) and vanadium oxide pellets of a few mm (V/sub 2/O/sub 5//TiO/sub 2/). In order to separate TCE removals by the TCE absorption effect on the catalyst and the decomposition by the plasma processing with catalyst, TCE removal rate change with time was investigated. The relaxation time of absorption was from 6 to 80 minutes, which may be dependent on geometry and surface of the catalyst. Decomposition energy efficiency was estimated to realize the practical TCE remover.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122613286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An evaluation and comparison of a two-level conventional voltage source inverter (VSI) and an auxiliary resonant commutated pole voltage source inverter (ARCPVSI) featuring IGCTs for a 3 MVA application is presented. Design issues of both topologies are addressed. The IGCT loss approximations are based on extensive measurements of the devices under hard and soft switching conditions. The results show that the ARCPVSI with IGCTs is a highly competitive alternative to conventional VSIs in this power range.
{"title":"Evaluation of a high power ARCP voltage source inverter with IGCTs","authors":"S. Bernet, R. Teichmann, J. Weber, P. Steimer","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.801636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.801636","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation and comparison of a two-level conventional voltage source inverter (VSI) and an auxiliary resonant commutated pole voltage source inverter (ARCPVSI) featuring IGCTs for a 3 MVA application is presented. Design issues of both topologies are addressed. The IGCT loss approximations are based on extensive measurements of the devices under hard and soft switching conditions. The results show that the ARCPVSI with IGCTs is a highly competitive alternative to conventional VSIs in this power range.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122833349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new packaging technique for power multichip modules has been developed. The components are sandwiched between two DBC (direct bond copper) substrates with aluminum nitride. This innovative technique allows to replace wire bond with flip chip and to cool the module on both sides. Thus, electrical, thermal and reliability performance can be improved.
{"title":"A new packaging technique for power multichip modules","authors":"C. Gillot, D. Henry, C. Schaeffer, C. Massit","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.805978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.805978","url":null,"abstract":"A new packaging technique for power multichip modules has been developed. The components are sandwiched between two DBC (direct bond copper) substrates with aluminum nitride. This innovative technique allows to replace wire bond with flip chip and to cool the module on both sides. Thus, electrical, thermal and reliability performance can be improved.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116462920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The majority of rotor related faults in three-phase induction motors are due to broken bars and end rings. These faults occur primarily due to the thermal, magnetic, mechanical, environmental stresses that the rotor has to undergo during the routine usage. Faults involving several broken bars cause excessive vibration, noise and sparking during motor starting. Fabricated type rotors have more incidents of rotor bar and end ring breakage than cast rotors. On the other hand, cast rotors are more difficult to repair once they fail. Once a bar breaks; the condition of the neighboring bars also deteriorates progressively due to increased stresses. To prevent such a cumulative destructive process, the problem should be detected early, that is, when the bars are beginning to crack. This condition can be visualized as continuous increase in rotor bar resistance which increases from its nominal value to infinity when the bar is fully broken. Any experimental study to diagnose broken bar faults is costly as it causes irreversible damage to the rotor. Thus, a model based approach to simulate broken bar related faults at various degrees of severity is indeed essential. The present paper evaluates through simulation the line current spectrum of an induction motor at the incipient stage of bar breakage. The model can also be extended to multiple, full blown broken bar case. The speed and torque ripples caused by broken bars can also be studied. The rules and laws generated through such simulations can then be used in neural network based diagnostic tools. Results in case of complete broken bars are validated by finite element calculations. Experimental results with up to four bars partially broken with machine operating from balanced sinusoidal and inverter fed supply are presented. Simulation results showing that certain abnormal power supply conditions can produce broken bar like spectrum have also been included.
{"title":"Study of three phase induction motors with incipient rotor cage faults under different supply conditions","authors":"S. Nandi, R. Bharadwaj, H. Toliyat, A. Parlos","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.806001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.806001","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of rotor related faults in three-phase induction motors are due to broken bars and end rings. These faults occur primarily due to the thermal, magnetic, mechanical, environmental stresses that the rotor has to undergo during the routine usage. Faults involving several broken bars cause excessive vibration, noise and sparking during motor starting. Fabricated type rotors have more incidents of rotor bar and end ring breakage than cast rotors. On the other hand, cast rotors are more difficult to repair once they fail. Once a bar breaks; the condition of the neighboring bars also deteriorates progressively due to increased stresses. To prevent such a cumulative destructive process, the problem should be detected early, that is, when the bars are beginning to crack. This condition can be visualized as continuous increase in rotor bar resistance which increases from its nominal value to infinity when the bar is fully broken. Any experimental study to diagnose broken bar faults is costly as it causes irreversible damage to the rotor. Thus, a model based approach to simulate broken bar related faults at various degrees of severity is indeed essential. The present paper evaluates through simulation the line current spectrum of an induction motor at the incipient stage of bar breakage. The model can also be extended to multiple, full blown broken bar case. The speed and torque ripples caused by broken bars can also be studied. The rules and laws generated through such simulations can then be used in neural network based diagnostic tools. Results in case of complete broken bars are validated by finite element calculations. Experimental results with up to four bars partially broken with machine operating from balanced sinusoidal and inverter fed supply are presented. Simulation results showing that certain abnormal power supply conditions can produce broken bar like spectrum have also been included.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126404391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the analysis of the neutral point (mid-point) potential variation in the 3-level SVPWM converter and inverter, and proposes a mid-point current controller (MPCC). The variation of the mid-point potential is analyzed in detail with the focus on the current flowing out of or into the mid-point with the proposed SVPWM method. The authors show that the 3-level converter and inverter could be controlled to have no mid-point potential fluctuation by the MPCC. But, both the 3-level converter and inverter have the control limitation. In the converter/inverter pair system, however, the limitation could be overcome with the MPCC. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by the simulation results using Mablab/Simulink.
{"title":"A new neutral point current control for a 3-level converter/inverter pair system","authors":"Yo-han Lee, B. Suh, C. Choi, D. Hyun","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.805944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.805944","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the analysis of the neutral point (mid-point) potential variation in the 3-level SVPWM converter and inverter, and proposes a mid-point current controller (MPCC). The variation of the mid-point potential is analyzed in detail with the focus on the current flowing out of or into the mid-point with the proposed SVPWM method. The authors show that the 3-level converter and inverter could be controlled to have no mid-point potential fluctuation by the MPCC. But, both the 3-level converter and inverter have the control limitation. In the converter/inverter pair system, however, the limitation could be overcome with the MPCC. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by the simulation results using Mablab/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126410673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subrata Saha, Kiyoe Ochiai, T. Kosaka, N. Matsui, Y. Takeda
In this paper, a new analytical model for the nonlinear flux-linkage/current characteristics of the switched reluctance motors (SRM) at different rotor positions is proposed. The uniqueness of the model lies in a simple algorithm for estimating the rotor position. Hence, a sensorless drive of the SRM is implemented using this analytical model. The estimation of the rotor position under different operating conditions of the SRM is found to be very stable when the speed is varied within a ratio of 1:20 and the applied load is changed from 0 to 100%. Thus, excellent performance of the sensorless drive is obtained and is reported in details.
{"title":"Developing a sensorless approach for switched reluctance motors from a new analytical model","authors":"Subrata Saha, Kiyoe Ochiai, T. Kosaka, N. Matsui, Y. Takeda","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.800003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.800003","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new analytical model for the nonlinear flux-linkage/current characteristics of the switched reluctance motors (SRM) at different rotor positions is proposed. The uniqueness of the model lies in a simple algorithm for estimating the rotor position. Hence, a sensorless drive of the SRM is implemented using this analytical model. The estimation of the rotor position under different operating conditions of the SRM is found to be very stable when the speed is varied within a ratio of 1:20 and the applied load is changed from 0 to 100%. Thus, excellent performance of the sensorless drive is obtained and is reported in details.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121453275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The common mode voltage produced by the modulation of three-phase power inverters creates a significant amount of common mode conducted current in motor drives. As an alternative to inserting a large common mode choke to attenuate this common mode current, a modification to the inverter topology and the modulation strategy is proposed that can eliminate zero state components in the common mode voltage produced by the inverter. With the proposed modification, it is observed that the inverter generates substantially low common mode voltage, thereby resulting in the reduction of common mode current by several orders of magnitude. The topological structure, operating principles and performance characteristics are presented. A comparative evaluation of various alternatives studied in the literature to mitigate electromagnetic interference is also presented in the paper.
{"title":"An auxiliary zero state synthesizer to reduce common mode voltage in three-phase inverters","authors":"M. Manjrekar, T. Lipo","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799924","url":null,"abstract":"The common mode voltage produced by the modulation of three-phase power inverters creates a significant amount of common mode conducted current in motor drives. As an alternative to inserting a large common mode choke to attenuate this common mode current, a modification to the inverter topology and the modulation strategy is proposed that can eliminate zero state components in the common mode voltage produced by the inverter. With the proposed modification, it is observed that the inverter generates substantially low common mode voltage, thereby resulting in the reduction of common mode current by several orders of magnitude. The topological structure, operating principles and performance characteristics are presented. A comparative evaluation of various alternatives studied in the literature to mitigate electromagnetic interference is also presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127857842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an adaptive parallel processing control scheme, using an artificial neural network (ANN) which is trained while the controller is operating online. The proposed control structure incorporates five-multilayer feedforward ANNs, which are online trained using the Levenburg-Marquadt learning method. The five networks are used exclusively for system estimation. The estimation mechanism uses continual online training to learn the unknown stator model dynamics and estimate the rotor fluxes of an inverter-fed induction motor. Subsequently, the estimated stator currents are fed into an adaptive controller to track the desired stator current trajectories. The adaptive controller is constructed as a feedback signal (a predetermined control law), depending on estimated stator currents supplied by the neural estimators and the reference trajectories to be tracked by the output. The control of the direct and quadrature components of the stator current successfully tracked a wide variety of reference trajectories after relatively short, online training periods. This paper also suggests two three-layer ANNs control scheme to simultaneously identify and adaptively adjust the rotor speed to follow a predetermined reference track.
{"title":"Parallel computation of continually on-line trained neural networks for identification and control of induction motors","authors":"A. Rubaai, R. Kotaru, M. D. Kankam","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1999.799173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1999.799173","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an adaptive parallel processing control scheme, using an artificial neural network (ANN) which is trained while the controller is operating online. The proposed control structure incorporates five-multilayer feedforward ANNs, which are online trained using the Levenburg-Marquadt learning method. The five networks are used exclusively for system estimation. The estimation mechanism uses continual online training to learn the unknown stator model dynamics and estimate the rotor fluxes of an inverter-fed induction motor. Subsequently, the estimated stator currents are fed into an adaptive controller to track the desired stator current trajectories. The adaptive controller is constructed as a feedback signal (a predetermined control law), depending on estimated stator currents supplied by the neural estimators and the reference trajectories to be tracked by the output. The control of the direct and quadrature components of the stator current successfully tracked a wide variety of reference trajectories after relatively short, online training periods. This paper also suggests two three-layer ANNs control scheme to simultaneously identify and adaptively adjust the rotor speed to follow a predetermined reference track.","PeriodicalId":125787,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127898232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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