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The role of women in United Kingdom farm businesses 妇女在英国农业企业中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/14657503231159766
Zoë Kempster, Wyn Morris, L. Manning, R. Bowen
The global empowerment of women has been, and remains to be, a continuing issue, especially within the workplace. The agribusiness industry is no exception, where continuation of gender bias and stereotypes positions women as under-represented. Whilst the significance of women in farm businesses is evidenced, their relative invisibility in policy discourse is clear, despite the number of women developing careers in the industry increasing. This qualitative study examines the self-identified roles of women in United Kingdom (UK) farm businesses by interviewing individual participants in the sector (n = 8). The literature highlights four roles: the farmer, farm manager, off-farm income careerist and entrepreneur with an on-farm diversified business which forms a theoretical framework to structure the interviews. Findings show five emergent self-identification of role characterisations as being the mother, a decision-maker, a supporter, a labourer and an entrepreneur within a personal role profile. Thus, whilst externally identified roles consider women's status and contribution in a siloed job role structure, the multiplicity of roles that women undertake are much more nuanced and contiguous. The research contribution is an understanding of the variance and multiplicity of tasks undertaken which indicate the extensive work and contributory efforts that women instinctively provide to the farming business and the farm household structure. Findings contribute by establishing a new conceptualisation of the contributions of women to farm businesses informing rural policymakers, to consider the roles of women at farm household level rather than simply focussing on the gender characteristics of the principal farmer.
全球赋予妇女权力一直是,并将继续是一个持续的问题,特别是在工作场所。农业综合企业也不例外,性别偏见和陈规定型观念的持续存在使妇女的代表性不足。虽然妇女在农业企业中的重要性得到了证明,但尽管在该行业发展职业的妇女人数不断增加,但她们在政策话语中的相对不可见性是显而易见的。本定性研究通过采访该部门的个人参与者(n = 8),调查了英国(UK)农场企业中妇女自我认定的角色。文献强调了四个角色:农民、农场经理、非农收入野心家和农场多元化业务的企业家,这形成了一个理论框架来结构访谈。研究结果显示,在个人角色描述中,母亲、决策者、支持者、劳动者和企业家是五种新兴的自我认同角色特征。因此,虽然外部确定的角色考虑到妇女在孤立的工作角色结构中的地位和贡献,但妇女承担的多重角色更加微妙和连续。研究贡献是对所承担任务的多样性和多样性的理解,这些任务表明妇女本能地为农业业务和农场家庭结构提供了广泛的工作和贡献努力。调查结果有助于建立妇女对农业企业的贡献的新概念,为农村政策制定者提供信息,考虑妇女在农场家庭一级的作用,而不是简单地关注主要农民的性别特征。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between the family farmers’ entrepreneurial spirit and innovation 家庭农民创业精神与创新的关系
Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/14657503231156868
Silvana B Balconi, L. F. Dias Lopes, C. D. da Veiga, W. V. da Silva
The entrepreneurial and innovative behavior of the small rural producer has been considered a way of boosting the sector and advancing research in rural studies. Given this scenario, analyzing the relationship between the entrepreneurial behavior of the small family farmer and innovation is an unexplored challenge in the literature. In order to shed light on this relationship, we conducted a systematic literature review by analyzing 100 of the most prominent articles published in the last decade (2010–2021) to answer how international scientific production is characterized and analyze the relationship between the entrepreneurial spirit of the family farmer and innovation. Our findings revealed expressive intermediaries that address the aforementioned correlation, expressing the centrality and intensity of the relationship between the terms of the formed textual corpus. By structuring and detailing the intellectual contribution of this study, it is possible to advance the knowledge on emerging themes. Understanding the innovative behavior of rural producers brings companies, universities, and governments closer to the reality of farmers, enabling projects designed for rural development to be implemented.
农村小生产者的创业和创新行为被认为是促进该部门和推进农村研究的一种方式。在这种情况下,分析小农创业行为与创新之间的关系是文献中尚未探索的挑战。为了阐明这种关系,我们通过分析过去十年(2010-2021年)发表的100篇最突出的文章,进行了系统的文献综述,以回答国际科学生产的特征,并分析家庭农民的创业精神与创新之间的关系。我们的研究结果揭示了解决上述相关性的表达中介,表达了形成的文本语料库条款之间关系的中心性和强度。通过构建和详细说明本研究的智力贡献,有可能推进新兴主题的知识。了解农村生产者的创新行为可以使公司、大学和政府更接近农民的现实,从而使为农村发展而设计的项目得以实施。
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引用次数: 1
Orientation and action: SME responses to customers and competitors in an international competitive business context 定位和行动:中小企业在国际竞争的商业环境中对客户和竞争对手的反应
Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/14657503231156875
Monica Riviere, John W. Upson
This paper investigates strategic orientations toward three key parties (customers, domestic competitors, and foreign competitors) and considers how each pressures small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to reduce costs and innovate. We surveyed 2792 SMEs from 30 countries, about their business environment and firm innovation. Results indicate that SMEs are selective in responding to pressures from customers, and when they do respond, SMEs do so on their own terms. Further, SMEs differentiate their responses to competitive pressure based on whether pressure arises from foreign or domestic sources. Our study adds to the behavioral perspective of the market orientation literature by focusing on how customers and competitors drive SME behaviors aimed at achieving positional market advantages.
本文研究了针对三个关键方(客户、国内竞争对手和国外竞争对手)的战略导向,并考虑了每个方如何迫使中小企业(SMEs)降低成本和创新。我们调查了来自30个国家的2792家中小企业,了解他们的商业环境和企业创新。结果表明,中小企业在应对来自客户的压力时是有选择性的,当他们做出回应时,中小企业是根据自己的条件做出回应的。此外,中小企业对竞争压力的反应取决于压力来自国外还是来自国内。我们的研究增加了市场导向文献的行为视角,重点关注客户和竞争对手如何推动中小企业的行为,以实现定位市场优势。
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引用次数: 0
The value of entrepreneuring in the context of multidimensional poverty 多维贫困背景下创业的价值
Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/14657503231156338
Hina Hashim, Johan Gaddefors
The role of entrepreneurship in alleviating poverty has been extensively researched by entrepreneurship researchers and policy makers. The focus of this research has mostly been in the context of business, for example, the links between value creation leading and economic poverty amelioration. We believe that poverty is multidimensional and requires attention to detail. Similarly, we argue that entrepreneurship is more than an engine for economic outcomes; rather it is a process for socioeconomic value creation and change. Therefore, we approach entrepreneurship as a verb – ‘entrepreneuring’, an unfolding value process which points at the inherent processual character of entrepreneurship. We argue that entrepreneuring enables the context of poverty by creating different values. To understand its nuances, we explore the concept of ‘value’ in entrepreneuring that offers a means of escaping poverty. To do so, we conducted a qualitative narrative study of entrepreneurs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in an impoverished part of northern Pakistan. This article initially reviews literature about entrepreneurship and poverty. Next, we propose a conceptual framework to understand how and why entrepreneuring happens in the context of poverty, and who is involved. Finally, we provide a theoretical framework as to how entrepreneuring creates values that allow individuals to enable the context of poverty.
企业家精神在减轻贫困方面的作用已被企业家精神研究者和政策制定者广泛研究。这项研究的重点主要集中在商业背景下,例如,价值创造领导与经济贫困改善之间的联系。我们认为,贫穷是多方面的,需要注意细节。同样,我们认为企业家精神不仅仅是经济成果的引擎;相反,它是一个创造和改变社会经济价值的过程。因此,我们将企业家精神视为一个动词——“创业”,这是一个不断展开的价值过程,指出了企业家精神固有的过程特征。我们认为,创业通过创造不同的价值,使贫困的背景成为可能。为了理解其中的细微差别,我们探讨了创业中的“价值”概念,它提供了一种摆脱贫困的手段。为此,我们对巴基斯坦北部贫困地区开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省的企业家进行了定性叙事研究。本文首先回顾了有关创业与贫困的文献。接下来,我们提出了一个概念框架,以理解创业是如何以及为什么在贫困背景下发生的,以及谁参与其中。最后,我们提供了一个理论框架,说明创业如何创造价值,使个人能够实现贫困的背景。
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引用次数: 1
Team engagement for boosting team innovative behaviour in small and medium enterprises: An integrating framework of attitudinal and trait-related determinants 促进中小企业团队创新行为的团队参与:态度和特质相关决定因素的整合框架
Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/14657503231156876
O. Ababneh
Today, enterprises are devoting a burgeoning interest in fostering team innovative behaviour at the workplace. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to bring together two lines of engagement enquiry (individual and team), leaning on similar theoretical veins and ontologies; however, exploring the interrelationship between these two constructs has received scant attention. Towards that end, a survey questionnaire was developed to collect data from 547 employees working for SMEs operating in Jordan. The findings revealed that team engagement mediates individual engagement and team innovative behaviour. Further, the findings indicated a positive moderating effect of the variation in team's relationship-oriented traits on the individual-team engagement association. Interestingly, the hypothesis proposing a moderating influence of the variation in the team's task-oriented traits was not statistically supported. This study provides an unprecedented progress to the scholarly conversation revolving around the neoteric influence of employee engagement and team innovative behaviour. The newfangled theoretical model links employee engagement theory with team innovative behaviours through the moderation effects of team personality compositions.
如今,企业对在工作场所培养团队创新行为的兴趣日益浓厚。因此,本研究的目的是将两种敬业度调查(个人和团队)结合在一起,依靠类似的理论脉络和本体论;然而,探索这两个构念之间的相互关系却很少受到关注。为此目的,编制了一份调查问卷,收集在约旦经营的中小企业工作的547名雇员的数据。研究发现,团队敬业度对个人敬业度和团队创新行为具有中介作用。此外,研究结果表明,团队关系导向特征的变化对个人-团队敬业关系具有正向调节作用。有趣的是,提出团队任务导向特征的变化具有调节作用的假设并没有得到统计上的支持。这项研究为围绕员工敬业度和团队创新行为的近代影响的学术讨论提供了前所未有的进展。这一新颖的理论模型通过团队人格构成的调节作用将员工敬业理论与团队创新行为联系起来。
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引用次数: 1
Growth aspiring entrepreneurs’ response to corporate tax rates: Is it universally negative? 有志成长的企业家对企业税率的反应:普遍是负面的吗?
Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1177/14657503231153312
C. D. Reddy
The article challenges the universal assumption in the literature that corporate tax rates constrain growth-aspiring entrepreneurs. The strength of financial intuitions may be a stronger predictor of growth aspirations than corporate tax rates. With the support of strong financial institutions, countries possessing norms supportive of individual success and risk-taking will lead growth-aspiring entrepreneurs to persist in the face of corporate tax rate increases. For countries with weak financial institutions, it does not matter whether norms are supportive or not of individual success and risk-taking behaviour; entrepreneurs do not have the means to grow their enterprises and thus do not show a strong response to corporate tax rate increases. This argument is supported by an analysis of 394 country-year observations for 77 countries from the GEM and World Bank databases. The study contributes to understanding the contextual conditions required for growth-aspiring entrepreneurs to overcome tax constraints and, more broadly, formal institutional constraints. Our qualifying condition in performance-oriented norms points to the importance of informal institutions in promoting entrepreneurial resilience and persistence. This also points to the importance of the interdependency between formal and informal institutions when explaining economic behaviour.
这篇文章挑战了文献中的普遍假设,即企业税率限制了有抱负的企业家的增长。金融直觉的力量可能比企业税率更能预测增长愿望。在强大的金融机构的支持下,拥有支持个人成功和冒险的规范的国家,将引导有志于增长的企业家在企业税率上调的情况下坚持下去。对于金融机构薄弱的国家,规范是否支持个人成功和冒险行为并不重要;企业家没有办法发展他们的企业,因此对公司税率的提高没有表现出强烈的反应。这一论点得到了对全球监测和世界银行数据库中77个国家的394个国别年度观察结果的分析的支持。这项研究有助于理解有志于增长的企业家克服税收约束以及更广泛地说,克服正式制度约束所需的背景条件。我们在绩效导向规范中的合格条件指出了非正式制度在促进创业弹性和持久性方面的重要性。这也表明,在解释经济行为时,正式制度和非正式制度之间相互依赖的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Linking entrepreneurial passion and innovation under the dynamic influence of entrepreneurs’ age: The case of Vietnamese SMEs 企业家年龄动态影响下的创业激情与创新:以越南中小企业为例
Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221148305
Ngoc Luu
Drawing upon the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, this research focuses on examining two mediating mechanisms linking entrepreneurial passion and firm-level innovation performance under the dynamic influence of entrepreneurs’ age. The study uses a survey with a sample of 186 entrepreneurs who were owners or founders of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The empirical study shows that entrepreneurial passion directly improves firms’ innovation performance, and indirectly via two mediators: entrepreneurial alertness and self-efficacy. Furthermore, the findings reveal that entrepreneurs’ age has a U-shaped moderating effect on the link between entrepreneurial passion and self-efficacy, and a positive moderating effect on the link between passion and alertness. This study is among the few to explore the impact of entrepreneurial passion as an entrepreneur-level emotion on a critical firm-level business outcome. Besides, it contributes to the innovation literature by examining the mediating mechanisms through which entrepreneurial passion turns into improvements in firm-level innovation performance. Finally, the research extends the entrepreneurship literature by confirming how these mediating mechanisms differ at different stages of an entrepreneur's lifecycle.
基于积极情绪的扩张型构建理论,本研究重点考察了企业家年龄动态影响下企业家激情与企业层面创新绩效之间的两种中介机制。该研究对186名越南中小企业的所有者或创始人进行了抽样调查。实证研究表明,创业激情直接提高企业创新绩效,并通过创业警觉性和自我效能感两个中介间接提高企业创新绩效。此外,研究发现,企业家年龄对创业激情与自我效能感之间的关系有u型调节作用,对创业激情与警觉性之间的关系有正向调节作用。本研究是为数不多的探索企业家激情作为企业家层面情感对关键公司层面商业成果影响的研究之一。此外,通过考察企业家激情对企业层面创新绩效提升的中介机制,对创新文献有所贡献。最后,通过确认这些中介机制在企业家生命周期不同阶段的差异,本研究扩展了创业文献。
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引用次数: 1
The nature of entrepreneurs’ engagement with a layered rural context 企业家参与分层农村环境的本质
Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/14657503231151892
Eva J B Jørgensen, L. Mathisen
Rural entrepreneurship has recently been reconceptualised as engagement with contexts. However, our knowledge of the nature of this engagement remains limited. In this paper, we explore the engagement of entrepreneurs hired as part-time industry mentors at regional universities. Using a qualitative approach based on grounded theory and self-ethnography, we interviewed five entrepreneurs in adjunct positions and their academic counterparts at universities in Northern Norway. We also relied on our own experience as academics collaborating with industry mentors. Our findings demonstrate that the entrepreneurs’ engagement encompasses and combines the business, academic and spatial layers of the entrepreneurs’ context and that it unfolds in the form of knowledge-sharing practices. Our study makes several contributions. First, it contributes to the limited empirical research on rural entrepreneurship as engagement with context and gives a novel and detailed account of how this engagement unfolds in practice. Second, it contributes by adding new insight into how entrepreneurs relate to a layered rural context. In particular, we emphasise that the knowledge-sharing practices help in crossing boundaries between the layers. Third, our study offers some practical contributions for rural entrepreneurs, policymakers and actors in regional innovation systems and regional universities.
农村创业最近被重新定义为与环境的接触。然而,我们对这种接触性质的了解仍然有限。在本文中,我们探讨了企业家作为兼职行业导师在地方大学的参与。采用基于扎根理论和自我民族志的定性方法,我们采访了挪威北部大学兼职的五位企业家和他们的学术同行。我们也依靠自己作为学者与行业导师合作的经验。我们的研究结果表明,企业家的参与包含并结合了企业家环境的商业、学术和空间层面,并以知识共享实践的形式展开。我们的研究有几点贡献。首先,它有助于对农村创业作为情境参与的有限实证研究,并对这种参与如何在实践中展开进行了新颖而详细的描述。其次,它为企业家如何与分层的农村环境相联系提供了新的见解。我们特别强调,知识共享实践有助于跨越各层之间的边界。第三,本文的研究为农村企业家、区域创新系统的政策制定者和行动者以及区域大学提供了一些实践贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation editors’ series: Advancing quantitative research in entrepreneurship 国际创业与创新杂志编辑系列:推进创业的定量研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221148571
P. Tiwasing, L. Galloway, D. Refai, Alex Kevill, Endrit Kromidha, Steven Pattinson
We are pleased to present the latest issue of International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. As always, our papers represent a range of topics and methodologies within the scope of the journal. In this editorial, we take the opportunity to offer some advice and guidance notes on presenting quantitative research within the field of entrepreneurship, which can hopefully enhance the high-quality quantitative research submissions to the journal. In the digital era, new technologies have changed how research is done, which allows entrepreneurship researchers to access information, data and data analytical tools in more flexible ways than ever. Consequently, research in entrepreneurship has seen significant advancements over the past few decades due to the rapid development of the field’s theoretical underpinnings through the use of more advanced quantitative research methods (Anderson et al., 2019; Maula and Stam, 2020). Quantitative research is a research framework that focuses on quantifying the data collection and data analysis, which is often built on a deductive approach aiming at testing a hypothesis (hypotheses) based on existing theories (Antwi and Hamza, 2015). This approach is widely used in the fields of economics, marketing, education and healthcare (Parker, 2018). It is also often performed by social scientists in various disciplines, including sociology, psychology, public health and politics through the exploration of numeric patterns (Maula and Stam, 2020). In the field of entrepreneurship, quantitative research can help entrepreneurship scholars to understand the trends and patterns of behaviour related to entrepreneurial phenomena from a large sample size quickly and efficiently. The results of quantitative research are generally more objective and accurate than qualitative research since they are derived from numeric data and close-ended questions, which provide precise decisions from target population (Antwi and Hamza, 2015). The data analysis can also be processed with speed via statistical software tools, which can quickly give entrepreneurs the utmost confidence when making plans for the future. Due to the quick advancements in empirical techniques and software packages, quantitative entrepreneurship research,
我们很高兴向大家介绍最新一期的《国际创业与创新杂志》。一如既往,我们的论文代表了期刊范围内的一系列主题和方法。在这篇社论中,我们借此机会就创业领域的定量研究提出一些建议和指导意见,希望能提高期刊提交的高质量定量研究。在数字时代,新技术改变了研究的方式,这使得创业研究人员能够以比以往更灵活的方式获取信息、数据和数据分析工具。因此,在过去的几十年里,由于通过使用更先进的定量研究方法,该领域的理论基础得到了迅速发展,创业研究取得了重大进展(Anderson等人,2019;毛拉和斯塔姆,2020)。定量研究是一种侧重于量化数据收集和数据分析的研究框架,通常建立在演绎方法上,旨在基于现有理论测试假设(Antwi和Hamza, 2015)。这种方法被广泛应用于经济学、市场营销、教育和医疗保健领域(Parker, 2018)。它也经常由不同学科的社会科学家进行,包括社会学、心理学、公共卫生和政治学,通过探索数字模式(Maula和Stam, 2020)。在创业领域,定量研究可以帮助创业学者快速有效地从大样本中了解与创业现象相关的行为趋势和模式。定量研究的结果通常比定性研究更客观和准确,因为它们是从数字数据和封闭式问题中得出的,这些数据和封闭式问题提供了目标人群的精确决策(Antwi和Hamza, 2015)。数据分析也可以通过统计软件工具快速处理,这可以在企业家制定未来计划时迅速给予最大的信心。由于实证技术和软件包的快速发展,定量创业研究,
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引用次数: 1
Entrepreneurial leadership development in teams: A conceptual model 团队创业领导力发展:一个概念模型
Pub Date : 2022-12-18 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221143977
F. Ahmed, Christian Harrison
Entrepreneurial leadership is an emerging paradigm of enquiry that has gained increased attention in research and practice in recent times. However, due to lack of conceptual clarity and theoretical foundations, various dimensions of entrepreneurial leadership competencies and their development specifically in group contexts lack theoretical and conceptual underpinning. This research seeks to narrow this gap by outlining a conceptual framework for team-based entrepreneurial leadership learning and development. According to the proposed model, developing entrepreneurial leadership skills is a dynamic and complex social process. Entrepreneurial leaders can gain knowledge and skills by participating in a variety of team-based learning activities, including peer observations, group-based experiential learning, self-regulated learning and team learning.
企业家领导是一种新兴的研究范式,近年来在研究和实践中得到了越来越多的关注。然而,由于缺乏概念清晰度和理论基础,创业领导能力的各个维度及其在群体背景下的发展缺乏理论和概念基础。本研究旨在通过概述基于团队的创业领导力学习和发展的概念框架来缩小这一差距。根据提出的模型,企业家领导技能的发展是一个动态的、复杂的社会过程。创业型领导者可以通过参与各种以团队为基础的学习活动来获得知识和技能,包括同伴观察、小组体验式学习、自我调节学习和团队学习。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
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