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Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is one of the most common autoimmune hair diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiological progression of a variety of diseases; however, how lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata is not fully understood.

Objective: In order to study the differential expression profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in patients with alopecia areata and provide experimental basis for the diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata.

Method: We collected skin tissues from the normal and bald areas of the scalp of five patients with alopecia areata. We used RNA sequencing to detect mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in the skin, screen for differentially expressed genes, and then perform enrichment analyses to determine the functions of the differentially expressed genes and construct a lncRNA-mRNA interaction network.

Results: Our results show that normal and bald areas of the scalp in patients with alopecia areata have different mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles, with a total of 344 mRNAs and 116 lncRNAs differentially expressed. Functional enrichment analysis of these co-expressed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was enriched for biological processes such as intermediate filament organization, keratinization, and epithelial cell differentiation and so on. Based on the co-expression of differential lncRNAs and DEGs obtained in this project, further overlap analysis of 100 kb of DEGs upstream and downstream of the lncRNAs ultimately revealed that 11 lncRNAs cis-regulate 15 target mRNAs.

Conclusion: The pathogenesis of alopecia areata is closely related to multiple genes and multiple pathways, in which keratin family genes may play a key role. In conclusion, this study provides new and promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of alopecia areata.

Oncology patients frequently face a variety of oral side effects as a result of cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. One common issue is periodontitis. Additionally, patients with COVID-19 have reported a range of oral symptoms, including necrotizing periodontal disease. The objective of our study is to evaluate the oral health status of cancer patients during COVID-19 infection.

Material and methods: The research involved 213 Georgian citizens' aged 18 to 65, divided into four groups: Group I consisted of 120 healthy individuals (without cancer); Group II included 60 healthy individuals who had contracted COVID-19; Group III comprised 40 cancer patients; and Group IV included 85 cancer patients who also had COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the correlation between oral health characteristics and both COVID-19 status and cancer diagnosis, as well as the types of cancer treatments received.

Results: The study showed an increased signs in oral index scores in cancer and covid groups compared to healthy group. Bleeding index: in group I - 0.20+0.41, in group II - 0.85+1.13, in group III - 0.48+0.85 and in group IV 0.95+1.20 p=0.079). Loss of gingival attachment: 0-3 mm: in group I - 2 (10%), in group II - 33 (55%), in group III - 7 (14.58%), in group IV - 1 (12.94%) (p<0.0001); 4-5 mm: in group I- 0, in group II - 20 (33.3%), in group III - 13 (27.08%), in group IV - 25 (29.41%) (p=0.2489; 6-8 mm: in group I - 0, in group II - 6 (7.06%), in group III - 1 (2.08%) ), in IV group - 6 (7.06%) (p=0.2200). We diagnosed the 40 patients with periodontitis. Cancer and Cancer+Covid group show a significant positive correlation with periodontitis, (r=0.197, p=0.004; and r=0.144, p=0.036 respectively).

Conclusions: • Cancer patients exhibit a high incidence of periodontitis, which is exacerbated by COVID-19 transmission. However, receiving a booster vaccine dose can significantly reduce the risk of tooth loss. • The oral health status of cancer patients must be prioritized, necessitating the development of an appropriate protocol during and after cancer treatment. Special attention should be given to those patients who have also contracted COVID-19. • To prevent periodontitis and tooth loss during cancer treatment, it is crucial for patients, particularly those infected with COVID-19, to maintain regular dental follow-ups.

Objective: The aims of study was to analysis the current situation of talent team construction and development in the field of public health and identifying existing problems and their causes is of great practical significance for promoting the development of public health in Taizhou City, Zhejiang province (China).

Methods: Through the literature search, visit investigation and qualitative interview, the overall situation of the public health talents in Taizhou was analyzed, the problems existing in the development process of the public health talents at all levels at the grassroots level were investigated, the relevant influencing factors were discussed, and targeted optimization plans were put forward.

Results: The study revealed several problems, including the small number of grassroots public health personnel, low educational background, and diverse majors.

Conclusions: The staffing of grassroots public health institutions and the recruitment of public health talents should be strengthened. Additionally, efforts should be made to improve the skill level of personnel and establish a long-term reserve mechanism to enhance public health service capabilities.

Background: Urology is a branch of medicine that deals with different diseases of the urinary tract or the reproductive organs in both men and women. It is well known that there is an increase in the number of urological diseases that are being encountered in both primary and secondary health services. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perception and interest in urology specialty among medical students at Qassim University and provide an idea about factors influencing student's consideration of pursuing urology as a career choice.

Subject and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the medical students and interns using paper survey. The survey comprised basic demographic characteristics (gender, academic year level), a questionnaire about the basic knowledge of urology specialty, clinical skills in urology field, and 18 items to assess the influencing factors for choosing urology specialty.

Results: Among the 223 medical students, 55.6% were males, and 23.8% considered a career in the urology specialty. Being a male, believing that males dominated the urology specialty, and a positive influence when choosing urology specialty were the factors that increased student's consideration for the urology specialty. The top influential factors for urology consideration were the use of technology in urology, integration of medicine and surgery, and career opportunities. Deterrence factors were unattractive lifestyle, lack of knowledge, and social issues.

Conclusion: One-fourth of medical students would consider urology as their future specialty. Male students who believed that males dominated urology were more likely to exhibit greater consideration for choosing a urology specialty as a future career compared to other students. Further researches are needed to address more details on the factors that affects the choose of urology as a future carrier in female students and finding a solutions to them as well as correcting misconceptions about the urologists lifestyle.

Introduction and hypothesis: Sigmoid vaginoplasty is a safe and acceptable procedure for vaginal agenesis with good cosmetic results and acceptable complications rate. Sigmoid colon vaginoplasty is the treatment of choice because of its large lumen, thick walls resistant to trauma, adequate secretion allowing lubrication, not necessitating prolonged dilatation, and short recovery time. We investigate the feasibility, safety, and clinical therapeutic effect of laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Intestinal vaginoplasty has several advantageous features, such as scarless surgery, low incidence of contraction of the reconstructed vagina, maintenance of vaginal depth, spontaneous mucus production, and a low rate of complications. Therefore, this technique is becoming popular in many countries. Following the global trend, the demand for intestinal vaginoplasty for girls suffer from vaginal atresia and transsexuals is also increasing in Georgia. However, there are few reports on intestinal vaginoplasty in Tbilisi. In this article, we examined the safety and effectiveness of rectosigmoid colon vaginoplasty in the population. To avoid vaginal, prolapse, it is important to decide the length of the rectosigmoid segment so that a pull on it does not cause it to become lax, while excessive stress on the feeder vessels is avoided.

Methods: In September 2023, With the participation of plastic surgeons, laparoscopic treatment of total vaginal aplasia was performed on women aged 23 years, with normal female karyotype and typical secondary sex characteristics. diagnosed with MRKHs because of primary amenorrhea. The diagnosis, which has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 live female births, is frequently made during adolescence after tests for primary amenorrhea Results: Operation was performed under general anaesthesia. The patient was placed in the fog leg position to permit access to the perineum. The operating time was 165 min. The hospital stay was 7 days. A functional neovagina was created 11-15 cm in length and two fingers in breadth in our patient. No introitus stenosis was observed. No intra- or post-operative complications occurred. None had complained of local irritation or dyspareunia. Patient had post-surgery sexual intercourse was satisfied with her sexual life and the mean total Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score was 25.17±0.63. The cosmetic result was excellent.

Conclusions: The laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty can achieve the goal of making a functional neovagina. The main advantage of this surgical technique is that it is minimally invasive and that there are fewer complications of post-operation. It is an acceptable procedure for patients with MRKH syndrome.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is considered one of the most common zoonotic infections in the world and is characterized by distribution in countries of subtropical and tropical zones. In Georgia A sharp increase in the frequency of leptospirosis began in 2011, and the morbidity rate increased to 16.3. Also, the landscape of detected serovars changed during this period: L.Pomona, L.icterohemorragiae, L.grippotyphosa, L.hebdomadis, among them the most frequently registered - L.pomona -45%.

Materials and methods: A recent study aimed to reveal clinical and epidemiological peculiarities of leptospirosis at the modern stage, particularly those with heightened instances post-COVID-19. From January to June 2023, we studied 62 individuals with prolonged fever (more than 5 days without catarrhal events). The cohort study was conducted at the First University Clinic of TSMU); They were hospitalized at the First University Clinic. Comparative analysis was done with previous study which was conducted in 2013-2014 The diagnosis of leptospirosis was confirmed in the case of a reliable, diagnostic Ig M titer using the ELISA method, which was performed at the Lugar Research Center.

Results: According to the study which was done at the First University Clinic in 2023(From January to June) leptospirosis was confirmed in 40 cases (64.5%) due to serological analysis. The age range varied from 17 to 80 years, females were 29 % and males 71% with almost equal representation from urban 54.8 % and rural 45.2% areas. The clinical spectrum of leptospirosis included pneumonia, Weil's disease, and neurological diseases. Icteric forms registered in 12.9 %, Unicteric forms in 87.1%; Pneumonia was the most common clinical syndrome in 35.5%, symptoms of CNS damage (meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningomyelitis) were also registered 12.9% each. haemorrhagic stroke revealed in 1 (2.5% ) patient. Weil's disease in 23.6 % cases. Comparative analysis of clinical-epidemiological features from 2013-2014 to 2023 revealed changes in the frequency of clinical variants and epidemiological characteristics. Increased rate of anicteric forms of Leptospirosis have been noticed recently Conclusion: The disease has expanded its distribution to urban areas, indicating a wider reach. Because of various clinical manifestation of leptospirosis. the study emphasizes the importance of diagnosing leptospirosis in cases of prolonged fever, leptospirosis with its dynamic nature and changing clinical patterns, underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance of fever of unknown origin, differential diagnosis with other diseases and prompt intervention, especially in period of post-Covid 19.

This article presents the results of a study of the correlation between psychological stress and essential arterial hypertension in elderly people living in a boarding house. The use of appropriate methods and materials, as well as the t-test to check the equality of the mean values in the two samples, allowed us to establish a certain causal relationship in the development of this disease.

Ankle fractures are common injuries treated in accident and emergency (A&E) departments, often requiring prompt reduction to restore joint alignment. Traditional pain management methods, including intravenous sedation and general anaesthesia, carry risks of systemic complications. The ankle block, a form of regional anaesthesia, is increasingly used for ankle fracture reduction due to its ability to provide localized pain relief while minimizing systemic side effects. This article reviews the techniques, recent trends, advantages, and disadvantages of ankle blocks in A&E settings. Ultrasound guidance has enhanced the precision and success of the procedure, leading to improved outcomes. Despite challenges, such as the need for specialized training and occasional incomplete analgesia, the ankle block is emerging as a preferred opioid-sparing alternative. Continued advancements in regional anaesthesia and training programs are expected to broaden its use in emergency care. Further research may focus on optimizing techniques to ensure consistent results.

Background: Despite the fact that the COVID-19 epidemic has already ended, there is no clear answer to the question - what is the nature of the imbalance in the hemocoagulation system, and which phenomena prevail - thrombosis or hemorrhage? More and more new works appear describing the occurrence of deep, extensive hematomas in patients with COVID-19. However, this experience requires further discussion and understanding.

Case description: From October 2020 to January 2021, 7 (2,1% among all hospitalized with COVID-19 in this period) patients with developed hematomas were observed at the COVID-19 hospital. All of them, taking into account their severe condition (according to the SOFA scale) and the high risk of thromboembolic complications (according to the Caprini scale), received a therapeutic dose of calcium nadroparin. Superficial hematomas were observed in 2 patients, and deep hematomas - in 5 patients. Their volume was up to 340 ml. Instrumental diagnostics included ultrasound and computed tomography. The most difficult were hematomas in the area of musculus iliopsoas. The median time of the onset of hematomas from the start of treatment was 7 days (interquartile range [IQR], 4-9 days). The indication for puncture was a hematoma volume of more than 100 ml, as well as a suspicion of suppuration. Analysis of coagulograms revealed signs of hypercoagulation and imbalance in the blood coagulation system. In 3 patients, the D-dimer level exceeded 4000 ng/ml. They were fatal, and autopsy revealed multiple thrombosis of the small branches of the pulmonary artery. Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities was not detected. The mortality rate among patients with developed hematomas was 42.9%, and the average mortality rate for this hospital in the indicated period of time was 7.1%.

Conclusions: An imbalance in which, along with thrombotic complications, hemorrhagic manifestations are observed, is one of the features of COVID-19. The deep hematomas developing at the same time are poorly understood and sharply complicate the course of the infection.