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Purpose: The study aimed to identify the relationship between speech characteristics and anxiety levels to identify psycholinguistic markers that can serve as diagnostic tools in psychotherapy practice.

Methods: A sample of 160 participants was stratified by anxiety level (high, medium, low) using standardized methods (STAI, BAI). Quantitative analysis showed significant differences in the speech of the groups: participants with high anxiety used shorter sentences, were characterized by a lower level of lexical diversity, more frequent use of negatively colored vocabulary and the pronoun "I", and also used future tense forms less often.

Results: Correlation and regression analyses confirmed the close relationship of these speech indicators with anxiety levels, which explained up to 48% of the variation on the BAI scale. The results suggest that speech analysis can be a reliable indicator of anxiety levels and can be integrated into psychotherapy practice as an additional diagnostic tool. The resulting speech profile of a highly anxious individual-negative vocabulary, self-referentiality, cognitive simplification, and low future orientation-can be used to individualize psychotherapeutic interventions and monitor therapy dynamics.

Conclusions: Practical applications include regular speech analysis, working with written texts, and integrating automated analysis systems into clinical and online environments. A promising direction is to expand the sample and test the cross-cultural validity of the resulting model.

Background: Frailty is increasingly recognized as a major determinant of poor outcomes in elderly patients undergoing vascular interventions. With global population aging, the intersection between frailty and vascular disease has become a pressing clinical and research priority. However, research in this domain remains scattered, and no bibliometric synthesis has systematically mapped global trends.

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) analyze global research trends on vascular interventions in frail elderly patients (2000-2025), (2) identify the most productive countries, institutions, authors, and journals, (3) evaluate co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citation impact, and (4) highlight clinical outcomes studied and areas for future research.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases covering 2000-2024. The search strategy combined terms such as "vascular intervention," "frail elderly," "endovascular procedures," and "geriatric vascular surgery." A total of 276 relevant publications were included. Bibliometric indicators assessed annual scientific production, source impact (Bradford's Law), author productivity (Lotka's Law), institutional and country-level contributions, keyword evolution, and collaboration networks. Analytical tools included Bibliometrix (R package) for mapping and VOSviewer for visualization.

Results: Research output demonstrated steady growth, with fewer than 10 publications annually before 2005, rising sharply after 2016, and peaking at 28 articles in 2025. The Journal of Vascular Surgery (n=23), Annals of Vascular Surgery (n=14), and Journal of Neurointerventional Surgery (n=11) were the most prolific sources. Author productivity was highly skewed, with 88.1% contributing only one article, while Pol RA and Brooke BS emerged as leading figures. Sichuan University (43 articles), the University of Utah (34), and Yale University (27) were the most productive institutions. By country, China (298 articles) and Japan (198) dominated total output, surpassing the USA (171). Keyword analysis revealed strong emphasis on "treatment outcomes," "risk factors," and "aged ≥80," but frailty-specific terms were underrepresented. Collaboration mapping showed strong Asia-Pacific ties, while US research remained largely domestic.

Conclusions: This is the first bibliometric study to systematically examine global research on vascular interventions in frail elderly patients. Findings demonstrate accelerated growth since 2016, with Asia emerging as a global leader. Despite rising output, gaps remain in standardized frailty assessment and integration of geriatric principles. Future research should prioritize consistent frailty evaluation, sustained collaborations, and clinical trials aligning vascular care with geriatric best practices.

Data retrieval underpins the success of clinical audits, quality improvement initiatives, and research. Over recent decades, healthcare systems have transitioned from manual chart review to electronic patient record (EPR) systems, informatics-driven queries, and now artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted methods. Each stage has brought improvements in scale and efficiency but has also introduced new challenges in accuracy, coding reliability, and access to clinically meaningful detail. This review traces the evolution of data sourcing methods, from manual extraction to digital workflows, examines the balance between structured and unstructured data, and highlights the emerging role of prompt engineering and natural language processing (NLP). By combining insights from literature and clinical practice, it outlines the limitations of current systems and the opportunities that future innovations may provide.

Background: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant vascular disorder. It is characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation, leading to arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and telangiectasias, which can cause chronic or acute bleeding. This report presents the case of a 44-year-old Saudi female with severe recurrent iron deficiency anemia (IDA) of an unknown etiology, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and the importance of a thorough clinical and family history.

Objective: The primary objective of this case study is to present the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and definitive diagnosis of HHT in a patient with recurrent, severe IDA secondary to chronic blood loss. The case emphasizes the classic triad of recurrent epistaxis, a strong family history, and the presence of mucocutaneous telangiectasias as key indicators for this diagnosis.

Methods: A systematic diagnostic approach was undertaken to investigate the underlying cause of the patient's chronic anemia. This included consultations with gastroenterology and hematology, upper and lower endoscopies to exclude occult gastrointestinal bleeding, and specific laboratory tests such as platelet function and von Willebrand factor assays to rule out other hereditary bleeding disorders. A fiber optic nasopharyngoscopy was performed to visualize the nasopharyngeal mucosa. The diagnosis was ultimately confirmed by fulfilling the Curaçao diagnostic criteria for HHT, based on a comprehensive evaluation of her clinical and family history.

Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of considering HHT in the differential diagnosis of patients with severe, chronic iron deficiency anemia, particularly when accompanied by recurrent epistaxis and a positive family history. The successful diagnosis was contingent upon a high index of suspicion and a systematic investigation that fulfilled the established clinical criteria.

The success of FDP is dependent on the interplay between restorative materials, gingiva tissues, and oral biofilm. Chlorhexidine (CHX) has been accepted as the gold standard for chemical plaque control because of its effect on both plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Prosthetic materials' surfaces may be modified when in contact with CHX, which presents higher surface roughness, colour stability loss and more ion release. Thus, this study evaluated the clinical and microbiological effects of CHX on FDPs with metal-ceramic and monolithic zirconia restorations. Thirty participants were enrolled. Both plaque and gingival indices were recorded, and biofilm samples were collected at baseline and after 2 weeks of rinsing with 0.12%CHX mouthrinse. Surface characteristics and mechanical properties of the restoratives were assessed in vitro following CHX exposure using surface roughness measurements, color stability analysis, and standard mechanical testing. The study demonstrated that CHX lowered plaque and microorganism counts. Metal-ceramic restorations showed significant surface changes and reduction in strength, while zirconia retained stable surface roughness values and mechanical integrity. These results suggest that zirconia is more chemically stable in CHX than metal ceramic restorations.

High fructose intake disrupts metabolic homeostasis, leading to neuronal dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of glibenclamide on hippocampal and basolateral amygdala neurons in rats subjected to chronic fructose consumption. Male albino rats were divided into three groups: (I) a Control group (standard drinking water for 6 weeks, n=5), (II) a Fructose group (20% fructose solution for 6 weeks, n=5), and (III) a Fructose + Glibenclamide group (20% fructose solution with glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg orally during weeks 3-6, n=5). Neuronal activity was recorded in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and responses were classified as tetanic depression-posttetanic depression (TD-PTD), tetanic depression-posttetanic potentiation (TD-PTP), or tetanic potentiation-posttetanic potentiation (TP-PTP). The high-fructose diet induced progressive hyperglycemia and suppressed background spike activity. Glibenclamide normalized firing rates and shifted the distribution of synaptic responses toward a predominance of inhibition. Reduced tetanic potentiation observed in fructose-fed rats was enhanced by glibenclamide, while tetanic depression was significantly increased. These findings demonstrate that glibenclamide modulates the excitation-inhibition balance in hippocampal and amygdala networks under metabolic stress, suggesting its therapeutic potential in preventing neurodegenerative complications associated with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains the most common oral malignancy, with prognosis strongly dependent on stage at diagnosis. Early-stage detection is linked to significantly better survival and reduced recurrence risk. This review synthesizes recent clinical evidence to support early diagnosis and structured follow-up in OSCC.

Methods: A structured literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2019-2025) to identify English-language clinical studies reporting stage-stratified overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence patterns in OSCC. Included studies were case series, retrospective or prospective cohorts, and clinical trials. Data were extracted and summarized in tables describing survival by stage and recurrence features.

Results: Earlier stages consistently showed better survival outcomes, with 5-year OS and DSS rates highest in stage I-II cancers. Depth of invasion (DOI) emerged as a critical prognostic factor linked to upstaging and nodal metastasis. Recurrence was most frequent within the first two years post-treatment, especially among patients with high-stage tumors, nodal involvement, or positive margins. Structured follow-up and early intervention strategies were shown to improve outcomes.

Conclusions: Early detection remains the cornerstone of improving OSCC outcomes. Clinicians should adopt standardized pathways including risk assessment, clinical examination, biopsy of suspicious lesions, selective use of adjunctive tools, and DOI-based staging to enable earlier diagnosis and effective surveillance.

This is a case presentation of a 3-year-old girl child suffering from recurrent episodes of itchy, erythematous plaques mainly on extremities relapsing to standard antihistamine drug that was prescribed after each episode. A diagnosis of Chronic urticaria (CU) was made as the duration of symptoms presentation was for past 2 months. An extensive workup was planned initially with general examination and routine blood tests which did not reveal anything significant. Allergy tests found slight sensitization to cow milk and epithelium. But the total Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) E and eosinophils were dramatically elevated. A simple repeated stool analysis exposed the presence of Ascariasis lumbricoides. The patient was started on anthelmintic drug albendazole and follow-up in one month and three months showed total symptom relief with no relapse. Total serum IgE and eosinophils progressively declined reaching baseline values after three months and Total serum IgE and eosinophils progressively declined simultaneously with negative workup for A. lumbricoides in stool. This case strongly links CU to parasitic infestation especially A. lumbricoides which in literature has been demonstrated to be prevalent in CU patients but has not been elicited as direct cause. It should also be noted that our case forms a guide for physicians to evaluate such parasites as a strong association for CU and aim for curative intent with anthelmintic drug as CU can sometimes present with fatal angioedema and can also be distressing for the patient given the poor quality of life. This is especially true for paediatric population where GI parasitic infestations are more commonly found and also the asymptomatic nature of this infestation should be considered. This should also form the basis of future research to look for complete remission in a large-scale population and establish causality to lay down clinical guidelines.

Background: Diabetes mellitus remains a major public health challenge globally, and Saudi Arabia is among the countries with high type 2 diabetes prevalence. Although screening initiatives exist, delayed diagnosis persists, suggesting barriers to early detection.

Objective: To identify individual, sociocultural, and healthcare-system factors associated with low uptake of early diabetes screening in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of adults in Saudi Arabia (n=881) using a standardized self-administered Arabic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and responses. Chi-square tests examined associations between sociodemographic variables and awareness/screening behaviors, and multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of screening participation.

Results: Participants were predominantly female (61.3%), with the largest age groups 18-24 and 35-44 years (26.8% each); 71.7% reported no health insurance. While 86.7% reported awareness of early diabetes symptoms, 53.1% had never monitored blood glucose and only 17.5% reported screening participation. Barrier analysis was based on respondents who completed the barrier items (n=753); the most commonly reported barriers were absence of symptoms (66.3%), lack of time (24.3%), and fear of diagnosis (18.5%). In regression analysis, screening participation was independently associated with male gender (OR=1.47, p=0.037), awareness of symptoms (OR=2.61, p<0.001), family history of diabetes (OR=1.54, p=0.031), health insurance (OR=1.83, p=0.002), older age (≥35 years), and higher educational attainment.

Conclusion: Despite high symptom awareness, screening participation remains low-largely driven by the misconception that screening is unnecessary without symptoms, alongside time constraints and fear. Strengthening early detection will require culturally tailored preventive-health messaging, easier access to screening, and targeted digital interventions (e.g., risk-tailored reminders and proactive outreach), aligning with Saudi Vision 2030 priorities.

Background and objectives: Obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries (OALEA) is a major cause of morbidity and disability, requiring not only pharmacological and surgical treatment but also structured rehabilitation. Despite international guidelines emphasizing supervised rehabilitation as a key element of care, little is known about physicians' perspectives on its accessibility and quality in Kazakhstan. Aim to evaluate physicians' educational needs, practices, and perceived barriers to rehabilitation in OALEA.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 217 physicians who met the inclusion criteria and completed a structured questionnaire. Respondents included general practitioners (75.1%, N=163), surgeons (17.1%, N=37), and vascular surgeons (7.8%, N=17). Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed, with chi-square tests applied to assess differences between groups.

Results: The majority of respondents were female (67.7%) with a mean age of 38±11.1 years. Significant associations were observed between specialty and work experience (p=0.05), as well as between specialty and medical category (p = 0.001). Most physicians reported professional development once every five years, while one-third trained annually. General practitioners demonstrated the highest engagement in conferences (52.8%), whereas vascular surgeons preferred advanced courses (70.6%) (p=0.027; p=0.03). Barriers included lack of time among general practitioners (73.6%) and financial constraints among surgeons (54.1%) and vascular surgeons (58.8%) (p<0.001). Patient-related barriers were also identified: low adherence (47.2%), harmful habits (47.1%), and poor organization of rehabilitation (up to 58.8%). Almost all physicians (92-100%) supported the creation of vascular schools for patient education.

Conclusion: Physicians in Kazakhstan recognize the importance of rehabilitation in OALEA but face systemic and patient-level barriers that limit its implementation. Expanding supervised rehabilitation programs, introducing vascular schools, and enhancing physician training could significantly improve outcomes. Alignment with international standards should be prioritized in national healthcare strategies.