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The metabolic syndrome as a consequence of the obesity pandemic resulted in a substantial increase in the prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty live disease (MAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Because of the similarity in pathobiology shared between T2DM and MAFLD, both disorders coexist in many patients and may potentiate the disease-related outcomes with rapid progression and increased complications of the individual diseases. In fact, awareness about this coexistence and the risk of complications are often overlooked by both hepatologists and diabetologists. Management of these individual disorders in a patient should be addressed wholistically using an appropriate multidisciplinary team approach involving both the specialists and, when necessary, liaising with dieticians and surgeons. This comprehensive review is to compile the current evidence from a diabetologist's perspective on MAFLD and T2DM and to suggest optimal management strategies.

Background: Fluoroquinolones are used for the complex treatment of mono-, poly-, and multi-resistant Tuberculosis (TB) and are the most efficient among resistant TB treatment drugs. Disease caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant TB strains, especially pre-extensive TB (pre-XDR) and extensive (XDR) forms are extremely hard to manage, and treatment efficacy is quite low. With the revitalization and extension of resistant TB drugs, one of the main research domains is to study resistance inhibitors aimed at restoring the efficacy of main and priority anti-TB medications. The antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against resistant strains responsible for various infectious diseases are supported by extensive experimental data. There are a few publications regarding the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles on resistance inhibition of TB strains, however, its action on fluoroquinolone-resistant TB strains is unexplored.

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the in vitro restoration of the anti-TB efficacy of Moxifloxacin (Mfx) using AgNPs.

Methods: Nanocomposite- standard dose of Mfx and 20 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) suspension solution of 6 different concentrations: 0.25%; 0.5%; 1%; 2.5%; 5% and 10%, were supplemented to 70 moxifloxacin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The control arm consisted of 70 fluoroquinolone (Mfx)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (FQ/ R-MTB) isolates and AgNPs suspension with identical concentrations. The inhibitory effect of nanocomposites was evaluated by MTB growth rate using the BACTECTM MGIT 960TM.

Results: The suppression process of AgNPs on FQ/R-MTB isolates started with 2,5% nanocomposite solution application and full suppression was achieved in 5% and 10% nanocomposite solutions. A standard dose of Mfx and a 2.5% solution of AgNPs increased the minimal inhibitory effect on FQ/R-MTB by 10% (total 85%) vs the isolated use of a 2.5% solution of AgNPs (75%). A similar trend was noted in both FQ/R-MTB cohorts (rifampicin-susceptible; rifampicin-resistant).

Conclusion: The in vitro study of the effectiveness of using AgNPs and Mfx nanocomposite on FQ/R-MTB isolates proves the potentiating effect of AgNPs at a standard dose of Mfx, overcoming the drug resistance of the pathogen, which lays the groundwork for further scientific research in this area and creating a nanocomposite that is safe for humans, which will make a significant contribution to improving the control of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis, especially, pre-XDR TB.

Background: The type of the graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is still argument which one is the best regarding hamstring or bone tendon bone graft. Peroneus longus (PL) tendon is emerging good alternative choice in such type of surgery.

Methods: Study done on 30 patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using PL graft and evaluated after 2 years with lysholm knee score and American orthopedic foot and ankle disability index.

Results: Two year of surgery, the result 86-95% (good to excellent) in 22 cases (73.3%), 6 (20%) patients with 80-85% (fair to good), and 2 (6.6%) cases with 70% (poor) score without any new insult on the knee. American foot and ankle score was 100 in all 28 patients (93.3) and 96 only in 2 cases (6.6%).

Conclusion: Good size of the graft and low donor site morbidity as well as good functional outcome may make the PL graft is a favorable graft choice in ACLR.

Currently, much is known about the causative agent of Covid-19. The situation with the spread of a new coronavirus infection is under control. Preventive measures against this disease have been developed and are being actively implemented. Despite this, the scientific search for the study of Covid-19 continues. In particular, the problem of early diagnosis of this disease using routine research methods is relevant. Since not every medical institution has the opportunity to conduct an expensive examination of the patient during his initial treatment. In this regard, in the presented work, the authors systematized the data of indicators of general and biochemical blood analysis. 151 people were included in the study. All the people lived in the territory of Tyumen. Depending on the presence of Covid-19 and vaccination against the new coronavirus infection, patients were divided into four groups. Research on such a design is being carried out for the first time. The results obtained were processed using the SPSS 21 computer program. Statistical processing was performed using the Student's t-test. The normal distribution or the Gaussian curve. The values at p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. In the course of the study, the results were obtained, which, in general, do not contradict the literature data. However, it is noteworthy that in patients who underwent Covid-19, the neutrophil content in the general blood test was significantly higher, and the cholesterol level in the biochemical blood test, on the contrary, was significantly lower in comparison with patients of other groups. A similar result has not been described in the literature before. In the future, it is planned to carry out statistical processing of the available data using multivariate analysis. The results of this study may be useful to doctors, senior students of medical educational institutions, since when managing a patient, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of his catamnesis.

Introduction: One of the most adverse chemical factors of the outdoor environment is pesticides entering the organism of newborns via mother's breast milk, and also receive a pesticide load through a polluted environment. The heavy demonstration of pesticides impact on the brain is violation of autonomic regulation mechanisms of newborns' cardiac rhythm. The purpose of the study is early detection of violation of autonomic regulation mechanisms of cardiac function of children with perinatal hypoxia in the region of hexachlorocyclohexane use in cotton planting.

Material and methods: The hygienic state of the environment of the cotton planting region has been studied by means of measurement of pollution level of the atmospheric air, water and soil with pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane, the concentration of which was in 7,55-9,38 more than their maximum permissible concentration (MPC). 148 children took part in the study who were treated in neonatal center of Turkestan Regional Children's Clinical Hospital in Shymkent city. 30 infants without any signs of hypoxic-ischemic syndrome were assigned to the comparison group (I group). 118 children with signs of hypoxic-ischemic central nervous system injury were included in the study group and were divided into 1 and 2 subgroups. Among them 85 children with detected hypoxic-ischemic central nervous system injury of I-II degree were included in the 1st subgroup, and 33 children with cerebral hypoxic-haemorrhagic central nervous system damage of III degree in the 2nd subgroup. The study has been carried out by means of Holter monitoring using instrumental-software system "Kardiotechnika-4000" within 15-38 days of infants' lives.

Results: Advanced complex of QRS prevails in infants who underwent a heavy perinatal hypoxia. Changes in this electrocardiogram are one of the most unfavorable heart changes and is indicative of bioelectric myocardium instability. Using a program to compare short records of cardiac rhythm, the average daily value of the indicator was calculated. The use of such method enables elimination of such impact of long-term malignant causes in the spectrum. The analysis of heart vegetative reaction conducted among infants of 15-22-day age demonstrated decrease of parasympathetic impact on heart rate of I group infants, and activity of sympathetic segment of vegetative nervous system was unchanged. So, the decrease of parasympathetic impact on heart rate of infants in the study groups was observed in the result of Holter monitoring, but the absence of changes of sympathetic effect in general. It was reflected by the increase of the value of vagosympathetic index (LF/HF), similarly to this disease suggesting low evidence of respiratory sinusal arrhythmia.

This study investigates the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms behind decision-making under stress in competitive sports, focusing on how the development of decision-making skills enhances stress resilience and improves athletic performance. The research examines how high-pressure environments affect athletes' ability to make quick decisions and explores effective training methods, including video-based feedback and virtual reality simulations. The study draws on cognitive-behavioral, neurobiological, and ecological models to analyze key findings from empirical research. Results indicate that targeted cognitive training, particularly through video simulation and virtual reality, significantly improves decision-making abilities under stress, enhancing emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility. These improvements are crucial for athletes in maintaining high performance under pressure. The research concludes that integrating decision-making training into sports preparation not only boosts immediate competitive results but also strengthens long-term stress resilience and mental health.

Diabetes mellitus is a well-known predisposing factor for oral diseases.

Aim: To evaluate dental caries and periodontal status of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Materials and methods: Eighty children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (age 10-15 years) have received a comprehensive oral health examination, that included the DMFT index for permanent teeth, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR). P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: HbA1c values indicated poor metabolic control of diabetes in children, which also adversely affected their oral health (9.45±2.87). The mean DMFT index in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus was notably higher at 6.56±3.56. Similarly, the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were significantly higher (2.04±0.39/1.18±0.63). In contrast, the stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) was observed to be lower (0.86±0.16). There was significant positive correlation between DMFT index and PI (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Children with T1DM exhibit poor oral health conditions related to the level of metabolic control. Maintenance of toothbrushing habits and regular dental check-ups recommended to manage and prevent these complications. Additionally, proper management of metabolic control can also help mitigate the adverse effects on oral health.

Background: Depression is a mental disorder characterized by a persistent and long-lasting depressive mood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression among university students in China and to provide guidance for psychological intervention and improvement of depression among this specific population.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, CNKI, Wang-fang database, and Web of Science to identify relevant articles. The articles were cross-sectional studies focusing on the prevalence of depression among university students in China, with clearly defined criteria for diagnosing depression included. Excel was used independently and in duplicate to perform the screening process that involved title, abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias. The standards recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used to evaluate the quality of observational studies.

Results: STATA 11.0 was used to pool the outcomes and perform meta-analysis, including the prevalence of depression among university students and influential factors such as sex, major, region, and the impact of COVID-19.

Conclusion: Practical psychological interventions are needed in universities in China. Continuously attention is suggested to be paid to Chinese university students' mental health, especially after public health event such as COVID-19.

Yucca gloriosa leaves contain a considerable number of steroid glycosides. In the plant's intact leaves, the biosynthesis of furostanol glycosides occurs, which are then converted into spirostanol glycosides by the action of β-glucosidase. Two forms of β-glucosidase are found in Yucca gloriosa leaves. Form I (molecular weight 32,000) hydrolyzes both oligofurostanosides, converting them into the corresponding oligospirostanosides, as well as the synthetic substrate 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. Form II (molecular weight 68,000) hydrolyzes only 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and does not cleave oligofurostanosides. Both enzymes have an optimum temperature of 37°C and an optimum pH of 6.3-6.5. Glucono-1,5-lactone inhibited the activity of both enzymes. The β-glucosidase of Form I shows higher affinity for its natural substrates than for the synthetic ones. The Km value for the β-glucosidase of Form I is 7.7 mM in relation to the total oligofurostanosides of the leaves of Yucca gloriosa, and 18.3 mM in relation to the synthetic substrate. The affinity for the natural substrates is higher than for the synthetic ones. The data received allow us to conclude that the affinity of Form I β-glucosidase from Yucca gloriosa leaves does not depend on either the structure of the oligosaccharide fragment linked to the nucleus or the structure of the aglycone (of steroid origin).

The aim of the study was the clinical study of the framework ability of the PRF scaffold obtained by simultaneous centrifugation of the patient's blood and bone-plastic material.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients, aged between 20 and 50 years, with radicular cysts of the jaws, were selected for inclusion into the clinical studies. All patients were divided into groups I and II, who underwent cystectomy and bone plastic surgery according to the standard technique using mineralized CenoBone®. However, group II used a scaffold prepared according to the protocol developed by us (patent №136410 and patent №156181) using a titanium Ti-6Al-4V filter developed by us (patent № 152966).

Results: The results of the aforementioned postoperative radiological examinations confirm the efficacy of the filter, and the technique devised by our research team, which enables the creation of a stable fibrin matrix with embedded granules of bone-plastic material. The efficacy of the treatment was evidenced by the simultaneous uniform regeneration of bone tissue across the entire thickness of the defect in group II, with a success rate of 86.66%. This is evidenced by the organized architecture of bone tissue with a pronounced trabecular pattern, which correlated with bone density indices from 715.18+14.33 to 652.42+27.34 HU. In this group of patients, these values corresponded to the intact bone. In contrast, in 22 (77.08%) patients of group I, the predominant bone structure was compact, with values ranging from 965.47+21.25 to 876.26+24.67 HU. This observation is believed to be attributed to the presence of unresorbed material granules, which form a compact framework for bone germination. Nevertheless, among the 22 patients in group I, only 13 (59.09%) exhibited complete restoration of the defect, while the remaining 9 (40.91%) displayed indications of merely peripheral bone restoration, characterized by a pronounced granular pattern in the centre.

Conclusions: The stable combined fibrin scaffold obtained by us, has a pronounced osteoconductive and osteoinductive effect, which is reflected in the complete restoration of bone tissue throughout the thickness of the defect.