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Transglutaminase 1 catalyzes the creation of covalent bonds between proteins, play an essential role in various biological processes and industrial applications. The study aims to isolate and purify transglutaminase 1 from the blood serum of healthy individuals using numerous biochemical techniques. TGMs 1 are isolated and purified from the blood serum of healthy volunteers samples who were not smokers and had not taken any medications at the time of the sample collection. The results show that these techniques included precipitation with 65% ammonium sulfate, dialysis, and negative ion exchange chromatography, successfully separating a single prominent band with high activity using DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme activity recovery was estimated at approximately 33.01%. Subsequently, gel filtration using Sephadex G-100 revealed a single fraction with high TGM 1 activity. This fraction exhibited a purification factor of 9.09, with an estimated recovery of enzyme activity of around 29.6%. The isolated and purified TGM 1's approximate molecular weight was around 73,115 Daltons, as assessed through gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-100. The study indicated that the optimal conditions for the isolated and partially purified TGM 1 enzyme were a pH of 6.4 and a temperature of 37°C, using a concentration of 0.5 mmol/L of the substrate tetramethylbenzidine. The results indicated that purified TGM1 may be an alternative to other sources.

Objective: To investigate the current vision status and health trend of computer science students at a certain university, and to compare the effects of exercise and painting on the prevention of myopia and the improvement of visual health.

Methods: The study involved testing and recording the vision of students from the 2020, 2021, and 2022 cohorts upon their entry to the university, analysing the changes in vision of the 2020 cohort students over three consecutive years, and recording the vision of students from the 2021 cohort who participated in basketball, table tennis, roller skating, and painting interest classes as well as non-interest classes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 software, with the chi-square (χ2) test and chi-square trend test used for intergroup comparisons.

Results: The rate of poor vision among new students showed an increasing trend over three consecutive years, at 84.72%, 87.22%, and 89.12%, respectively. The vision development of the 2020 cohort students showed a significant downward trend over three academic years (χ2 trend=16.829, P=0.000). After interventions involving exercise and painting, there was a significant difference in vision between students in the interest classes and those in the non-interest classes (χ2=11.429, P=0.010), with students in the interest classes showing noticeable improvements in visual health.

Conclusion: The rate of poor vision among computer science students at a certain university is on the rise. However, through interventions involving exercise and painting, students' visual health has significantly improved, and the rate of vision decline has been effectively slowed.

The study aims to investigate the Isolation, Characterization & Antihypertensive Life of Natural Alkaloids out of certain Selected Plants. The Alstonia scholaris papers used in this study are generally available in the tropics and can be obtained in Asia. The plant sample was verified by the pharmacognosy and pharmacology department. The powdered leaves of Alstonia scholaris (500 gm) are macerated using 1% HCl (pH 2) at space temperature overnight. After that, the combination was produced alkaline by putting 25% NH4OH solution (pH 9). The combination's color changed from the red wine to the black. The alkaline mixture was then bounced satisfactorily and purified using Whatman filter paper. Four fractions (15-19) were collected from column chromatography. All the fractions have shown the same Rf value in the TLC fingerprint, therefore they are incorporated established on TLC analysis generated in Hexane: Ethyl acetate (14:6). Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, i.e. N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester was used to produce hypertension in rats in (40 mg/ml/kg, i.p.). Every day, it is solubilized in 0.9 per cent NaCl solution. Colourless powder compound was obtained (yield 0.4%) and having MP 132-1340 C. Rf value in (Hexane: Ethyl acetate,65:35) at 0.55, UV-Vis λmax in methanol: (nm) 297, IR (KBr), m 913 (N-H bending), 1260 (C-N Stretching), 1396 (C-N), 1165, 1259 (-C-O- stretching) 1396, 1464 (C=C, Ar.), 2831, 2928 (C-H, Aliphatic) and 3564, 3315 (N-H Stretching). The 1H NMR spectrum also portrayed the distinctive peaks for various chemical compounds. The peak of 7.28-8.85 ppm was due to multiple aromatic protons. The 6.94-7.04 ppm peaks were characteristic of ethylene amino protons, and the 1.57-2 ppm peaks were allocated to alcohol protons. L-NAME significantly elevated MABP, SBP, and DBP in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats but not HR. The mean arterial blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of pentobarbital-anaesthetized L-NAME caused hypertensive rats do not alter after a single intragastric injection of the isolated alkaloid. Finally, isolated alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris supplement had antihypertensive properties in hypertensive rats.

Professional burnout is a significant issue in healthcare, particularly among primary healthcare (PHC) workers. This study aims to assess the prevalence and contributing factors to professional burnout among PHC workers in Kazakhstan, a country undergoing healthcare reforms and the implementation of new medical care standards.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2021 to 2023 across 324 medical organizations in Kazakhstan, including 232 organizations in 2021, 76 in 2022, and 16 in 2023. The study involved 10,459 participants: 2,595 doctors, 5,612 nurses, and 2,252 healthcare managers. Data were collected using a shortened version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire, assessing emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal achievement (PA). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22, employing binary logistic regression to evaluate the impact of various factors on burnout indicators.

Results: The study found that young PHC workers aged 18-39 exhibited the highest levels of emotional exhaustion, with mean EE scores of 3.81±0.45 for doctors, 3.72±0.44 for nurses, and 3.72±0.44 for managers. In contrast, workers over 60 years old reported lower EE levels: 3.28±0.40 for doctors, 3.30±0.40 for nurses, and 3.38±0.41 for managers. Female PHC workers demonstrated lower risks of EE (OR=0.80, 95% CI [0.66, 0.97], p=0.022) and DP (OR=0.79, 95% CI [0.65, 0.96], p=0.025) compared to males, but also reported lower PA levels (OR=0.81, 95% CI [0.67, 0.99], p=0.027). Additionally, managers with postgraduate education had higher risks of EE (OR=1.25, 95% CI [1.05, 1.50], p=0.015), DP (OR=1.28, 95% CI [1.06, 1.54], p=0.013), and PA (OR=1.34, 95% CI [1.10, 1.63], p=0.015). Regional differences were also significant, with the highest PA levels observed in the Turkestan region (OR=1.4, 95% CI [1.14, 1.71], p=0.011), and the highest EE levels in Pavlodar (OR=1.33, 95% CI [1.11, 1.60], p=0.010).

Conclusions: The findings highlight significant variability in burnout levels among PHC workers in Kazakhstan, influenced by age, gender, education level, work experience, and geographic region. Younger workers and those with less experience are at higher risk of burnout, while regional disparities suggest the need for tailored interventions. Addressing these factors is crucial to improving job satisfaction and mental well-being among PHC workers in Kazakhstan.

The study efforts on evaluating the effectiveness, complications, and advancements in endovascular interventions such as angioplasty, stenting, embolization, and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) across various patient groups and vascular diseases.

Methods: Patients undergoing endovascular procedures were meticulously prepared with detailed history, physical examinations, and relevant investigations. Procedures were conducted in dedicated areas like the Cath Lab and hybrid operation rooms equipped with fluoroscopic imaging systems. Interventions included balloon angioplasty, stent insertion, embolization, and EVAR. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of the interventions.

Results: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Out of 941 cases, 62.5% were male and 91% were over 40 years old. Femoral artery (25.8%) and below-the-knee (38%) were common lesion sites. Balloon angioplasty was used in 77.7% of cases, with a 73.7% success rate. Complications were minimal, with 96.3% reporting none. Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Repair: Among 29 patients, 86.2% were male, and 89.7% had abdominal aortic aneurysms. EVAR was performed in 86.2% of cases, with a 96.6% success rate and minimal complications (6.9% wound infection). Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): In 16 cases, 75% of treatments were effective, with 93.75% experiencing no complications. Venous Hypertension in CKD Patients on Dialysis: All 18 patients were aged 46-65. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 38.89% of cases, with 44.44% success rate and no complications. Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS): In 23 patients, coil embolization was used, achieving 100% success with no complications. Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM): Out of 23 cases, 87% were successfully treated with embolization, and 13% were referred for surgery. Arterial Aneurysms: Three cases of aneurysms in different arteries were successfully treated with stent-grafts, with no complications. Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS): All three cases were treated successfully with balloon angioplasty, with no complications.

Conclusion: Over two years, endovascular interventions at our center demonstrated significant advancements and high success rates with minimal complications. The study underscores the efficacy and safety of these techniques in treating a variety of vascular conditions, highlighting the potential for improved patient outcomes and recovery. Continuous advancements in endovascular technology and techniques promise further enhancements in the management of complex vascular diseases.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the major medical problems in the world. For almost forty years, it has had catastrophic effects on the body of infected people with variable pathogenesis of mortality. The purpose of the work is to analyse the importance of psychological assistance for the social adaptation of HIV-infected patients.

Materials and methods: The empirical basis of the study was the analysis of 30 medical records of inpatients. The majority were patients of working age, namely 25 people (83.3%), while the average age of the patients was (28.5±5.5) years old. During the study, patients were divided into groups depending on the receipt of psychological help, psychoemotional disorders, and signs of social maladjustment.

Results: The first group of patients consisted of 10 (33.3%) patients who refused psychological help. The second group, namely 20 (66.7%) patients, consisted of patients who received psychological help immediately after the diagnosis of HIV infection and had milder disorders. During the research, a set of methods was used: clinical and anamnestic method; to assess the presence of depression in patients, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used; the Spielberger-Khanin anxiety questionnaire was used to determine the level of anxiety in patients; patients' adherence to treatment was determined using the Morisky-Goin compliance assessment scale.

Conclusions: The issue of adaptation of HIV-infected patients in society is a significant problem caused by the low level of awareness of HIV infection and the ways of its transmission. The obtained results indicate the need for psychological assistance to HIV-infected persons at every stage, both at the time of the announcement of the diagnosis (prevention of the development of depression, suicidal intentions), and during drug treatment (debriefing of the methodology, creation of peer-to-peer support groups), thanks to which the social adaptation of patients and the effectiveness of medical treatment are accelerated.

The aim of the article is to study the role of information and communication technologies, in particular mass media and social media, in shaping the legal regulation of biomedical activities.

Materials and methods: The empirical basis of the study is formed by the literary sources of Ukrainian and international scholars, Ukrainian and foreign legislation, as well as materials from media websites and social networks. The article uses general theoretical and special methods of scientific cognition: theoretical analysis, systemic and structural, analysis and synthesis, sociological and statistical, logical and semantic, comparative and legal, method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, forecasting and generalization.

Results: The concept of biomedical technologies and the need to develop new or improve existing legal regulation in the specified area are examined in the article. The role of mass media in informing the population about biomedical issues is analyzed, which allows for its public discussion and reflects the attitude of society towards certain biomedical technologies, which in turn affects the direction of their state regulation. Emphasis is placed on the expanding influence of social media and their ability to enhance the interaction of public authorities with the public, which is an advantage for research on public attitudes in the field of biomedicine. The increase in the amount of media content related to the process of biomedicalization is emphasized. Specific cases of the influence of public discussions of biomedical technologies in social media on the development and introduction of changes to legislation are given.

Conclusions: Conclusions are drawn about the importance of the role of the media in informing the public about the main scientific discoveries in the field of biomedical technologies, as well as in reflecting their public perception or rejection, which forms the vector of public policy in the relevant rulemaking activities.

Active vitamin D-1.25OHD (1,25Dihydroxyvitamin D, calcitriol) in the endometrium of women with endometriosis seems to be enhanced compared to healthy controls. Evidence is insufficient on how this process reflects vitamin D metabolites-25OHD (25 Hydroxyvitamin D, calcifediol), 1.25OHD, and calcium blood concentrations.

Aim: Determination of vitamin D's significance in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by analyzing the levels of 25OHD, 1.25OHD, and calcium in patients with endometriosis before and after laparoscopic treatment.

Materials and methods: This study is an anterograde comparative analysis, that investigates the variation of vitamin D metabolite and calcium levels between the preoperative assessment and the subsequent measurement following surgical treatment of endometriosis. Results before the intervention were also compared to the healthy control group. Levels of 25OHD,1.25OHD, and calcium before required surgical treatment and 3 months post-laparoscopy were measured. Data analyses were made using IBM SPSS 27.

Results: Women with endometriosis have significantly lower mean 25OHD (p-0.002) and a higher 1.25OHD (p<0.001) and total calcium levels (p-0.03) compared to controls. The endometriosis stage and size of endometrioma negatively correlate with 25OHD levels (p<0.001). After surgical removal of endometriotic lesions, 1.25OHD, and calcium showed a significant decrease whereas 25OHD blood concentrations increased statistically significantly.

Conclusion: Women with endometriosis have a lower 25OHD, a higher 1.25OHD, and total calcium levels in the bloodstream compared to the control group. Usually, a low concentration of 25OHD is characterized by low/normal 1.25OHD and hypocalcemia. Hypercalcemia in the study group may be attributed to increased levels of active vitamin D- 1.25OHD, which seems to be the result of a higher conversion rate of 25OHD to 1.25OHD in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. Removal of endometriotic heterotopies was followed by significant changes, which could indicate that the levels of vitamin D metabolites have been influenced by endometriosis. It is reasonable to conclude, that diminished levels of 25OHD might be interpreted as an outcome of a high demand in endometriosis, instead of a risk factor.

The proposed scientific article discusses the results of evaluating the medical and social effectiveness of innovative high-tech cardiac surgery for patients who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction. It was established that the inpatient mortality rate of patients who did not receive innovative high-tech cardiac surgery is significantly higher than in those patients who received it. These differences are particularly noticeable when comparing data among the elderly.

Material and methods: A comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of implementing high-tech medical services in the field of cardiovascular system includes an analysis of medical and statistical, sociological methods, financial and economic, organizational and managerial methods, as well as an assessment of the level of application of relevant regulations.

Results: The results of a study using a logarithmic test showed that stenting of coronary vessels and aorta-coronary bypass surgery significantly reduce hospital mortality in patients with myocardial infarction in all age groups. The hospital mortality rate among patients of the main (who have received HTMC) age group was 0.96%, and among patients of the control (who haven't received HTMC) group - 11.84% (p=0.002). There was no significant reduction in mortality among the group of old patients (p=0.779). Thus, the largest difference in hospital mortality between the main and control groups was found only in elderly patients, p=0.002.

Conclusion: the effectiveness of the achieved success depends not only on the introduction of innovative technology, but also on the availability of highly qualified cardiac surgeons and basic medical material and technical resources.

Kidney stones are a common disorder that affects men and women. Stones are hard, abnormal deposits that form inside the kidneys. They are also known as kidney stones or urinary stones. The incidence of kidney stones has increased significantly, and their prevalence is increasing worldwide. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a biochemical variable that plays an important regulatory role in predicting various kidney diseases. KIM-1 also known as HAVcr-1, and TIM-1 is a sensitive and specific biomarker for kidney injury due to its great importance. United States of America, Food and Drug Administration, and European Medicines Agency have adopted KIM-1 as a biomarker in urine to detect kidney injuries.