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The influence of oxytocin on spontaneous electrical activity of the ovarian horn areas as well as the uterine corpus has been studied. Analysis of the main characteristics of activity parameters (amplitude of action potentials, spike generation frequency and total duration of bursts in 1 minute time frame) revealed some notable differences between above mentioned areas. In norm, the highest values of automatism indicators were noted for the left horn. Oxytocin, however, significantly enhances all three parameters. Under its influence, the indicators of the right horn predominate over the values of their own norm, thus emerging among all rhythmogenic loci. Perhaps oxytocin contributes to the activation not only of both fallopian tubes but also of the uterine corpus itself, facilitating the regulation of activity in all three areas.

Steatotic liver disease (SLD) includes a spectrum of liver situations together with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), representing a growing global health. The current gold standard for diagnosing SLD is a liver biopsy, which, despite its accuracy, is invasive, highly- expensive, and carries the risk of headaches. Other imaging techniques and traditional liver feature assessments fall short of accurately diagnosing and staging SLD. Consequently, there's an urgent need for non-invasive biomarkers that can appropriately diagnose, stage, and prognosticate SLD.

Objectives: To evaluate the ranges of pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and the triglyceride-glucose (TYG) index, compare those markers among ALD, MASLD, and wholesome controls along liver enzymes, and compare their diagnostic application in distinguishing ALD from MASLD.

Materials and methods: A case-management study was carried out inside the Digestive System and Liver Department of the Medical City in Baghdad from November 2023 to January 2024. The study covered 124 participants: 20 with ALD, 50 with MASLD, and fifty-four healthy controls. Serum degrees of alanine transaminase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), PTX3, TYG index, and diverse lipid profiles have been measured.

Results: The effects show huge variations among ALD and MASLD in terms of liver enzymes, PTX3, TYG index, and lipid profiles. Elevated PTX3 and TYG index tiers in ALD endorse improved irritation and lipid metabolism abnormalities, differentiating it from MASLD.

Conclusion: PTX-3 and the TyG index come to be promising non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing and distinguishing ALD and MASLD from wholesome controls.

The relationship between follicle size, oocyte quality, and blastocyst ploidy is not fully established. This question becomes especially important for poor responders and older reproductive age women, where optimal follicle size and oocyte quantity cannot always be achieved during ovarian stimulation. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between follicle size, oocyte maturation, blastocyst formation, blastocyst ploidy, and pregnancy outcomes in young women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Materials and methods: The study involved 32 oocyte donors aged 19 to 35. For ovarian stimulation, a protocol with GnRH-antagonists was used, employing downregulation with oral contraceptives. The ovulation trigger was administered when 20% of follicles reached 18 mm. Aspiration was performed 35 hours after the ovulation trigger was administered. Follicle size was measured immediately before the aspiration needle was inserted and follicle fluid was aspirated; data (follicle size and oocyte from this follicle) were recorded individually by the embryologist. The resulting blastocysts underwent preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) using NGS. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed by biochemical indicators, miscarriages, and live births.

Results: Out of 555 measured follicles, 508 oocytes were obtained (91.5%). The number of mature oocytes (MII) was 411 (80.9%), and there were 97 immature oocytes (19.2%). Out of the 97 immature oocytes, 51 were germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (10.04%), and 46 (9.06%) were MI oocytes without a polar body. Follicles were divided into four groups based on size: Group I - <15 mm, Group II - 15-18 mm, Group III - 18-20 mm, Group IV - >20 mm. There were significantly more mature oocytes in the second, third, and fourth groups compared to the first, indicating that follicle size has a substantial impact on retrieving MII oocytes (p<0.0001). Especially high number of mature oocytes were observed in the second and third groups. Fertilization and blastocyst formation from oocytes obtained from larger follicles were higher than from smaller follicles (p<0.0001). The frequency of obtaining euploid blastocysts did not significantly differ between the groups, and no significant relationship was found between follicle size and the formation of euploid blastocysts. Women who underwent genetic testing of embryos and transferred euploid embryos had significantly lower rates of biochemical pregnancy and miscarriages, as well as significantly higher live birth rates compared to those who did not undergo genetic testing of embryos.

Conclusion: Oocyte maturation, fertilization, and blastocyst formation depend on follicle size. However, follicle size is not an indicator of blastocyst euploidy. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) significantly increases pregnancy success and live birth rates while reducing miscarriage rates.

Paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats is a well-studied model for liver damage. The present study investigates the morphological changes in hepatic blood vessels and the protective effects of hydroponically grown Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) pretreatment in rats with paracetamol-induced liver damage. The results indicate significant alterations in vascular morphology and liver enzyme levels, specifically alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which serve as indicators of hepatotoxicity. The findings suggest that hydroponic Radish may mitigate the adverse effects of paracetamol on liver health, highlighting the importance of dietary components in preventing micronutrient deficiencies and promoting overall health.

Beta-thalassemia major is a genetic disease characterized by formation of little or no beta-globin chain, leading to premature death of red blood cells and hence to ineffective erythropoiesis. Aim of this study to evaluate Protein C and Protein S in patient with beta-thalassemia major and its correlation with haemoglobin, serum ferritin, D. dimer, prothrombin time and liver enzymes.

Method: Study is a case control, for patients with beta-thalassemia major at Ibn Al-Atheer Hospital in Nineveh Province in Iraq during a period from July 2022 to November 2022. A total of (70) patients diagnosed as β-thalassemia major, from 5 to 40 years old presented at thalassemia center. A total of (30) normal persons, age and sex matched to the patients. Complete blood count, Protein C, Protein S, Pro-thrombin time, Ferritin, D. dimer, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, done for all patients and control.

Result: Protein C and protein S were significantly lower in patients with β-thalassemia major in comparison to control. Prothrombin time was significantly prolonged in patients with β-thalassemia major. D. dimer was significantly increase in β-thalassemia major than control. Protein C and protein S level were significantly higher in cases with frequent blood transfusion than in those with non -frequent patient. Prothrombin time and D. dimer also significantly elevated in patients with non-frequent transfusion.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients with β-thalassemia major may be at a higher risk for coagulation abnormalities and should be closely monitored. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between β-thalassemia major and coagulation parameters.

This study aims to identify the predictors of ineffectiveness in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in Kazakhstan. The rising prevalence and mortality rates associated with CHC globally and within Kazakhstan underscore the need for effective antiviral treatment strategies. Despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) with high cure rates, a subset of patients fails to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). We conducted a multicenter retrospective matched case-control study across 13 regions of Kazakhstan, including 812 patients with CHC. The study involved patients registered in healthcare organizations who had received DAAs, focusing on those who did not reach SVR. Variables such as demographic characteristics, virological status, stage of liver disease, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, therapy regimen, and patient adherence were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis identified multiple factors associated with increased risk of non-response to therapy, including comorbid conditions like arterial hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lifestyle factors. The study highlights the complexity of CHC treatment in Kazakhstan, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment plans and addressing comorbid conditions and lifestyle factors. This research contributes to understanding the multifaceted nature of CHC treatment response and aids in optimizing therapeutic strategies in similar healthcare settings.

Rheumatism and rheumatic diseases have not yet lost their problematic and relevance for medicine and society. In terms of their prevalence, they occupy the third place after diseases of the cardiovascular system and digestive organs. In this regard, it is relevant to study the clinical and pathogenetic aspects of rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis associated with persistent nasopharyngeal infection, as well as to search for new effective approaches to the treatment of these diseases, making the most significant contribution to the formation of irreversible changes in the heart and musculoskeletal system.

Materials and methods: Archival medical records of inpatient and outpatient patients of city and region-al clinical hospitals, city polyclinics of Shymkent were studied, and the current situation in Shymkent was studied based on morbidity indicators. The sample was solid.

Results: We evaluated some clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters in patients with seropositive and seronegative RA course. The slow-progressive type of onset of the disease was more often observed in patients with seronegative RA- 71.4% versus 52.8%. The two subgroups were dominated by patients with II degree of activity 57.1%- 61.1%. II and III radiological stages were observed in the majority of patients with seronegative and seropositive variants of the course: 92.9% and 83.3%, respectively.

Conclusion: The physico-chemical properties of the blood plasma of patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis deteriorated significantly: systemic and subsystem structural disorders in thesiographic patterns were noted, having distinctive features for rheumatic heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

The problem of the professional competencies and importance of specialists in their activities are presented in this article. The target concept that is analyzed in the article is professional competence. The results of the research were collected a sample of 4 professions: doctors, psychologists, military and pedagogue, because in the last year they were working in the crisis conditions in our country. The aim of the article is to do factor analysis of the collected data and create out leaderboard of competencies to ensure of professional quality for specialists who are working in the crisis situations. In summarizing our research sample, we selected 191 specialists, four focus groups and contents about competencies. The results showed that there are three groups of competencies with higher stability in professional activity in crisis situations: needs (abilities, skills, and physiological responses), motivation (financial stability, real rewards of work, career growth), intrapersonal resources (personality growth, humanistic and spiritual feeling, openness). Based on personal resources, a specialist can develop abilities that will contribute to the most effective construction of professional activity. Also, continuing education, training and professional development opportunities make the development of professional competences more stimulating, smooth the difficulties of work activities and reduce burnout and stress.

Depression is being recognized worldwide as a serious public health problem. Health problems may affect a college student's quality. Project aims to analyze the effects of physical activity on anxiety and depression in university student.

Methods: This study employed cross-sectional, self-reported survey methodology. A sample of 2008 student completed a test that included social-demographic data, GAD-7, PHQ-9, IPAQ and EAT-26.GAD-7 was assessed using the anxiety questionnaire (range 0-21, with higher scores indicating more anxiety). PHQ-9 was assessed using the depression questionnaire (range 0-27, with higher scores indicating more depression). Physical activity was assessed using a short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), which is divided into three levels: low, moderate and high levels of physical activity. Eating attitude test-26(EAT-26) is widely used screening instruments for disordered eating attitudes (Scores 20 or above was defined as disordered eating attitude). The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 system.

Results: There was no significant correlation between depression and anxiety symptoms and child in the family, parents are highly educated, single-parent family and parents are doctors or nurses and other medical staff. The experimental data suggested that mental health was significantly associated with the suffer from domestic or social violence, use cell phones and computers for fun time, low-intensity exercise, high-intensity exercise and eating disorder.

Conclusion: The thesis concludes that the physical activity was significantly associated with mental health. It is necessary to take measures to reduce anxiety and depression in college students, to improve their understanding of the importance of healthy.

Infertility is a condition with a negative health state and cystic ovary disorder is one of it is causes. PCOS is a prevalent derange till now. Therefore, current study is designed to estimate the role of Gene 35 and fertility supplements (composed from chasteberry, green tea extracts and L-arginine along with some elements),as alternative therapy for induced cystic ovary with letrozole in rats. Thirty female rats were divided erratically into four groups: G1 negative control, G2 positive group, G3 fertility group, G4 Gene 35 group and G5 combination of both Gene 35 with fertility. Vaginal smear examination was done to ensure the occurrence of PCOS. Blood samples were obtained, and sera were separated for hormonal evaluation of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), anti mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL) as well as insulin and ovary samples were obtained for histopathological study. Current study reveals a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum AMH, FT, LH, PRL as well as insulin and significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum FSH in PCOS groups when compared to treated groups. However, treated groups experienced significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum AMH, FT, LH, PRL with insulin and significant (p<0.05) increase in in serum FSH in comparison to positive control. Histopathological study showed marked reduction of cystic follicle along with corpora lutea predominance that reflect a good response as compared to PCOS group. From the current result, there is a noticeable improvement in number of ovarian cysts and hormones levels. Therefore, it is recommended that Gene 35 and fertility supplement can be used in the treatment of PCOS patients as supporting and treatment.