A. Wagner, Mathias Bonduel, P. Pauwels, Rüppel Uwe
Sharing building information over the Web is becoming more popular, leading to advances in describing building models in a Semantic Web context. However, those descriptions lack unified approaches for linking geometry descriptions to building elements, derived properties and derived other geometry descriptions. To bridge this gap, we analyse the basic characteristics of geometric dependencies and propose the Ontology for Managing Geometry (OMG) based on this analysis. In this paper, we present our results and show how the OMG provides means to link geometric and non-geometric data in meaningful ways. Thus, exchanging building data, including geometry, on the Web becomes more efficient.
{"title":"Relating geometry descriptions to its derivatives on the web","authors":"A. Wagner, Mathias Bonduel, P. Pauwels, Rüppel Uwe","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.146","url":null,"abstract":"Sharing building information over the Web is becoming more popular, leading to advances in describing building models in a Semantic Web context. However, those descriptions lack unified approaches for linking geometry descriptions to building elements, derived properties and derived other geometry descriptions. To bridge this gap, we analyse the basic characteristics of geometric dependencies and propose the Ontology for Managing Geometry (OMG) based on this analysis. In this paper, we present our results and show how the OMG provides means to link geometric and non-geometric data in meaningful ways. Thus, exchanging building data, including geometry, on the Web becomes more efficient.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129491839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precise reconstruction of the built environment is very useful for the management of the construction site. As far as the reconstruction of large-scale built environments is concerned, the reconstruction effect still needs to be further improved. Considering that most of the structures are piece-wise planar/linear in the built environment, this paper proposes a method for reconstructing the geometric structure of the scene that display its appearance precisely. This method focuses on reconstructing objects with plane and edge structures, such as buildings, to achieve the reproduction of their geometry. The paper introduces a new dense reconstruction algorithm, the patch based stereo matching algorithm to refine a sparse point cloud to produce a dense point cloud. This method further merges three-dimensional (3D) line into the dense point cloud to optimize the geometric line of the model. The experiment demonstrates that the improved method has a flawless reconstruction effect on the geometric primitives of buildings.
{"title":"Precise reconstruction of geometric primitives in built environments","authors":"Lingling Wang, Hanbin Luo, Ying Zhou, Cheng Zhou","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.165","url":null,"abstract":"Precise reconstruction of the built environment is very useful for the management of the construction site. As far as the reconstruction of large-scale built environments is concerned, the reconstruction effect still needs to be further improved. Considering that most of the structures are piece-wise planar/linear in the built environment, this paper proposes a method for reconstructing the geometric structure of the scene that display its appearance precisely. This method focuses on reconstructing objects with plane and edge structures, such as buildings, to achieve the reproduction of their geometry. The paper introduces a new dense reconstruction algorithm, the patch based stereo matching algorithm to refine a sparse point cloud to produce a dense point cloud. This method further merges three-dimensional (3D) line into the dense point cloud to optimize the geometric line of the model. The experiment demonstrates that the improved method has a flawless reconstruction effect on the geometric primitives of buildings.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125453498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Ventura, F. Castronovo, D. Nikolic, A. Ciribini
The implementation of immersive virtual reality in the construction sector is experiencing a period of renewed interest since the research efforts of the early 2000s. VR-related applications are increasing in number and scopes, with a focus on communication and analysis of design intents. On the other hand, procedural challenges still obstacle their effective adoption for such purposes. The paper proposes a preliminary set of procedural considerations to take into account when immersive VR is used for feedback collection in design reviews. It is the result of an inductive approach associated with qualitative research methods based on seven semi-structured interviews with representative design stakeholders (i.e., twenty-four), including clients, designers, end-users and an accessibility expert. They were asked to evaluate VR adoption for the usability-focused analysis of a new school building. The framework represents a first step to address in a systematic way the practical implications related to VR-aided design reviews, especially when clients and end-users are involved.
{"title":"A framework of procedural considerations for implementing virtual reality in design review","authors":"S. M. Ventura, F. Castronovo, D. Nikolic, A. Ciribini","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.160","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of immersive virtual reality in the construction sector is experiencing a period of renewed interest since the research efforts of the early 2000s. VR-related applications are increasing in number and scopes, with a focus on communication and analysis of design intents. On the other hand, procedural challenges still obstacle their effective adoption for such purposes. The paper proposes a preliminary set of procedural considerations to take into account when immersive VR is used for feedback collection in design reviews. It is the result of an inductive approach associated with qualitative research methods based on seven semi-structured interviews with representative design stakeholders (i.e., twenty-four), including clients, designers, end-users and an accessibility expert. They were asked to evaluate VR adoption for the usability-focused analysis of a new school building. The framework represents a first step to address in a systematic way the practical implications related to VR-aided design reviews, especially when clients and end-users are involved.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127320126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The early conceptual architectural design phases are characterized by a constant interplay of creating variants and assessment of those variants as well as their consistent detailing. Variant comparison plays a significant role in achieving the desired final building. Objectifiable criteria used for the evaluation and comparison of design variants can be used to legitimize decisions and selections as the design process proceeds. Moreover, using these criteria, such as the results of simulations and analysis performed by various domain experts, most likely leads to building designs with better performance. One major challenge in practice today is the management of design information and collaboration between several actors in a building project. A large portion of the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry still deals with conventional methods to exchange design information. The growing use of building information models is promising, but even the most recent developments and practices still rely heavily on human-readable protocols and issue management systems (Beetz 2009; Borrmann et al. 2018). Considering the potential of schematized computer-readable communications to be analyzed and used for future references and case-based reasoning systems, this paper proposes a novel minimized communication protocol based on BIM, which aims to introduce a computer-readable, yet adaptive universal method/function which works on schematized information exchange requirements (templates) for different use cases. Furthermore, this concept will be explained and demonstrated using an example scenario.
早期的概念架构设计阶段的特点是创建变体和评估这些变体以及它们一致的细节的不断相互作用。变体比较在实现期望的最终建筑中起着重要作用。用于评估和比较设计变量的客观标准可以用于使设计过程中的决策和选择合法化。此外，使用这些标准，例如由不同领域专家执行的模拟和分析结果，最有可能导致具有更好性能的建筑设计。当今实践中的一个主要挑战是设计信息的管理和建筑项目中几个参与者之间的协作。建筑、工程和施工(AEC)行业的很大一部分仍然使用传统的方法来交换设计信息。越来越多地使用建筑信息模型是有希望的，但即使是最近的发展和实践仍然严重依赖于人类可读的协议和问题管理系统(Beetz 2009;Borrmann et al. 2018)。考虑到图式化计算机可读通信的潜力，可以分析并用于未来参考和基于案例的推理系统，本文提出了一种基于BIM的新型最小化通信协议，旨在引入一种计算机可读，但自适应的通用方法/功能，该方法/功能适用于不同用例的图式化信息交换需求(模板)。此外，将使用示例场景解释和演示此概念。
{"title":"Adaptive minimized communication protocol based on BIM","authors":"A. Zahedi, F. Petzold","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.150","url":null,"abstract":"The early conceptual architectural design phases are characterized by a constant interplay of creating variants and assessment of those variants as well as their consistent detailing. Variant comparison plays a significant role in achieving the desired final building. Objectifiable criteria used for the evaluation and comparison of design variants can be used to legitimize decisions and selections as the design process proceeds. Moreover, using these criteria, such as the results of simulations and analysis performed by various domain experts, most likely leads to building designs with better performance. One major challenge in practice today is the management of design information and collaboration between several actors in a building project. A large portion of the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry still deals with conventional methods to exchange design information. The growing use of building information models is promising, but even the most recent developments and practices still rely heavily on human-readable protocols and issue management systems (Beetz 2009; Borrmann et al. 2018). Considering the potential of schematized computer-readable communications to be analyzed and used for future references and case-based reasoning systems, this paper proposes a novel minimized communication protocol based on BIM, which aims to introduce a computer-readable, yet adaptive universal method/function which works on schematized information exchange requirements (templates) for different use cases. Furthermore, this concept will be explained and demonstrated using an example scenario.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"9 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132601457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Borrmann, S. Muhic, J. Hyvärinen, Tim Chipman, Š. Jaud, C. Castaing, C. Dumoulin, T. Liebich, Laura Mol
The paper reports on the buildingSMART International project IFC-Bridge that developed an extension of the vendor-neutral data exchange standard Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The paper highlights the importance of a well-defined development process and the involvement of an international expert panel. It also discusses the need to focus on low hanging fruits by considering only the most widespread bridge types and implementing the data exchange scenarios that provide the most benefit. The paper describes both the development process and the outcome -- the actual extension of the IFC standard. In this regard, emphasis is given to the general principles of extending IFC, such as minimizing the number of new entities.
{"title":"The IFC-Bridge project – Extending the IFC standard to enable high-quality exchange of bridge information models","authors":"A. Borrmann, S. Muhic, J. Hyvärinen, Tim Chipman, Š. Jaud, C. Castaing, C. Dumoulin, T. Liebich, Laura Mol","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.193","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports on the buildingSMART International project IFC-Bridge that developed an extension of the vendor-neutral data exchange standard Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The paper highlights the importance of a well-defined development process and the involvement of an international expert panel. It also discusses the need to focus on low hanging fruits by considering only the most widespread bridge types and implementing the data exchange scenarios that provide the most benefit. The paper describes both the development process and the outcome -- the actual extension of the IFC standard. In this regard, emphasis is given to the general principles of extending IFC, such as minimizing the number of new entities.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122411300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluating building performances, such as the indoor daylight, is usually based on numerical simulation and 2D image illustration. It does not take advantage of emerging Augmented Reality (AR) or Mixed Reality (MR) techniques to intuitively aid the building design. The current study probes into the topic bringing building geometry information together with simulation results into AR/MR environments. After introducing some precedent work in the literature, authors recap the typical workflow and report its application on two case studies. The first case study displays the structural simulation of a high-rise building in AR, while the second case study shows the daylight simulation of a two-story house within MR. At last, reflections are conducted and future possibilities are identified. Authors deem that, in the aim of this study, only retrofitting projects are suitable for MR. The present work can help practitioners better understand this new approach, offering the added value of using AR/MR for building design.
{"title":"Using augmented reality and mixed reality to interpret design choices of high-performance buildings","authors":"Shenghuan Zhao, Leo Zhang, Enrico deangelis","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.142","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating building performances, such as the indoor daylight, is usually based on numerical simulation and 2D image illustration. It does not take advantage of emerging Augmented Reality (AR) or Mixed Reality (MR) techniques to intuitively aid the building design. The current study probes into the topic bringing building geometry information together with simulation results into AR/MR environments. After introducing some precedent work in the literature, authors recap the typical workflow and report its application on two case studies. The first case study displays the structural simulation of a high-rise building in AR, while the second case study shows the daylight simulation of a two-story house within MR. At last, reflections are conducted and future possibilities are identified. Authors deem that, in the aim of this study, only retrofitting projects are suitable for MR. The present work can help practitioners better understand this new approach, offering the added value of using AR/MR for building design.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127729161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a new approach for modelling construction scheduling constraints using Shapes Constraint Language. Current modelling approaches focuses on modelling precedence and discrete constraints at master planning or phase planning level and lacks the ability to model complex constraints at look ahead planning level. Proposed modelling approach addresses this limitation. Precedence constraints, discrete resource capacity constraints, disjunctive constraints and logical constraints are modelled using shapes constraint language for a simple lifting problem in this paper. The modelled constraints were tested, and the constraints model was able to identify the violations effectively and produce a validation report.
{"title":"Modelling construction scheduling constraints using shapes constraint language (SHACL)","authors":"Ranjith K. Soman","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.170","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach for modelling construction scheduling constraints using Shapes Constraint Language. Current modelling approaches focuses on modelling precedence and discrete constraints at master planning or phase planning level and lacks the ability to model complex constraints at look ahead planning level. Proposed modelling approach addresses this limitation. Precedence constraints, discrete resource capacity constraints, disjunctive constraints and logical constraints are modelled using shapes constraint language for a simple lifting problem in this paper. The modelled constraints were tested, and the constraints model was able to identify the violations effectively and produce a validation report.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129376391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry is complex, fragmented and struggles to cope with an intricate and geographically diverse Supply Chain (SC) where sophisticated flows of materials, information and capital take place in a dynamic environment. In this context, building trust among partners is a necessary requirement to deliver a successful project on time and on budget. This paper investigates the main factors that build inter-firm trust in large construction projects and explores the disruptive effect that the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain (BC) could have in this process. The findings are based on an in-depth analysis of the literature and ten one-to-one telephone and face-to-face interviews. The findings contribute to the literature by suggesting that a Blockchain-enabled IoT ecosystem has the potential to generate inter-firm trust at the front-end, during contract development, and throughout the construction phase. Moreover, the data denotes the need for further technological adoption in the construction industry as a means of smoothing the transition from relational trust to technological trust.
{"title":"From relational to technological trust: How do the Internet of Things and Blockchain technology fit in?","authors":"J. Pena, E. Papadonikolaki","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.153","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is complex, fragmented and struggles to cope with an intricate and geographically diverse Supply Chain (SC) where sophisticated flows of materials, information and capital take place in a dynamic environment. In this context, building trust among partners is a necessary requirement to deliver a successful project on time and on budget. This paper investigates the main factors that build inter-firm trust in large construction projects and explores the disruptive effect that the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain (BC) could have in this process. The findings are based on an in-depth analysis of the literature and ten one-to-one telephone and face-to-face interviews. The findings contribute to the literature by suggesting that a Blockchain-enabled IoT ecosystem has the potential to generate inter-firm trust at the front-end, during contract development, and throughout the construction phase. Moreover, the data denotes the need for further technological adoption in the construction industry as a means of smoothing the transition from relational trust to technological trust.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116757628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charalambos Kyriakou, S. Christodoulou, L. Dimitriou
Nowadays, pavement monitoring agencies typically assess pavement quality approximately only once per year. The main reason for this low frequency of inspections is the fact that current methods are expensive and laborious. The paper presents a data-driven framework and related field studies on the use of pattern recognition techniques and smartphone sensor technologies for the detection, classification and georeferencing of roadway pavement surface anomalies. The proposed system provides continuous and reliable information about the five most common roadway pavement surface anomalies which are valuable for pavement management systems and public safety.
{"title":"Do vehicles sense pavement surface anomalies?","authors":"Charalambos Kyriakou, S. Christodoulou, L. Dimitriou","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.159","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, pavement monitoring agencies typically assess pavement quality approximately only once per year. The main reason for this low frequency of inspections is the fact that current methods are expensive and laborious. The paper presents a data-driven framework and related field studies on the use of pattern recognition techniques and smartphone sensor technologies for the detection, classification and georeferencing of roadway pavement surface anomalies. The proposed system provides continuous and reliable information about the five most common roadway pavement surface anomalies which are valuable for pavement management systems and public safety.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"106 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125986340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ratajczak, C. Marcher, Christoph Paul Schimanski, Alice Schweikopfler, M. Riedl, D. Matt
The construction industry is still lagging behind other industries in adopting new technologies for monitoring of performance and progress of construction works. In other industries like production or automotive such processes are already partly or fully automated. To improve effectiveness of construction scheduling and quality of works, this research proposes a BIM-based augmented reality application for site managers so-called AR4C. This application is combining Location-Based Management System and Building Information Modeling (BIM) to visualize in Augmented Reality key information related to progress and performance of construction works superimposed on the real world. This paper describes methodologies and technologies implemented in the AR4C application to control effectively construction works.
{"title":"BIM-based augmented reality tool for the monitoring of construction performance and progress","authors":"J. Ratajczak, C. Marcher, Christoph Paul Schimanski, Alice Schweikopfler, M. Riedl, D. Matt","doi":"10.35490/EC3.2019.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2019.202","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is still lagging behind other industries in adopting new technologies for monitoring of performance and progress of construction works. In other industries like production or automotive such processes are already partly or fully automated.\u0000 To improve effectiveness of construction scheduling and quality of works, this research proposes a BIM-based augmented reality application for site managers so-called AR4C. This application is combining Location-Based Management System and Building Information Modeling (BIM) to visualize in Augmented Reality key information related to progress and performance of construction works superimposed on the real world. This paper describes methodologies and technologies implemented in the AR4C application to control effectively construction works.","PeriodicalId":126601,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 European Conference on Computing in Construction","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126518810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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