Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241506
Oluoha R. U., Offiong A. A., Nzomiwu D. C., Nsodukwa C. O.
Background: Air pollution is currently a major threat globally, particularly in a developing country such as Nigeria. With its dire implication for human health, it is imperative to study and understand the knowledge and contributory practices of the populace as key to the development of necessary intervention measures. Aims and Objectives: To assess knowledge and its predictors, also contributory practices towards air pollution among traders in Douglas Market, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross – sectional analytical design using a combination of cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 200 participants. Data was collected using a pretested semi – structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done with frequencies and summary statistics. Chi square statistics were computed to determine significant relationship and simple binary regression was used to determine predictors of knowledge of air pollution. The p – value was set at 0.05 significance level. Result: The mean age of the respondents was 36.2 ± 10.4 years with a slightly higher female proportion (59.0%). Almost all the respondents (97.9%) are aware of air pollution and the most common sources of information were the social media (38.8%) and the internet (23.2%). Respondents with good knowledge of air pollution in this study stood at 84.1%. Use of generators (73.5%) was the most common source of air pollution among the study participants. Factors significantly associated with knowledge of air pollution were age (p = 0.0000), marital status (p = 0.0192) and level of education (p = 0.0000). Predictors of poor knowledge of air pollution were: being within the ages of 42 – 49 years (OR: 27.33) and having non – formal education (OR: 32.50). Conclusion: There is overall good knowledge of air pollution, however there was still relatively low knowledge in the less educated and elderly populace. This should inform policy making with targeted advocacy towards the education and guidance of people to become knowledgeable about air pollution and related health risks. Also efficient generation and supply of power will reduce the use of generators.
{"title":"Knowledge of Air Pollution and its Predictors among Traders in Douglas Market, Imo State, South–Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Oluoha R. U., Offiong A. A., Nzomiwu D. C., Nsodukwa C. O.","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241506","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Air pollution is currently a major threat globally, particularly in a developing country such as Nigeria. With its dire implication for human health, it is imperative to study and understand the knowledge and contributory practices of the populace as key to the development of necessary intervention measures. \u0000Aims and Objectives: To assess knowledge and its predictors, also contributory practices towards air pollution among traders in Douglas Market, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: A cross – sectional analytical design using a combination of cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 200 participants. Data was collected using a pretested semi – structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done with frequencies and summary statistics. Chi square statistics were computed to determine significant relationship and simple binary regression was used to determine predictors of knowledge of air pollution. The p – value was set at 0.05 significance level. \u0000Result: The mean age of the respondents was 36.2 ± 10.4 years with a slightly higher female proportion (59.0%). Almost all the respondents (97.9%) are aware of air pollution and the most common sources of information were the social media (38.8%) and the internet (23.2%). Respondents with good knowledge of air pollution in this study stood at 84.1%. Use of generators (73.5%) was the most common source of air pollution among the study participants. Factors significantly associated with knowledge of air pollution were age (p = 0.0000), marital status (p = 0.0192) and level of education (p = 0.0000). Predictors of poor knowledge of air pollution were: being within the ages of 42 – 49 years (OR: 27.33) and having non – formal education (OR: 32.50). \u0000Conclusion: There is overall good knowledge of air pollution, however there was still relatively low knowledge in the less educated and elderly populace. This should inform policy making with targeted advocacy towards the education and guidance of people to become knowledgeable about air pollution and related health risks. Also efficient generation and supply of power will reduce the use of generators.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241505
Calvin Bisong Ebai, F. N. Ngoufo, O. N. Nlinwe, Jennifer Acho Mefoumanyi, C. Yamssi, H. Kimbi
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with malaria and intestinal protozoans among schoolchildren in Ndop a conflict hit locality in Northwest Cameroon. Study Design: This was a school-based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Cameroon Baptist Convention Nursery and Primary School Bamunka, Ndop during the months of April and May 2023. Methodology: Sociodemographic and hygiene-related data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Capillary blood and stool samples were collected, giemsa-stained blood films were examined to detect malaria parasites, while normal saline and iodine wet preparations were used to detect intestinal parasites in stool. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The Chi-square test was used to compare prevalence between groups, p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and eighty (180) children took part in the study. The prevalence of malaria, intestinal protozoans, and malaria and intestinal protozoan coinfection observed were 7.2%, 13.0%, and 1.5% respectively. Plasmodium falciparum was the only Plasmodium species identified while the intestinal protozoans observed were Entamoeba histolytica (9, 6.9%), Entamoeba coli (12, 9.1%) and Giardia lamblia (10, 7.6%). With respect to socio-demographic characteristics, father’s profession (p=0.04) and, class of children (p=.01); whereas for methods related to prevention, taking anti-helminthics (p=.001), having a toilet at home (p=.001), toilet type (p=.000), washing of hands at school (p=.001), washing of hands at home (p=.001) and source of water were associated with intestinal parasite prevalence. Conclusion: This study revealed that malaria parasite and intestinal protozoans still constitute public health problems in Ndop. Control measures implemented by government to curb the prevalence of helminthic infections are quite effective meanwhile there is need to maintain and re-enforce measures for the control of malaria and intestinal protozoans.
{"title":"Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia and Intestinal Protozoan Infections among Schoolchildren in Ndop, Northwest Cameroon, A Conflict Hit Locality","authors":"Calvin Bisong Ebai, F. N. Ngoufo, O. N. Nlinwe, Jennifer Acho Mefoumanyi, C. Yamssi, H. Kimbi","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241505","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with malaria and intestinal protozoans among schoolchildren in Ndop a conflict hit locality in Northwest Cameroon. \u0000Study Design: This was a school-based cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Cameroon Baptist Convention Nursery and Primary School Bamunka, Ndop during the months of April and May 2023. \u0000Methodology: Sociodemographic and hygiene-related data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Capillary blood and stool samples were collected, giemsa-stained blood films were examined to detect malaria parasites, while normal saline and iodine wet preparations were used to detect intestinal parasites in stool. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The Chi-square test was used to compare prevalence between groups, p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: One hundred and eighty (180) children took part in the study. The prevalence of malaria, intestinal protozoans, and malaria and intestinal protozoan coinfection observed were 7.2%, 13.0%, and 1.5% respectively. Plasmodium falciparum was the only Plasmodium species identified while the intestinal protozoans observed were Entamoeba histolytica (9, 6.9%), Entamoeba coli (12, 9.1%) and Giardia lamblia (10, 7.6%). With respect to socio-demographic characteristics, father’s profession (p=0.04) and, class of children (p=.01); whereas for methods related to prevention, taking anti-helminthics (p=.001), having a toilet at home (p=.001), toilet type (p=.000), washing of hands at school (p=.001), washing of hands at home (p=.001) and source of water were associated with intestinal parasite prevalence. \u0000Conclusion: This study revealed that malaria parasite and intestinal protozoans still constitute public health problems in Ndop. Control measures implemented by government to curb the prevalence of helminthic infections are quite effective meanwhile there is need to maintain and re-enforce measures for the control of malaria and intestinal protozoans.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"43 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241504
Bridy Chesly Moutombi Ditombi, Coella Joyce Mihindou, F. B. B. Ognagosso, Dimitri Ardin Mabika Moussavou, O. M. Nguema, N. P. M'Bondoukwé, J. M. N. Ngomo, Charleine Manomba Boulingui, Michèle Marion Ntsame Owone, Magalie Essomeyo Mebale, M. Bouyou-Akotet, D. Mawili-Mboumba
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the trends of ITN use and age disparities among children attending for malaria diagnosis in the main sentinel site for malaria surveillance of Gabon. Methodology: Data were collected from September 2023 to October 2023 at the malaria sentinel site for malaria survey of the Regional Hospital of Melen in Gabon. Data from 2010 to 2020, including age, gender, years of screening and ITN use the night before the consultation were reported on a case report form. Results: Data from 13687 children were analyzed, the rate of ITN use was 57.7% (n=7902). The trend of ITN use decreased significantly from 76.2% in 2011 to 41.9% in 2017, with a slight increase until 2019 (54.9%). According to age, use of ITN was more frequently reported in infants (64.1%) and children aged between 2 to less than 5 years (57.1%) compared to older children (53.1%) and adolescents (51.2%) (P<0.01). Although the rate of mosquito net use significantly decreased in all the age groups, the odds of net use remained the highest in children under 5 years and lowest among the adolescents (P<0.01). Conclusion: The ITN use coverage is still insufficient in Libreville. Efforts should be done to achieve the universal coverage of ITN ownership and use toreduce malaria transmission in Gabon.
{"title":"Trends in ITN Use Prevalence among Children Attending for Malaria Diagnosis in the Main Sentinel Site for Malaria Surveillance of Gabon: Data from 2010 to 2020","authors":"Bridy Chesly Moutombi Ditombi, Coella Joyce Mihindou, F. B. B. Ognagosso, Dimitri Ardin Mabika Moussavou, O. M. Nguema, N. P. M'Bondoukwé, J. M. N. Ngomo, Charleine Manomba Boulingui, Michèle Marion Ntsame Owone, Magalie Essomeyo Mebale, M. Bouyou-Akotet, D. Mawili-Mboumba","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i241504","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the trends of ITN use and age disparities among children attending for malaria diagnosis in the main sentinel site for malaria surveillance of Gabon. \u0000Methodology: Data were collected from September 2023 to October 2023 at the malaria sentinel site for malaria survey of the Regional Hospital of Melen in Gabon. Data from 2010 to 2020, including age, gender, years of screening and ITN use the night before the consultation were reported on a case report form. \u0000Results: Data from 13687 children were analyzed, the rate of ITN use was 57.7% (n=7902). The trend of ITN use decreased significantly from 76.2% in 2011 to 41.9% in 2017, with a slight increase until 2019 (54.9%). According to age, use of ITN was more frequently reported in infants (64.1%) and children aged between 2 to less than 5 years (57.1%) compared to older children (53.1%) and adolescents (51.2%) (P<0.01). Although the rate of mosquito net use significantly decreased in all the age groups, the odds of net use remained the highest in children under 5 years and lowest among the adolescents (P<0.01). \u0000Conclusion: The ITN use coverage is still insufficient in Libreville. Efforts should be done to achieve the universal coverage of ITN ownership and use toreduce malaria transmission in Gabon.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"218 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231502
Kfu Emmanuel Keng, J. L. Ndamukong-Nyanga, D. Nji, Nyambi Ali Margaret
Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) diseases are among the group of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). STHs infections are a significant public health problem globally with children being the most affected group. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to predisposing factors and preventive measures for STHs among children 4 to 15 years in Mutegene community. It was a cross-sectional study, involving 250 school children of both sexes. A systematic random sampling method was used to collect data. Basic demographic data was obtained from the class registers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on personal bio-data, characteristics of their home and school environment in relation to helminthes transmission and prevention. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21 and Chi-square test. The results showed that 44.4 % (n=109) of the participants had good knowledge of parasitic worms, and 62.0 % (n=155) of the participants knew how to avoid getting infected with worms. Soil-transmitted helminth infection was present in Mutengene community with an overall prevalence of 3.6% and the species present included A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms. Participants who indicated that they played out-doors had the highest prevalence (2.8%, n=7) closely followed by those who usually played in water (2.4%, n=6) and thirdly, by those who always put dirt in their mouth (2.0%, n=5). At the end of the study, the researchers ecommended that health education should be given through community radios and televisions as a means of making the people understand the mode of transmission and methods of prevention of STH infection in order to eliminate STHs.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Children (5 to 14 Years) in Relation to Predisposing Factors and Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections in South West Region, Cameroon","authors":"Kfu Emmanuel Keng, J. L. Ndamukong-Nyanga, D. Nji, Nyambi Ali Margaret","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231502","url":null,"abstract":"Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) diseases are among the group of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). STHs infections are a significant public health problem globally with children being the most affected group. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to predisposing factors and preventive measures for STHs among children 4 to 15 years in Mutegene community. \u0000It was a cross-sectional study, involving 250 school children of both sexes. A systematic random sampling method was used to collect data. Basic demographic data was obtained from the class registers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on personal bio-data, characteristics of their home and school environment in relation to helminthes transmission and prevention. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21 and Chi-square test. \u0000The results showed that 44.4 % (n=109) of the participants had good knowledge of parasitic worms, and 62.0 % (n=155) of the participants knew how to avoid getting infected with worms. Soil-transmitted helminth infection was present in Mutengene community with an overall prevalence of 3.6% and the species present included A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms. Participants who indicated that they played out-doors had the highest prevalence (2.8%, n=7) closely followed by those who usually played in water (2.4%, n=6) and thirdly, by those who always put dirt in their mouth (2.0%, n=5). \u0000At the end of the study, the researchers ecommended that health education should be given through community radios and televisions as a means of making the people understand the mode of transmission and methods of prevention of STH infection in order to eliminate STHs.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231501
U. P. Ikejiaku, Ogechi Patience Ezerioha, C. A. Nwaoha, Ngozi Lina Ekeigwe, Njideka Osuagwu
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is an acquired disorder resulting in the presence of antibodies against red blood cell antigens which leads to intravascular haemolysis. It can occur as the initial and sometimes the only presenting feature of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In this report, we describe the diagnostic evaluation and ongoing management of a 13-year-old female with AIHA as the first clinical feature of SLE. She presented with paleness of the body and yellowish discoloration of the eyes. Initial examination showed severe pallor with moderate jaundice. Investigations revealed severe anaemia with slightly elevated reticulocyte count and positive direct coombs test(DCT). Peripheral blood film showed microcytic, hypochromic anaemia. Bone marrow aspiration showed a hypocellular marrow for the age of the child. Immunological screening results were positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-ds DNA). Patient is currently on Prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF). The diagnosis of SLE with AIHA requires a good history, physical examination, high index of suspicion and extensive investigations. Management entails multidisciplinary approach, supportive care, initiation of treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs if necessary to minimize morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia as Initial and Only Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report","authors":"U. P. Ikejiaku, Ogechi Patience Ezerioha, C. A. Nwaoha, Ngozi Lina Ekeigwe, Njideka Osuagwu","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231501","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is an acquired disorder resulting in the presence of antibodies against red blood cell antigens which leads to intravascular haemolysis. It can occur as the initial and sometimes the only presenting feature of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In this report, we describe the diagnostic evaluation and ongoing management of a 13-year-old female with AIHA as the first clinical feature of SLE. She presented with paleness of the body and yellowish discoloration of the eyes. Initial examination showed severe pallor with moderate jaundice. Investigations revealed severe anaemia with slightly elevated reticulocyte count and positive direct coombs test(DCT). Peripheral blood film showed microcytic, hypochromic anaemia. Bone marrow aspiration showed a hypocellular marrow for the age of the child. Immunological screening results were positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-ds DNA). Patient is currently on Prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF). The diagnosis of SLE with AIHA requires a good history, physical examination, high index of suspicion and extensive investigations. Management entails multidisciplinary approach, supportive care, initiation of treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs if necessary to minimize morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: This study determined the prevalence and evolution of long COVID symptoms in patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 at the CHUL intensive care unit in Libreville, Gabon. Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal, study. Place and Duration of Study: Infectiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Libreville Hospitalier Universitaire de LibrevH (CHUL), between January 2021 and January 2022. Methodology: We included 144 patients (84 men, 60 women; median age 46.4 [16-88] years) hospitalized in the intense care unit for a RT-PCR- confirmed COVID-19 and who have accepted a one-year follow-up. All patients were consulted quarterly for 12 months. During the follow-up, existence, appearance and types of symptoms were sought at 3, 6 and 12-months post-hospitalization. Results: The prevalence of long COVID-19 was 52.1% (n=75/144). Fatigue (21.3%), cough (20.8%), sleep disorders (16.0%) and anxiety (11.1%) predominated at month-3. The main symptoms reported 6-months after the onset of infection were dyspnea (9.7%; n=14), anxiety (7.6%; n=11), fatigue (6.2%; n=9) and cough (3.5%; n=5). One year after, the persistent symptoms were anxiety (6.5%; n=9), dyspnea (1.4%; n=2). Most participants had only one symptom: 60% at month-3, 79.5% at month-6 and 77.8% at 12-months (p=0.04). Conclusion: The long COVID is frequent among patients hospitalized for severe form of SARS-COV-2 infection. It is imperative to continue generating information for appropriate prevention and monitoring measures to be adopted in Gabon.
{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Clinical Symptom Frequency and Associated Factors in a Cohort of Patients Discharged from the ICU and Monitored for 12 Months, in Libreville, Gabon","authors":"Manomba Boulingui Charleine, Moutombi Ditombi Bridy, Ngomas Moussadji Jean Félix, Essomeyo Mebale Magalie, Ntsame Owono Michelle Marion, Kombila Ulrich Davy, Kouna-Ndouongo Philomène, Bouyou Akotet Marielle","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231500","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study determined the prevalence and evolution of long COVID symptoms in patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 at the CHUL intensive care unit in Libreville, Gabon. \u0000Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal, study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Infectiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Libreville Hospitalier Universitaire de LibrevH (CHUL), between January 2021 and January 2022. \u0000Methodology: We included 144 patients (84 men, 60 women; median age 46.4 [16-88] years) hospitalized in the intense care unit for a RT-PCR- confirmed COVID-19 and who have accepted a one-year follow-up. All patients were consulted quarterly for 12 months. During the follow-up, existence, appearance and types of symptoms were sought at 3, 6 and 12-months post-hospitalization. \u0000Results: The prevalence of long COVID-19 was 52.1% (n=75/144). Fatigue (21.3%), cough (20.8%), sleep disorders (16.0%) and anxiety (11.1%) predominated at month-3. The main symptoms reported 6-months after the onset of infection were dyspnea (9.7%; n=14), anxiety (7.6%; n=11), fatigue (6.2%; n=9) and cough (3.5%; n=5). One year after, the persistent symptoms were anxiety (6.5%; n=9), dyspnea (1.4%; n=2). Most participants had only one symptom: 60% at month-3, 79.5% at month-6 and 77.8% at 12-months (p=0.04). \u0000Conclusion: The long COVID is frequent among patients hospitalized for severe form of SARS-COV-2 infection. It is imperative to continue generating information for appropriate prevention and monitoring measures to be adopted in Gabon.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-02DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221498
F. O. Idama, A. Onochie, M. E. Onuegbu, R. O. Anyanwu, E. C. Moneme
The use of medicinal plants in combating many tropical diseases including malaria is gaining wide acceptance owing to their many bioactive compounds. Malaria, which is caused by a Plasmodium parasite, and transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes is endemic in developing countries especially in Africa where it pose serious health challenge to the populace. This study evaluates the effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extract on some biochemical parameters in Wistar Albino mice infected with Plasmodiumberghei. A total of ninety (90) mature male swiss albino mice (free from infection and weighing between 25-35g) were used for the study. The animals were grouped into six classes (A-F) of fifteen (15) mice per group, per cage. Groups A to C served as the control groups [normal (uninfected plus distilled water), standard (infected plus Lonart (4mg/kg) and negative (infected plus distilled water)] respectively while groups D, E and F served as the treatment groups and were orally administered 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for five (5) days consecutively. Malaria parasites (Plasmodium berghei, Anka strain) were inoculated using standard methods. At the end of the experimental periods, the animals were sacrificed and blood collected through cardiac puncture for bioassay studies. Activities of ALT, AST, ALP were determined using standard assay kits and concentrations of bilirubin (total and direct) as well as urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate levels were carried out using standard methods. Results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum activities of ALT and AST in extract treated animals when compared with the untreated control while there was significant decrease (p>0.05) in the serum activities of ALP in extract treated animals when compared with the untreated control. Results further showed an increase in the bilirubin (total and direct) levels of the extract treated groups as compared with the untreated control. Similar trends were observed for the levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride. It could therefore be concluded that administration of Azadirachta indica leaf extract, though potent in fighting against malarial infection, could pose a threat to the liver and other organs of the body if not properly monitored.
{"title":"Effect of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract on Some Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei","authors":"F. O. Idama, A. Onochie, M. E. Onuegbu, R. O. Anyanwu, E. C. Moneme","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221498","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants in combating many tropical diseases including malaria is gaining wide acceptance owing to their many bioactive compounds. Malaria, which is caused by a Plasmodium parasite, and transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes is endemic in developing countries especially in Africa where it pose serious health challenge to the populace. This study evaluates the effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extract on some biochemical parameters in Wistar Albino mice infected with Plasmodiumberghei. A total of ninety (90) mature male swiss albino mice (free from infection and weighing between 25-35g) were used for the study. The animals were grouped into six classes (A-F) of fifteen (15) mice per group, per cage. Groups A to C served as the control groups [normal (uninfected plus distilled water), standard (infected plus Lonart (4mg/kg) and negative (infected plus distilled water)] respectively while groups D, E and F served as the treatment groups and were orally administered 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for five (5) days consecutively. Malaria parasites (Plasmodium berghei, Anka strain) were inoculated using standard methods. At the end of the experimental periods, the animals were sacrificed and blood collected through cardiac puncture for bioassay studies. Activities of ALT, AST, ALP were determined using standard assay kits and concentrations of bilirubin (total and direct) as well as urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate levels were carried out using standard methods. Results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum activities of ALT and AST in extract treated animals when compared with the untreated control while there was significant decrease (p>0.05) in the serum activities of ALP in extract treated animals when compared with the untreated control. Results further showed an increase in the bilirubin (total and direct) levels of the extract treated groups as compared with the untreated control. Similar trends were observed for the levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride. It could therefore be concluded that administration of Azadirachta indica leaf extract, though potent in fighting against malarial infection, could pose a threat to the liver and other organs of the body if not properly monitored.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-02DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231499
Nanjobe Uniah, Christopher Ddamulira, Stephen S. Kizza, Lawlence Sserwanga, David Mutekanga
Background: Malaria fever is a serious health problem that contributes greatly to morbidity and mortality in Uganda. In Mityana District where 4 in 10 pregnancy deaths are malaria related mothers who do not seek treatment in health facilities when they experience febrile illnesses. Therefore, a study was undertaken to identify factors associated with treatment-seeking behavior among pregnant women suffering from febrile illnesses suspected to be malaria in Ssekanyonyi Sub-County in Mityana District, Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study in which questionnaires and key informant guides were administered to 198 expectant mothers to generate data on their socio-demographics and treatment seeking behaviour. SPSS software version 20.0 was used for data analysis and a Logistic Regression model was fitted to identify factors that independently influenced their health-seeking behavior. Results: Out of the198 expectant mothers enrolled in the study, 42.9% were aged 15-25 years, 73.7% had achieved Secondary education, and 46.5% were married. The treatment-seeking behavior was found to be standing at only 56.6%. Among the different factors studied, health education on malaria (AOR = 3.68, P = 0.000), the attitude of midwives (AOR = 1.45, P = 0.003), patient care (AOR = 0.33, P = 0.030), and attitude of the pregnant mother (AOR = 5.38, P = 0.000) were found to be statistically significantly associated with treatment-seeking behavior among pregnant mothers with febrile illnesses. Conclusion: The study concludes that health education on malaria, attitude of midwives and pregnant mothers are the most important in positively affecting treatment seeking behavior among pregnant mothers with febrile illnesses. Recommendations: Health education on malaria, attitude of midwives, patient care and attitude of pregnant mothers need to be given attention in a bid to reduce febrile illnesses. The Ministry of Health and other responsible stakeholders need to reinforce awareness programs on health education among women of reproductive age about the danger of febrile illnesses during pregnancy and also help midwives address issues related to their attitude towards pregnant mothers
背景:疟疾热是一个严重的健康问题，在乌干达造成很大的发病率和死亡率。在米提亚纳区，每10名怀孕死亡的母亲中就有4人与疟疾有关，她们在出现发热性疾病时没有到卫生机构寻求治疗。因此，在乌干达Mityana区的Ssekanyonyi县开展了一项研究，以确定与患有疑似疟疾的发热性疾病的孕妇寻求治疗行为相关的因素。方法:采用横断面研究方法，对198名准妈妈进行问卷调查和关键信息指南，以获得其社会人口统计学和求医行为的数据。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析，并拟合Logistic回归模型，确定独立影响其就医行为的因素。结果:198名参与研究的准妈妈中，42.9%的人年龄在15-25岁之间，73.7%的人受过中等教育，46.5%的人已婚。寻求治疗的行为仅占56.6%。其中，疟疾健康教育(AOR = 3.68, P = 0.000)、助产士态度(AOR = 1.45, P = 0.003)、患者护理(AOR = 0.33, P = 0.030)、孕妇态度(AOR = 5.38, P = 0.000)对发热性疾病孕妇就诊行为有显著影响。结论:疟疾健康教育、助产士和孕妇的态度是影响发热性疾病孕妇就医行为的最重要因素。建议:需要注意疟疾卫生教育、助产士的态度、病人护理和孕妇的态度，以减少发热性疾病。卫生部和其他负责任的利益攸关方需要加强育龄妇女关于怀孕期间发热性疾病危险的健康教育方案，并帮助助产士解决与她们对孕妇的态度有关的问题
{"title":"Factors Associated with Febrile Treatment-Seeking Behaviour among Expectant Mothers in Ssekanyonyi, Uganda","authors":"Nanjobe Uniah, Christopher Ddamulira, Stephen S. Kizza, Lawlence Sserwanga, David Mutekanga","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i231499","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria fever is a serious health problem that contributes greatly to morbidity and mortality in Uganda. In Mityana District where 4 in 10 pregnancy deaths are malaria related mothers who do not seek treatment in health facilities when they experience febrile illnesses. Therefore, a study was undertaken to identify factors associated with treatment-seeking behavior among pregnant women suffering from febrile illnesses suspected to be malaria in Ssekanyonyi Sub-County in Mityana District, Uganda. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study in which questionnaires and key informant guides were administered to 198 expectant mothers to generate data on their socio-demographics and treatment seeking behaviour. SPSS software version 20.0 was used for data analysis and a Logistic Regression model was fitted to identify factors that independently influenced their health-seeking behavior. \u0000Results: Out of the198 expectant mothers enrolled in the study, 42.9% were aged 15-25 years, 73.7% had achieved Secondary education, and 46.5% were married. The treatment-seeking behavior was found to be standing at only 56.6%. Among the different factors studied, health education on malaria (AOR = 3.68, P = 0.000), the attitude of midwives (AOR = 1.45, P = 0.003), patient care (AOR = 0.33, P = 0.030), and attitude of the pregnant mother (AOR = 5.38, P = 0.000) were found to be statistically significantly associated with treatment-seeking behavior among pregnant mothers with febrile illnesses. \u0000Conclusion: The study concludes that health education on malaria, attitude of midwives and pregnant mothers are the most important in positively affecting treatment seeking behavior among pregnant mothers with febrile illnesses. \u0000Recommendations: Health education on malaria, attitude of midwives, patient care and attitude of pregnant mothers need to be given attention in a bid to reduce febrile illnesses. The Ministry of Health and other responsible stakeholders need to reinforce awareness programs on health education among women of reproductive age about the danger of febrile illnesses during pregnancy and also help midwives address issues related to their attitude towards pregnant mothers","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"82 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-02DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221497
Thidaratana Lertwittayakul, L. Pholputta, Thawatchai Toemjai
Objective: This study aims to the effects of program of student role development for Thai children against COVID-19. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 36 students in grades 1-3 in a lower primary school. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling to select 36 participants invited to a student role model development program for Thai children against COVID-19. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Statistics were compared using Paired t-test. Results: The majority of the respondents were female (69.4%). The results revealed that after the COVID-19 learning bases program, the respondents had a mean score of the knowledge level of Corona Virus and prevention of COVID-19 spread showed a low level (M=9.75, SD=1.66). The skill level in wearing, removing the mask was a moderate level (M=2.14, SD=0.56), hand washing was a low level (M=1.47, SD=0.45), and the characteristics of Thai children against COVID-19 was a moderate level (M=21.73, SD=1.56). The effects of the COVID-19 learning bases showed that after participation, the knowledge level of Corona Virus and prevention of COVID-19 spread, the skill level in wearing, removing the mask, hand washing, and the characteristics of Thai children against COVID-19 were higher than before participated with statistically significant (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The student role model development program for Thai children against COVID-19 should be expanded to promote an attribute of Thai children against COVID-19 to extensive all classroom classes, and to promote good health for effective prevention of the coronavirus spread.
{"title":"Effects of Using a Program of Student Role Model Development for Thai Children against COVID-19, Lower Primary School Level, A School in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand","authors":"Thidaratana Lertwittayakul, L. Pholputta, Thawatchai Toemjai","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221497","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to the effects of program of student role development for Thai children against COVID-19. \u0000Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 36 students in grades 1-3 in a lower primary school. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling to select 36 participants invited to a student role model development program for Thai children against COVID-19. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Statistics were compared using Paired t-test. \u0000Results: The majority of the respondents were female (69.4%). The results revealed that after the COVID-19 learning bases program, the respondents had a mean score of the knowledge level of Corona Virus and prevention of COVID-19 spread showed a low level (M=9.75, SD=1.66). The skill level in wearing, removing the mask was a moderate level (M=2.14, SD=0.56), hand washing was a low level (M=1.47, SD=0.45), and the characteristics of Thai children against COVID-19 was a moderate level (M=21.73, SD=1.56). The effects of the COVID-19 learning bases showed that after participation, the knowledge level of Corona Virus and prevention of COVID-19 spread, the skill level in wearing, removing the mask, hand washing, and the characteristics of Thai children against COVID-19 were higher than before participated with statistically significant (p-value<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: The student role model development program for Thai children against COVID-19 should be expanded to promote an attribute of Thai children against COVID-19 to extensive all classroom classes, and to promote good health for effective prevention of the coronavirus spread.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138607059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221496
Marion Bochaberi Machini, J. Oyore, Anthony Wanyoro
Background: Iron deficiency anemia among expectant women causes health consequences. Iron Folic Acid supplementation is the foremost strategy established to curb pregnancy-related anemia. Poor adherence is still a problem despite implementation. Pregnant women are recommended to take 60mgs of iron and 400 mcg of folic acid daily from conception till birth. Objective: The main objective of this study was to find out the determinants of iron and folic acid supplementation adherence among women of reproductive age, with children 0-23 months in Kilifi South Sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was used. Cluster and simple random sampling were used to recruit study participants. Obtained sample size was 324 participants. chi-square and logistic regression were utilized to determine the degree of association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was attained at P<0.05. Odds Ratio was used to test for the strength of association. Results: Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation was low at 31.2%. Values for various variables were; education level of the mother (P=0.002), age(P=0.03, OR=1.26), monthly income (P=0.044, OR=1.622), Number of ANC visits(P=0.000), knowledge on IFAS (P=0.023), knowledge on anemia (P=0.005), knowledge of anemia causes (P=0.000), knowledge of effects of anemia in pregnancy (P=0.000), Being anemic during pregnancy (P=0.000; OR=3.35) IFAS accessibility (P= 0.019) and challenges faced when acquiring the supplements (P=0.03). Some of the challenges listed were late ANC attendance 57.1%, side effects 53.4%, forgetfulness 32.4%, long distance to the facility 59.4%, and stockouts 29.9%. Anemia was found to be high at 69.4%. Conclusions: Iron folic acid supplementation was low. Anemia prevalence was high. Individual factors associated with adherence were education level, antenatal visits, knowledge of the supplements, knowledge of anemia, knowledge of the effects of anemia, and being anemic. Health system factors associated with adherence were the availability of IFAS and experience of challenges during antenatal clinic visits.
{"title":"Determinants of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Adherence among Women of Reproductive Age in Kilifi South Sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya","authors":"Marion Bochaberi Machini, J. Oyore, Anthony Wanyoro","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i221496","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iron deficiency anemia among expectant women causes health consequences. Iron Folic Acid supplementation is the foremost strategy established to curb pregnancy-related anemia. Poor adherence is still a problem despite implementation. Pregnant women are recommended to take 60mgs of iron and 400 mcg of folic acid daily from conception till birth. Objective: The main objective of this study was to find out the determinants of iron and folic acid supplementation adherence among women of reproductive age, with children 0-23 months in Kilifi South Sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was used. Cluster and simple random sampling were used to recruit study participants. Obtained sample size was 324 participants. chi-square and logistic regression were utilized to determine the degree of association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was attained at P<0.05. Odds Ratio was used to test for the strength of association. Results: Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation was low at 31.2%. Values for various variables were; education level of the mother (P=0.002), age(P=0.03, OR=1.26), monthly income (P=0.044, OR=1.622), Number of ANC visits(P=0.000), knowledge on IFAS (P=0.023), knowledge on anemia (P=0.005), knowledge of anemia causes (P=0.000), knowledge of effects of anemia in pregnancy (P=0.000), Being anemic during pregnancy (P=0.000; OR=3.35) IFAS accessibility (P= 0.019) and challenges faced when acquiring the supplements (P=0.03). Some of the challenges listed were late ANC attendance 57.1%, side effects 53.4%, forgetfulness 32.4%, long distance to the facility 59.4%, and stockouts 29.9%. Anemia was found to be high at 69.4%. Conclusions: Iron folic acid supplementation was low. Anemia prevalence was high. Individual factors associated with adherence were education level, antenatal visits, knowledge of the supplements, knowledge of anemia, knowledge of the effects of anemia, and being anemic. Health system factors associated with adherence were the availability of IFAS and experience of challenges during antenatal clinic visits.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：