Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71568
Gael Marius Tsaffo, R. S. Tagne, S. E. Ekom, Michel Noubom, J. Djenguemtar, G. Kamsu, H. B. L. Feudjio, Aurelie Dahlia Yemeli Piankeu, L. N. Famen, D. Gatsing
Untreated diabetic wounds provide an optimal environment for bacterial growth, which, over time, can develop resistance to common antibiotics and ultimately result in amputation. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new sources of antimicrobial molecules with wound healing activity owing to the presence of different secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Aims: This study was to evaluate the in vivo antibacterial and diabetic wound healing capabilities of 70° hydroethanolic extract of Eriosema robustum leaves on non-infected and infected diabetic wound. Methodology: To do this, obese albino Wistar male rats (200–280 g) were divided into eleven groups and were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection with a low dose of streptozotocin at 45 mg/kg of body weight. An excision wound with a surface area of 314 mm2 was created on the dorsal area of each animal, except in the uninjured diabetic group (UDG). The 70° hydroethanolic extract was used to prepare 1%, 5%, and 10% ointments, with L-Mesitran serving as the reference ointment. Healing potential was assessed by measuring wound contraction rates and determining serum and tissue hydroxyproline, serum lactate deydrogenase (LDH) and total protein levels (TP). The antibacterial power evaluated in vivo of Eriosema robustum leaves was also assessed by culturing the skin after healing. Results: The results demonstrated a significantly faster healing rate in the non-infected groups (5%,10% and L-Mesitran) compared to the infected groups. The levels of tissue hydroxyproline and total proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in all treated groups compared to infected and negative controls, unlike serum hydroxyproline levels. LDH levels were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in both negative control group compared to the treated groups. The culture of different skin samples on previously injured areas on the 20th day of treatment showed no growth of S. aureus on completely healed areas and a low rate in the groups treated during the healing process. Conclusion: 70° Hydroethanolic leaves extract of Eriosema robustum possess in vivoantibacterial activities and diabetic wound healing potential.
{"title":"Evaluation of Infected and Non-infected Wounds Healing Activity of Eriosema robustum Hydroethanolic Leaves Extract Ointments in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Gael Marius Tsaffo, R. S. Tagne, S. E. Ekom, Michel Noubom, J. Djenguemtar, G. Kamsu, H. B. L. Feudjio, Aurelie Dahlia Yemeli Piankeu, L. N. Famen, D. Gatsing","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71568","url":null,"abstract":"Untreated diabetic wounds provide an optimal environment for bacterial growth, which, over time, can develop resistance to common antibiotics and ultimately result in amputation. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new sources of antimicrobial molecules with wound healing activity owing to the presence of different secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. \u0000Aims: This study was to evaluate the in vivo antibacterial and diabetic wound healing capabilities of 70° hydroethanolic extract of Eriosema robustum leaves on non-infected and infected diabetic wound. \u0000Methodology: To do this, obese albino Wistar male rats (200–280 g) were divided into eleven groups and were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection with a low dose of streptozotocin at 45 mg/kg of body weight. An excision wound with a surface area of 314 mm2 was created on the dorsal area of each animal, except in the uninjured diabetic group (UDG). The 70° hydroethanolic extract was used to prepare 1%, 5%, and 10% ointments, with L-Mesitran serving as the reference ointment. Healing potential was assessed by measuring wound contraction rates and determining serum and tissue hydroxyproline, serum lactate deydrogenase (LDH) and total protein levels (TP). The antibacterial power evaluated in vivo of Eriosema robustum leaves was also assessed by culturing the skin after healing. \u0000Results: The results demonstrated a significantly faster healing rate in the non-infected groups (5%,10% and L-Mesitran) compared to the infected groups. The levels of tissue hydroxyproline and total proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in all treated groups compared to infected and negative controls, unlike serum hydroxyproline levels. LDH levels were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in both negative control group compared to the treated groups. The culture of different skin samples on previously injured areas on the 20th day of treatment showed no growth of S. aureus on completely healed areas and a low rate in the groups treated during the healing process. \u0000Conclusion: 70° Hydroethanolic leaves extract of Eriosema robustum possess in vivoantibacterial activities and diabetic wound healing potential.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of housewives towards clean and healthy living behaviour in Intan Lestari Housing, Bekasi City in 2024 Introduction: Clean and healthy living behaviour can be done anywhere, such as at home, work, health facilities, or in public places. Maintaining a healthy and clean home environment is very important because the home is a place for family members to fulfil each other's needs and build relationships with each other. Study Design: The approach used is a cross-sectional design, which is a type of observational research in which the relationship between variables is observed and studied simultaneously over a certain period. Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in the period January 2024 to February 2024. The data collection and retrieval process were carried out online via the Google Form platform which was distributed to housewives at Intan Housing, Bekasi, West Java. Methodology: The population in this study were all housewives in the Intan Lestari Bekasi Housing Complex. The samples used in this research were all housewives in the Intan Lestari Housing Bekasi who lived in the RW 022 area. To calculate the number of samples that would be used as respondents in the research, the researcher used the Slovin formula, obtaining a total sample of 93 housewives. Results: From the research results, data was obtained that of the 93 housewife respondents, there were 62 people (67%) had good abilities; there were 51 people (55%) had an attitude in the good category; In terms of implementing a Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBS), there are 63 people (68%) who implement PHBS well. The results of the bivariate analysis to see the relationship between housewives' knowledge of PHBS using SPSS obtained a p-value of 0.005 < sig 0.05, meaning that there was a significant relationship between housewives' knowledge of PHBS behaviour, as well as the bivariate test of the relationship between attitudes towards PHBS and obtained a p-value of 0.015 < sig 0.05, which means there is a significant relationship between housewives' attitudes towards PHBS. Conclusion: From the research results, it can be concluded that a person's good knowledge and attitudes are very significant in influencing clean and healthy lifestyle habits (PHBS), meaning that a habitual pattern for a clean and healthy life requires good knowledge and attitudes.
{"title":"The Relationship between Housewives' Knowledge and Attitudes towards Clean and Healthy Living Behavior","authors":"Wiradi Suryanegara, Erica Gilda Misnawati Simanjuntak","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71567","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of housewives towards clean and healthy living behaviour in Intan Lestari Housing, Bekasi City in 2024 \u0000Introduction: Clean and healthy living behaviour can be done anywhere, such as at home, work, health facilities, or in public places. Maintaining a healthy and clean home environment is very important because the home is a place for family members to fulfil each other's needs and build relationships with each other. \u0000Study Design: The approach used is a cross-sectional design, which is a type of observational research in which the relationship between variables is observed and studied simultaneously over a certain period. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in the period January 2024 to February 2024. The data collection and retrieval process were carried out online via the Google Form platform which was distributed to housewives at Intan Housing, Bekasi, West Java. \u0000Methodology: The population in this study were all housewives in the Intan Lestari Bekasi Housing Complex. The samples used in this research were all housewives in the Intan Lestari Housing Bekasi who lived in the RW 022 area. To calculate the number of samples that would be used as respondents in the research, the researcher used the Slovin formula, obtaining a total sample of 93 housewives. \u0000Results: From the research results, data was obtained that of the 93 housewife respondents, there were 62 people (67%) had good abilities; there were 51 people (55%) had an attitude in the good category; In terms of implementing a Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBS), there are 63 people (68%) who implement PHBS well. The results of the bivariate analysis to see the relationship between housewives' knowledge of PHBS using SPSS obtained a p-value of 0.005 < sig 0.05, meaning that there was a significant relationship between housewives' knowledge of PHBS behaviour, as well as the bivariate test of the relationship between attitudes towards PHBS and obtained a p-value of 0.015 < sig 0.05, which means there is a significant relationship between housewives' attitudes towards PHBS. \u0000Conclusion: From the research results, it can be concluded that a person's good knowledge and attitudes are very significant in influencing clean and healthy lifestyle habits (PHBS), meaning that a habitual pattern for a clean and healthy life requires good knowledge and attitudes.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"103 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To determine the occurrence of re-infection and co-infection with dengue among the adult population in Karachi, Pakistan. In addition, to determine the frequency of various medical complications among dengue patients with or without co-infection and reinfection. And to identify possible risk factors associated with dengue reinfection. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, between January 2022 and August 2022. Methodology: A total of 500 adult patients aged 18 years or above; admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of dengue were included in the study. Information was collected regarding clinical and demographic data using structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The current study reported an incidence of 3.8% for dengue re-infection and an incidence of 19% for co-infection among adult dengue patients. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain while bleeding, acute kidney injury, and nosocomial infection were the most common complications with a proportion of 10.6% (n=53), 7.8% (n=39) and 4.2% (n=21). The study could not find any statistical association between the socio-demographic factors and disease-related characteristics. Conclusion: This study determines a low incidence proportion of dengue re-infection and co-infection among adult patients admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of dengue infection at a private tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Bleeding, nosocomial infection, and acute kidney injury were identified as the most frequent medical complications among hospitalized dengue patients. The study did not show any statistically significant risk factors associated with dengue re-infection. Large scale multi-center studies are warranted with sufficient sample size and objective assessment methods to determine the incidence of dengue re-infection and co-infection as well as for the identification of risk factors associated with dengue re-infection among the adult population of Pakistan.
{"title":"Dengue Reinfection and Co-infection: A Study of Incidence and Outcomes in Adults Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Sadaf Hanif, Aisha Jamal, Rameen Aijaz, Rodaba Iqbal","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71566","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the occurrence of re-infection and co-infection with dengue among the adult population in Karachi, Pakistan. In addition, to determine the frequency of various medical complications among dengue patients with or without co-infection and reinfection. And to identify possible risk factors associated with dengue reinfection. \u0000Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, between January 2022 and August 2022. \u0000Methodology: A total of 500 adult patients aged 18 years or above; admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of dengue were included in the study. Information was collected regarding clinical and demographic data using structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. \u0000Results: The current study reported an incidence of 3.8% for dengue re-infection and an incidence of 19% for co-infection among adult dengue patients. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain while bleeding, acute kidney injury, and nosocomial infection were the most common complications with a proportion of 10.6% (n=53), 7.8% (n=39) and 4.2% (n=21). The study could not find any statistical association between the socio-demographic factors and disease-related characteristics. \u0000Conclusion: This study determines a low incidence proportion of dengue re-infection and co-infection among adult patients admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of dengue infection at a private tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Bleeding, nosocomial infection, and acute kidney injury were identified as the most frequent medical complications among hospitalized dengue patients. The study did not show any statistically significant risk factors associated with dengue re-infection. Large scale multi-center studies are warranted with sufficient sample size and objective assessment methods to determine the incidence of dengue re-infection and co-infection as well as for the identification of risk factors associated with dengue re-infection among the adult population of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"105 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71565
Nwokeforo U Nathan, Ezuruike O Ezinwa, Okorochukwu Bartholomew, O. Chiemeka
The management of preterm babies are usually challenging with one significant issue being anaemia, which often requires multiple blood transfusions and their associated complications. Delayed cord clamping during delivery have been identified as a proactive measure to reduce the need for multiple blood transfusion in preterm babies. We present three case series of preterm babies delivered and managed with intentional delayed cord clamping [DCC], to strengthen the advocacy for the practice particularly in developing and less developed nations where blood transfusion facilities and practice may be inadequate.
{"title":"Role of Delayed Cord Clamping in Limiting Blood Transfusion in Preterm Babies’: A Series of Three Nigerian Cases","authors":"Nwokeforo U Nathan, Ezuruike O Ezinwa, Okorochukwu Bartholomew, O. Chiemeka","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71565","url":null,"abstract":"The management of preterm babies are usually challenging with one significant issue being anaemia, which often requires multiple blood transfusions and their associated complications. Delayed cord clamping during delivery have been identified as a proactive measure to reduce the need for multiple blood transfusion in preterm babies. We present three case series of preterm babies delivered and managed with intentional delayed cord clamping [DCC], to strengthen the advocacy for the practice particularly in developing and less developed nations where blood transfusion facilities and practice may be inadequate.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71560
Christopher Yaw Dumevi, C. M. Owusu-Asenso, Bright Amoah, Joyce Junior Asiamah, Ezekiel K Vicar, James-Paul Kretchy, Nicholas Tete Kwaku Dzifa Dayie, P. Ayeh-Kumi
Background: The negative impact of floods on humans and the environment cannot be overemphasized. Annually, different parts of Ghana get flooded resulting in the loss of lives and significant damage to property. Objective: This study assessed the public health impacts of the controlled spillage of the Akosombo and Kpong dams in Ghana on the people living in downstream and upstream communities. Methods: Government reports, published media reports, NGO publications, and field visits were used to assess the extent of damage, challenges faced by local communities, and mitigation measures initiated. Personal observation by the researcher through transect walk of the affected communities between September 15 and October 30, 2023 was also conducted. Results and Discussion: The spillage led to the loss of critical infrastructure such as schools, houses, toilet facilities, water supply systems and electricity. Overcrowding in temporary shelters provided for displaced persons served as a conduit for possible transmission of communicable diseases. The suspension of healthcare services in areas inundated by flood waters worsened the plight of residents including the vulnerable members of the society such as pregnant women, children, the aged, persons living with disability and the very poor. The submersion of farmlands, crops and drowning of livestock and poultry had serious implication for food security and the livelihoods of the affected individuals. The current study comprehensively captured the scale of devastation of the floods on people and their livelihoods in 7 out of the 16 regions within 21 administrative districts across Ghana, and proposed workable strategies to mitigate future happenings. Conclusion: The public health impacts resulting from the controlled spillage of the Akosombo and Kpong Dams on affected individuals was enormous. Possible surge in vector-borne disease transmission such as malaria, dengue, zika, and a probable increase in communicable and non-communicable diseases. Although short term measures were adopted to mitigate the impact of the flood on affected individuals through the provision of clean water, beddings, emergency food relief, long-term resilience strategies including early warning systems, climate sensitive interventions, effective collaboration among key stakeholders and disaster preparedness at the local level will help avert or reduce the severity of future floods. The study underscored the urgent need for comprehensive measures to mitigate the impacts of future disasters and enhance community resilience.
{"title":"Spillage of Akosombo and Kpong Dams in Ghana: Perspectives on Public Health Impacts on Affected Populations and Proposed Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Christopher Yaw Dumevi, C. M. Owusu-Asenso, Bright Amoah, Joyce Junior Asiamah, Ezekiel K Vicar, James-Paul Kretchy, Nicholas Tete Kwaku Dzifa Dayie, P. Ayeh-Kumi","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71560","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The negative impact of floods on humans and the environment cannot be overemphasized. Annually, different parts of Ghana get flooded resulting in the loss of lives and significant damage to property. \u0000Objective: This study assessed the public health impacts of the controlled spillage of the Akosombo and Kpong dams in Ghana on the people living in downstream and upstream communities. \u0000Methods: Government reports, published media reports, NGO publications, and field visits were used to assess the extent of damage, challenges faced by local communities, and mitigation measures initiated. Personal observation by the researcher through transect walk of the affected communities between September 15 and October 30, 2023 was also conducted. \u0000Results and Discussion: The spillage led to the loss of critical infrastructure such as schools, houses, toilet facilities, water supply systems and electricity. Overcrowding in temporary shelters provided for displaced persons served as a conduit for possible transmission of communicable diseases. The suspension of healthcare services in areas inundated by flood waters worsened the plight of residents including the vulnerable members of the society such as pregnant women, children, the aged, persons living with disability and the very poor. The submersion of farmlands, crops and drowning of livestock and poultry had serious implication for food security and the livelihoods of the affected individuals. The current study comprehensively captured the scale of devastation of the floods on people and their livelihoods in 7 out of the 16 regions within 21 administrative districts across Ghana, and proposed workable strategies to mitigate future happenings. \u0000Conclusion: The public health impacts resulting from the controlled spillage of the Akosombo and Kpong Dams on affected individuals was enormous. Possible surge in vector-borne disease transmission such as malaria, dengue, zika, and a probable increase in communicable and non-communicable diseases. Although short term measures were adopted to mitigate the impact of the flood on affected individuals through the provision of clean water, beddings, emergency food relief, long-term resilience strategies including early warning systems, climate sensitive interventions, effective collaboration among key stakeholders and disaster preparedness at the local level will help avert or reduce the severity of future floods. The study underscored the urgent need for comprehensive measures to mitigate the impacts of future disasters and enhance community resilience.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"59 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71559
Ogedegbe S. Idemudia, Isabu O. Danibelle, Chiegboka S. Frances, Idialu. O. Perpetual, Uhomoibhi O. David, Chukwuneke M. Osita, Chinedu M. Ekene, Yakubu F. Damilola, Odion E. Hendrix, Uangbaoje A. Cyril, Eguare O. Grace, Ehizuelen G. Ehis, Akhaine J. Precious
Background: Medical waste, also referred to as healthcare waste, has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “all the waste generated within healthcare facilities, research centers, and laboratories related to medical procedures; including the same types of waste generated from other scattered sources and homes”. Objectives: The main aim of this project was to assess waste disposal practices in Primary health facility in Esan Central Local Goverrnment Area in Edo State. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 65 staff members among primary health care facilities in Esan Central Local Government in Irrua, Edo state. The study involved using a simple random sampling technique. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 software for descriptive statistics. The Chi square test was used to test for association and the level of significance was set as p < 0.05. Results: The study showed that majority of the participants (87%) had a good knowledge on health care waste management. Incineration (70.5%) is identified as the main method of disposal of waste along with sanitary landfill. As regards knowledge of the risk of poor disposal method, it was seen that the majority of the participants had good knowledge (85%) on the risk and negative impact this will have on people and the community at large. Conclusion: In this study, there was good knowledge on waste management and the participants understood the risk involved when there is poor management of waste.
背景：世界卫生组织（WHO）将医疗废物定义为 "医疗机构、研究中心和实验室内产生的与医疗程序相关的所有废物；包括其他分散来源和家庭产生的同类废物"。目标：本项目的主要目的是评估埃多州埃桑中央地方政府区的初级医疗机构的废物处理方法。研究方法：这是在埃多州伊鲁阿市埃桑中央地方政府初级卫生保健设施的 65 名工作人员中开展的一项横断面研究。研究采用了简单随机抽样技术。数据使用 IBM SPSS 21.0 版软件进行描述性统计分析。采用卡方检验法检验相关性，显著性水平设定为 p <0.05。结果研究表明，大多数参与者（87%）对医疗废物管理有较好的了解。焚化（70.5%）和卫生填埋是处理废物的主要方法。至于对不良处置方法的风险的了解，大多数参与者（85%）对这种方法的风险和对人们及整个社区的负面影响有很好的了解。结论在这项研究中，参与者对废物管理有很好的认识，并了解废物管理不善所带来的风险。
{"title":"Evaluation of Waste Disposal Practices in Primary Healthcare Facilities in Rural Communities of Nigeria","authors":"Ogedegbe S. Idemudia, Isabu O. Danibelle, Chiegboka S. Frances, Idialu. O. Perpetual, Uhomoibhi O. David, Chukwuneke M. Osita, Chinedu M. Ekene, Yakubu F. Damilola, Odion E. Hendrix, Uangbaoje A. Cyril, Eguare O. Grace, Ehizuelen G. Ehis, Akhaine J. Precious","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71559","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical waste, also referred to as healthcare waste, has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “all the waste generated within healthcare facilities, research centers, and laboratories related to medical procedures; including the same types of waste generated from other scattered sources and homes”. \u0000Objectives: The main aim of this project was to assess waste disposal practices in Primary health facility in Esan Central Local Goverrnment Area in Edo State. \u0000Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 65 staff members among primary health care facilities in Esan Central Local Government in Irrua, Edo state. The study involved using a simple random sampling technique. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 software for descriptive statistics. The Chi square test was used to test for association and the level of significance was set as p < 0.05. \u0000Results: The study showed that majority of the participants (87%) had a good knowledge on health care waste management. Incineration (70.5%) is identified as the main method of disposal of waste along with sanitary landfill. As regards knowledge of the risk of poor disposal method, it was seen that the majority of the participants had good knowledge (85%) on the risk and negative impact this will have on people and the community at large. \u0000Conclusion: In this study, there was good knowledge on waste management and the participants understood the risk involved when there is poor management of waste.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71557
Varada Soujanya, R. B. Nalanda
Introduction: Favipiravir is an antiviral medication shown to be broad spectrum activity against RNA viruses, and potentially treating the COVID-19. Methodology: In this study, the HPLC method for the quantification of degradation impurities (Favipiravir Acid Impurities) were developed and validated for Favipiravir in Tablet dosage form. The specificity of the method was achieved in analytical column Agilent HPLC-C18, 5µm, (4.6 x250) mm. using a suitable mobile phase was 10 mM Phosphate buffer (pH 3.5 with orthophosphoric acid) and Acetonitrile in the Isocratic more of 70:30 v/v. The flow rate is 1.0 mL/min. the injection volume is 10 µL, detection at 320 nm in UV and total run time is 8.0 minutes. The samples were made for forced degradation under hydrolysis, oxidation, photolytic and thermal conditions. The method was validated for specific, selective, linear, robust and accurate as per the ICH guidelines. Results and Conclusion: The linearity of the method for Impurities and the analytes was found from 25 to 150 % concentration level with the correlation coefficient (r2) > 0.999. The accuracy for impurity and the analytes was performed from 50 to 150% level concentration, and mean recovery was found from 98-102%. The analytical degradation and validated study results indicate its unstable nature in acidic, basic and thermal conditions. Therefore, this method is simple, selective and sensitive, this method can be used in pharmaceutical research and development and quality control departments.
{"title":"Stability-indicating Reverse Phase-HPLC Method Development and Method Validation for Quantitative Determination of Degradation Products in Favipiravir API and Drug Product","authors":"Varada Soujanya, R. B. Nalanda","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71557","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Favipiravir is an antiviral medication shown to be broad spectrum activity against RNA viruses, and potentially treating the COVID-19. \u0000Methodology: In this study, the HPLC method for the quantification of degradation impurities (Favipiravir Acid Impurities) were developed and validated for Favipiravir in Tablet dosage form. The specificity of the method was achieved in analytical column Agilent HPLC-C18, 5µm, (4.6 x250) mm. using a suitable mobile phase was 10 mM Phosphate buffer (pH 3.5 with orthophosphoric acid) and Acetonitrile in the Isocratic more of 70:30 v/v. The flow rate is 1.0 mL/min. the injection volume is 10 µL, detection at 320 nm in UV and total run time is 8.0 minutes. The samples were made for forced degradation under hydrolysis, oxidation, photolytic and thermal conditions. The method was validated for specific, selective, linear, robust and accurate as per the ICH guidelines. \u0000Results and Conclusion: The linearity of the method for Impurities and the analytes was found from 25 to 150 % concentration level with the correlation coefficient (r2) > 0.999. The accuracy for impurity and the analytes was performed from 50 to 150% level concentration, and mean recovery was found from 98-102%. The analytical degradation and validated study results indicate its unstable nature in acidic, basic and thermal conditions. Therefore, this method is simple, selective and sensitive, this method can be used in pharmaceutical research and development and quality control departments.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71558
Airenakho Emorinken, M. Dic-Ijiewere, Eseohe Victoria Uhomohasebhor, Jane Noma Iguma-Asaka, Ndidi Akerele, B. Akpasubi, P. Adunbiola, Barbara Okoh, Hannah O. Izirein, Orebowale A. Olugbemide
Background: Malaria is a public health concern deeply ingrained within local communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Local beliefs and practices play a critical role in defining the effectiveness of control measures. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria in a rural community in South-South Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ugun in South-South Nigeria. Data were collected from the participants using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and a P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: This study included 300 participants with a mean age of 51.6 ± 20.9 years. The results showed that 28.3% had good knowledge, 55.7% had a positive attitude, and 44.7% demonstrated good practices regarding malaria. Knowledge scores were associated with the education (P < 0.012) and occupation (P < 0.001) of participants, while attitude scores were associated with the occupation (P = 0.002) and marital status of participants (P < 0.001). Age, education, occupation, and marital status were associated with participants' practice scores (P < 0.001). Civil servants (OR = 4.97; 95% CI: 1.69 - 14.61; P = 0.004) and pensioners (OR = 7.26; 95% CI: 1.98-26.61; P = 0.003) had higher odds of having good knowledge of malaria than farmers. Married participants (OR = 5.02; 95% CI: 1.51 - 16.66; P = 0.008) and those with good knowledge (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.11 - 3.42; P = 0.021) had higher odds of exhibiting a positive attitude. Participants with primary (OR = 6.21; 95% CI: 2.59 - 14.86; P < 0.001) and secondary (OR = 12.04; 95% CI: 3.89 - 37.31); P < 0.001) education had higher odds of adopting good practices than those with informal education. Conclusion: Although more than half of the participants had a positive attitude towards malaria, the majority showed insufficient knowledge and poor practices related to the disease. This highlights the pressing need for targeted public health educational programs to improve community understanding and promote effective practices for malaria control.
{"title":"Insights into Malaria: A Cross-sectional Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in South-South Nigeria","authors":"Airenakho Emorinken, M. Dic-Ijiewere, Eseohe Victoria Uhomohasebhor, Jane Noma Iguma-Asaka, Ndidi Akerele, B. Akpasubi, P. Adunbiola, Barbara Okoh, Hannah O. Izirein, Orebowale A. Olugbemide","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71558","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria is a public health concern deeply ingrained within local communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Local beliefs and practices play a critical role in defining the effectiveness of control measures. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria in a rural community in South-South Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ugun in South-South Nigeria. Data were collected from the participants using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and a P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: This study included 300 participants with a mean age of 51.6 ± 20.9 years. The results showed that 28.3% had good knowledge, 55.7% had a positive attitude, and 44.7% demonstrated good practices regarding malaria. Knowledge scores were associated with the education (P < 0.012) and occupation (P < 0.001) of participants, while attitude scores were associated with the occupation (P = 0.002) and marital status of participants (P < 0.001). Age, education, occupation, and marital status were associated with participants' practice scores (P < 0.001). Civil servants (OR = 4.97; 95% CI: 1.69 - 14.61; P = 0.004) and pensioners (OR = 7.26; 95% CI: 1.98-26.61; P = 0.003) had higher odds of having good knowledge of malaria than farmers. Married participants (OR = 5.02; 95% CI: 1.51 - 16.66; P = 0.008) and those with good knowledge (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.11 - 3.42; P = 0.021) had higher odds of exhibiting a positive attitude. Participants with primary (OR = 6.21; 95% CI: 2.59 - 14.86; P < 0.001) and secondary (OR = 12.04; 95% CI: 3.89 - 37.31); P < 0.001) education had higher odds of adopting good practices than those with informal education. \u0000Conclusion: Although more than half of the participants had a positive attitude towards malaria, the majority showed insufficient knowledge and poor practices related to the disease. This highlights the pressing need for targeted public health educational programs to improve community understanding and promote effective practices for malaria control.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":" 360","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71556
Aden Ismail Hassan, Atei Kerochi, A. O. Odongo
This thesis discusses the significance of prenatal depression among adolescent mothers, focusing on its prevalence and associated factors. Prenatal depression, a type of clinical depression occurring during pregnancy, affects both mothers and children. The study highlights negative outcomes such as decreased maternal confidence and increased likelihood of subsequent pregnancies. Global prevalence rates, particularly higher in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), are noted. In the African context, cultural and social factors exacerbate mental health challenges among pregnant and postpartum adolescents. The research aims to address prenatal depression in Wajir County, Kenya, citing the lack of studies in Africa and the need for tailored interventions. Objectives include determining prevalence and identifying associated factors. Factors contributing to prenatal depression include economic status, socio-demographics, cultural aspects, adverse life events, and healthcare-related issues. The study utilizes a hospital-based case-control design, recruiting adolescent mothers from Wajir County Referral Hospital. Data collection involves questionnaire administration and EPDS scale assessment. Findings reveal a prevalence of 33.3%, with socio-cultural, maternal, and healthcare factors influencing depression rates. Recommendations include routine screening, community-based awareness campaigns, targeted interventions, enhanced healthcare training, and advocacy for mental health integration in antenatal care.
{"title":"Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Prenatal Depression among Adolescent Mothers Seeking Ante-Natal Care at Wajir County Referral Hospital","authors":"Aden Ismail Hassan, Atei Kerochi, A. O. Odongo","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i71556","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis discusses the significance of prenatal depression among adolescent mothers, focusing on its prevalence and associated factors. Prenatal depression, a type of clinical depression occurring during pregnancy, affects both mothers and children. The study highlights negative outcomes such as decreased maternal confidence and increased likelihood of subsequent pregnancies. Global prevalence rates, particularly higher in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), are noted. In the African context, cultural and social factors exacerbate mental health challenges among pregnant and postpartum adolescents. The research aims to address prenatal depression in Wajir County, Kenya, citing the lack of studies in Africa and the need for tailored interventions. Objectives include determining prevalence and identifying associated factors. Factors contributing to prenatal depression include economic status, socio-demographics, cultural aspects, adverse life events, and healthcare-related issues. The study utilizes a hospital-based case-control design, recruiting adolescent mothers from Wajir County Referral Hospital. Data collection involves questionnaire administration and EPDS scale assessment. Findings reveal a prevalence of 33.3%, with socio-cultural, maternal, and healthcare factors influencing depression rates. Recommendations include routine screening, community-based awareness campaigns, targeted interventions, enhanced healthcare training, and advocacy for mental health integration in antenatal care.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61553
Rofiat Adewunmi, A. Gidado, Hassan B. Yesufu, Hassan Zanna
Background: Clinical treatments for snakebite envenomation typically involve the administration of antivenom, which can lead to various side effects. However, due to the limitations of conventional antivenoms in effectively treating snakebite envenomation, scientists are now exploring alternative sources for potential antivenom compounds, particularly those derived from plants. Solanum dasyphyllum belongs to the Solanaceae family. This plant has been found to possess several beneficial properties, including neuromuscular, anti-poisoning, and antispasmodic effects. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and the In-vivo detoxifying effect of S. dasyphyllum extract against N. nigricollis-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening and anticoagulant assays were conducted using standard procedures. The neutralizing and detoxifying effects of S. dasyphyllum were investigated in-vivo using locally bred adult Swiss mice. The neutralizing effect was evaluated in mice by administering a mixture of N. nigricollis venom and methanol leaf extract of S. dasyphyllum (100-400 mg/kg). The detoxifying effect was investigated by administering S. dasyphyllum via the intramuscular route 10 minutes after inoculation with N. nigricollis venom through the intraperitoneal route. Results: The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, and the absence of anthraquinone and starch. The results of the clotting time of human blood treated with N. nigricollis venom showed a significant reduction in the clotting time with an increase in the concentration of methanol leaf extract of S. dasyphyllum. Additionally, the mortality of the mice that were pre-treated with N. nigricollis venom before injected with various doses of plant extract and those that were co-administered with the venom and plant extract significantly lower compared to mice administered with the venom alone. S. dasyphyllum significantly reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase compared to the untreated group. Conclusions: S. dasyphyllum possesses antivenom activity against N. nigricollis, and this result further supports the ethnomedical use of the plant in the treatment of snakebite envenomation.
背景：临床治疗毒蛇咬伤通常需要注射抗蛇毒血清，这可能会导致各种副作用。然而，由于传统抗蛇毒血清在有效治疗蛇咬伤毒液中毒方面的局限性，科学家们正在探索潜在抗蛇毒血清化合物的替代来源，特别是从植物中提取的化合物。Solanum dasyphyllum 属于茄科植物。这种植物已被发现具有多种有益特性，包括神经肌肉、抗中毒和解痉作用。研究目的本研究旨在调查 S. dasyphyllum 提取物的植物化学成分和体内解毒效果，以对抗 N. nigricollis 诱导的毒性。材料与方法：采用标准程序进行植物化学筛选和抗凝血试验。使用当地饲养的成年瑞士小鼠对 S. dasyphyllum 的中和及解毒作用进行了体内研究。通过给小鼠注射 Nigricollis 毒液和 S. dasyphyllum 的甲醇叶提取物（100-400 mg/kg）的混合物，评估了中和作用。在通过腹腔途径接种 Nigricollis 毒液 10 分钟后，通过肌肉注射途径给 S. dasyphyllum 注射，研究其解毒效果。研究结果植物化学筛选结果表明，该药含有鞣质、强心苷、皂苷、黄酮和生物碱，不含蒽醌和淀粉。用 Nigricollis 毒液处理人体血液的凝血时间结果显示，随着 S. dasyphyllum 甲醇叶提取物浓度的增加，凝血时间显著缩短。此外，在注射不同剂量的植物萃取物之前先用 Nigricollis 毒液处理的小鼠，以及同时注射毒液和植物萃取物的小鼠，其死亡率明显低于单独注射毒液的小鼠。与未处理组相比，S. dasyphyllum 能明显降低脂质过氧化程度和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性。结论S. dasyphyllum具有抗N. nigricollis蛇毒血清的活性，这一结果进一步支持了该植物在治疗蛇咬伤中毒方面的民族医学用途。
{"title":"Neutralizing Effect of Solanum dasyphyllum Schumach. &Thonn Extract against Naja nigricollis Venom-induced Toxicity","authors":"Rofiat Adewunmi, A. Gidado, Hassan B. Yesufu, Hassan Zanna","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61553","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical treatments for snakebite envenomation typically involve the administration of antivenom, which can lead to various side effects. However, due to the limitations of conventional antivenoms in effectively treating snakebite envenomation, scientists are now exploring alternative sources for potential antivenom compounds, particularly those derived from plants. Solanum dasyphyllum belongs to the Solanaceae family. This plant has been found to possess several beneficial properties, including neuromuscular, anti-poisoning, and antispasmodic effects. \u0000Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and the In-vivo detoxifying effect of S. dasyphyllum extract against N. nigricollis-induced toxicity. \u0000Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening and anticoagulant assays were conducted using standard procedures. The neutralizing and detoxifying effects of S. dasyphyllum were investigated in-vivo using locally bred adult Swiss mice. The neutralizing effect was evaluated in mice by administering a mixture of N. nigricollis venom and methanol leaf extract of S. dasyphyllum (100-400 mg/kg). The detoxifying effect was investigated by administering S. dasyphyllum via the intramuscular route 10 minutes after inoculation with N. nigricollis venom through the intraperitoneal route. \u0000Results: The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, and the absence of anthraquinone and starch. The results of the clotting time of human blood treated with N. nigricollis venom showed a significant reduction in the clotting time with an increase in the concentration of methanol leaf extract of S. dasyphyllum. Additionally, the mortality of the mice that were pre-treated with N. nigricollis venom before injected with various doses of plant extract and those that were co-administered with the venom and plant extract significantly lower compared to mice administered with the venom alone. S. dasyphyllum significantly reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase compared to the untreated group. \u0000Conclusions: S. dasyphyllum possesses antivenom activity against N. nigricollis, and this result further supports the ethnomedical use of the plant in the treatment of snakebite envenomation.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"297 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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