Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61536
O. O. Oluwajide, R. Olowe, O. Adefioye, O. C. Adekunle, F. M. Adeyemi, S. B. Akinde, E.F Aluko, O. A. Olowe
Background: Virulence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens are one of the most universal threats to public health care. Materials: In this study, a total of two hundred and fifty-seven (257) enteric bacteria isolated from human rectal swabs and cattle dung were screened for production of low-toxic, high target-specific bactericidal macromolecule peptides (Bacteriocin) against strains of E. coli 0157: H7 using agar well diffusion method. The producer isolates were exposed to ultra-violet (UV) rays (UV 302nm and 254nm) for induction. Results: Out of the 257 isolates, 21 (8.1%) were active against E. coli 0157: H7 due to their constitutive bacteriocin, however, on the induction by UV ray; only 7 (2.1%) retained their potency for bacteriocin production. Three (42.9%) of seven isolates were randomly selected for genotypic screening (Col 28b (L) and Col K genes) because of their increased zone of inhibition (bioactive ability) after exposure to UV ray; the isolates also showed resistance to ≤ 2 classes of antibiotics and exhibited Gamma/alpha haemolysis. Conclusion: This study revealed Serratia marcescens in this work to possess an antimicrobial molecule of bacteriocinogenic type with possession of Col 28b gene.
{"title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of UV-induced Bacteriocin Production in Enteric Gram-Negative Rods and their Activity against Escherichia coli O157: H7","authors":"O. O. Oluwajide, R. Olowe, O. Adefioye, O. C. Adekunle, F. M. Adeyemi, S. B. Akinde, E.F Aluko, O. A. Olowe","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61536","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Virulence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens are one of the most universal threats to public health care. \u0000Materials: In this study, a total of two hundred and fifty-seven (257) enteric bacteria isolated from human rectal swabs and cattle dung were screened for production of low-toxic, high target-specific bactericidal macromolecule peptides (Bacteriocin) against strains of E. coli 0157: H7 using agar well diffusion method. The producer isolates were exposed to ultra-violet (UV) rays (UV 302nm and 254nm) for induction. \u0000Results: Out of the 257 isolates, 21 (8.1%) were active against E. coli 0157: H7 due to their constitutive bacteriocin, however, on the induction by UV ray; only 7 (2.1%) retained their potency for bacteriocin production. Three (42.9%) of seven isolates were randomly selected for genotypic screening (Col 28b (L) and Col K genes) because of their increased zone of inhibition (bioactive ability) after exposure to UV ray; the isolates also showed resistance to ≤ 2 classes of antibiotics and exhibited Gamma/alpha haemolysis. \u0000Conclusion: This study revealed Serratia marcescens in this work to possess an antimicrobial molecule of bacteriocinogenic type with possession of Col 28b gene.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"27 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61534
Watching Djakissam, Thelma Epole Agberndifor, N. Honoré, Ebude Roda Nzegge, Zeuko’o Menkem Elisabeth, Yimtchi Ngassa Christian Lavoisier, Abange William Baiye, Emmanuel Rode Mengue
Background: The malaria parasite Plasmodium is intra-erythrocyte hence can be transmitted by transfusion of any blood component containing infected red blood cells. Helicobacter pylori infection affects more than half of the human population worldwide. Infection remains asymptomatic in most individuals, although some individuals develop acute gastritis, peptic or duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa associated tissue lymphoma. H. pylori infection have been implicated in some haematological manifestations such as anaemia and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: This research was designed to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and H. pylori coinfection in association with sociodemographic characteristics among donors in Douala General Hospital. Methodology: The study was a hospital-based study carried out from January to May 2022. The study population comprised of 106 donors who came to the hospital laboratory for blood donation. A structured questionnaire was used to get demographic and clinical data. Two ml of blood was collected from individuals to prepare a thick and thin blood film for malaria parasite determination and to centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma for H. pylori test strip. Results and Discussion: The overall prevalence of H. pylori in the study area was 70.8%. The female donors had a prevalence of 72.0%. A greater proportion of blood group O donors had H. pylori than groups A, AB and B but this difference was not significant (P-value = 0.571). The prevalence of malaria parasites infection was 36.8%. Those of blood group A had a higher prevalence rate of 42.3% (11/26). Out of the 106 donors, 23 (21.7%) had malaria and H. pylori coinfection. 68 (64.2%) donors had a mono-infection that is either having malaria mono-infection or H. pylori mono-infection and 15 (14.2%) had no infection. Malaria and H. pylori coinfection was higher in female donors than males (OR = 1.059, 95% Cl 0.359 -3.119, P =0.917), in donors aged below 25 years old (OR = 0.338, 95% Cl 0.075 - 1.535, P =0.160), replacement donors (OR = 1.350, 95% Cl 0.460 – 3.964, P =0.585); blood donors of blood group AB (OR = 0.654, 95% Cl 0.181 – 2.366, P =0.517) and Rhesus negative donors (OR = 1.500, 95% Cl 0.130 – 17.36, P =0.746). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and Malaria among blood donors in Douala General Hospital were high and coinfection was higher in females than males. Both malaria parasites and H. pylori infections have been implicated in blood parameters such as anaemia and micronutrient deficiency. It is therefore recommended that routine screening for malaria parasites and H. pylori be done in blood banks before transfusion for a high blood quality.
{"title":"Prevalence of Malaria and Helicobacter Pylori Coinfection and Associated Sociodemographic Factors among Blood Donors in Douala General Hospital","authors":"Watching Djakissam, Thelma Epole Agberndifor, N. Honoré, Ebude Roda Nzegge, Zeuko’o Menkem Elisabeth, Yimtchi Ngassa Christian Lavoisier, Abange William Baiye, Emmanuel Rode Mengue","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i61534","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The malaria parasite Plasmodium is intra-erythrocyte hence can be transmitted by transfusion of any blood component containing infected red blood cells. Helicobacter pylori infection affects more than half of the human population worldwide. Infection remains asymptomatic in most individuals, although some individuals develop acute gastritis, peptic or duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa associated tissue lymphoma. H. pylori infection have been implicated in some haematological manifestations such as anaemia and micronutrient deficiency.\u0000Objective: This research was designed to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and H. pylori coinfection in association with sociodemographic characteristics among donors in Douala General Hospital.\u0000Methodology: The study was a hospital-based study carried out from January to May 2022. The study population comprised of 106 donors who came to the hospital laboratory for blood donation. A structured questionnaire was used to get demographic and clinical data. Two ml of blood was collected from individuals to prepare a thick and thin blood film for malaria parasite determination and to centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain plasma for H. pylori test strip.\u0000Results and Discussion: The overall prevalence of H. pylori in the study area was 70.8%. The female donors had a prevalence of 72.0%. A greater proportion of blood group O donors had H. pylori than groups A, AB and B but this difference was not significant (P-value = 0.571). The prevalence of malaria parasites infection was 36.8%. Those of blood group A had a higher prevalence rate of 42.3% (11/26). Out of the 106 donors, 23 (21.7%) had malaria and H. pylori coinfection. 68 (64.2%) donors had a mono-infection that is either having malaria mono-infection or H. pylori mono-infection and 15 (14.2%) had no infection. Malaria and H. pylori coinfection was higher in female donors than males (OR = 1.059, 95% Cl 0.359 -3.119, P =0.917), in donors aged below 25 years old (OR = 0.338, 95% Cl 0.075 - 1.535, P =0.160), replacement donors (OR = 1.350, 95% Cl 0.460 – 3.964, P =0.585); blood donors of blood group AB (OR = 0.654, 95% Cl 0.181 – 2.366, P =0.517) and Rhesus negative donors (OR = 1.500, 95% Cl 0.130 – 17.36, P =0.746).\u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and Malaria among blood donors in Douala General Hospital were high and coinfection was higher in females than males. Both malaria parasites and H. pylori infections have been implicated in blood parameters such as anaemia and micronutrient deficiency. It is therefore recommended that routine screening for malaria parasites and H. pylori be done in blood banks before transfusion for a high blood quality.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages gums and can destroy the jawbone. It is a disease of the tissue surrounding the tooth structure. It's usually brought on by bad brushing and flossing practices that let plaquea sticky layer of bacteria accumulate and solidify on the teeth. The gums get swollen, red, and bleeding at first. In this perspective, the various mouth disinfection, etc. This study helps to examine the number of herbal plants to evaluate the periodontitis infection. As therapeutic and preventive measures, such as mechanical instrumentation, gingival irrigation, and oral hygiene. Lack of access to contemporary medical care is one of the primary causes of periodontitis in the global population. The present review aims to determine the pharmacological uses of a number of therapeutic herbs. Phytochemical constituents are mainly responsible for periodontitis is allicin; allin; musilage; albumin; alpha-glutamyn peptides; volatile acids; amino acids as methionine, lucine, cystine, vitamin C, demethoxycurcumin, curcuminoids, bisdemethoxycurcumin, volatile oils, tannins, flavonoids, cocumarins, phenylproponoids, naphthalene, analogs, lipids, vitamins, phytodterols. The medicinal plants which are used for the periodontitid activity are Curcuma longa, Aradiachta indica, Aloe barbadens is miller, Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum Cinnamomum verum, piper cubeba etc. due to their phytochemical constituents and biological active components which shows beneficial effects.
{"title":"Evaluation of Periodontitis Prevention by Using Traditional Medicinal Plants","authors":"Madhavi Pillalamarri, Peddinti Harika, Sravanthi Gojuvaka, Samrin Saba, Uma Devi Dasari, Siddhartha Lolla","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51533","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages gums and can destroy the jawbone. It is a disease of the tissue surrounding the tooth structure. It's usually brought on by bad brushing and flossing practices that let plaquea sticky layer of bacteria accumulate and solidify on the teeth. The gums get swollen, red, and bleeding at first. In this perspective, the various mouth disinfection, etc. This study helps to examine the number of herbal plants to evaluate the periodontitis infection. As therapeutic and preventive measures, such as mechanical instrumentation, gingival irrigation, and oral hygiene. Lack of access to contemporary medical care is one of the primary causes of periodontitis in the global population. The present review aims to determine the pharmacological uses of a number of therapeutic herbs. Phytochemical constituents are mainly responsible for periodontitis is allicin; allin; musilage; albumin; alpha-glutamyn peptides; volatile acids; amino acids as methionine, lucine, cystine, vitamin C, demethoxycurcumin, curcuminoids, bisdemethoxycurcumin, volatile oils, tannins, flavonoids, cocumarins, phenylproponoids, naphthalene, analogs, lipids, vitamins, phytodterols. The medicinal plants which are used for the periodontitid activity are Curcuma longa, Aradiachta indica, Aloe barbadens is miller, Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum Cinnamomum verum, piper cubeba etc. due to their phytochemical constituents and biological active components which shows beneficial effects.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"195 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51532
Yuandou Hu, Yan Pan
Objective: To explore how to care for incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD). Methods: To study the nursing of IKD caused by coronary artery disease by referring to relevant literature. Through the analysis of the existing domestic and foreign literature, it is found that correct and timely nursing plays a vital role in the treatment of IKD. Results: Clinical practice showed that timely and effective nursing measures are the important means to treat IKD. Eye care, skin care, and fever care can reduce the pain caused by this disease. Conclusion: Correct, effective and timely nursing measures play an important role in the treatment of IKD.
{"title":"Nursing of Children with Incomplete Kawasaki Disease","authors":"Yuandou Hu, Yan Pan","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51532","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore how to care for incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD). \u0000Methods: To study the nursing of IKD caused by coronary artery disease by referring to relevant literature. Through the analysis of the existing domestic and foreign literature, it is found that correct and timely nursing plays a vital role in the treatment of IKD. \u0000Results: Clinical practice showed that timely and effective nursing measures are the important means to treat IKD. Eye care, skin care, and fever care can reduce the pain caused by this disease. \u0000Conclusion: Correct, effective and timely nursing measures play an important role in the treatment of IKD.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51531
Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, U. Eze, A. Apakama, Emeka Akujuobi Chianakwalam, Peter Olisa Ogazi, C. Ezeude, B. Ochiogu, A. Udeaja
Electronic Medical Records (EMR) has been an integral part of patient management in the developed world but still gradually gaining popularity in the developing world. It was met with resistance by health workers in Nigeria though this is changing in the post COVID era. However, there still appears to be some resistance to its acceptance for different and sometimes justifiable reasons. The aim is to determine the knowledge and attitude towards EMR among eye health workers in a teaching hospital in South East Nigeria. This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among consenting consecutive eye care workers at Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha aged≥ 18years from July to September, 2023. A pretested semi structured self-administered questionnaire was used. Information of interest were biodata, knowledge and attitude towards EMR. They were summarized into simple frequencies and percentages. Knowledge scores were grouped into good and poor using the blooms cut off for knowledge attitude and practice. Univariate and bivariate analysis were done and results represented in tables and charts with levels of significance placed at p<0.05. There was a total of 135 respondents; the mean age was 32.6 years ± 10 SD, male to female ratio of 1:1.1. The result showed good knowledge and positive attitude towards EMR (85.2% and 73.2% respectively) with younger age group, professional cadre and computer literacy found to be associated with good knowledge and positive attitude towards EMR in the population. The hospital/ clinic were the most common sources of EMR information. This study showed good knowledge and positive attitude toward EMR in the study population. It also suggested an association with younger age group, professional cadre and computer literacy.
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Eye Care Workers towards Electronic Medical Records in a Tertiary Eye Facility in South-East Nigeria","authors":"Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, U. Eze, A. Apakama, Emeka Akujuobi Chianakwalam, Peter Olisa Ogazi, C. Ezeude, B. Ochiogu, A. Udeaja","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51531","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic Medical Records (EMR) has been an integral part of patient management in the developed world but still gradually gaining popularity in the developing world. It was met with resistance by health workers in Nigeria though this is changing in the post COVID era. However, there still appears to be some resistance to its acceptance for different and sometimes justifiable reasons. The aim is to determine the knowledge and attitude towards EMR among eye health workers in a teaching hospital in South East Nigeria. This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among consenting consecutive eye care workers at Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha aged≥ 18years from July to September, 2023. A pretested semi structured self-administered questionnaire was used. Information of interest were biodata, knowledge and attitude towards EMR. They were summarized into simple frequencies and percentages. Knowledge scores were grouped into good and poor using the blooms cut off for knowledge attitude and practice. Univariate and bivariate analysis were done and results represented in tables and charts with levels of significance placed at p<0.05. There was a total of 135 respondents; the mean age was 32.6 years ± 10 SD, male to female ratio of 1:1.1. The result showed good knowledge and positive attitude towards EMR (85.2% and 73.2% respectively) with younger age group, professional cadre and computer literacy found to be associated with good knowledge and positive attitude towards EMR in the population. The hospital/ clinic were the most common sources of EMR information. This study showed good knowledge and positive attitude toward EMR in the study population. It also suggested an association with younger age group, professional cadre and computer literacy.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51530
Madina Ali Abdirahman, Dominic Mogere, Anne Musotsi, Alloysius Omoto
Introduction: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that include ending hunger and improving nutrition, preventing child mortality, and lowering the risk of non-communicable diseases, and promoting cognitive development and education are among the many that breastfeeding is essential to achieving including SDG 2, ending hunger and improving nutrition; SDG 3, preventing child mortality. By 2025, the World Health Organization's (WHO) global nutrition targets to increase at least 50% of infants under six months old to exclusively breastfeed (EBF). Objective: To assess knowledge, determinants and measure prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged below six months in Wadajir district, Banadir region- Somalia. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was applied. Systematic sampling method was used to include mothers with infants aged less than 6 months in search of healthcare in Wadajir health center-mother and child health clinic. Study period was August to September 2023. Close ended structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered into SPSS, multiple analysis was used to correlate independent variables like cultural barriers, maternal barriers, policy barriers, health system barriers with dependent variable of exclusive breastfeeding. Results: The study population comprised 353 mothers; about 65% were aged 25 to 35 years and 76% of them were housewives. The study established that 65% of mothers in Wadajir district who visited the health facility during study period were practicing exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. On Knowledge, More than half (59%) of the mothers were not aware of the duration of EBF and there was a correlation between EBF and mother education level (P=0.213). there was no relationship between maternal determinants of EBF and low rates of EBF. There was statistically significant correlation (P=0.199) between EBF and the number of pregnancies. Because of having frequent and close pregnancy outweigh EBF and overall breastfeeding, and infant care. Conclusion: There is poor knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Wadajir district, Somalia. Maternal education, the number of children, the place of delivery, and the educational attainment were all found to be related to exclusive breastfeeding.
{"title":"Assessment of Prevelance and Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers with Infants Aged under Six Months in Wadajir District, Banadir Region, Somalia","authors":"Madina Ali Abdirahman, Dominic Mogere, Anne Musotsi, Alloysius Omoto","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51530","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that include ending hunger and improving nutrition, preventing child mortality, and lowering the risk of non-communicable diseases, and promoting cognitive development and education are among the many that breastfeeding is essential to achieving including SDG 2, ending hunger and improving nutrition; SDG 3, preventing child mortality. By 2025, the World Health Organization's (WHO) global nutrition targets to increase at least 50% of infants under six months old to exclusively breastfeed (EBF). \u0000Objective: To assess knowledge, determinants and measure prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged below six months in Wadajir district, Banadir region- Somalia. \u0000Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was applied. Systematic sampling method was used to include mothers with infants aged less than 6 months in search of healthcare in Wadajir health center-mother and child health clinic. Study period was August to September 2023. Close ended structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered into SPSS, multiple analysis was used to correlate independent variables like cultural barriers, maternal barriers, policy barriers, health system barriers with dependent variable of exclusive breastfeeding. \u0000Results: The study population comprised 353 mothers; about 65% were aged 25 to 35 years and 76% of them were housewives. The study established that 65% of mothers in Wadajir district who visited the health facility during study period were practicing exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. On Knowledge, More than half (59%) of the mothers were not aware of the duration of EBF and there was a correlation between EBF and mother education level (P=0.213). there was no relationship between maternal determinants of EBF and low rates of EBF. There was statistically significant correlation (P=0.199) between EBF and the number of pregnancies. Because of having frequent and close pregnancy outweigh EBF and overall breastfeeding, and infant care. \u0000Conclusion: There is poor knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Wadajir district, Somalia. Maternal education, the number of children, the place of delivery, and the educational attainment were all found to be related to exclusive breastfeeding.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140216527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alcohol use disorder is frequently accompanied with the diverse and sometimes fatal consequence of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Many patients with AUD may develop AWS during their Emergency Department stay, and AUD is one of the top causes of death worldwide. This study summarizes the etiology, epidemiology, and emergency management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and Alcohol Use Disorder.The influence of AWS on the therapy of ED is highlighted, along with its temporal course. Once AWS is diagnosed, the most common therapy is still symptom- triggered benzodiazepine injection; however, patients who have significant medical or psychiatric comorbidities or are about to be discharged may not be good candidates for this approachIn these circumstances, emergency department doctors can consider employing alternative regimens based on state-of-the-art anticonvulsants or shorter barbiturate durations. For clinical practice, specific treatment procedures are described. Lastly, in addition to managing acute patients' AWS, emergency physicians also need to provide the groundwork for effective AUD therapy. A strategy for the patient with AUD's disposition is offered.
{"title":"Review of Abstinence Syndrome: A Comprehensive Analysis of Current Practices and Recommendations","authors":"Lolla Siddhartha, Jemini Charan, Nanna Saraswathi, Todima Deepika, Kolupula Shireesha, Sunkari Rachana","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i51529","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use disorder is frequently accompanied with the diverse and sometimes fatal consequence of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Many patients with AUD may develop AWS during their Emergency Department stay, and AUD is one of the top causes of death worldwide. This study summarizes the etiology, epidemiology, and emergency management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and Alcohol Use Disorder.The influence of AWS on the therapy of ED is highlighted, along with its temporal course. Once AWS is diagnosed, the most common therapy is still symptom- triggered benzodiazepine injection; however, patients who have significant medical or psychiatric comorbidities or are about to be discharged may not be good candidates for this approachIn these circumstances, emergency department doctors can consider employing alternative regimens based on state-of-the-art anticonvulsants or shorter barbiturate durations. For clinical practice, specific treatment procedures are described. Lastly, in addition to managing acute patients' AWS, emergency physicians also need to provide the groundwork for effective AUD therapy. A strategy for the patient with AUD's disposition is offered.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"36 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41528
Jagdeesh S. Natesan, Suganthini Krishnan, Teena Chopra
The COVID-19 pandemic has made a significant impact on public health globally and has unleashed an array of deficiencies that have already crippled our health care system. It also brought out the health care disparities among minorities and thrust health inequity to the limelight. Hospital readmission is one descriptive marker for overall patient clinical prognosis. Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19), 30-day-all cause readmission rates was highest in patients with heart failure, psychoses, chronic lung disease, and peripheral vascular disease status post-surgical procedure. However, pneumonia is the most common reason for unplanned patient readmission. COVID-19 continues to evolve, from the rising versality in variants to the clinical concerns of longer haulers. This study followed by a review will illustrate COVID-19 post-acute disease role on readmission diagnosis and rates. The aim is to identify most common reason for readmission and overall patient clinical prognosis. Readmitted patients in this study were older. In this QC/QI project the frequent symptom on readmission was respiratory illness and the primary diagnostic codes on readmission were noted to be respiratory failure and “COVID-19 sequelae.” Readmitted patients in this study were older (>61yrs of age), with an equal sex distribution, more likely to have multiple comorbidities, majority were of African American ethnicity, reflecting the disproportionate impact ofCOVID-19 on this group. About 70% of readmissions had a Charlson Comorbidity index of 3 and above reflecting the chronic conditions present in this cohort. Less than 40% of patients were up to date with their COVID 19 immunization and overall mortality rate was close to 12%. Based on our QC/QI analysis, a comprehensive and coordinated approach that addresses important metrics comprising optimal medical management of comorbidities, COVID 19/Pneumococcal immunizations, focus on mental health treatment and homelessness is essential to decrease the risk for readmissions in this population.
{"title":"Risk Factors for Re-admission in Covid-19 Patients from a Tertiary Care Health System: Quality Control (QC) and Quality Improvement (QI) Project","authors":"Jagdeesh S. Natesan, Suganthini Krishnan, Teena Chopra","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41528","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has made a significant impact on public health globally and has unleashed an array of deficiencies that have already crippled our health care system. It also brought out the health care disparities among minorities and thrust health inequity to the limelight. Hospital readmission is one descriptive marker for overall patient clinical prognosis. Prior to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19), 30-day-all cause readmission rates was highest in patients with heart failure, psychoses, chronic lung disease, and peripheral vascular disease status post-surgical procedure. However, pneumonia is the most common reason for unplanned patient readmission. COVID-19 continues to evolve, from the rising versality in variants to the clinical concerns of longer haulers. This study followed by a review will illustrate COVID-19 post-acute disease role on readmission diagnosis and rates. The aim is to identify most common reason for readmission and overall patient clinical prognosis. Readmitted patients in this study were older. \u0000In this QC/QI project the frequent symptom on readmission was respiratory illness and the primary diagnostic codes on readmission were noted to be respiratory failure and “COVID-19 sequelae.” Readmitted patients in this study were older (>61yrs of age), with an equal sex distribution, more likely to have multiple comorbidities, majority were of African American ethnicity, reflecting the disproportionate impact ofCOVID-19 on this group. About 70% of readmissions had a Charlson Comorbidity index of 3 and above reflecting the chronic conditions present in this cohort. Less than 40% of patients were up to date with their COVID 19 immunization and overall mortality rate was close to 12%. Based on our QC/QI analysis, a comprehensive and coordinated approach that addresses important metrics comprising optimal medical management of comorbidities, COVID 19/Pneumococcal immunizations, focus on mental health treatment and homelessness is essential to decrease the risk for readmissions in this population.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"102 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41527
Thomas Opiyo Okumu
Tungiasis, commonly known as jiggers’ infestation, poses significant health challenges within the vulnerable rural population in Kenya. This parasitic skin disease is caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans and primarily affects individuals living in impoverished and overcrowded conditions. The infestation leads to severe discomfort, pain, inflammation, and secondary infections, impacting the physical and mental well-being of those affected. This abstract aims to assess the health challenges brought by tungiasis in rural Kenya and especially in Muranga County, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies, treatment interventions, and public health education to combat this neglected tropical disease. It will also aim at providing an overview of a study conducted to assess the health challenges associated with tungiasis in Muranga County, Kenya. It will also explore the significant health challenges and effects of tungiasis which is also known as jigger’s infestation on rural population in Kenya and provide recommendations on means and measures that should be taken by the department of public health within the ministry of health of Kenya and other stakeholders in improving healthcare conditions for the focus population and transform the plea of this rural population and other rural populations affected within Kenya.
{"title":"The Burden of Tungiasis (Jiggers’ Infestation) and Its Impact on Rural Vulnerable Populations in Kenya: A Comprehensive Health Assessment on Muranga County, Kenya","authors":"Thomas Opiyo Okumu","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41527","url":null,"abstract":"Tungiasis, commonly known as jiggers’ infestation, poses significant health challenges within the vulnerable rural population in Kenya. This parasitic skin disease is caused by the female sand flea Tunga penetrans and primarily affects individuals living in impoverished and overcrowded conditions. The infestation leads to severe discomfort, pain, inflammation, and secondary infections, impacting the physical and mental well-being of those affected. This abstract aims to assess the health challenges brought by tungiasis in rural Kenya and especially in Muranga County, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies, treatment interventions, and public health education to combat this neglected tropical disease. It will also aim at providing an overview of a study conducted to assess the health challenges associated with tungiasis in Muranga County, Kenya. It will also explore the significant health challenges and effects of tungiasis which is also known as jigger’s infestation on rural population in Kenya and provide recommendations on means and measures that should be taken by the department of public health within the ministry of health of Kenya and other stakeholders in improving healthcare conditions for the focus population and transform the plea of this rural population and other rural populations affected within Kenya.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"32 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41525
Oyomi J. K, Irabor P. F. I, Eluehike S. U, Akhigbe A. O, Izevbekhai S. O
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder with multi-organ manifestations including the gall bladder. Studies have shown that individuals with sickle cell disease have strong tendency of developing pigment gallstones due to chronic red blood cell hemolysis and increased bilirubin levels. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the gallbladder changes which includes volume, wall thickness, presence of biliary sludge and prevalence of calculi between age and sex-matched sickle cell disease patients and apparently healthy, normal non-SCD individuals. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study of 50 known SCD patients attending the Haematology clinic of sub-urban tertiary health facility in Nigeria, and equal number of age and sex-matched apparently healthy, non-SCD volunteers attending the Well people clinic of the same hospital as controls. Each subject was evaluated for gallbladder volume, wall thickness, presence of biliary sludge and gallstones using a 3.5-5MHz curvilinear array transducer of a Mindray ultrasound machine, DC-6 model, 2016. Data Analysis: The data collected was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Statistical test was considered significant at p-value ≤ 0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Out of the 100 subjects who underwent scanning, 50 were patients with sickle cell disease, consisting of 29 males (58.0%) and 21 females (42.0%), while the remaining 50 were non-sickle cell disease volunteers serving as controls, comprising 24 males (48.0%) and 26 females (52.0%). Their ages ranged from 2 to 65 years. The mean age of the cases and controls was 22.1±14.7 years and 19.9±12.6 years respectively. Among the patients; 8 (16.0%) had cholecystitis and 10 (20.0%) had gallstones, with no detectable abnormality in the controls. Conclusion: The ultrasonographic prevalence of gallbladder abnormalities was recorded only in patients with sickle cell disease when compared to apparently healthy controls as shown with increased prevalence with age.
{"title":"Comparative Sonographic Evaluation of the Gallbladder in Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Apparently Healthy Non-Sickle Cell Disease Individuals in a Nigerian Town","authors":"Oyomi J. K, Irabor P. F. I, Eluehike S. U, Akhigbe A. O, Izevbekhai S. O","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2024/v45i41525","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder with multi-organ manifestations including the gall bladder. Studies have shown that individuals with sickle cell disease have strong tendency of developing pigment gallstones due to chronic red blood cell hemolysis and increased bilirubin levels. \u0000Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the gallbladder changes which includes volume, wall thickness, presence of biliary sludge and prevalence of calculi between age and sex-matched sickle cell disease patients and apparently healthy, normal non-SCD individuals. \u0000Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study of 50 known SCD patients attending the Haematology clinic of sub-urban tertiary health facility in Nigeria, and equal number of age and sex-matched apparently healthy, non-SCD volunteers attending the Well people clinic of the same hospital as controls. Each subject was evaluated for gallbladder volume, wall thickness, presence of biliary sludge and gallstones using a 3.5-5MHz curvilinear array transducer of a Mindray ultrasound machine, DC-6 model, 2016. \u0000Data Analysis: The data collected was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. \u0000Statistical test was considered significant at p-value ≤ 0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. \u0000Results: Out of the 100 subjects who underwent scanning, 50 were patients with sickle cell disease, consisting of 29 males (58.0%) and 21 females (42.0%), while the remaining 50 were non-sickle cell disease volunteers serving as controls, comprising 24 males (48.0%) and 26 females (52.0%). Their ages ranged from 2 to 65 years. \u0000The mean age of the cases and controls was 22.1±14.7 years and 19.9±12.6 years respectively. Among the patients; 8 (16.0%) had cholecystitis and 10 (20.0%) had gallstones, with no detectable abnormality in the controls. \u0000Conclusion: The ultrasonographic prevalence of gallbladder abnormalities was recorded only in patients with sickle cell disease when compared to apparently healthy controls as shown with increased prevalence with age.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"35 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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