Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81426
R. Nyasa, Samuel Fru Ngwa, S. Esemu, V. Titanji
Background: Cameroon is among the 11 countries that account for 92 % of malaria infection in sub-Saharan-Africa in 2018, and Maroua III Health District and her environs witnessed a malaria outbreak in 2013 with hundredths of deaths. Aim: To determine the risk factors of malaria in the urban and rural population and to investigate the level of mosquito’s resistance to Deltamethrin and Permethrin. Methods: It was a cross-sectional community-based study carried out in August, September and October 2019, in which questionnaires were administered to 500 participants, to obtain information on demographics, socioeconomics, behavioral, and environmental factors thought to be associated with malaria infection in both rural and urban settings. Blood samples were collected for diagnosis of malaria and bivariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify risk factors of malaria. Mosquito resistance to Deltamethrin and Permethrin were determined using the CDC Bottle Bioassay test. Results: Malaria prevalence was 52.2 % which was significantly higher (P = 0.016) in rural areas (57.6%) than urban areas (46.8%). The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 43.4% and the geometric mean parasite density was 6333.60 parasites/µL of blood. Malaria infection was significantly (P<0.001) associated with children (64.1%) and teenagers (58.1%). Likewise, the infection was significantly associated with the presence of crops around homes (P=0.031), usage of old LLINs for more than three years and in urban settings, with primary education level (P=0.023). The overall mortality of Anopheles species was 93.57% (91.19% in rural and 95.83% in urban areas) for deltamethrin which was more sensitive than 83.85% (85.24% in rural and 82.46% in urban areas) for permethrin. Conclusion: Relevant data for malaria control in Maroua III health district, a typical Sahelian environment has been generated, and indicates that most of the burden of malaria is borne by children and teenagers.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Risk Factors of Malaria within Urban and Rural Settings in the Sahelian Region of Cameroon and the Role of Insecticide Resistance in Mosquitoes","authors":"R. Nyasa, Samuel Fru Ngwa, S. Esemu, V. Titanji","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81426","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cameroon is among the 11 countries that account for 92 % of malaria infection in sub-Saharan-Africa in 2018, and Maroua III Health District and her environs witnessed a malaria outbreak in 2013 with hundredths of deaths. \u0000Aim: To determine the risk factors of malaria in the urban and rural population and to investigate the level of mosquito’s resistance to Deltamethrin and Permethrin. \u0000Methods: It was a cross-sectional community-based study carried out in August, September and October 2019, in which questionnaires were administered to 500 participants, to obtain information on demographics, socioeconomics, behavioral, and environmental factors thought to be associated with malaria infection in both rural and urban settings. Blood samples were collected for diagnosis of malaria and bivariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify risk factors of malaria. Mosquito resistance to Deltamethrin and Permethrin were determined using the CDC Bottle Bioassay test. \u0000Results: Malaria prevalence was 52.2 % which was significantly higher (P = 0.016) in rural areas (57.6%) than urban areas (46.8%). The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 43.4% and the geometric mean parasite density was 6333.60 parasites/µL of blood. Malaria infection was significantly (P<0.001) associated with children (64.1%) and teenagers (58.1%). Likewise, the infection was significantly associated with the presence of crops around homes (P=0.031), usage of old LLINs for more than three years and in urban settings, with primary education level (P=0.023). The overall mortality of Anopheles species was 93.57% (91.19% in rural and 95.83% in urban areas) for deltamethrin which was more sensitive than 83.85% (85.24% in rural and 82.46% in urban areas) for permethrin. \u0000Conclusion: Relevant data for malaria control in Maroua III health district, a typical Sahelian environment has been generated, and indicates that most of the burden of malaria is borne by children and teenagers. ","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114319814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-13DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81425
Airenakho Emorinken, A. Ugheoke, O. Agbadaola, M. Dic-Ijiewere, Alexander Atiri, O. Olugbemide, R. Eifediyi
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, distribution, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in a rural hospital in Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between 2013 and 2022. The data on all patients diagnosed with TB during the study period were collected from the hospital's registry. The data was then entered into SPSS for analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of TB among TB suspects was 41.3%. Pulmonary TB was the most common form of TB, accounting for 87.1% of the cases, while extrapulmonary TB accounted for 12.9%. Among extrapulmonary TB cases, TB lymphadenitis was the most common (27.2%). The mean age of the patients was 44.7±10.9 years, with the majority of cases in the 51-60 and 31-40-year age groups. Males were more affected than females (59.1% vs. 40.9%), and 5.6% of TB patients were HIV-positive. The frequency of rifampicin-resistant TB was 9.5%. The majority of patients (96.5%) had a successful treatment outcome, with 28.9% being cured and 67.6% completing their treatment. Treatment failure occurred in 0.4% of TB cases, while 0.9% defaulted, and 2.2% died. Patients with rifampicin-resistant TB had lower odds of treatment success than those without rifampicin-resistant TB (P = 0.03; OR: 0.5; CI: 0.26-0.96). Conclusions: The study revealed that TB remains a significant public health problem in Nigeria, especially in rural areas. Therefore, there is a need for increased collaboration and stronger measures to prevent and control TB, particularly in low-resource settings.
{"title":"Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Tuberculosis Patients in a Rural Teaching Hospital in South-South Nigeria: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Airenakho Emorinken, A. Ugheoke, O. Agbadaola, M. Dic-Ijiewere, Alexander Atiri, O. Olugbemide, R. Eifediyi","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81425","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, distribution, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in a rural hospital in Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between 2013 and 2022. The data on all patients diagnosed with TB during the study period were collected from the hospital's registry. The data was then entered into SPSS for analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. \u0000Results: The overall prevalence of TB among TB suspects was 41.3%. Pulmonary TB was the most common form of TB, accounting for 87.1% of the cases, while extrapulmonary TB accounted for 12.9%. Among extrapulmonary TB cases, TB lymphadenitis was the most common (27.2%). The mean age of the patients was 44.7±10.9 years, with the majority of cases in the 51-60 and 31-40-year age groups. Males were more affected than females (59.1% vs. 40.9%), and 5.6% of TB patients were HIV-positive. The frequency of rifampicin-resistant TB was 9.5%. The majority of patients (96.5%) had a successful treatment outcome, with 28.9% being cured and 67.6% completing their treatment. Treatment failure occurred in 0.4% of TB cases, while 0.9% defaulted, and 2.2% died. Patients with rifampicin-resistant TB had lower odds of treatment success than those without rifampicin-resistant TB (P = 0.03; OR: 0.5; CI: 0.26-0.96). \u0000Conclusions: The study revealed that TB remains a significant public health problem in Nigeria, especially in rural areas. Therefore, there is a need for increased collaboration and stronger measures to prevent and control TB, particularly in low-resource settings.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114458378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Trypanosomiasis is an important protozoan disease that affects domestic and wild animals as well as man. It is caused by the tsetse fly-transmitted extracellular hemo-flagellates that belong to the genus, Trypanosoma. In East and Southern Africa, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense while in West and Central Africa, it is caused by T. b. gambiense. Animal trypanosomiasis on the other hand is caused by T. b. brucei, T. vivax, and T. congolense. In sub-Saharan Africa, about sixty million people are at risk of infection. This current study evaluates the antitrypanosomal efficacy of extracts of Annona muricata leaf in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected albino rats. Place and Duration of Study: Animal Parasitology and Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, between February and June, 2021. Methodology: In vitro antitrypanosomal analysis was done in varied concentrations of 2.5mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml using various solvent extracts (ethanolic, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous). Diminazine aceturate and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls respectively. The In vivo assay was carried out through intraperitoneal administration of graded doses (200, 400 and 600mg/kg) of ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of the plant for three consecutive days. Results: The n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts yielded high percentage DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 85.52, 80.00 and 78.49% respectively. Decrease in motility of the parasites at different times were observed in all extracts tested invitro. These responses were positively concentration-dependent. 10mg/ml concentration of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed complete cessation of parasite motility at 35 and 45 minutes respectively. These two extracts (ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts) which showed the best invitro responses, were subjected to invivo analysis. Both extracts caused decrease in trypanosome parasitemia and prolongation of mean survival days of the rats to 14.67days as compared with 6.83days in the negative control group. The extracts displayed dose-dependent significant (p ≤ 0.05) antitrypanosomal activities when compared with the negative and positive controls. Conclusion: The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Annona muricata showed a relatively higher antitrypanosomal activity over other solvent extracts used in this study. Further fractionation, purification and isolation should be done to confirm the active components in this plant that is responsible for the antitrypanosomal activities recorded.
{"title":"In vitro and in vivo Antitrypanosomal Activities of Annona muricata Leaf Extracts in Trypanosoma brucei brucei Experimentally Infected Albino Rats","authors":"Osho Innocent Bamidele, Durojaye Catherine Olusunmibola","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81424","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Trypanosomiasis is an important protozoan disease that affects domestic and wild animals as well as man. It is caused by the tsetse fly-transmitted extracellular hemo-flagellates that belong to the genus, Trypanosoma. In East and Southern Africa, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense while in West and Central Africa, it is caused by T. b. gambiense. Animal trypanosomiasis on the other hand is caused by T. b. brucei, T. vivax, and T. congolense. In sub-Saharan Africa, about sixty million people are at risk of infection. This current study evaluates the antitrypanosomal efficacy of extracts of Annona muricata leaf in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected albino rats. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Animal Parasitology and Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, between February and June, 2021. \u0000Methodology: In vitro antitrypanosomal analysis was done in varied concentrations of 2.5mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml using various solvent extracts (ethanolic, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous). Diminazine aceturate and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls respectively. The In vivo assay was carried out through intraperitoneal administration of graded doses (200, 400 and 600mg/kg) of ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of the plant for three consecutive days. \u0000Results: The n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts yielded high percentage DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 85.52, 80.00 and 78.49% respectively. Decrease in motility of the parasites at different times were observed in all extracts tested invitro. These responses were positively concentration-dependent. 10mg/ml concentration of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed complete cessation of parasite motility at 35 and 45 minutes respectively. These two extracts (ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts) which showed the best invitro responses, were subjected to invivo analysis. Both extracts caused decrease in trypanosome parasitemia and prolongation of mean survival days of the rats to 14.67days as compared with 6.83days in the negative control group. The extracts displayed dose-dependent significant (p ≤ 0.05) antitrypanosomal activities when compared with the negative and positive controls. \u0000Conclusion: The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Annona muricata showed a relatively higher antitrypanosomal activity over other solvent extracts used in this study. Further fractionation, purification and isolation should be done to confirm the active components in this plant that is responsible for the antitrypanosomal activities recorded.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"467 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132778623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81422
C. Okoro, F. Ihenetu, K. E. Dunga, M. M. Ozoude, K. Achigbu, Chinyere A. Nwaoha, J. Nnodim, J. Ogboi
Introduction: In Malaria endemic countries, gestational and cord blood malaria prevalence are highly variable. A comprehensive study to determine the prevalence of placental and cord malaria has not been undertaken in Imo state, south eastern Nigeria. Thus, the need to determine prevalence of placenta and chord blood with Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant mothers and their neonates in Federal university teaching hospital Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out between the months of July 2021 and June, 2022 in some public and private hospitals in Owerri, south eastern Nigeria. Malaria transmission is stable with a high seasonal transmission from July to October. Placental and umbilical cord blood was collected into an EDTA bottle from mothers who consented and their neonates respectively at delivery. The presence of Plasmodium speciewas assessed microscopically and quantified by WHO Certified Malaria Microscopists. Parasite density was determined using WHO malaria microscopy protocol. Malaria parasite density was grouped as 1-500parasites/µl, 501-5,000parasites/µl (low), 5,001–10,000 parasites/µl (high), and >10,000 parasites/µl (very high) respectively for ease of analysis. Data was analyzed considering the parasite density grouping and parity while placenta and cord malaria prevalence were determined. Results: Placental and congenital malaria prevalence by microscopy was 21.3% vs. 8.2%. The primigravid had the highest infection rate of 33.0%. Considering the relationship between infection prevalence and parity of pregnancy, there was a significant difference P=.001. 4.2% of 119 neonate and 13.6% of 88 neonates from multigravid and primigravid mothers respectively examined had cord malaria. There was significant difference P=.002 comparing cord malaria infection prevalence and parity of pregnancy of matched mothers. The relationship between parasite malaria density and parity of pregnancy both in placental and cord malaria were not significant. Age group 20-25 years (45%) had the highest Prevalence while age groups 26-30 years recorded a prevalence of 33.3% for the primigravid and multigravid groups, respectively (P<0.05). The Geo mean range of 220 (3-8,250) vs. 23(2-6,412) parasite/µl of blood were recorded in primipare vrs multipare group. The result of this study showed moderate placental malaria infection and a low prevalence of cord malaria by microscopy. The presence of malaria parasites in cord blood at delivery and non in maternal placental blood was also demonstrated. There is a significant association between ITN (Insecticide-Treated Net) usage compliance rate and gravidity (primigravid vs. multigravid) among pregnant mothers. There is also a statistically significant relationship between age and gravidity in the occurrence of placenta malaria, as indicated by the chi-square test results. Conclusion: Antenatal exposure to malaria parasites may have profound ef
{"title":"Placenta and Cord Blood Malaria in Mothers and Neonates Attending Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State South East Nigeria","authors":"C. Okoro, F. Ihenetu, K. E. Dunga, M. M. Ozoude, K. Achigbu, Chinyere A. Nwaoha, J. Nnodim, J. Ogboi","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81422","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Malaria endemic countries, gestational and cord blood malaria prevalence are highly variable. A comprehensive study to determine the prevalence of placental and cord malaria has not been undertaken in Imo state, south eastern Nigeria. Thus, the need to determine prevalence of placenta and chord blood with Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant mothers and their neonates in Federal university teaching hospital Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out between the months of July 2021 and June, 2022 in some public and private hospitals in Owerri, south eastern Nigeria. Malaria transmission is stable with a high seasonal transmission from July to October. Placental and umbilical cord blood was collected into an EDTA bottle from mothers who consented and their neonates respectively at delivery. The presence of Plasmodium speciewas assessed microscopically and quantified by WHO Certified Malaria Microscopists. Parasite density was determined using WHO malaria microscopy protocol. Malaria parasite density was grouped as 1-500parasites/µl, 501-5,000parasites/µl (low), 5,001–10,000 parasites/µl (high), and >10,000 parasites/µl (very high) respectively for ease of analysis. Data was analyzed considering the parasite density grouping and parity while placenta and cord malaria prevalence were determined. \u0000Results: Placental and congenital malaria prevalence by microscopy was 21.3% vs. 8.2%. The primigravid had the highest infection rate of 33.0%. Considering the relationship between infection prevalence and parity of pregnancy, there was a significant difference P=.001. 4.2% of 119 neonate and 13.6% of 88 neonates from multigravid and primigravid mothers respectively examined had cord malaria. There was significant difference P=.002 comparing cord malaria infection prevalence and parity of pregnancy of matched mothers. The relationship between parasite malaria density and parity of pregnancy both in placental and cord malaria were not significant. Age group 20-25 years (45%) had the highest Prevalence while age groups 26-30 years recorded a prevalence of 33.3% for the primigravid and multigravid groups, respectively (P<0.05). The Geo mean range of 220 (3-8,250) vs. 23(2-6,412) parasite/µl of blood were recorded in primipare vrs multipare group. The result of this study showed moderate placental malaria infection and a low prevalence of cord malaria by microscopy. The presence of malaria parasites in cord blood at delivery and non in maternal placental blood was also demonstrated. There is a significant association between ITN (Insecticide-Treated Net) usage compliance rate and gravidity (primigravid vs. multigravid) among pregnant mothers. There is also a statistically significant relationship between age and gravidity in the occurrence of placenta malaria, as indicated by the chi-square test results. \u0000Conclusion: Antenatal exposure to malaria parasites may have profound ef","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124727756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71423
C. Okeafor, Onyeunoegbunem Godstime
Introduction: Depression with HIV constitute a co-morbid condition associated with severe sequalae, which include deliberate self-harm and suicide, even among adolescents. Identifying demographic and HIV-related determinants of depression among adolescents living with HIV is vital for instituting relevant evidence-based interventions for curbing this problem. Thus this aimed to determine the relationship between these factors (socio-demographic and HIV-related factors) and depression among adolescents living with HIV. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was employed. It involved 140 HIV-infected adolescents, who were selected from the HIV Paediatric clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) via systematic sampling method. Depression was determined based on the depression component of the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21), while social support was assessed using the social support rating scale. Socio-demographic and HIV-related factors comprised independent variables, while dependent variable was depression. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed at p<0.05. Results: The mean (±) age of HIV-infected adolescents in the study was 14.05±2.68years. Close to half of the adolescents in the study had been living with HIV from birth (46.4%;n=65). The prevalence of depression was 14.2% (n=20). HIV-infected adolescents aged ≥16 years were four times more likely to experience depression than their younger aged counterparts (AOR: 4.40;95%CI:1.42-13.70). Also, those with higher social support had significantly lower odds of experiencing depression (AOR:0.94;95%CI:0.90-0.99). Conclusion: About 1 in 7 adolescents living with HIV are burdened with depression in the study area. Social support and age of adolescents showed significant relationship with depression in the study. The integration of mental health in Paediatric HIV care could optimize health outcomes.
{"title":"Socio-demographic and HIV-Related Factors Associated with Depression among Retroviral Positive Adolescents in Port Harcourt","authors":"C. Okeafor, Onyeunoegbunem Godstime","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71423","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Depression with HIV constitute a co-morbid condition associated with severe sequalae, which include deliberate self-harm and suicide, even among adolescents. Identifying demographic and HIV-related determinants of depression among adolescents living with HIV is vital for instituting relevant evidence-based interventions for curbing this problem. Thus this aimed to determine the relationship between these factors (socio-demographic and HIV-related factors) and depression among adolescents living with HIV. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was employed. It involved 140 HIV-infected adolescents, who were selected from the HIV Paediatric clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) via systematic sampling method. Depression was determined based on the depression component of the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21), while social support was assessed using the social support rating scale. Socio-demographic and HIV-related factors comprised independent variables, while dependent variable was depression. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed at p<0.05. \u0000Results: The mean (±) age of HIV-infected adolescents in the study was 14.05±2.68years. Close to half of the adolescents in the study had been living with HIV from birth (46.4%;n=65). The prevalence of depression was 14.2% (n=20). HIV-infected adolescents aged ≥16 years were four times more likely to experience depression than their younger aged counterparts (AOR: 4.40;95%CI:1.42-13.70). Also, those with higher social support had significantly lower odds of experiencing depression (AOR:0.94;95%CI:0.90-0.99). \u0000Conclusion: About 1 in 7 adolescents living with HIV are burdened with depression in the study area. Social support and age of adolescents showed significant relationship with depression in the study. The integration of mental health in Paediatric HIV care could optimize health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133047498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81421
I. Deniran, O. Ladokun
Aims: Spousal support in prenatal care is an important factor in promoting both maternal and infant health This study assessed the indicators (physical, financial, emotional and social support) that is considered to be important for good pregnancy outcome among pregnant women. Study Design: The study was a descriptive cross sectional design which involved women attending antenatal clinic at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Women attending antenatal clinic at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, State, Nigeria were sampled for this study, between December 2020 and January, 2021. Methodology: A total of three hundred and ninety-eight (398) pregnant women were randomly sampled for the purpose of this study. Data were collected from the respondents through the use of semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Findings reveals that the mean age of respondents was 30±5.6years and 90.7% of them were married. In respect to occupation, 62.3% of the respondents were business women. Findings showed that 53% of the respondents specified that their pregnancy were multiparous while 47% stated that their pregnancy were primiparous. Result showed that 7.3%,8.1%,4.2% and 7.8% considered physical support only, financial support only, emotional support only and social support only as important indicators for spousal support. However, 72.6% of the respondents specified that all the indicators (physical, financial, emotional and social support) are considered to be important for good pregnancy outcome support with pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was concluded that physical, social, financial and emotional support were considered important for good pregnancy outcome. It is recommended that spouse should give their wives necessary supports required during pregnancy and child birth.
{"title":"Indicators of Spousal Support for Good Pregnancy Outcome among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Deniran, O. Ladokun","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i81421","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Spousal support in prenatal care is an important factor in promoting both maternal and infant health This study assessed the indicators (physical, financial, emotional and social support) that is considered to be important for good pregnancy outcome among pregnant women. \u0000Study Design: The study was a descriptive cross sectional design which involved women attending antenatal clinic at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Women attending antenatal clinic at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, State, Nigeria were sampled for this study, between December 2020 and January, 2021. \u0000Methodology: A total of three hundred and ninety-eight (398) pregnant women were randomly sampled for the purpose of this study. Data were collected from the respondents through the use of semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. \u0000Results: Findings reveals that the mean age of respondents was 30±5.6years and 90.7% of them were married. In respect to occupation, 62.3% of the respondents were business women. Findings showed that 53% of the respondents specified that their pregnancy were multiparous while 47% stated that their pregnancy were primiparous. Result showed that 7.3%,8.1%,4.2% and 7.8% considered physical support only, financial support only, emotional support only and social support only as important indicators for spousal support. However, 72.6% of the respondents specified that all the indicators (physical, financial, emotional and social support) are considered to be important for good pregnancy outcome support with pregnancy outcome. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was concluded that physical, social, financial and emotional support were considered important for good pregnancy outcome. It is recommended that spouse should give their wives necessary supports required during pregnancy and child birth.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126452779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71420
Ntum Ifeanyichukwu Michael, Umezurike Kingsley Chimuanya, Chukwuma Oluchukwu Mariagoretti, Manafa Patrick Onochie, Chukwuma George Okechukwu
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of Dengue fever and it is a mosquito-borne, RNA virus. This study was aimed at determining Dengue virus Immunoglobulin M seropositivity and malaria co-infection among residents of the river Niger Banks. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study consisting of 96 subjects was performed. The subjects were recruited using the convenience sampling technique. Ethical approval was obtained and informed consent was sought from study participants. Questionnaire was administered to determine basic demographic information. Dengue Virus IgM was analysed using ELISA techniques. Malaria parasitaemia was detected using microscopy while packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) analysis were evaluated using manual methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of Dengue virus and malaria seropositivity among the study population was 17.7% and 36.5% respectively. The incidence of malaria was higher in those who were dengue virus negative (33.3%) than in those who tested positive to Dengue virus (3.1%). Dengue virus seropositive patients had significantly lower PCV (37.5±3.7) and Hb (12.9±1.14) compared to those who were negative to dengue virus, 38.8±3.5 and 13.3±1.17 respectively. Conclusion: Our report has revealed that dengue virus is an emerging cause of febrile illness among the study population. This could be due to the nature of their environment which supports the breeding of different species of mosquito. This calls for urgent intervention and large scale research to confirm the circulating strains of the Dengue virus.
{"title":"Detection of Dengue Virus IgM Seropositivity and Malaria Co-infection among Individuals Resident on the Banks of River Niger in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Ntum Ifeanyichukwu Michael, Umezurike Kingsley Chimuanya, Chukwuma Oluchukwu Mariagoretti, Manafa Patrick Onochie, Chukwuma George Okechukwu","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71420","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of Dengue fever and it is a mosquito-borne, RNA virus. This study was aimed at determining Dengue virus Immunoglobulin M seropositivity and malaria co-infection among residents of the river Niger Banks. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study consisting of 96 subjects was performed. The subjects were recruited using the convenience sampling technique. Ethical approval was obtained and informed consent was sought from study participants. Questionnaire was administered to determine basic demographic information. Dengue Virus IgM was analysed using ELISA techniques. Malaria parasitaemia was detected using microscopy while packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) analysis were evaluated using manual methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. \u0000Results: The results showed that the prevalence of Dengue virus and malaria seropositivity among the study population was 17.7% and 36.5% respectively. The incidence of malaria was higher in those who were dengue virus negative (33.3%) than in those who tested positive to Dengue virus (3.1%). Dengue virus seropositive patients had significantly lower PCV (37.5±3.7) and Hb (12.9±1.14) compared to those who were negative to dengue virus, 38.8±3.5 and 13.3±1.17 respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Our report has revealed that dengue virus is an emerging cause of febrile illness among the study population. This could be due to the nature of their environment which supports the breeding of different species of mosquito. This calls for urgent intervention and large scale research to confirm the circulating strains of the Dengue virus.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125867930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71419
E. Chizoma I., N. Chinwoke A., Nwaezike-Okafor Chika J.
Aim: To identify the quantity of haemoglobin (Hb) ‘S’(HbS), ‘A2’(HbA2), ‘F’(HbF) and other Hb phenotypes of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) children in Enugu Nigeria using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). Introduction: The inheritance of two abnormal Hb genes one of which must be the Hb ‘S’ gene result in Sickle cell disease (SCD). Co-inheritance of two Hb S genes results in homozygous SCD/SCA), coinheritance of Hb ‘S’ with Hb ‘C’ gene gives HbSC disease and with β-thalassemia allele gives HbSβ-thalassemia (Hb S/β Th). SCA is the most common and most severe of the SCD. The phenotypic expressions of Hb vary unpredictably in the same individual and contribute to the varied clinical severity of SCA among other variables. It is therefore imperative to characterize the Hb variants in children with SCA for proper risk stratification necessary for best outcome management. HPLC is the most validated method for screening, detection and quantification of various Hb subtypes. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 75 SCA children aged 6 months to 17years, on follow-up at the clinic. Patients on hydroxyurea or who received blood transfusion within the previous four months were excluded. Following due ethical protocols, the D-10 HPLC machine (BIO-RAD D-10) was used to identfy the Hb phenotype in venous blood samples based on their ionic gradients and quantify them by the principle of variable absorbance. The participants’ sociodemographic data were recorded. Participants were grouped into 3 socioeconomic classes (SECs) as proposed by Oyedeji. Results: There were 48 females (62.7%) and 27 males (37.3%) in age range 6 months – 17 years in lower (16.0%), middle (57.3%) and upper (26.7%) SECs. Majority had HbF below 10% (46.7%), HbS above 80% (43%) and HbA2 of 4% and below (84%). No other Hb variant was identified. The proportion with HbS/HbA2/HbF levels suggestive of beta thalassemia was 16%, 25% males compared to 10.6% females. Females had higher HbF levels while males had higher HbS and HbA2 levels. However the gender differences in HbF, HbS, HbA2 and SECs did not attain statistical significance. A significant negative relationship was found between age and HbF (r = -.424, p < .001) while a significant positive relationship between age and HbS (r = .287, p = .013) and between age and HbA2 (r = .265, p = .022). Conclusion: Irrespective of gender, high HbS and low HbF levels at direct variance (HbS) and indirect variance (HbF) with age may be found in children with SCA. Observed Hb phenotypes suggest co-existent β- thalassaemia in this subset of southeast Nigerian SCA children.
目的:利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)鉴定尼日利亚埃努古镰状细胞贫血(SCA)儿童血红蛋白(Hb) S (HbS)、A2 (HbA2)、F (HbF)和其他Hb表型的数量。镰状细胞病(SCD)是由于两个异常Hb基因的遗传，其中一个必须是Hb ' S '基因。两个HbS基因共遗传导致SCD/SCA纯合，HbS与Hb C基因共遗传导致HbSC疾病，与β-地中海贫血等位基因共遗传导致hbs - β-地中海贫血(Hb S/β Th)。SCA是SCD中最常见和最严重的。Hb的表型表达在同一个体中不可预测地变化，并在其他变量中导致SCA的临床严重程度不同。因此，有必要对SCA患儿的Hb变异进行表征，以便进行适当的风险分层，以实现最佳结果管理。高效液相色谱法是筛选、检测和定量各种Hb亚型最有效的方法。方法:一项横断面描述性研究，涉及75名年龄在6个月至17岁的SCA儿童，在诊所随访。排除服用羟脲或在前四个月内接受过输血的患者。遵循相应的伦理协议，使用D-10高效液相色谱机(BIO-RAD D-10)根据静脉血样品的离子梯度鉴定Hb表型，并通过变吸光度原理对其进行定量。记录参与者的社会人口统计数据。根据Oyedeji的建议，参与者被分为3个社会经济阶层。结果:年龄6个月~ 17岁，女性48例(62.7%)，男性27例(37.3%)，分别为下、中、上三组(26.7%)。大多数HbF低于10% (46.7%)，HbS高于80% (43%)，HbA2低于4%(84%)。未发现其他Hb变体。HbS/HbA2/HbF水平提示-地中海贫血的比例为16%，男性为25%，女性为10.6%。女性的HbF水平较高，而男性的HbS和HbA2水平较高。而HbF、HbS、HbA2和SECs的性别差异无统计学意义。年龄与HbF呈显著负相关(r = -)。年龄与HbS呈显著正相关(r = 0.287, p = 0.013)，与HbA2呈显著正相关(r = 0.265, p = 0.022)。结论:在SCA患儿中，不论性别，高HbS和低HbF水平随年龄的直接方差(HbS)和间接方差(HbF)均可能存在。观察到的Hb表型提示在尼日利亚东南部SCA儿童的这个亚群中共存β-地中海贫血。
{"title":"High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Pattern of Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Enugu Nigeria","authors":"E. Chizoma I., N. Chinwoke A., Nwaezike-Okafor Chika J.","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71419","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To identify the quantity of haemoglobin (Hb) ‘S’(HbS), ‘A2’(HbA2), ‘F’(HbF) and other Hb phenotypes of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) children in Enugu Nigeria using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). \u0000Introduction: The inheritance of two abnormal Hb genes one of which must be the Hb ‘S’ gene result in Sickle cell disease (SCD). Co-inheritance of two Hb S genes results in homozygous SCD/SCA), coinheritance of Hb ‘S’ with Hb ‘C’ gene gives HbSC disease and with β-thalassemia allele gives HbSβ-thalassemia (Hb S/β Th). SCA is the most common and most severe of the SCD. The phenotypic expressions of Hb vary unpredictably in the same individual and contribute to the varied clinical severity of SCA among other variables. It is therefore imperative to characterize the Hb variants in children with SCA for proper risk stratification necessary for best outcome management. HPLC is the most validated method for screening, detection and quantification of various Hb subtypes. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 75 SCA children aged 6 months to 17years, on follow-up at the clinic. Patients on hydroxyurea or who received blood transfusion within the previous four months were excluded. Following due ethical protocols, the D-10 HPLC machine (BIO-RAD D-10) was used to identfy the Hb phenotype in venous blood samples based on their ionic gradients and quantify them by the principle of variable absorbance. The participants’ sociodemographic data were recorded. Participants were grouped into 3 socioeconomic classes (SECs) as proposed by Oyedeji. \u0000Results: There were 48 females (62.7%) and 27 males (37.3%) in age range 6 months – 17 years in lower (16.0%), middle (57.3%) and upper (26.7%) SECs. Majority had HbF below 10% (46.7%), HbS above 80% (43%) and HbA2 of 4% and below (84%). No other Hb variant was identified. The proportion with HbS/HbA2/HbF levels suggestive of beta thalassemia was 16%, 25% males compared to 10.6% females. Females had higher HbF levels while males had higher HbS and HbA2 levels. However the gender differences in HbF, HbS, HbA2 and SECs did not attain statistical significance. A significant negative relationship was found between age and HbF (r = -.424, p < .001) while a significant positive relationship between age and HbS (r = .287, p = .013) and between age and HbA2 (r = .265, p = .022). \u0000Conclusion: Irrespective of gender, high HbS and low HbF levels at direct variance (HbS) and indirect variance (HbF) with age may be found in children with SCA. Observed Hb phenotypes suggest co-existent β- thalassaemia in this subset of southeast Nigerian SCA children.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133373615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71418
Aarjuv Majmundar, P. Shah, Jayant Mayavanshi, Chintan Shah, S. Lakhani, J. Lakhani, Shubham Darda
Background/Aims: Both generic and disease specific prognostic scoring systems have been employed in areas of critical care. The score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II is a generic point score which provides general assessment of illness and severity. In order to determine the mortality of critically ill malaria patients, this study aims to find the ideal time point for the APACHE II score. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out after getting necessary ethics committee approval. Score of APACHE II on days 0, 2nd and 7th were evaluated and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Results: Out of 120 patients, 54 patients were of P. vivax, P. falciparum - 60 and six mixed infection patients. Mean APACHE II score was maximum on day 0 followed by day 2 and 7 in decreasing order. The APACHE II score was statistically greater on all days in patients who didn’t survive. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve when plotted showed score of APACHE II on day 2 - cut-off ≥14 to be the most valid in mortality prediction with a sensitivity of 64.28% and specificity of 87.80% as most of the results were on the left from the diagonal line and had greatest area under the curve. Conclusion: The prognostic score APACHE II was discovered to be helpful in patients with severe falciparum/vivax malaria who required intensive care treatment since the second day's sequential score significantly differentiates between survivors and non-survivors. The optimum cut-off for identifying individuals at high risk of mortality is 14, and the Day-2 APACHE II score is an ideal biomarker for predicting the outcomes of ICU patients. Recommendation: Malaria is a major cause of tropical sepsis in India leading to significant amount of mortality. Sequential APACHE II scoring instead of single time APACHE II score calculated on admission could have a role in evaluation of effectiveness of treatment, trend in recovery or dysfunction and prediction of mortality.
{"title":"Sequential APACHE II Scores for Prediction of Mortality in Patients with Severe Malaria and Admitted to Critical Care Facilities","authors":"Aarjuv Majmundar, P. Shah, Jayant Mayavanshi, Chintan Shah, S. Lakhani, J. Lakhani, Shubham Darda","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71418","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims: Both generic and disease specific prognostic scoring systems have been employed in areas of critical care. The score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II is a generic point score which provides general assessment of illness and severity. In order to determine the mortality of critically ill malaria patients, this study aims to find the ideal time point for the APACHE II score. \u0000Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out after getting necessary ethics committee approval. Score of APACHE II on days 0, 2nd and 7th were evaluated and appropriate statistical tests were applied. \u0000Results: Out of 120 patients, 54 patients were of P. vivax, P. falciparum - 60 and six mixed infection patients. Mean APACHE II score was maximum on day 0 followed by day 2 and 7 in decreasing order. The APACHE II score was statistically greater on all days in patients who didn’t survive. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve when plotted showed score of APACHE II on day 2 - cut-off ≥14 to be the most valid in mortality prediction with a sensitivity of 64.28% and specificity of 87.80% as most of the results were on the left from the diagonal line and had greatest area under the curve. \u0000Conclusion: The prognostic score APACHE II was discovered to be helpful in patients with severe falciparum/vivax malaria who required intensive care treatment since the second day's sequential score significantly differentiates between survivors and non-survivors. The optimum cut-off for identifying individuals at high risk of mortality is 14, and the Day-2 APACHE II score is an ideal biomarker for predicting the outcomes of ICU patients. \u0000Recommendation: Malaria is a major cause of tropical sepsis in India leading to significant amount of mortality. Sequential APACHE II scoring instead of single time APACHE II score calculated on admission could have a role in evaluation of effectiveness of treatment, trend in recovery or dysfunction and prediction of mortality.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125973267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71417
S. Darestani, A. Aghaie, M. Gharavi, A. Heidari, S. Samiei
Introduction: Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM), from a malaria infected donor, is an accidental Plasmodium infection, which is one of the concerns of blood transfusion issue in the world. Countries have adopted different strategies for donor selection and improving criteria to overcome these concerns, In the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), donors who refer to blood transfusion centers after registration are screened by the physicians based on interview and examination. This prevention due to the possibility of malaria infection is called malaria donor deferral strategy. Methods: In this study 248 malaria blood donation deferral samples were selected and evaluated by microscopic, serological and molecular methods, after completing the questionnaire. Results: The results of the survey of the questionnaires showed that 30 cases were deferred from donating blood due to having a history of malaria infection. In microscopic examination, Plasmodium ring was observed in 2 samples and 2 samples were also reported as suspicious. In serological examination, 23 cases (9.27%) were reported positive. All cases were reported negative for the presence of malaria parasite DNA. Conclusions: The adoption of TTM prevention strategies depends on the malaria endemicity of the geographical area. According to the IBTO instructions, donors are examined and interviewed by a blood transfusion physician’s and owning to traveling or residency in endemic area or malaria infection, deferred temporary or permanently. Recent study reveal that the strategy of donor selection and deferral in the IBTO, with little residual risk of malaria transmitting, is sufficient to prevent the occurrence of TTM in Iran.
{"title":"Survey in Iranian Malaria Blood Donation Deferral: Laboratory Evaluation in Malaria Blood Donation Deferral in the Iranian Blood Centers","authors":"S. Darestani, A. Aghaie, M. Gharavi, A. Heidari, S. Samiei","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i71417","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM), from a malaria infected donor, is an accidental Plasmodium infection, which is one of the concerns of blood transfusion issue in the world. Countries have adopted different strategies for donor selection and improving criteria to overcome these concerns, In the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), donors who refer to blood transfusion centers after registration are screened by the physicians based on interview and examination. This prevention due to the possibility of malaria infection is called malaria donor deferral strategy. \u0000Methods: In this study 248 malaria blood donation deferral samples were selected and evaluated by microscopic, serological and molecular methods, after completing the questionnaire. \u0000Results: The results of the survey of the questionnaires showed that 30 cases were deferred from donating blood due to having a history of malaria infection. In microscopic examination, Plasmodium ring was observed in 2 samples and 2 samples were also reported as suspicious. In serological examination, 23 cases (9.27%) were reported positive. All cases were reported negative for the presence of malaria parasite DNA. \u0000Conclusions: The adoption of TTM prevention strategies depends on the malaria endemicity of the geographical area. According to the IBTO instructions, donors are examined and interviewed by a blood transfusion physician’s and owning to traveling or residency in endemic area or malaria infection, deferred temporary or permanently. \u0000Recent study reveal that the strategy of donor selection and deferral in the IBTO, with little residual risk of malaria transmitting, is sufficient to prevent the occurrence of TTM in Iran.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128914009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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