Fungal biology最新文献_第10页

Roles of Sti1, a homolog to mammalian Hop, in conidiation, environmental adaptation, and virulence of Beauveria bassiana 与哺乳动物Hop同源的Sti1在球孢白僵菌的条件、环境适应和毒力中的作用

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101596

Xingbing Liu , Ruixuan Li , Yuju Liu , Mingguang Feng , Gang Zhou , Jie Wang

The stress-induced auxiliary chaperone protein Sti1, a homolog to mammalian Hop, played important but differential roles in environmental adaptation and virulence of various fungi, but the roles of Sti1 in filamentous entomopathogens are not well understood. Here, the roles of Sti1 were unveiled in Beauveria bassiana, a classical entomopathogen widely applied as fungal pesticides to insect control. The disruption of sti1 led to a 68.88 % reduction in colony area at 33 °C and a 28.88 % decrease in median lethal time (LT₅₀) of conidia at 45 °C, but demonstrated a comparable hyphal growth and conidial germination to the control strains (the wild-type strain and complementation mutants) under normal condition. Moreover, the deletion of sti1 caused a reduction in conidiophores and then resulted in a 33.95–43.49 % decrease in conidiation after an incubation of 4–5 days. Additionally, the sti1-deficient mutants displayed impaired cell wall integrity and increased sensitivities to various stressors, including H₂O₂, menadione, NaCl, carbendazim, and UV-B radiation. Furthermore, the Δsti1 showed a 28.07 % delay in virulence to Galleria mellonella larvae via normal infection. These findings were consistent with the reduced production of glycerol, trehalose, mannitol, superoxide dismutases, and catalases. These findings indicate that Sti1 is important for conidiation, environmental adaptation, and pathogenicity of B. bassiana.

应激诱导的辅助伴侣蛋白Sti1是哺乳动物Hop的同源物，在各种真菌的环境适应和毒力中起着重要但不同的作用，但Sti1在丝状昆虫病原体中的作用尚不清楚。本文揭示了Sti1在球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）中的作用，白僵菌是一种经典的昆虫病原体，被广泛用作真菌农药防治昆虫。sti1的破坏导致33°C时菌落面积减少68.88%，45°C时分生孢子的中位致死时间（LT50）减少28.88%，但在正常条件下菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发与对照菌株（野生型菌株和互补突变体）相当。sti1基因的缺失导致分生孢子数量减少，孵育4 ~ 5 d后分生孢子数量减少33.95 ~ 43.49%。此外，sti1缺陷突变体表现出细胞壁完整性受损，对各种应激源（包括H2O2、甲萘醌、NaCl、多菌肼和UV-B辐射）的敏感性增加。此外，Δsti1对正常感染的大蜡螟幼虫的毒力延迟28.07%。这些发现与甘油、海藻糖、甘露醇、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的减少一致。这些结果表明，Sti1在球孢白僵菌的条件作用、环境适应和致病性中起重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of apocarotenoids on pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini and endophytic Fo47 strains 探讨类伪胡萝卜素对致病性尖孢镰刀菌的影响。lini和内生菌株Fo47

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101591

Yelyzaveta Kochneva , Marta Burgberger-Stawarz , Aleksandra Boba , Marta Preisner , Justyna Mierziak-Derecka , Anna Kulma

The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) contains highly specific plant pathogens and some nonpathogenic strains, such as Fo47. Our work concentrated on F. oxysporum f.sp. lini (Foln), the specific flax pathogen and the endophytic strain F. oxysporum 47 (Fo47), which is suggested to have a protective effect on flax against pathogens. We investigated the effects of apocarotenoids, including ionones and abscisic acid (ABA), on the growth and development of these fungal strains, assessing the potential fungicidal properties of these compounds and comparing the responses of the fungi. The study demonstrated that ionones significantly inhibited mycelial growth in both Foln and Fo47 strains. Our results also showed the differences in apocarotenoid's effect on studied strains in regard of sporulation, FUB genes cluster activity and fusaric acid (FA) production.

尖孢镰刀菌种复合体（Fusarium oxysporum species complex， FOSC）含有高度特异性的植物病原体和一些非致病性菌株，如Fo47。我们的研究重点是尖孢菌。亚麻特有病原菌lini （Foln）和内生菌株F. oxysporum 47 （Fo47）对亚麻具有保护作用。我们研究了类伪胡萝卜素（包括离子酮和脱落酸（ABA））对这些真菌菌株生长发育的影响，评估了这些化合物的潜在杀真菌性能，并比较了真菌的反应。研究表明，离子酮对菌株Foln和Fo47的菌丝生长均有显著抑制作用。我们的研究结果还表明，类伪胡萝卜素对所研究菌株在产孢量、FUB基因簇活性和fusaric acid （FA）产量方面的影响存在差异。

引用次数: 0

Microsclerotia of dark septate endophytic fungi from Paleogene and Neogene of Poland: fossil record and palaeoenvironmental significance of root fungal endophytes 波兰古近纪和新近纪暗隔内生真菌的微核：根真菌内生真菌的化石记录及其古环境意义

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101594

Grzegorz Worobiec , Elżbieta Worobiec , Marek Widera , Wojciech Granoszewski

Remains of microsclerotia morphologically corresponding to those of modern dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi were found during palynological studies of some Oligocene and Miocene sites from Poland. Fossil microsclerotia, mostly represented by leaf-like morphotypes were morphologically diversified, but there was no possibility to match the fossil morphotypes with modern fungal DSE taxa forming microsclerotia in roots. Reliable fossils of microsclerotia of dark septate endophytic fungi date back to the Eocene and show continuous presence till recent times. They confirm the coexistence of dark septate endophytic fungi with plants at least from the beginning of the early Cenozoic. Pre-Cenozoic fossils of presumed DSE microsclerotia were considered doubtful. The presence of microsclerotia in continental deposits points to dense vegetation in the past, and in marine deposits, they indicate terrigenous flux that originated from coastal vegetation.

在波兰渐新世和中新世遗址的孢粉学研究中发现了与现代暗隔内生真菌（DSE）形态相对应的微核残体。以叶状微核为代表的化石微核形态多样，但化石微核形态与现代真菌DSE根微核类群无法匹配。暗裂内生真菌微核的可靠化石可以追溯到始新世，并持续存在到最近。他们证实，至少从新生代早期开始，暗隔内生真菌就与植物共存。假定的前新生代DSE微核化石被认为是可疑的。大陆沉积物中微核的存在表明过去有密集的植被，而在海洋沉积物中，它们表明源自沿海植被的陆源通量。

引用次数: 0

Cell wall characteristics of Thielavia terrestris dispersed and pelleted mycelia 地蓟分散和球化菌丝的细胞壁特性

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101593

Olena Gromozova , Mara Grube , Peter Lytvyn , Maksym Kharchuk , Marina Fomina

In submerged fermentation of filamentous fungi, pelleted and dispersed types of growth are the two main morphological forms largely affecting the productivity of industrial processes. Despite the immense importance of fungal biotechnology various aspects of the biology of these two growth forms have been rarely studied. Whether there are any differences in architecture and properties of hyphal cell wall between pelleted and dispersed mycelia of the same non-genetically modified fungus was unknown. This comparative study characterized the cell wall structure and properties of pelleted and dispersed forms of Thielavia terrestris growth. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that the hyphal cell wall of pellets, in contrast to dispersed mycelium, contained considerably more chitin (22 % and 1–2 % of dry weight [dw], respectively), glucans (28 % and 10 % dw), and lipids (8 % and 6 % dw). The dispersed form was characterised by much higher content of phosphate-rich polysaccharide (dispersed vs pelleted: 23 % and 1 % dw) and protein (55 % and 40 % dw, respectively). TEM-microscopy showed the thicker cell wall of the dispersed form, which did not manifest the third well-defined electron-dense smooth outer layer present in pellets. The cell wall of the pelleted form was less susceptible to mechanical and enzymatic destruction and demonstrated in AFM hardness tests 5–10 times greater nano-hardness than the dispersed form. Thus, the cell wall structure and properties are very different in the pelleted than the dispersed growth forms, where the narrower and chitin/glucans-richer cell wall of the pelleted form provides more effective protection from mechanical and enzymatic damages.

在丝状真菌的深层发酵过程中，颗粒状和分散生长类型是两种主要的形态形式，在很大程度上影响着工业过程的生产率。尽管真菌生物技术具有巨大的重要性，但这两种生长形式的生物学的各个方面却很少得到研究。同一种非转基因真菌的球化菌丝和分散菌丝在菌丝细胞壁的结构和性质上是否存在差异尚不清楚。本研究比较了球粒型和分散型地蓟的细胞壁结构和特性。红外光谱显示，与分散的菌丝相比，微球菌丝细胞壁含有更多的几丁质（分别占干重的22%和1 - 2%）、葡聚糖（分别占干重的28%和10%）和脂质（分别占干重的8%和6%）。分散形式的特点是富含磷酸盐的多糖（分散与颗粒：23%和1% dw）和蛋白质（分别为55%和40% dw）的含量高得多。tem显微镜显示分散形式的细胞壁较厚，没有显示颗粒中存在的第三层明确的电子致密光滑外层。颗粒形式的细胞壁不易受到机械和酶的破坏，并且在AFM硬度测试中显示出比分散形式高5-10倍的纳米硬度。因此，颗粒状的细胞壁结构和性质与分散的生长形式有很大的不同，在分散的生长形式中，颗粒状的细胞壁更窄，几丁质/葡聚糖更丰富，可以更有效地保护细胞免受机械和酶的损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Elemental uptake and accumulation by wood decay fungi in relation to their nutrition strategy, rot type and mineral profile of the colonized wood 木材腐烂真菌对元素的吸收和积累与定殖木材的营养策略、腐烂类型和矿物特征有关

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101592

Magdalena Krzesłowska , Patrycja Mleczek , Anna Budka , Marek Siwulski , Sylwia Budzyńska , Przemysław Niedzielski , Július Árvay , Mirosław Mleczek

The uptake and accumulation of essential and toxic elements by wood decay fungi (WDF) are complex. We examined the mineral profile of 13 WDF colonizing coniferous and deciduous trees. To illustrate the role of nutritional strategies and rot type in selected elements uptake and accumulation, four fungi species differing in their nutrition strategy and the type of decay, colonizing only conifers were selected: two white rot: saprotrophic Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, and parasitic Phellinus pini and two brown rot, saprotrophic/parasitic Phaeolus schweinitzii and saprotrophic Tapinella atrotomentosa. The obtained results revealed that the concentration of most selected major elements (K, Mg, Na, P) in the sporocarps of the two saprotrophic WDF species was significantly higher than in the parasitic or saprotrophic/parasitic ones and that the concentration in the colonized wood located under the sporocarp projecting from the trunk or root. Furthermore, it was found that white rot fungi, independent of their nutritional strategy, accumulated significantly more of most selected minor (B, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn) and toxic (Al, As, Cd, Pb, Tl) elements in their sporocarps than brown rot species. These last two rules concerned WDF species colonizing coniferous trees but also included WDF species growing on deciduous trees.

Hence, obtained, novel results of this paper demonstrated that the mineral nutrition of WDF, mainly colonizing coniferous trees, may be influenced by (1) fungus nutrition strategy, (2) the type of decay - involved in the preferential decomposition of specific cell wall components and fungus demand for given element, involved in wood CWs decomposition strategy and (3) to a lesser extent by the elements concentration in the wood samples.

木材腐烂真菌对必需元素和有毒元素的吸收和积累是复杂的。我们研究了13种WDF定殖的针叶树和落叶树的矿物剖面。为了说明营养策略和腐病类型对所选元素吸收和积累的作用，选择了4种不同营养策略和腐病类型的真菌：2种白腐菌：腐养性Pseudohydnum gelatinosum， 2种寄生Phellinus pini， 2种褐腐菌：腐养性/寄生性Phaeolus schweinitzii和腐养性Tapinella atrotomentosa。结果表明，两种腐养型WDF的子果皮中大部分选定元素（K、Mg、Na、P）的浓度均显著高于寄生型或腐养/寄生型，且在从树干或根突出的子果皮下方的定植木材中含量最高。此外，白腐真菌在其孢子囊中积累的大多数微量元素（B、Cu、Fe、Ni、Zn）和有毒元素（Al、As、Cd、Pb、Tl）与褐腐真菌不同，且与营养策略无关。后两种规律不仅涉及定居于针叶树上的WDF物种，还包括生长在落叶树上的WDF物种。因此，本文所获得的新结果表明，主要定植于针叶树的WDF的矿物质营养可能受到(1)真菌营养策略的影响，(2)腐烂类型-参与特定细胞壁成分的优先分解和真菌对给定元素的需求，参与木材CWs的分解策略，(3)在较小程度上受木材样品中元素浓度的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Celebrating the fifth edition of the International Symposium on Fungal Stress – ISFUS, a decade after its 2014 debut 庆祝第五届国际真菌胁迫研讨会- ISFUS，在2014年首次亮相十年后

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101590

Alene Alder-Rangel , Amanda E.A. Rangel , Arturo Casadevall , Asiya Gusa , Chaoyang Xue , Charles M. Boone , Chris Todd Hittinger , Claudio A. Masuda , Consuelo Olivares-Yañez , Deborah Bell-Pedersen , Erica J. Washington , Gerhard Braus , Guilhem Janbon , István Pócsi , Jason E. Stajich , Jay C. Dunlap , Joan W. Bennett , Joseph Heitman , Ling Lu , Lucia Landi , Drauzio E.N. Rangel

The Fifth International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) brought together in Brazil many of the leaders in the field of fungal stress responses, from fourteen countries, for four days of outstanding science ranging from basic research to studies with agricultural, medical, industrial, and environmental significance. In addition to the excellent oral and poster presentations, the Symposium organisers ensured that all participants had ample opportunity to engage, socialise, and network to exchange ideas and share research. The conference was enhanced by the world-class venue near Iguazu Falls, probably the greatest natural phenomenon in South America.

第五届真菌胁迫国际研讨会（ISFUS）汇集了来自14个国家的真菌胁迫反应领域的许多领导人，在巴西进行了为期四天的杰出科学研究，从基础研究到具有农业、医学、工业和环境意义的研究。除了出色的口头和海报展示，研讨会组织者确保所有参与者都有充分的机会参与，社交和网络交流思想和分享研究。伊瓜苏瀑布可能是南美洲最壮观的自然景观，而在伊瓜苏瀑布附近的世界级会场使会议更加精彩。

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引用次数: 0

Biological-degradation, lignin performance and physical-chemical characteristics of historical wood in an ancient tomb 古墓中历史木材的生物降解、木质素性能及理化特性

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101588

Akbar Mastouri , Davood Efhamisisi , Martin Lexa , Reza Oladi , Alireza Gholinejad-Pirbazari , Hossein Torabi , Aleš Zeidler , Mariaenrica Frigione

Biodeterioration assessments of archaeological woods, also comparisons with recent wood, provides an effective strategy for its conservation in cultural-heritage. This research aimed to analyze some wooden structures of an ancient tomb, situated in West-Azerbaijan province of Iran adjacent to Lake-Urmia. The anatomical characteristics of historical wood (HW) was investigated to identify species and trace xylem micro-morphological variations in detail. Chemical-changes of deteriorated wood were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and its wood–water interactions were compared with the recent new-wood. Macro/micro-morphological and mycological assessment of historical poplar wood (Populus alba) confirmed signs of soft-rot fungi, and recent attacks by wood–boring (Xylophagous) insects probably due to local climate-change. Type-I microcavities and advanced soft-rot decay caused cell-walls depletion or deformation, which was visually observed in HW by discoloration and transverse-cracks. Based on Optical- and SEM-microscopy, lignin preservation was observed in the middle-lamella and especially the vessels rich in guaiacyl-lignin (G-type) units. However, the fiber walls were susceptible to fungal degradation due to syringyl-lignin (S-type). Histochemical changes increased the porosity, hygroscopicity, and especially water-absorption (1h–720h) of HW compared to the corresponding new-wood, introducing the severity of damage and treatability criteria for conservationists. Lignin increment, loss of cellulose-crystallinity in XRD (70.5 to 59.9 %) and FTIR ratios (1280/1200, 1317/1336), and also preferential-degradation of polysaccharides were confirmed through chemical analyses of soft-rot decayed wood. These findings, in addition to helping monitor potential risks of wooden artifacts, especially non-durable species, facilitate preventive and protective management of archaeological-heritage in both wet and dry environments.

对考古木材进行生物退化评估，并与最近的木材进行比较，为其在文化遗产中的保护提供了有效的策略。这项研究旨在分析位于伊朗西阿塞拜疆省乌尔米亚湖附近的一座古墓的一些木结构。研究了历史木材（HW）的解剖特征，详细鉴定了树种和木质部的微形态变化。利用x射线衍射（XRD）和ATR-FTIR光谱分析了变质木材的化学变化，并与新木材进行了木水相互作用比较。历史杨木（Populus alba）的宏观/微观形态学和真菌学评估证实了软腐真菌的迹象，以及最近可能由于当地气候变化而受到蛀木（Xylophagous）昆虫的攻击。i型微腔和晚期软腐腐烂导致细胞壁耗损或变形，这在HW中可以通过变色和横向裂纹直观地观察到。光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察到木质素保存在中间薄片中，特别是富含愈创木酰基木质素（g型）单位的血管中。然而，由于丁香基木质素（s型）的存在，纤维壁容易被真菌降解。与相应的新木材相比，HW的组织化学变化增加了孔隙度、吸湿性，尤其是吸水率（1h-720h），为保护主义者介绍了损害的严重程度和可处理性标准。通过对软腐木的化学分析，证实了木质素增加、纤维素结晶度损失（XRD值为70.5 ~ 59.9%）和FTIR值（1280/1200、1317/1336）以及多糖的优先降解。这些发现除了有助于监测木制文物，特别是非耐用物种的潜在风险外，还有助于在潮湿和干燥环境中对考古遗产进行预防性和保护性管理。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiology and genetic characterization of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot in Fragaria × ananassa 黄花菜叶斑病的流行病学及遗传特征

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101589

Nasir Mehmood , Abid Riaz , Salman Ghuffar , Sadaf Anwaar , Nyla Jabeen , Isha Shaheen , Muhammad Qasim , Salma Saeed Khan , Muhammad Rauf , Tauseef Anwar , Huma Qureshi , Ghadah Salim Abusalim , Wajid Zaman , Mohammad Javed Ansari , Rashid Iqbal

Alternaria leaf spot (ALS), caused by Alternaria alternata, is a major disease threatening strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) production globally, including in Pakistan. This study investigated the incidence and prevalence of ALS in key strawberry-producing regions of Pakistan and characterized the pathogen using morphological and molecular techniques. Surveys were conducted during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 seasons across 182 farms in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Islamabad. Disease prevalence was 100% across all regions, with incidence rates ranging from 17.25% in cooler Islamabad to 55% in Mardan, KPK. Pathogenicity tests confirmed A. alternata as the causal agent. Morphological traits and sequencing of the ITS and endoPG genes further validated its identity. Phylogenetic analysis showed close genetic relatedness to known A. alternata isolates. This is the first comprehensive report of ALS in strawberries in Pakistan, confirming A. alternata as the primary pathogen. The widespread occurrence and high incidence highlight the urgent need for effective control measures. Integrated disease management, including resistant cultivars and targeted fungicide use, is strongly recommended. Further research should investigate environmental factors influencing disease spread and severity to support long-term sustainable management of ALS in strawberry cultivation.

由互花孢霉（Alternaria alternata）引起的互花孢霉叶斑病（ALS）是威胁全球草莓（Fragaria × ananassa）生产的主要病害，包括巴基斯坦。本研究调查了巴基斯坦主要草莓产区ALS的发病率和流行情况，并利用形态学和分子技术对病原菌进行了鉴定。调查于2014-2015年和2015-2016年在旁遮普省、开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省和伊斯兰堡的182个农场进行。所有地区的患病率均为100%，发病率从较冷的伊斯兰堡的17.25%到KPK的马尔丹的55%不等。致病性试验证实交替曲霉为致病因子。ITS和endoPG基因的形态特征和测序进一步验证了其身份。系统发育分析表明，该菌株与已知的互花拟南芥分离株遗传亲缘关系密切。这是巴基斯坦草莓ALS的首次综合报道，证实了交替蚜为主要病原菌。广泛性、高发性，迫切需要采取有效的控制措施。强烈建议进行综合病害管理，包括培育抗病品种和有针对性地使用杀菌剂。进一步的研究应探讨影响病害传播和严重程度的环境因素，以支持草莓栽培中ALS的长期可持续管理。

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引用次数: 0

Fungal microbiota in peritoneal dialysis effluent related peritonitis patients by amplicon sequencing of internal transcribed spacer based on Oxford nanopore Technologies 基于牛津纳米孔技术的内部转录间隔子扩增子测序研究腹膜透析出水相关性腹膜炎患者真菌微生物群

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101587

Suthida Visedthorn , Suwalak Chitcharoen , Pavit Klomkliew , Vorthon Sawaswong , Pavaret Sivapornnukul , Prangwalai Chanchaem , Thunvarat Saejew , Preeyarat Pavatung , Talerngsak Kanjanabuch , Sunchai Payungporn

Fungal peritonitis (FP) is a rare and severe complication resulting from fungal infections of the peritoneum. It has recently garnered increased attention due to rising both incidence and potential mortality. Early recognition and rapid intervention are essential for improving patient outcomes, as untreated FP can progress to sepsis and multi-organ failure if not treated appropriately. Culture-negative fungal peritonitis is commonly observed, and its presence should be further considered. This study aimed to utilize Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to investigate the fungal profiles present in peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) from patients experiencing PD-related peritonitis, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The results indicated that the ONT was able to identify fungal taxa in 69 out of 104 samples (66.3 %), which included mixed organisms. The predominant phyla identified in the PDE sample were Basidiomycota, followed by Ascomycota and Glomeromycota. Notably, Wallemia was the most frequently detected fungal genus suggesting the fungal thrive in moist environments and can contaminate dialysis system. This observation suggests a possible association with opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those undergoing peritoneal dialysis. In conclusion, ONT offers a promising approach for fungal taxonomic classification, even though the DNA extracted from the samples was of low abundance.

真菌性腹膜炎是由腹膜真菌感染引起的一种罕见而严重的并发症。由于发病率和潜在死亡率的上升，它最近引起了越来越多的关注。早期识别和快速干预对于改善患者预后至关重要，因为未经治疗的FP如果治疗不当，可能会发展为败血症和多器官衰竭。真菌培养阴性腹膜炎是常见的，其存在应进一步考虑。本研究旨在利用牛津纳米孔技术（ONT）测序，基于内部转录间隔（ITS）研究pd相关性腹膜炎患者腹膜透析流出物（PDE）中存在的真菌谱。结果表明，104份样品中有69份（66.3%）的ONT鉴定出真菌分类群，其中包括混合生物。在PDE样品中鉴定出的优势门是担子菌门，其次是子囊菌门和肾小球菌门。值得注意的是，Wallemia是最常检测到的真菌属，表明真菌在潮湿环境中繁殖，可以污染透析系统。这一观察结果表明，免疫功能低下的个体，特别是接受腹膜透析的个体，可能与机会性感染有关。总之，尽管从样品中提取的DNA丰度较低，但ONT为真菌分类分类提供了一种很有前途的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Systematic evaluation of fluoride quantification methods identifies an appropriate measurement for studying fungal defluorination of per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances 对氟定量方法的系统评价确定了一种合适的测量方法，用于研究全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的真菌脱氟

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101586

Charles Ayers, Jiwei Zhang

The large-scale manufacturing and disposal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are causing global concerns, and investigations are needed to understand their ecological impacts. Saprotrophic fungi are dominant nutrient recyclers in ecosystems, while their roles in transforming PFAS remain largely untapped. Particularly, there is a lack of appropriate means to rapidly measure fluoride anions released by fungal cultures to understand their defluorination (deF) capacities and mechanisms. In this research, we systematically evaluated three prevalent means for quantifying free fluoride anions under cultural conditions of wood decay fungal species. Two spectrophotometric measurings, including one based on the fluoride-catalyzed kinetochromic reaction of Xylenol Orange-Zirconium (XO-Zr⁴⁺) and another one based on Alizarin-Lanthanum-Fluoride (Al–La³⁺-F^-) ternary complexone reaction, were successfully adapted to a high-throughput micro-well setup for detecting micromolar-level fluoride, but essential fungal media components pose significant interference to both assays. The third method, relying on the potentiometer and fluoride ion-selective electrode (F-ISE), demonstrated a strong capacity for anti-interferences of fungal nutrients, metabolites, and PFAS, leaving it a most appropriate method to study fungal deF. With F-ISE, we further demonstrated a deF test using a model PFAS, 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) crotonic acid, and a wood rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Together, our research identifies a reliable fluoride quantification method that can allow assessing fungal cultures for their PFAS-defluorinating phenotypes.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的大规模生产和处置引起了全球关注，需要进行调查以了解其生态影响。腐养真菌是生态系统中主要的养分回收者，而它们在转化PFAS中的作用仍未得到充分开发。特别是，缺乏适当的方法来快速测量真菌培养物释放的氟阴离子，以了解其脱氟能力和机制。在本研究中，我们系统地评估了三种在木材腐烂真菌培养条件下定量游离氟化物阴离子的常用方法。基于氟化物催化的二甲酚橙-锆（XO-Zr4+）动致变色反应和基于茜草精-氟化镧（Al-La3 +- f -）三元络合反应的两种分光光度测定方法成功地适用于高通量微孔装置，用于检测微摩尔水平的氟化物，但必需的真菌培养基成分对两种测定方法都存在显著干扰。第三种方法依靠电位器和氟离子选择电极（F-ISE），显示出很强的抗真菌营养物质、代谢物和PFAS干扰的能力，使其成为研究真菌deF的最合适方法。使用F-ISE，我们进一步演示了使用模型PFAS、4,4,4-三氟-3-（三氟甲基）crotonic酸和木腐真菌Trametes versicolor进行deF测试。总之，我们的研究确定了一种可靠的氟化物定量方法，可以评估真菌培养物的pfas -去氟表型。

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