Fungal biology最新文献_第9页

The role of Pep4 protease in Cryptococcus neoformans cell survival and virulence factors Pep4蛋白酶在新生隐球菌细胞存活及毒力因子中的作用

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101611

Gabrielle Felizardo , Adrián Adolfo Álvarez Padilla , Amanda Teixeira de Melo , Ricardo Ferreira Lima , Grasielle Pereira Jannuzzi , Kevin Felipe Cruz Martho , Sandro Rogério de Almeida , Karen Spadari Ferreira , Renata Castiglioni Pascon , Marcelo Afonso Vallim

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans with significant clinical importance, mainly affecting immunodeficient patients. The treatment options are limited to a few drugs, and resistance to them has been reported. Therefore, research is essential to broaden knowledge regarding the biology of this yeast, aiming to identify traits that could serve as new targets for antifungal drugs. This study aims to expand the current understanding of the autophagy process in this pathogenic yeast. Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation and recycling process among eukaryotes, indispensable in cellular homeostasis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the PEP4 gene encodes a protease required during the final stages of autophagy, playing a role in the maturation and activation of vacuolar hydrolases, which contributes to cell survival under conditions of nutritional deprivation and stress. However, PEP4 has never been studied in C. neoformans. Thus, we evaluated the impact of PEP4 deletion on the expression of virulence factors and the cell response to multiple stress conditions. Our results demonstrated that the pep4Δ mutant exhibited attenuated virulence in Galleria mellonella and a decreased fungal burden in macrophages. Notably, we observed the accumulation of autophagic bodies in the pep4Δ strain under nutrient starvation, suggesting a defect in the final steps of autophagic degradation. These findings suggest that the Pep4 protein of C. neoformans plays a crucial role in vacuolar function and the adaptation and survival of yeast cells under stressful conditions, as well as in the host–pathogen interaction.

隐球菌病是一种由新型隐球菌引起的全身性真菌病，临床意义重大，主要影响免疫缺陷患者。治疗选择仅限于几种药物，并且据报道对这些药物产生了耐药性。因此，研究是必要的，以扩大对这种酵母的生物学知识，旨在确定性状，可以作为抗真菌药物的新靶点。本研究旨在扩大目前对这种致病酵母的自噬过程的认识。自噬是一种保守的真核生物细胞内降解和循环过程，在细胞稳态中不可或缺。在酿酒酵母中，PEP4基因编码自噬最后阶段所需的蛋白酶，在液泡水解酶的成熟和激活中发挥作用，这有助于在营养剥夺和应激条件下的细胞存活。然而，从未在新生C.中研究过PEP4。因此，我们评估了PEP4缺失对毒力因子表达和细胞对多种应激条件的反应的影响。我们的研究结果表明，pep4Δ突变体在mellonella中表现出减弱的毒力，并减少了巨噬细胞的真菌负荷。值得注意的是，我们观察到pep4Δ菌株在营养饥饿下自噬小体的积累，这表明自噬降解的最后步骤存在缺陷。这些发现表明，新形态酵母的Pep4蛋白在液泡功能、酵母细胞在应激条件下的适应和存活以及宿主-病原体相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of the 8-day infection cycle of Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei in Litopenaeus vannamei and the host's molecular responses 转录组分析揭示了凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei） 8天感染周期的分子机制和宿主的分子反应

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101613

Yan Rong , Yi Qiao , Tingyue Liu , Xiaohui Cao , Ge Jiang , Jie Cheng , Huiwen Jiang , Xianping Fan , Hui Shen

Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP), an emerging microsporidian, has caused significant economic losses to the Asian aquaculture industry. This study investigates the infection dynamics of EHP through deep transcriptomic sequencing of infected shrimp samples at different time points. The analysis revealed distinct periodic changes in metabolism, immune response, and DNA repair during EHP infection. Shrimp rapidly mobilize energy metabolism and activate immune pathways in the early stage (day 2), followed by immune suppression and metabolic regulation in the mid-stage (days 4–6), and enhanced immune responses by day 8. Trend analysis supports an 8-day infection cycle, with periodic changes in gene expression profiles, especially in energy metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, and immune responses. Host gene expression displays a phased response aligning with EHP proliferation and its life cycle. EHP's gene expression also shows periodicity, with upregulation of proliferation-associated genes on days 4 and 10. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified key gene modules related to metabolic adaptation and immune suppression, indicating EHP's adaptation to the host environment. The study reveals a cyclical pattern of interaction between EHP and its host, providing insights into EHP's pathogenic mechanisms.

肝芽胞核孢子虫（EHP）是一种新兴的微孢子虫，给亚洲水产养殖业造成了重大的经济损失。本研究通过对不同时间点感染的对虾样本进行深度转录组测序来研究EHP的感染动态。分析显示，在EHP感染期间，代谢、免疫反应和DNA修复发生了明显的周期性变化。对虾在早期（第2天）迅速调动能量代谢和激活免疫途径，中期（第4-6天）进行免疫抑制和代谢调节，第8天免疫应答增强。趋势分析支持8天的感染周期，基因表达谱的周期性变化，特别是在能量代谢、蛋白质合成和降解以及免疫反应方面。宿主基因表达表现出与EHP增殖及其生命周期一致的阶段性反应。EHP基因表达也具有周期性，增殖相关基因在第4天和第10天表达上调。加权基因共表达网络分析（Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis， WGCNA）鉴定出与代谢适应和免疫抑制相关的关键基因模块，表明EHP对宿主环境具有适应性。该研究揭示了EHP与其宿主之间相互作用的周期性模式，为EHP的致病机制提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps cicadae isolated from soil using common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as bait and its high virulence comparable to generalist Metarhizium anisopliae complex 以普通夜蛾Spodoptera litura（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）为饵从土壤中分离出昆虫病原真菌蝉虫草及其毒力可与金龟子绿僵菌复合体相媲美的鉴定

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101612

Duong Danh Thanh , Oumi Nishi , Naoya Wasano , Chisa Yasunaga-Aoki

The common cutworm (Spodoptera litura, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most widespread pest insects affecting various crops in Asian countries. To screen promising biological control agents for this pest, we isolated 49 potential entomopathogenic fungal isolates from 25 soil samples using S. litura and four additional insect species as baits. The results revealed a high occurrence (24 %) of Cordyceps cicadae in soil through the bait method with all five insect baits, following the Metarhizium anisopliae complex (52 %), despite Cordyceps cicadae generally being known as a specialist entomopathogenic fungus of cicada nymphs. Molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Cordyceps cicadae isolates from soil and natural cicada nymphs clustered together at a terminal node with previously reported Cordyceps cicadae from cicada nymphs and C. lepidopterorum from lepidopteran larvae. Virulence assays against last-instar larvae of S. litura revealed significant variability in virulence among C. cicadae strains derived from soil and cicada nymphs. Among these, C. cicadae S17, isolated from soil using S. litura as bait, exhibited virulence comparable to the most virulent strains of the M. anisopliae complex and was also virulent against third-instar larvae and pupae. Our findings indicate that C. cicadae exhibit a broader host range than previously recognized, with potential applications in biological control for larvae and pupae of S. litura.

夜蛾（Spodoptera litura，鳞翅目：夜蛾科）是影响亚洲各国农作物最广泛的害虫之一。为了筛选有前景的生物防治剂，我们利用斜纹夜蛾和另外4种昆虫作为诱饵，从25份土壤样品中分离出49株潜在的昆虫病原真菌。结果显示，尽管蝉虫草通常被认为是蝉若虫的专业昆虫病原真菌，但通过所有五种昆虫诱饵的诱饵法，土壤中蝉虫草的发生率很高（24%），其次是绿僵菌复合体（52%）。分子系统发育分析表明，土壤和天然蝉若虫中分离的蝉虫草与先前报道的蝉若虫中分离的蝉虫草和鳞翅目幼虫中分离的鳞翅目虫草聚集在一个终端节点上。对斜坡蝉末龄幼虫的毒力测定显示，土壤和蝉若虫来源的蝉菌株毒力存在显著差异。其中，以斜纹夜蛾为诱饵从土壤中分离的蝉蝉S17，其毒力可与绿僵菌复合体的大多数毒力相当，对三龄幼虫和蛹也有毒力。研究结果表明，蝉蝉的寄主范围比以往认识的要广泛，在斜纹夜蛾幼虫和蛹的生物防治中具有潜在的应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Sterol aminoacylation regulates conidiation and sclerotia formation in Aspergillus oryzae 甾醇氨基酰化调节米曲霉的分生和菌核形成

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101609

Daisuke Yokokawa , Shunsuke Tatematsu , Makoto Imai , Yoshihiro Takara , Yusuke Saga , Frédéric Fischer , Hubert D. Becker , Harushi Nakajima , Tetsuo Kushiro

Ergosterol is a major fungal membrane component that contributes to membrane functions. We recently discovered novel ergosterol derivatives conjugated with amino acids, namely two aminoacylated ergosterols (Erg-aa), 1-ergosteryl-L-aspartate (Erg-Asp) and 1-ergosteryl-glycine (Erg-Gly), and the synthase involved (ErdS and ErgS, respectively). These enzymes are widely conserved in fungi belonging to the Dikarya subkingdom. However, the physiological role of Erg-aa remains unknown. Here, we report that Erg-aa are involved in conidiation and sclerotia formation in Aspergillus oryzae. The deletion of AoerdS or AoergS led to the reduction of conidia, accompanied by the downregulation of conidiation-regulating genes. In contrast, these deletants formed sclerotia considerably. AoerdS inducible strains also decreased conidia and promoted sclerotia formation under AoerdS suppressing condition, whereas the opposite morphology was observed under AoerdS inductive condition. We also investigated the effects of synthetic Erg-aa on fungal growth. Externally added Erg-Asp slightly promoted conidiation but did not affect sclerotia formation. On the other hand, Erg-Gly promoted the elongation of aerial hyphae and reduced both conidia and sclerotia. Finally, the deletion of AoerdS or AoergS altered susceptibility to ergosterol associating agents, indicating that ergosterol aminoacylation may change the physicochemical properties of ergosterol. Our findings expand the biological role of sterol modification in fungi.

麦角甾醇是一种主要的真菌膜成分，有助于膜功能。我们最近发现了新的与氨基酸偶联的麦角甾醇衍生物，即两种氨基酰化麦角甾醇（ergg -aa）， 1-麦角甾醇- l-天冬氨酸（ergg -asp）和1-麦角甾醇-甘氨酸（ergg -gly），以及所涉及的合成酶（ErdS和ErgS）。这些酶在属于Dikarya亚界的真菌中广泛保守。然而，Erg-aa的生理作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们报道了Erg-aa参与米曲霉的条件作用和菌核形成。AoerdS或AoergS的缺失导致分生孢子的减少，并伴随着分生孢子调控基因的下调。相反，这些缺失形成了相当大的核核。在AoerdS抑制条件下，AoerdS诱导菌株的分生孢子数量减少，菌核形成加快，而在AoerdS诱导条件下则相反。我们还研究了合成Erg-aa对真菌生长的影响。外源添加Erg-Asp略微促进了菌核的形成，但对菌核的形成没有影响。另一方面，ergg - gly促进了气生菌丝的伸长，减少了分生孢子和菌核。最后，AoerdS或AoergS的缺失改变了麦角甾醇相关物质的易感性，表明麦角甾醇氨基酰化可能改变了麦角甾醇的理化性质。我们的发现扩展了甾醇修饰在真菌中的生物学作用。

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引用次数: 0

Heat stress priming enhanced conidial germination, insect virulence and metabolic adaptation in Beauveria bassiana 热胁迫增强球孢白僵菌孢子萌发、昆虫毒力和代谢适应

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101607

Somsiri Udompaisarn , Jiraporn Jirakkakul , Thanawat Duangfoo , Wachiraporn Toopaang , Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin

Beauveria bassiana strains are commercially available as mycoinsecticides and are widely used for insect control. However, its effectiveness is often hindered by vulnerability to environmental stressors such as UV radiation, drought, and heat. Exposure to moderate heat, which is considered a triggering stimulus, partially inhibits the germination of conidia. This study investigated the impact of heat stress and priming on conidial germination, radial growth, sporulation, virulence to insects, and metabolic profiling in B. bassiana BCC 2660. The conidial germination significantly suppressed and declined from 82 to 34 % at 45 °C after 180 min. Here, we introduced a priming state to enhance the fungus's tolerance to the triggering stimulus. Comparative analysis revealed that conidia subjected to heat-induced priming at 35 °C for 40 min exhibited a significant increase in germination from 32 to 65 %, compared to non-primed conidia. The primed conidia also demonstrated a reduction in the LT₅₀ by 10 h in comparison to their non-primed counterparts. While priming improved germination, it did not significantly affect radial growth or sporulation rates under heat stress. We further explored the memory time of priming, finding that the fungus retained the priming state for up to 4 h. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the heat stress response, we identified candidate metabolites using LC-MS. Metabolomic analysis identified 34 metabolites, with significant alterations in metabolic pathways related to spermidine biosynthesis, coenzyme A synthesis, fungal wall development and various cellular process among primed conidia. These results underscored the complex metabolic adjustments in B. bassiana conidia, highlighting the potential of priming strategies to enhance fungal tolerance to environmental stresses and improve biocontrol efficacy in agricultural applications.

球孢白僵菌菌株可作为真菌杀虫剂在商业上获得，并广泛用于昆虫控制。然而，它的有效性往往受到环境压力的影响，如紫外线辐射、干旱和高温。暴露于被认为是触发刺激的中等温度下，会部分抑制分生孢子的萌发。研究了热胁迫和诱导对球孢白僵菌BCC 2660孢子萌发、径向生长、产孢、对虫毒力和代谢谱的影响。45℃处理180 min后，分生孢子萌发率明显下降，从82%下降到34%。本研究通过引入启动状态来增强真菌对触发刺激的耐受性。对比分析表明，在35°C下热诱导萌发40 min的分生孢子发芽率比未热诱导萌发的分生孢子高32% ~ 65%。与未启动的分生孢子相比，启动的分生孢子的LT50也减少了10小时。在热胁迫下，发芽剂对种子的径向生长和产孢率影响不显著。我们进一步探索了启动的记忆时间，发现真菌保持启动状态长达4小时。为了阐明热应激反应的分子机制，我们使用LC-MS鉴定了候选代谢物。代谢组学分析鉴定出34种代谢物，这些代谢物与亚精胺生物合成、辅酶A合成、真菌壁发育和各种细胞过程有关。这些结果强调了球孢白僵菌的复杂代谢调节，突出了引物策略在提高真菌对环境胁迫的耐受性和提高农业生物防治效果方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering the morphological and phylogenetic diversity of mushrooms in pecan orchards in the Southwestern United States 揭示美国西南部山核桃果园中蘑菇的形态和系统发育多样性

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101608

McKenzie L. Stock , Richard J. Heerema , Jennifer J. Randall , Adriana L. Romero-Olivares , Samuel A. Belteton , Ciro Velasco-Cruz , Nicole Pietrasiak

Symbiotic relationships between pecan tree roots and mycorrhizal fungi may enhance drought and salt tolerance, nutrient absorption, and disease resistance in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) orchards of the arid Southwestern United States. Saprotrophic fungi contribute to orchard ecosystem health by breaking down organic matter and enriching soil quality. However, we currently have limited, mostly anecdotal knowledge on mushroom-forming fungi in Southwestern pecan orchards, and studies in other regions primarily focus on ectomycorrhizal fungi. This study provides a novel mycological survey of mushroom-forming fungi (both ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic) in pecan orchards across New Mexico, Arizona, West Texas, and California. In collaboration with pecan producers, sporocarps from 31 different fungal taxa were collected for morphological, phylogenetic, and ecological analyses. UNITE and NCBI databases aided in taxon identification to construct a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree. Common ectomycorrhizal taxa included Scleroderma species, Pisolithus tinctorius, and Tuber lyonii.Saprotrophs included Chlorophyllum molybdites, the regionally-unique Agaricus deserticola, and others. Logistic regression revealed bare soil and tree row location as significant predictors for mycorrhizal fungi presence. This study offers an inaugural characterization of mushroom-forming fungal communities in Southwestern pecan orchards and highlights their potential roles in enhancing orchard ecosystem health and resilience.

山核桃树根与菌根真菌的共生关系可能增强山核桃的耐旱性、耐盐性、营养吸收和抗病能力。美国西南部干旱地区的果园。腐养真菌通过分解有机质和提高土壤质量来促进果园生态系统的健康。然而，我们目前对西南山核桃果园的蘑菇形成真菌的了解有限，大多是轶事，其他地区的研究主要集中在外生菌根真菌上。本研究对新墨西哥州、亚利桑那州、西德克萨斯州和加利福尼亚州山核桃果园的蘑菇形成真菌（包括外生菌根真菌和腐养真菌）进行了新的真菌学调查。与山核桃生产商合作，收集了31个不同真菌分类群的孢子囊，进行形态学、系统发育和生态学分析。UNITE和NCBI数据库帮助分类群鉴定构建最大似然系统发育树。常见的外生菌根类群有硬皮病种（Scleroderma）、Pisolithus tinctorius和块茎（Tuber lyonii）。腐养生物包括辉钼矿叶绿素、地区特有的荒漠蘑菇等。逻辑回归显示，裸地和树行位置是菌根真菌存在的显著预测因子。本研究首次对西南山核桃果园的蘑菇形成真菌群落进行了表征，并强调了它们在提高果园生态系统健康和恢复力方面的潜在作用。

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引用次数: 0

Differential profiling of viable fungi in the gut of Penaeus vannamei cultured in brackishwater ponds with high protein, low protein and azolla-based diets 在高蛋白、低蛋白和以氮唑为基础饲料的咸淡水中养殖的凡纳滨对虾肠道内活菌的差异分析

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101595

N.S. Sudheer , I.F. Biju , L. Priyadarshini , D. De , T.K. Ghoshal , Babita Mandal , S. Das

An understanding of the gut microflora of an organism provides vital information that could be used in developing strategies for health management. In this view, a differential profiling of fungi in the gut of Penaeus vannamei fed on high protein, low protein and azolla-based diets are carried out. Shrimp samples were collected from brackish water ponds maintained on various dietary changes and fungus species were isolated and identified. A total of 43 fungi isolates belonging to 29 species, 2 phyla, 8 classes, 11 orders, 22 families and 23 genera ware identified. Among the identified species 74.41 % are represented by phylum Ascomycota and 25.60 % of the species are represented by Basidiomycota. Sakaguchia oryzae (9 %) and Parasarocladium breve (9 %) were the dominant species. The data indicate that higher fungal diversity was present in low protein administered groups followed by high protein feed with a slight difference. The lowest fungal diversity was in the azolla-based diet administered group. P. breve and Penicillium osxalicum were abundant in the high protein feed administered groups. S. oryzae and Acremonium brachypenium ware abundant in low protein and azolla-based feed groups, respectively. The genera Acremonium (4.3 %) was found common in all tested diet administered groups. The results indicated that dietary changes may influence the fungal diversity in the gut of P. vannamei. Our study provides valuable information on the gut mycobiota of P. vannamei cultured on dietary changes through employing modern data analysis and visualization tools, which is essential for developing an effective management strategy to improve shrimp culture.

对肠道菌群的了解提供了重要的信息，可用于制定健康管理策略。在这种观点下，研究人员对饲喂高蛋白、低蛋白和以氮唑为基础的饲料的凡纳滨对虾肠道中真菌的差异进行了分析。在不同饵料变化的咸淡水池塘中采集虾类，分离鉴定菌种。共分离得到真菌43株，隶属于2门8纲11目22科23属29种。其中，子囊菌门占74.41%，担子菌门占25.60%。优势种为樱谷菌（9%）和短副枝菌（9%）。数据表明，低蛋白饲粮组真菌多样性较高，高蛋白饲粮组次之，差异不大。以氮唑为基础的饲粮组真菌多样性最低。高蛋白饲料组中含有丰富的短假单胞菌和水草青霉。低蛋白和氮唑基饲料组分别富含米曲霉和短芽孢杆菌。Acremonium属（4.3%）在所有试验饲粮组中都很常见。结果表明，饲料的变化可能会影响凡纳滨假单胞菌肠道真菌多样性。本研究通过现代数据分析和可视化工具，为瓦纳美对虾肠道菌群随饲料变化的变化提供了有价值的信息，这对制定有效的管理策略以提高对虾养殖质量至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Application of fungal volatile organic compounds for enhancing plant growth and controlling plant pathogens 真菌挥发性有机化合物在促进植物生长和控制植物病原体中的应用

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101606

Elsherbiny A. Elsherbiny , Sabrien A. Omar , Joan W. Bennett

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important and diverse roles in the environment. In complex ecological communities, they mediate inter-organismal communication. The physical properties of VOCs enable them to diffuse through the air and impact above-ground plant parts, as well as affect underground plant parts in gas-filled pores in the soil. Many microbial VOCs stimulate plant growth and/or inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. Because VOCs do not rely on direct contact between the biocontrol organism and the pathogen, they can work at a distance. However, VOCs easily dissipate into the atmosphere, and the physiological effects of VOCs are highly concentration-dependent, which pose challenges for controlled applications. Currently, their greatest utility is for storage pathogens and greenhouse crops. This review summarizes important findings about fungal VOCs from an agricultural perspective, giving examples of plant growth promotion and the inhibition of plant pathogens while also highlighting the challenges that accompany attempts to harness VOCs activity for agricultural productivity.

挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）在环境中发挥着重要而多样的作用。在复杂的生态群落中，它们调解生物间的交流。VOCs的物理性质使其能够通过空气扩散，影响地上植物部分，也影响土壤中充满气体的孔隙中的地下植物部分。许多微生物挥发性有机化合物刺激植物生长和/或抑制植物病原体的生长。由于挥发性有机化合物不依赖于生物防治生物与病原体之间的直接接触，因此它们可以在一定距离内发挥作用。然而，挥发性有机化合物很容易消散到大气中，并且其生理效应高度依赖于浓度，这给控制应用带来了挑战。目前，它们最大的用途是储存病原体和温室作物。本文从农业角度总结了真菌挥发性有机化合物的重要发现，给出了促进植物生长和抑制植物病原体的例子，同时也强调了利用挥发性有机化合物活动提高农业生产力所面临的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Overview of scientific productivity in the field of fungal stress research 真菌胁迫研究领域科学生产力综述

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101598

Alene Alder-Rangel , Drauzio E.N. Rangel

The study of fungal stress (FS) responses contributes to a deeper understanding of this important group of organisms. This bibliometric study explores what research has been conducted on how agricultural, environmental, and industrial important fungi respond to changes or stress in their environment. The Web of Science was employed to find publications related to FS tolerance, and after sorting, 3126 articles were analyzed. The major fungus/fungi studied in each article were noted and sorted into categories of Environmental, Industrial, or Agricultural FS. The publications were then assigned into these categories or General, for articles covering many fungi. Agricultural Fungi were further divided into Plant-pathogenic, Insect-pathogenic, Antagonist, Postharvest decay, and Nematode-trapping niches. Seventy years of research into FS were found, with the majority of publications after 1990, peaking in 2022. Almost half of the FS publications were about Agriculture, and plant pathogens were the most common niche studied. The most studied fungi were Beauveria bassiana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus nidulans. Studies on FS were conducted in 87 countries by at least 9766 researchers. Most of the top institutions and researchers in FS publications are Chinese.

真菌应激（FS）反应的研究有助于更深入地了解这一重要的生物群体。这项文献计量学研究探讨了农业、环境和工业重要真菌如何对其环境中的变化或压力作出反应的研究。利用Web of Science检索与FS耐受性相关的文献，整理后共分析3126篇。每篇文章中研究的主要真菌/真菌都被标记并分类为环境、工业或农业FS。出版物然后被分配到这些类别或一般，为文章涵盖许多真菌。农业真菌进一步分为植物致病性生态位、昆虫致病性生态位、拮抗生态位、采后腐烂生态位和诱捕线虫生态位。研究人员对FS进行了70年的研究，其中大多数出版物是在1990年之后发表的，在2022年达到顶峰。几乎一半的FS出版物是关于农业的，植物病原体是最常见的生态位研究。研究最多的真菌是球孢白僵菌、酿酒酵母菌和球状曲霉。至少有9766名研究人员在87个国家对FS进行了研究。FS出版物中的顶尖机构和研究人员大多是中国人。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of phenotype and secondary metabolic silencing gene clusters in Aspergillus sydowii by velvet transcription factors 丝绒转录因子对西多曲霉表型和次生代谢沉默基因簇的调控

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Fungal biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101605

Jie Zeng , Yu Cao , Yihan Guo , Dongyou Xiang , Jiale Wang , Qingrui Xu , Xiaoqiang Lang , Hui Xu , Yi Cao

The silencing of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) is a widespread phenomenon in fungal secondary metabolism. Traditional environmental induction strategies often fail to effectively activate these silent BGCs, whereas global transcription factor regulation has emerged as a powerful strategy for their activation. Therefore, this study focuses on Velvet family transcription factors VosA and VelB, investigating their functions in Aspergillus sydowii H-1 and their regulatory role in activating silent gene clusters. Phenotypic analyses revealed that AsvelB influence conidiation, colony morphology. Disruption or overexpression of AsvosA or AsvelB resulted in impaired cell wall integrity (CWI). Furthermore, the knockout strains ΔAsvelB and ΔAsvosA exhibited elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. These findings highlight their roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and fungal physiology. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis of 19 type I polyketide synthase (PKS) genes revealed that AsvosA and AsvelB exert global regulatory effects on secondary metabolism in H-1. EVM0012129.1 was identified as a candidate PKS gene highly associated with purple pigment biosynthesis through semi-quantitative PCR and qPCR analyses. Overexpression of AsvosA enhanced purple pigment production specifically in conidia and upregulated EVM0012129.1, further supporting its critical role in pigment synthesis. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory network of AsvosA and AsvelB, highlighting their potential applications in fungal biology and metabolic engineering.

生物合成基因簇（BGCs）的沉默是真菌次生代谢中普遍存在的现象。传统的环境诱导策略往往不能有效地激活这些沉默的bgc，而全球转录因子调控已经成为激活它们的有力策略。因此，本研究以丝绒家族转录因子VosA和VelB为研究对象，探讨其在西多曲霉H-1中的功能及其在沉默基因簇激活中的调控作用。表型分析显示AsvelB影响孢子萌发、菌落形态。AsvosA或AsvelB的破坏或过表达导致细胞壁完整性受损（CWI）。此外，敲除菌株ΔAsvelB和ΔAsvosA表现出细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平升高。这些发现强调了它们在维持细胞稳态和真菌生理学中的作用。对19个I型聚酮合成酶（PKS）基因的半定量PCR分析显示，AsvosA和AsvelB对H-1的次生代谢具有全局调控作用。通过半定量PCR和qPCR分析，EVM0012129.1为紫色色素生物合成高度相关的PKS候选基因。AsvosA的过表达增强了紫色色素的产生，特别是在分生孢子中，并上调了EVM0012129.1，进一步支持了其在色素合成中的关键作用。这些发现为AsvosA和AsvelB的调控网络提供了新的见解，突出了它们在真菌生物学和代谢工程中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0