Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101659
Cristian Atala , Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez , Sebastián A. Reyes , Marco A. Molina–Montenegro
Mutualistic interactions with fungal endophytes are a promising strategy for enhancing plant stress tolerance and productivity. This study evaluated the impact of fungal endophytes on drought tolerance and productivity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Seedlings were grown under semi-controlled conditions with endophyte-treated (E+, inoculated with Penicillium rubens) and axenic (E−) plants subjected to three irrigation regimes. Productivity was measured as shoot biomass (lettuce) and fruit production (tomato). Drought tolerance was assessed via proline content, NHX1 gene expression, and root biomass, summarized by an integrated tolerance index. Inoculated lettuce showed higher tolerance, productivity, and root biomass, with no trade-off between these traits. Inoculated tomatoes exhibited higher yields under both no-stress and severe-stress conditions, with overcompensation under high stress. The integrated tolerance index highlighted enhanced productivity and tolerance in inoculated plants, demonstrating fungal endophytes as a sustainable strategy to mitigate drought stress and maintain crop yields.
{"title":"Penicillium rubens, a root fungal endophyte, increase stress tolerance and productivity in crops under drought stress","authors":"Cristian Atala , Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez , Sebastián A. Reyes , Marco A. Molina–Montenegro","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mutualistic interactions with fungal endophytes are a promising strategy for enhancing plant stress tolerance and productivity. This study evaluated the impact of fungal endophytes on drought tolerance and productivity in lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>) and tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>). Seedlings were grown under semi-controlled conditions with endophyte-treated (E+, inoculated with <em>Penicillium rubens</em>) and axenic (E−) plants subjected to three irrigation regimes. Productivity was measured as shoot biomass (lettuce) and fruit production (tomato). Drought tolerance was assessed via proline content, <em>NHX1</em> gene expression, and root biomass, summarized by an integrated tolerance index. Inoculated lettuce showed higher tolerance, productivity, and root biomass, with no trade-off between these traits. Inoculated tomatoes exhibited higher yields under both no-stress and severe-stress conditions, with overcompensation under high stress. The integrated tolerance index highlighted enhanced productivity and tolerance in inoculated plants, demonstrating fungal endophytes as a sustainable strategy to mitigate drought stress and maintain crop yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101657
Alexandre V. Andronikov, Irina E. Andronikova, Eva Martinkova, Ondrej Sebek, Marketa Stepanova
We studied trace element distributions (with the use of the Agilent Technologies 5110 ICP-OES) and Mg, Cu, Zn, and Cd isotope fractionations (with the use of the MC-ICP-MS Neptune, ThermoFisher) in a substrate (granite-based)-to-mushroom (Boletus edulis) system. B. edulis likely intakes elements only in amounts necessary for its healthy existence, almost regardless of the composition of the substrate. Significant isotope fractionations occur at the soil-to-mushroom interface (Δ values varied from −1.58 ‰ for Mg to +0.72 ‰ for Cd). B. edulis from the granite-based substrate preferentially took up a lighter Mg isotope, whereas heavier isotopes of Cu, Zn, and Cd are taken up preferentially. Within-mushroom isotope fractionations were not so strongly pronounced. The strongest extent of the within-mushroom isotope fractionation was observed for Mg (within-mushroom Δ26Mg = −0.45 to +0.35 ‰) and Zn (within-mushroom Δ66Zn = −0.33 to +0.40 ‰) whereas the weakest, for Cu (within-mushroom Δ65Cu = −0.14 to −0.02 ‰) and Cd (within-mushroom Δ114Cd = −0.09 to +0.08 ‰). Mg and Zn isotope fractionations could be due to the physical properties of the mushroom. With no redox-related Cu isotope fractionation involved, kinetic processes and Cu+ complexation to S could lead to the observed subtle negative within-mushroom Cu isotope fractionation. Very insignificant Cd isotope fractionation can be due to still unidentified fungal-driven fractionation processes. Overall, the study conducted confirmed that B. edulis is able to uptake elements with different degrees of readiness and translocate them within the fruiting body with differing intensities subjecting the elements to isotope fractionation at different extent.
{"title":"The wild-grown Boletus edulis (penny bun) mushroom from the granite-based substrate: Trace elements uptake and Mg, Cu, Zn, and Cd isotope fractionations","authors":"Alexandre V. Andronikov, Irina E. Andronikova, Eva Martinkova, Ondrej Sebek, Marketa Stepanova","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied trace element distributions (with the use of the Agilent Technologies 5110 ICP-OES) and Mg, Cu, Zn, and Cd isotope fractionations (with the use of the MC-ICP-MS Neptune, ThermoFisher) in a substrate (granite-based)-to-mushroom (<em>Boletus edulis</em>) system. <em>B. edulis</em> likely intakes elements only in amounts necessary for its healthy existence, almost regardless of the composition of the substrate. Significant isotope fractionations occur at the soil-to-mushroom interface (Δ values varied from −1.58 ‰ for Mg to +0.72 ‰ for Cd). <em>B. edulis</em> from the granite-based substrate preferentially took up a lighter Mg isotope, whereas heavier isotopes of Cu, Zn, and Cd are taken up preferentially. Within-mushroom isotope fractionations were not so strongly pronounced. The strongest extent of the within-mushroom isotope fractionation was observed for Mg (within-mushroom Δ<sup>26</sup>Mg = −0.45 to +0.35 ‰) and Zn (within-mushroom Δ<sup>66</sup>Zn = −0.33 to +0.40 ‰) whereas the weakest, for Cu (within-mushroom Δ<sup>65</sup>Cu = −0.14 to −0.02 ‰) and Cd (within-mushroom Δ<sup>114</sup>Cd = −0.09 to +0.08 ‰). Mg and Zn isotope fractionations could be due to the physical properties of the mushroom. With no redox-related Cu isotope fractionation involved, kinetic processes and Cu<sup>+</sup> complexation to S could lead to the observed subtle negative within-mushroom Cu isotope fractionation. Very insignificant Cd isotope fractionation can be due to still unidentified fungal-driven fractionation processes. Overall, the study conducted confirmed that <em>B. edulis</em> is able to uptake elements with different degrees of readiness and translocate them within the fruiting body with differing intensities subjecting the elements to isotope fractionation at different extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101658
Nahúm G. Cayo Chileno , Daniela Sales Alviano , Celuta Sales Alviano , Tatiana Cardoso e Bufalo , Talita Martins , Laércio Mesquita Júnior , Gabrielle Avelar Silva , Maria Alves Ferreira , Joaquin H. Aquino Rocha , Otavio da Fonseca Martins Gomes , Romildo Dias Toledo Filho , Saulo Rocha Ferreira
The biomineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mediated by microorganisms has been extensively studied for decades, with a predominant focus on bacteria, algae, and fungi. However, the functional and operational limitations of these species highlight the need to investigate new biological agents. This study aims to evaluate the biomineralization potential of Pythium aphanidermatum, an oomycete from the Chromista kingdom, for crack-healing applications in cement mortars. Its ureolytic capacity to accelerate CaCO3 formation was analyzed, and liquid cultures with controlled concentrations of cells and calcium acetate were designed. Additionally, the microorganism's growth in alkaline media was evaluated. A surface application technique was adapted to determine the crack repair potential in cementitious matrices. Results demonstrated that P aphanidermatum does not necessarily require urea to form CaCO3. A concentration of 105 cells/mL and 100 mM of calcium acetate were optimal for microorganism development through surface application and CaCO3 formation. It was also observed that P. aphanidermatum can tolerate alkaline environments (pH 11). Finally, its filamentous growth allowed partial filling of cracks in carbonated cement mortars. This work expands the scope of biomineralization by incorporating an organism from a previously unreported kingdom into this field, laying the foundation for sustainable and innovative applications in the construction industry.
{"title":"An exploratory study on crack healing in cementitious matrices induced by Pythium aphanidermatum","authors":"Nahúm G. Cayo Chileno , Daniela Sales Alviano , Celuta Sales Alviano , Tatiana Cardoso e Bufalo , Talita Martins , Laércio Mesquita Júnior , Gabrielle Avelar Silva , Maria Alves Ferreira , Joaquin H. Aquino Rocha , Otavio da Fonseca Martins Gomes , Romildo Dias Toledo Filho , Saulo Rocha Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biomineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) mediated by microorganisms has been extensively studied for decades, with a predominant focus on bacteria, algae, and fungi. However, the functional and operational limitations of these species highlight the need to investigate new biological agents. This study aims to evaluate the biomineralization potential of <em>Pythium aphanidermatum</em>, an oomycete from the Chromista kingdom, for crack-healing applications in cement mortars. Its ureolytic capacity to accelerate CaCO<sub>3</sub> formation was analyzed, and liquid cultures with controlled concentrations of cells and calcium acetate were designed. Additionally, the microorganism's growth in alkaline media was evaluated. A surface application technique was adapted to determine the crack repair potential in cementitious matrices. Results demonstrated that <em>P aphanidermatum</em> does not necessarily require urea to form CaCO<sub>3</sub>. A concentration of 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL and 100 mM of calcium acetate were optimal for microorganism development through surface application and CaCO<sub>3</sub> formation. It was also observed that <em>P. aphanidermatum</em> can tolerate alkaline environments (pH 11). Finally, its filamentous growth allowed partial filling of cracks in carbonated cement mortars. This work expands the scope of biomineralization by incorporating an organism from a previously unreported kingdom into this field, laying the foundation for sustainable and innovative applications in the construction industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101656
Jia-Yu Song , Hai-Xia Wu , Kevin D. Hyde , Wei-Feng Ding , Qiang Wang , Cui-Ling Gong , Yi-Tong Wang
The species evolution of epiphytic fungi are unique and critically important due to their association with plants. In this study, six new species of Translucidithyrium were discovered re-integrated morphological characteristics of this genus combined with phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all species of Translucidithyrium formed a monophyletic clade within Phaeothecoidiellaceae. The molecular clock analysis indicated that the divergence time of extant species of Translucidithyrium occurred during the Cenozoic era (18 Mya). The cophylogeny was conducted based on separately phylogenetic trees of Translucidithyrium and its host plants to explore their evolutionary relationships. Translucidithyrium's species with host plant selection likely being random. Understanding the evolutionary history of Translucidithyrium species provides new perspectives and data to support research into the evolution of epiphytic fungi.
{"title":"Diversity of Translucidithyrium (Mycosphaerellales, Phaeothecoidiellaceae) in China: Insights into their evolutionary split time and cophylogeny","authors":"Jia-Yu Song , Hai-Xia Wu , Kevin D. Hyde , Wei-Feng Ding , Qiang Wang , Cui-Ling Gong , Yi-Tong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The species evolution of epiphytic fungi are unique and critically important due to their association with plants. In this study, six new species of <em>Translucidithyrium</em> were discovered re-integrated morphological characteristics of this genus combined with phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all species of <em>Translucidithyrium</em> formed a monophyletic clade within <em>Phaeothecoidiellaceae</em>. The molecular clock analysis indicated that the divergence time of extant species of <em>Translucidithyrium</em> occurred during the Cenozoic era (18 Mya). The cophylogeny was conducted based on separately phylogenetic trees of <em>Translucidithyrium</em> and its host plants to explore their evolutionary relationships. <em>Translucidithyrium</em>'s species with host plant selection likely being random. Understanding the evolutionary history of <em>Translucidithyrium</em> species provides new perspectives and data to support research into the evolution of epiphytic fungi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101653
Tianyi Zhao, Jinzhuo Shi, Lu Zhang, Wei Yuan, Ning Liu, Zhiyan Cao, Jingao Dong
The fungal pathogen Setosphaeria turcica causes northern corn leaf blight and relies on melanized appressoria for host invasion. SNX-BAR proteins are a subfamily of Sorting nexins (SNX), which regulate membrane trafficking, cargo sorting and membrane remodeling at the endosome. Previous studies have suggested that SNX-BARs play a critical role in growth, development and virulence of plant pathogens. However, its roles in S. turcica remain not fully understood. Here, we characterized the SNX-BAR protein StMvp1, a homolog of yeast Mvp1, in S. turcica and uncovered its critical role in melanin biosynthesis, autophagy, and pathogenicity. Deletion of StMvp1 impaired polarized growth, and appressorium development, significantly reducing pathogenicity on maize. StMvp1 located in endosomes and is necessary for endocytosis. Notably, ΔStMvp1 accumulated intracellular melanin due to the mislocalization of key synthases (StPKS18, StLac1, and StSCD3), which were trapped in punctate endosomal compartments. Meanwhile, ΔStMvp1 exhibited aberrant autophagosome formation and impaired autophagy-dependent appressorium maturation. Our study establishes StMvp1 as a regulator of endosomal sorting, melanin transport, and pathogenicity, providing insights into SNX-BAR-mediated pathogenesis in plant pathogenic fungi.
{"title":"SNX-BAR protein StMvp1 is required for the endosomal sorting, melanin transport, and pathogenicity of Setosphaeria turcica","authors":"Tianyi Zhao, Jinzhuo Shi, Lu Zhang, Wei Yuan, Ning Liu, Zhiyan Cao, Jingao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fungal pathogen <em>Setosphaeria turcica</em> causes northern corn leaf blight and relies on melanized appressoria for host invasion. SNX-BAR proteins are a subfamily of Sorting nexins (SNX), which regulate membrane trafficking, cargo sorting and membrane remodeling at the endosome. Previous studies have suggested that SNX-BARs play a critical role in growth, development and virulence of plant pathogens. However, its roles in <em>S. turcica</em> remain not fully understood. Here, we characterized the SNX-BAR protein StMvp1, a homolog of yeast Mvp1, in <em>S. turcica</em> and uncovered its critical role in melanin biosynthesis, autophagy, and pathogenicity. Deletion of <em>StMvp1</em> impaired polarized growth, and appressorium development, significantly reducing pathogenicity on maize. <em>StMvp1</em> located in endosomes and is necessary for endocytosis. Notably, Δ<em>StMvp1</em> accumulated intracellular melanin due to the mislocalization of key synthases (<em>StPKS18</em>, <em>StLac1</em>, and <em>StSCD3</em>), which were trapped in punctate endosomal compartments. Meanwhile, Δ<em>StMvp1</em> exhibited aberrant autophagosome formation and impaired autophagy-dependent appressorium maturation. Our study establishes <em>StMvp1</em> as a regulator of endosomal sorting, melanin transport, and pathogenicity, providing insights into SNX-BAR-mediated pathogenesis in plant pathogenic fungi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101646
Maia Ridley , Özge Demir , Lina Scheithauer , Michael Steinert , Frank Surup , Rasmus Enderle , Barbara Schulz
European ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) are threatened by the non-native fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which causes crown dieback and root collar necroses. The exploitation of fungal endophytes, which naturally colonise trees asymptomatically and can produce bioactive metabolites, may provide opportunities as biocontrol agents to reduce symptom development in F. excelsior. We focused our investigations on isolates of four genera which fulfil these criteria and selected six promising candidates for greenhouse experiments: Diaporthe oncostoma (DSM 116298), Pezicula abietina (DSM 5141), Pezicula cf. ericae (DSM 110620), Nemania diffusa (DSM 116299), Hypoxylon perforatum (MUCL 54174) and Hypoxylon rubiginosum (DSM 106870). A detailed analysis of the secondary metabolomes by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry) data identified known metabolites from these endophytes: mycorrhizin A produced by P. abietina, CJ-17,572 from P. cf. ericae, phomopsidin from Hyp. rubiginosum and cytochalasin E from N. diffusa as key anti-fungal agents. Besides detecting multiple potential cytochalasins, the new compound 9-epi-xylaolide A was isolated from D. oncostoma.
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine whether the endophytes could reduce symptoms of ash dieback in planta. When two-year old F. excelsior saplings were artificially-inoculated with each of the six endophytes alone, no significant symptoms of disease developed. For two of the six endophytes, we observed significantly reduced necrotic lesion development when saplings were subsequently inoculated with a H. fraxineus strain of low virulence, compared to saplings inoculated only with the pathogen. In combinations of the six biocontrol candidates and a H. fraxineus strain of higher virulence, lesion development was initially inhibited, however inhibition was not significant and decreased at different rates over the monitoring period. Mortality was delayed in dual-inoculated saplings compared to saplings inoculated with either of the H. fraxineus strains alone. These results indicate symptoms and mortality associated with H. fraxineus infection can be reduced by endophytes.
{"title":"Fungal endophytes with anti-fungal metabolites reduce symptoms of ash dieback in Fraxinus excelsior in a greenhouse experiment","authors":"Maia Ridley , Özge Demir , Lina Scheithauer , Michael Steinert , Frank Surup , Rasmus Enderle , Barbara Schulz","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>European ash trees (<em>Fraxinus excelsior</em>) are threatened by the non-native fungal pathogen <em>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</em>, which causes crown dieback and root collar necroses. The exploitation of fungal endophytes, which naturally colonise trees asymptomatically and can produce bioactive metabolites, may provide opportunities as biocontrol agents to reduce symptom development in <em>F. excelsior</em>. We focused our investigations on isolates of four genera which fulfil these criteria and selected six promising candidates for greenhouse experiments: <em>Diaporthe oncostoma</em> (DSM 116298), <em>Pezicula abietina</em> (DSM 5141), <em>Pezicula</em> cf. <em>ericae</em> (DSM 110620), <em>Nemania diffusa</em> (DSM 116299), <em>Hypoxylon perforatum</em> (MUCL 54174) and <em>Hypoxylon rubiginosum</em> (DSM 106870). A detailed analysis of the secondary metabolomes by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry) data identified known metabolites from these endophytes: mycorrhizin A produced by <em>P. abietina</em>, CJ-17,572 from <em>P.</em> cf. <em>ericae</em>, phomopsidin from <em>Hyp. rubiginosum</em> and cytochalasin E from <em>N. diffusa</em> as key anti-fungal agents. Besides detecting multiple potential cytochalasins, the new compound 9-<em>epi</em>-xylaolide A was isolated from <em>D. oncostoma</em>.</div><div>A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine whether the endophytes could reduce symptoms of ash dieback <em>in planta.</em> When two-year old <em>F. excelsior</em> saplings were artificially-inoculated with each of the six endophytes alone, no significant symptoms of disease developed. For two of the six endophytes, we observed significantly reduced necrotic lesion development when saplings were subsequently inoculated with a <em>H. fraxineus</em> strain of low virulence, compared to saplings inoculated only with the pathogen. In combinations of the six biocontrol candidates and a <em>H. fraxineus</em> strain of higher virulence, lesion development was initially inhibited<em>,</em> however inhibition was not significant and decreased at different rates over the monitoring period. Mortality was delayed in dual-inoculated saplings compared to saplings inoculated with either of the <em>H. fraxineus</em> strains alone. These results indicate symptoms and mortality associated with <em>H. fraxineus</em> infection can be reduced by endophytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101645
Alberto C. Abreu, Micael F.M. Gonçalves, Ana C. Esteves, Artur Alves
Lignicolous marine fungi thrive in marine environments by colonizing wood, where they play a vital role in the degradation and recycling of complex molecules. However, lignicolous marine fungi remain under-described, with significant gaps in knowledge concerning their species diversity. To assess the diversity and temporal succession of lignicolous marine fungi, we submerged wood blocks of Pinus pinaster and Fagus sylvatica at the Ria de Aveiro estuary, Portugal and collected samples every two months, over six months. Twenty-nine fungal genera were identified from 251 isolates, with Penicillium being the most common genus after two months of block submersion. Wood type seems to have modulated fungal diversity, with several genera including Lulworthia spp. prefering beech wood, and Paralulworthia colonized pine. We showed that marine fungal genera from the family Lulworthiaceae are predominant and consistent colonizers of wood substrates in estuarine environments, occupying an intermediate role in colonization. In contrast, the genus Penicillium, the pioneer colonizer, decreases over time, likely due to competition with other marine genera. Based on multilocus phylogeny, using sequences of internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear RNA gene cluster (ITS), and partial sequences of tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cal) and RNA polymerase II (rpb2) coding genes’ sequences, and morphological data, we propose Penicillium alavariense sp. nov., as a novel species in the series Simplicissima. These findings provide new insights into fungal succession on wood substrates, highlighting the role of wood type in shaping fungal communities and advancing our understanding of nutrient cycling in estuarine ecosystems.
木质素海洋真菌在海洋环境中通过定植木材而茁壮成长，它们在复杂分子的降解和再循环中起着至关重要的作用。然而，木质素海洋真菌仍然未被充分描述，其物种多样性方面的知识存在显著差距。为了评估木质素海洋真菌的多样性和时间演替，我们在葡萄牙Ria de Aveiro河口淹没了Pinus pinaster和Fagus sylvatica木块，每两个月采集一次样本，为期6个月。从251株真菌中鉴定出29个真菌属，经过2个月的块状浸泡后，青霉菌是最常见的属。木材类型似乎调节了真菌的多样性，包括Lulworthia sp .喜欢山毛榉木在内的几个属，和副ulworthia定居松树。研究表明，陆氏科海洋真菌属是河口环境中木材基质的主要和一致的定殖菌，在定殖过程中起着中间作用。相比之下，青霉菌属，开拓者，随着时间的推移而减少，可能是由于与其他海洋属的竞争。基于多位点系统发育，利用核RNA基因簇（ITS）内部转录间隔区序列、微管蛋白（tub2）、钙调蛋白（cal）和RNA聚合酶II （rpb2）编码基因的部分序列和形态学资料，我们提出alavariense sp. nov.是Simplicissima系列的新种。这些发现为真菌在木材基质上的演替提供了新的见解，突出了木材类型在真菌群落形成中的作用，并促进了我们对河口生态系统养分循环的理解。
{"title":"Diversity and temporal succession of early-colonizing fungi in wood baits from an estuarine environment, with description of Penicillium alavariense sp. nov","authors":"Alberto C. Abreu, Micael F.M. Gonçalves, Ana C. Esteves, Artur Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignicolous marine fungi thrive in marine environments by colonizing wood, where they play a vital role in the degradation and recycling of complex molecules. However, lignicolous marine fungi remain under-described, with significant gaps in knowledge concerning their species diversity. To assess the diversity and temporal succession of lignicolous marine fungi, we submerged wood blocks of <em>Pinus pinaster</em> and <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> at the Ria de Aveiro estuary, Portugal and collected samples every two months, over six months. Twenty-nine fungal genera were identified from 251 isolates, with <em>Penicillium</em> being the most common genus after two months of block submersion. Wood type seems to have modulated fungal diversity, with several genera including <em>Lulworthia</em> spp. prefering beech wood, and <em>Paralulworthia</em> colonized pine. We showed that marine fungal genera from the family <em>Lulworthiaceae</em> are predominant and consistent colonizers of wood substrates in estuarine environments, occupying an intermediate role in colonization. In contrast, the genus <em>Penicillium</em>, the pioneer colonizer, decreases over time, likely due to competition with other marine genera. Based on multilocus phylogeny, using sequences of internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear RNA gene cluster (ITS), and partial sequences of tubulin (<em>tub2</em>), calmodulin (<em>cal</em>) and RNA polymerase II (<em>rpb2</em>) coding genes’ sequences, and morphological data, we propose <em>Penicillium alavariense</em> sp. nov., as a novel species in the series <em>Simplicissima</em>. These findings provide new insights into fungal succession on wood substrates, highlighting the role of wood type in shaping fungal communities and advancing our understanding of nutrient cycling in estuarine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101644
Xinran Li , Lei Wang , Miao Zhu
α-Amylase is a crucial enzyme modulating carbohydrate metabolism that holds a significant role in the growth and development of animals, plants, and microbes. However, its role in mushrooms remains unclear. This study identified eight PoAmy genes within the genome of Pleurotus ostreatus that were distributed across three chromosomes. These genes were categorized into two distinct subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships and corroborated by the identification of conserved motifs. Gene duplication and homology analyses highlighted that PoAmys have undergone potent purifying selection throughout their evolutionary history. Furthermore, the cis-acting elements within PoAmys indicated heightened sensitivity to light and hormonal regulation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations suggested that PoAmys were involved in polysaccharide metabolism. Transcriptome data coupled with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results indicated that most members exhibited significant differential expression throughout growth and development, from the mycelial stage to the mature substrate. This study provides valuable insights into the role of α-amylase in P. ostreatus, providing a platform for future functional studies.
{"title":"Identifying the Pleurotus ostreatus α-amylase gene family and analyzing its expression during growth and development","authors":"Xinran Li , Lei Wang , Miao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>α-Amylase is a crucial enzyme modulating carbohydrate metabolism that holds a significant role in the growth and development of animals, plants, and microbes. However, its role in mushrooms remains unclear. This study identified eight <em>PoAmy</em> genes within the genome of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> that were distributed across three chromosomes. These genes were categorized into two distinct subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships and corroborated by the identification of conserved motifs. Gene duplication and homology analyses highlighted that <em>PoAmys</em> have undergone potent purifying selection throughout their evolutionary history. Furthermore, the <em>cis-</em>acting elements within <em>PoAmys</em> indicated heightened sensitivity to light and hormonal regulation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations suggested that <em>PoAmys</em> were involved in polysaccharide metabolism. Transcriptome data coupled with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results indicated that most members exhibited significant differential expression throughout growth and development, from the mycelial stage to the mature substrate. This study provides valuable insights into the role of α-amylase in <em>P. ostreatus</em>, providing a platform for future functional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101643
Marcos V. Caiafa , Laurel Kaminsky , Rosanne Healy , Leanne P. Sheffer , C. Benton Willis , Katy Deitz , Brantlee S. Richter , Benjamin R. Lemmond , David Borland , Bitty A. Roy , Heather A. Dawson , Carolyn A. Delevich , John S. Conery , Dylan Warner , Miroslav Caboň , Elena Karlsen-Ayala , Arthur C. Grupe II , Nattapol Kraisitudomsook , Nicole K. Reynolds , Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos , Matthew E. Smith
The Ordway-Swisher Biological Station (OSBS) is a 38-km2 reserve owned by the University of Florida and is part of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). The reserve contains several iconic Florida habitats, such as sandhill, mesic hammock, and scrubby flatwoods. While plants and animals have been extensively studied at OSBS, the fungi remain poorly known. Fungal inventories are critical to increase knowledge of both fungal diversity and species ranges, and thus to provide foundational data for a wide array of applications in ecology and resource management. Here, we present the results of a nine-year effort to collect, preserve, and DNA barcode the macrofungi at OSBS. This effort generated >1200 vouchered specimens and 984 ITS rDNA sequences, representing more than 546 species. Our sampling was dominated by Basidiomycota and revealed a high diversity of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly species of Amanita, Cortinarius, and Russula. Sampling curves and both Chao1 and Jacknife1 richness estimators suggest that our DNA barcoding efforts captured only about half of the macrofungi species and that a more complete inventory would detect 897–1177 macrofungi species at OSBS. Our sampling found more species of macrofungi at OSBS than the known number of vertebrate animal species at the reserve and our estimates also suggest that there are likely more macrofungi species than plant species at OSBS. This study is the first comprehensive macrofungi inventory within a NEON site and highlights the importance of long-term monitoring to provide novel data on fungal diversity, community structure, conservation, biogeography, and taxonomy.
{"title":"Think globally, barcode locally: nine years of macrofungi sampling reveals extensive biodiversity at the ordway-swisher biological station, a subtropical site in Florida","authors":"Marcos V. Caiafa , Laurel Kaminsky , Rosanne Healy , Leanne P. Sheffer , C. Benton Willis , Katy Deitz , Brantlee S. Richter , Benjamin R. Lemmond , David Borland , Bitty A. Roy , Heather A. Dawson , Carolyn A. Delevich , John S. Conery , Dylan Warner , Miroslav Caboň , Elena Karlsen-Ayala , Arthur C. Grupe II , Nattapol Kraisitudomsook , Nicole K. Reynolds , Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos , Matthew E. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ordway-Swisher Biological Station (OSBS) is a 38-km<sup>2</sup> reserve owned by the University of Florida and is part of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). The reserve contains several iconic Florida habitats, such as sandhill, mesic hammock, and scrubby flatwoods. While plants and animals have been extensively studied at OSBS, the fungi remain poorly known. Fungal inventories are critical to increase knowledge of both fungal diversity and species ranges, and thus to provide foundational data for a wide array of applications in ecology and resource management. Here, we present the results of a nine-year effort to collect, preserve, and DNA barcode the macrofungi at OSBS. This effort generated >1200 vouchered specimens and 984 ITS rDNA sequences, representing more than 546 species. Our sampling was dominated by Basidiomycota and revealed a high diversity of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly species of <em>Amanita, Cortinarius,</em> and <em>Russula</em>. Sampling curves and both Chao1 and Jacknife1 richness estimators suggest that our DNA barcoding efforts captured only about half of the macrofungi species and that a more complete inventory would detect 897–1177 macrofungi species at OSBS. Our sampling found more species of macrofungi at OSBS than the known number of vertebrate animal species at the reserve and our estimates also suggest that there are likely more macrofungi species than plant species at OSBS. This study is the first comprehensive macrofungi inventory within a NEON site and highlights the importance of long-term monitoring to provide novel data on fungal diversity, community structure, conservation, biogeography, and taxonomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101642
Jia Wang, Wenxia Gao, Xinyi Tang, Jinrong Feng
Candida albicans employs apoptosis to maintain genomic stability under genotoxic stress, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we characterize the role of a putative pro-apoptotic factor Moh1 in C. albicans. Our findings reveal that MOH1 transcription is significantly upregulated under genotoxic stress and in DNA repair-deficient backgrounds (e.g., rad52Δ). Paradoxically, MOH1 deletion enhances resistance to genotoxic agents, improving cellular survival and reducing apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased nuclear condensation. Mechanistically, moh1Δ cells exhibit reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pharmacological ROS scavenging with N-acetylcysteine abolishes the stress-resistant phenotype. Genetic interaction analysis identifies potential functional overlap between MOH1 and NMA111, a previously characterized pro-apoptotic factor. Transcriptomic profiling of moh1Δ cells under genotoxic stress shows dysregulation of DNA repair (SPO11, RFC52) and apoptosis (Orf19.2175) genes. While dispensable for hyphal morphogenesis and virulence in a Galleria mellonella model, Moh1 negatively regulates biofilm formation. Collectively, these findings establish Moh1 as a critical regulator of ROS-dependent apoptosis during genotoxic stress response in C. albicans, offering insights for targeting fungal apoptotic pathways in antifungal strategies.
{"title":"Moh1 coordinates ROS-dependent apoptosis in genotoxic stress response of Candida albicans","authors":"Jia Wang, Wenxia Gao, Xinyi Tang, Jinrong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Candida albicans</em> employs apoptosis to maintain genomic stability under genotoxic stress, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we characterize the role of a putative pro-apoptotic factor Moh1 in <em>C. albicans</em>. Our findings reveal that <em>MOH1</em> transcription is significantly upregulated under genotoxic stress and in DNA repair-deficient backgrounds (e.g., <em>rad52Δ</em>). Paradoxically, <em>MOH1</em> deletion enhances resistance to genotoxic agents, improving cellular survival and reducing apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased nuclear condensation. Mechanistically, <em>moh1Δ</em> cells exhibit reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pharmacological ROS scavenging with N-acetylcysteine abolishes the stress-resistant phenotype. Genetic interaction analysis identifies potential functional overlap between <em>MOH1</em> and <em>NMA111</em>, a previously characterized pro-apoptotic factor. Transcriptomic profiling of <em>moh1Δ</em> cells under genotoxic stress shows dysregulation of DNA repair (<em>SPO11</em>, <em>RFC52</em>) and apoptosis (<em>Orf19.2175)</em> genes. While dispensable for hyphal morphogenesis and virulence in a <em>Galleria mellonella</em> model, Moh1 negatively regulates biofilm formation. Collectively, these findings establish Moh1 as a critical regulator of ROS-dependent apoptosis during genotoxic stress response in <em>C. albicans</em>, offering insights for targeting fungal apoptotic pathways in antifungal strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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