Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Fungal endophytes with anti-fungal metabolites reduce symptoms of ash dieback in Fraxinus excelsior in a greenhouse experiment","authors":"Maia Ridley ,&nbsp;Özge Demir ,&nbsp;Lina Scheithauer ,&nbsp;Michael Steinert ,&nbsp;Frank Surup ,&nbsp;Rasmus Enderle ,&nbsp;Barbara Schulz","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>European ash trees (<em>Fraxinus excelsior</em>) are threatened by the non-native fungal pathogen <em>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</em>, which causes crown dieback and root collar necroses. The exploitation of fungal endophytes, which naturally colonise trees asymptomatically and can produce bioactive metabolites, may provide opportunities as biocontrol agents to reduce symptom development in <em>F. excelsior</em>. We focused our investigations on isolates of four genera which fulfil these criteria and selected six promising candidates for greenhouse experiments: <em>Diaporthe oncostoma</em> (DSM 116298), <em>Pezicula abietina</em> (DSM 5141), <em>Pezicula</em> cf. <em>ericae</em> (DSM 110620), <em>Nemania diffusa</em> (DSM 116299), <em>Hypoxylon perforatum</em> (MUCL 54174) and <em>Hypoxylon rubiginosum</em> (DSM 106870). A detailed analysis of the secondary metabolomes by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry) data identified known metabolites from these endophytes: mycorrhizin A produced by <em>P. abietina</em>, CJ-17,572 from <em>P.</em> cf. <em>ericae</em>, phomopsidin from <em>Hyp. rubiginosum</em> and cytochalasin E from <em>N. diffusa</em> as key anti-fungal agents. Besides detecting multiple potential cytochalasins, the new compound 9-<em>epi</em>-xylaolide A was isolated from <em>D. oncostoma</em>.</div><div>A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine whether the endophytes could reduce symptoms of ash dieback <em>in planta.</em> When two-year old <em>F. excelsior</em> saplings were artificially-inoculated with each of the six endophytes alone, no significant symptoms of disease developed. For two of the six endophytes, we observed significantly reduced necrotic lesion development when saplings were subsequently inoculated with a <em>H. fraxineus</em> strain of low virulence, compared to saplings inoculated only with the pathogen. In combinations of the six biocontrol candidates and a <em>H. fraxineus</em> strain of higher virulence, lesion development was initially inhibited<em>,</em> however inhibition was not significant and decreased at different rates over the monitoring period. Mortality was delayed in dual-inoculated saplings compared to saplings inoculated with either of the <em>H. fraxineus</em> strains alone. These results indicate symptoms and mortality associated with <em>H. fraxineus</em> infection can be reduced by endophytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and temporal succession of early-colonizing fungi in wood baits from an estuarine environment, with description of Penicillium alavariense sp. nov","authors":"Alberto C. Abreu,&nbsp;Micael F.M. Gonçalves,&nbsp;Ana C. Esteves,&nbsp;Artur Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignicolous marine fungi thrive in marine environments by colonizing wood, where they play a vital role in the degradation and recycling of complex molecules. However, lignicolous marine fungi remain under-described, with significant gaps in knowledge concerning their species diversity. To assess the diversity and temporal succession of lignicolous marine fungi, we submerged wood blocks of <em>Pinus pinaster</em> and <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> at the Ria de Aveiro estuary, Portugal and collected samples every two months, over six months. Twenty-nine fungal genera were identified from 251 isolates, with <em>Penicillium</em> being the most common genus after two months of block submersion. Wood type seems to have modulated fungal diversity, with several genera including <em>Lulworthia</em> spp. prefering beech wood, and <em>Paralulworthia</em> colonized pine. We showed that marine fungal genera from the family <em>Lulworthiaceae</em> are predominant and consistent colonizers of wood substrates in estuarine environments, occupying an intermediate role in colonization. In contrast, the genus <em>Penicillium</em>, the pioneer colonizer, decreases over time, likely due to competition with other marine genera. Based on multilocus phylogeny, using sequences of internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear RNA gene cluster (ITS), and partial sequences of tubulin (<em>tub2</em>), calmodulin (<em>cal</em>) and RNA polymerase II (<em>rpb2</em>) coding genes’ sequences, and morphological data, we propose <em>Penicillium alavariense</em> sp. nov., as a novel species in the series <em>Simplicissima</em>. These findings provide new insights into fungal succession on wood substrates, highlighting the role of wood type in shaping fungal communities and advancing our understanding of nutrient cycling in estuarine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the Pleurotus ostreatus α-amylase gene family and analyzing its expression during growth and development","authors":"Xinran Li ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Miao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>α-Amylase is a crucial enzyme modulating carbohydrate metabolism that holds a significant role in the growth and development of animals, plants, and microbes. However, its role in mushrooms remains unclear. This study identified eight <em>PoAmy</em> genes within the genome of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> that were distributed across three chromosomes. These genes were categorized into two distinct subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships and corroborated by the identification of conserved motifs. Gene duplication and homology analyses highlighted that <em>PoAmys</em> have undergone potent purifying selection throughout their evolutionary history. Furthermore, the <em>cis-</em>acting elements within <em>PoAmys</em> indicated heightened sensitivity to light and hormonal regulation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations suggested that <em>PoAmys</em> were involved in polysaccharide metabolism. Transcriptome data coupled with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results indicated that most members exhibited significant differential expression throughout growth and development, from the mycelial stage to the mature substrate. This study provides valuable insights into the role of α-amylase in <em>P. ostreatus</em>, providing a platform for future functional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Think globally, barcode locally: nine years of macrofungi sampling reveals extensive biodiversity at the ordway-swisher biological station, a subtropical site in Florida","authors":"Marcos V. Caiafa ,&nbsp;Laurel Kaminsky ,&nbsp;Rosanne Healy ,&nbsp;Leanne P. Sheffer ,&nbsp;C. Benton Willis ,&nbsp;Katy Deitz ,&nbsp;Brantlee S. Richter ,&nbsp;Benjamin R. Lemmond ,&nbsp;David Borland ,&nbsp;Bitty A. Roy ,&nbsp;Heather A. Dawson ,&nbsp;Carolyn A. Delevich ,&nbsp;John S. Conery ,&nbsp;Dylan Warner ,&nbsp;Miroslav Caboň ,&nbsp;Elena Karlsen-Ayala ,&nbsp;Arthur C. Grupe II ,&nbsp;Nattapol Kraisitudomsook ,&nbsp;Nicole K. Reynolds ,&nbsp;Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos ,&nbsp;Matthew E. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ordway-Swisher Biological Station (OSBS) is a 38-km² reserve owned by the University of Florida and is part of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). The reserve contains several iconic Florida habitats, such as sandhill, mesic hammock, and scrubby flatwoods. While plants and animals have been extensively studied at OSBS, the fungi remain poorly known. Fungal inventories are critical to increase knowledge of both fungal diversity and species ranges, and thus to provide foundational data for a wide array of applications in ecology and resource management. Here, we present the results of a nine-year effort to collect, preserve, and DNA barcode the macrofungi at OSBS. This effort generated &gt;1200 vouchered specimens and 984 ITS rDNA sequences, representing more than 546 species. Our sampling was dominated by Basidiomycota and revealed a high diversity of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly species of <em>Amanita, Cortinarius,</em> and <em>Russula</em>. Sampling curves and both Chao1 and Jacknife1 richness estimators suggest that our DNA barcoding efforts captured only about half of the macrofungi species and that a more complete inventory would detect 897–1177 macrofungi species at OSBS. Our sampling found more species of macrofungi at OSBS than the known number of vertebrate animal species at the reserve and our estimates also suggest that there are likely more macrofungi species than plant species at OSBS. This study is the first comprehensive macrofungi inventory within a NEON site and highlights the importance of long-term monitoring to provide novel data on fungal diversity, community structure, conservation, biogeography, and taxonomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 7","pages":"Article 101643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moh1 coordinates ROS-dependent apoptosis in genotoxic stress response of Candida albicans","authors":"Jia Wang,&nbsp;Wenxia Gao,&nbsp;Xinyi Tang,&nbsp;Jinrong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Candida albicans</em> employs apoptosis to maintain genomic stability under genotoxic stress, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we characterize the role of a putative pro-apoptotic factor Moh1 in <em>C. albicans</em>. Our findings reveal that <em>MOH1</em> transcription is significantly upregulated under genotoxic stress and in DNA repair-deficient backgrounds (e.g., <em>rad52Δ</em>). Paradoxically, <em>MOH1</em> deletion enhances resistance to genotoxic agents, improving cellular survival and reducing apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased nuclear condensation. Mechanistically, <em>moh1Δ</em> cells exhibit reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pharmacological ROS scavenging with N-acetylcysteine abolishes the stress-resistant phenotype. Genetic interaction analysis identifies potential functional overlap between <em>MOH1</em> and <em>NMA111</em>, a previously characterized pro-apoptotic factor. Transcriptomic profiling of <em>moh1Δ</em> cells under genotoxic stress shows dysregulation of DNA repair (<em>SPO11</em>, <em>RFC52</em>) and apoptosis (<em>Orf19.2175)</em> genes. While dispensable for hyphal morphogenesis and virulence in a <em>Galleria mellonella</em> model, Moh1 negatively regulates biofilm formation. Collectively, these findings establish Moh1 as a critical regulator of ROS-dependent apoptosis during genotoxic stress response in <em>C. albicans</em>, offering insights for targeting fungal apoptotic pathways in antifungal strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal spore calendar for the warm temperate climate zone. What else besides Cladosporium spores?","authors":"Magdalena Wójcik-Kanach,&nbsp;Idalia Kasprzyk","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The qualitative and quantitative composition of airborne fungal spores results from the interaction of fungal biology, environmental factors, particularly climate, weather conditions, vegetation, land cover and human activity. Continuous aeromycological monitoring is rarely conducted due to the challenges associated with identifying the abundance of spores present in the air. In southeastern Poland such studies have been conducted only occasionally. Therefore, the aim of this research was to update the spore calendar with data on previously unstudied spore taxa. Using the volumetric method, the occurrence of 27 spore taxa was analyzed over a five-year period (2019–2023). Throughout the entire season, first- and second-order temporal compositional clusters were distinguished and characterized based on their distinctive spores. At the beginning of the season, Diatrypaceae and Pezizaceae spores were the most prominent. Airborne <em>Periconia</em>, <em>Arthrinium</em>, and Boletus type spores appeared in higher concentrations toward the end of the growing season. Although <em>Cladosporium</em> spores were definitely dominant in the air, Leptosphaeria type, <em>Ganoderma, Alternaria</em>, Pezizaceae, <em>Botrytis</em>, and <em>Epicoccum</em> spores should be considered a significant component of aeroplankton in the temperate climate zone. A comparison of current data with archived records suggests that fungi may exhibit diverse responses to significant increases in air temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and other anthocyanins affect enniatins production in Fusarium avenaceum","authors":"Linda Felici ,&nbsp;Vessela Atanasova ,&nbsp;Nadia Ponts ,&nbsp;Christine Ducos ,&nbsp;Sara Francesconi ,&nbsp;Francesco Sestili ,&nbsp;Florence Richard-Forget ,&nbsp;Giorgio Mariano Balestra","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), caused by various <em>Fusarium</em> species, is a major threat to global cereal production. <em>F. avenaceum</em> is an important FHB pathogen producing enniatin mycotoxins. While several studies have explored the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic potential of different phenolic compounds, the effects of anthocyanins (pigments abundant in plants including certain cereals) remain poorly understood. This study explored the effects of anthocyanins on <em>F. avenaceum</em> conidial germination, fungal biomass and enniatins production. <em>In vitro</em> assays revealed that while anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin) inhibited conidial germination, cyanidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and delphinidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside increased fungal biomass. Notably, cyanidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and delphinidin consistently reduced enniatins production (A1, B and B1), whereas delphinidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside primarily reduced enniatin A1. These contrasting effects can likely be ascribed to presence or absence of the glycosylated moiety, distinct degradation pathways, and the influence of anthocyanins on fungal gene expression, including the regulation of key genes involved in enniatin biosynthesis and oxidative homeostasis. Furthermore, the study examined the concurrent effects of cyanidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and ferulic acid, another plant phenolic compound. When combined, ferulic acid stabilized cyanidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside, preserving its anti-mycotoxin activity, while antifungal potential of ferulic acid was abrogated, highlighting the complex interactions between these compounds. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of anthocyanins as natural anti-mycotoxin agents and suggest an optimization of their use for mycotoxin control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of climatic variability on the occurrence of Aspergillus species in commercial maize from different agro-climatic regions in South Africa","authors":"Queenta Ngum Nji ,&nbsp;Olubukola Oluranti Babalola ,&nbsp;Mulunda Mwanza","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most African research reports on the frequent aflatoxin contamination of various foodstuffs, with few reports giving details of the <em>Aspergillus</em> species present in these commodities. Numerous research works provide evidence of the ability of fungi to grow, thrive, and interact with other crop species and focus on the fact that these processes are largely affected by climatic variables. As opposed to the attention directed to the above-mentioned themes, information on the biodiversity of <em>Aspergillus</em> species in maize in most African countries, including South Africa, is lacking. This study on <em>Aspergillus</em> species in maize serves to close that gap in that it attempts to establish a comprehensive and most recent picture of the biodiversity of <em>Aspergillus</em> species in South African (SA) commercial maize across the respective climatic regions. Thus, it sets out to predict changes in the distribution of these fungal species, their contamination effects on maize variety as well as to identify and differentiate the aflatoxigenic <em>Aspergillus</em> strains from the non-aflatoxigenic ones under changing climate scenarios across the respective agro-climatic regions of South Africa. By applying molecular methods, a total of 1028 maize samples from six distinct agro-climatic regions, namely, Western Free State (WFS), Eastern Free State (EFS), Northern Free State (NFS), Southern Free State (SFS), North-West (NW), and Gauteng Province (GP) were examined for contamination by the <em>Aspergillus</em> species. About 29.67 % of the maize samples were contaminated by at least one of the eight <em>Aspergillus</em> species that were isolated in this study. Less than 30 % (28.95 %) of the 228 isolates subjected to the aflatoxigenic test was found to possess at least one of the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes. In all, the occurrence of the <em>Aspergillus</em> species (especially <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>) in SA commercial maize are significantly influenced (P &lt; 0.0001) by maize variety, year of cultivation as well as the agro-climatic region in which the maize is cultivated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcription factor MrbHLH2 significantly affects stress resistance and insect virulence in Metarhizium robertsii","authors":"Yifan Kong ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Shaoxiong Zhu,&nbsp;Limei Yang,&nbsp;Bo Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are essential regulators of various biological processes, including growth, development, and stress responses in eukaryotes. Despite their importance, the specific roles of bHLH factors in entomopathogenic fungi remain inadequately understood. In this study, we identified and characterized the bHLH transcription factor MrbHLH2 in the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Metarhizium robertsii</em>, which is widely used in biological control. Subcellular localization studies confirmed that MrbHLH2 is predominantly located in the nuclei of conidia. The deletion of <em>MrbHLH2</em> (Δ<em>MrbHLH2</em>) resulted in enhanced tolerance to osmotic and heat stress, while simultaneously decreasing tolerance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Notably, Δ<em>MrbHLH2</em> exhibited significantly reduced virulence, as indicated by a 0.83-day increase in LT₅₀ compared to the wild-type strain, along with delayed appressorium formation, impaired cuticle penetration and downregulation of several virulence-related genes. This study contributes to the understanding of bHLH transcription factors in entomopathogenic fungi and underscores the potential of targeting these factors to enhance the biocontrol efficacy of fungal pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnCl2 inhibits postharvest disease on pear and crabapple by inducing autophagy of Penicillium expansum","authors":"Jinyue Sun ,&nbsp;Jia-Neng Pan ,&nbsp;Tianzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zheng ,&nbsp;Wen-Wen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penicillium expansum</em> is a phytopathogen causing postharvest disease of many fruits, which has led to enormous losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to take efficient methods to control this notorious phytopathogen. In this study, zinc, an essential trace element for human body, has been found to be able to effectively inhibit the <em>P. expansum</em> mycelial growth on PDA and burst of ROS in the fungal hyphae. Additionally, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis indicated that zinc induces autophagy and autophagic vacuoles in <em>P. expansum</em>. Furthermore, the zinc inhibits the activity of six key enzymes (PDH, SDH, CS, IDH, MDH, KGDH) in TCA pathway to inhibit the growth of <em>P. expansum</em>. The decrease of ATPase activity indicated that the function of mitochondria in <em>P. expansum</em> was destroyed after the treatment of zinc. Finally, the sodium alginate (SA)@ZnCl₂ coatings were verified to be effective in inhibiting the postharvest disease of pear and crabapple. Collectively, all the above results showed that zinc had great efficacy in suppressing <em>P. expansum</em> on fruit surfaces by inducing autophagy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}