Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Diversification and spatio-temporal evolution of Cladoniaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota), a widespread family of lichen-forming fungi","authors":"Raquel Pino-Bodas ,&nbsp;Teuvo Ahti ,&nbsp;Soili Stenroos ,&nbsp;Isabel Sanmartín","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lichen-forming fungi family <em>Cladoniaceae</em> has a great ecological relevance and forms the most important group of terricolous lichens. They make up a significant element of the vegetation of numerous biomes, such as boreal forests, the tundras, and the páramos of South America. Within <em>Cladoniaceae</em>, <em>Cladonia</em> is the most diverse genus, distributed in all continents. Here, we explore the role played by dispersal and ecological opportunity in the diversification and geographic expansion of <em>Cladonia</em> and allies within <em>Cladoniaceae</em>. We estimated lineage divergence times based on a robust multilocus phylogeny (five loci and 47 % species diversity), using Bayesian relaxed clocks calibrated with secondary age estimates derived from a more inclusive fossil-calibrated analysis. Biogeographic events and ancestral ranges were estimated using the Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) model implemented in a Bayesian framework in RevBayes. Our divergence time estimates suggest that the family <em>Cladoniaceae</em> originated in the Upper Cretaceous. <em>Cladonia</em> started diversifying around the Early Eocene, coincident with a global rise in world temperatures, though most major <em>Cladonia</em> lineages diverged during the Miocene. A biogeographical analysis of <em>Cladonia</em> lends support to the hypothesis of land dispersal between the Palearctic and Nearctic regions through the Bering land bridges in the Middle Miocene and Pliocene. Stepping-stone dispersal across the Wallace's line facilitated migration from Palearctic to Oceania during the Middle Miocene. Colonizations from South America to Africa and from Africa to Australasia in the Miocene likely took place via long-distance dispersal events. High relative extinction rates were estimated through <em>Cladonia</em> early diversification, between 50 and 30 Myr, with an increase in the diversification rate around 19 Myr, congruent with the Middle Miocene climatic optimum. The current distribution of <em>Cladonia</em> is likely the result of both long-distance, overwater dispersal events and land colonization through land bridges. Our results suggest that geological and paleoclimatic events played a major role in <em>Cladonia</em> diversification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101710"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of complex inhibitors in straw hydrolysates on xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae and inhibitor-tolerant strain construction","authors":"Xue-Xue Ji ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Rong-Rong Chen ,&nbsp;Zi-Yuan Xia ,&nbsp;Cai-Yun Xie ,&nbsp;Yue-Qin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the ability of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> strains to ferment mixed sugars under complex inhibitors is crucial for boosting the economic feasibility of cellulosic ethanol production. Using comparative transcriptomics, this study explored the impact of combined inhibitors (acetic acid, formic acid, furfural, and vanillin) on the xylose-fermenting <em>S</em>. <em>cerevisiae</em> strain s6 during mixed-sugar fermentation. The results revealed significant disruptions in carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and signal transduction pathways, suggesting that cells may redirect energy from biosynthetic processes to combat inhibitor stress. Based on these findings, eight genes, including five transcription factors and three functional genes, were selected for combinatorial overexpression. Fermentation assessments in both inhibitors-added artificial media and real straw hydrolysates confirmed improved inhibitor tolerance, particularly in strains with optimized gene combinations. Strains s6H3F7T6 (overexpressing <em>HAA1</em>, <em>FDH1</em>, and <em>TYE7</em>) and s6H3F7 (overexpressing <em>HAA1</em> and <em>FDH1</em>) exhibited significantly enhanced xylose consumption rates, increasing by 137.48 % and 133.43 %, respectively, along with improved ethanol production of 19.54 % and 10.37 % in artificial media containing a mixture of four inhibitors. Notably, s6H3F7 and s6H3F7T6 also demonstrated substantial improvements in two types of straw hydrolysates containing a multitude of inhibitors. This study validates the effectiveness of simultaneous multi-gene regulation, providing robust resistant strains with substantial promise for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CcSO gene plays a critical role in the development of asexual fruiting bodies in Cordyceps cicadae","authors":"Lanya Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Tian ,&nbsp;Liping Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Han ,&nbsp;Jiehong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cordyceps cicadae</em> is a rare and valuable traditional edible-medicinal fungus. Its asexual fruiting bodies exhibit significant pharmacological properties. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the development of its asexual fruiting bodies remain poorly understood. To explore this phenomenon, we cloned <em>CcSO</em>, a homolog of the <em>SO</em> gene from <em>Neurospora crassa</em>, and generated both overexpression and knockout strains to investigate its role in fruiting body development. Our results showed that deletion of <em>CcSO</em> completely inhibited fruiting body formation, significantly reduced H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ content, compared to the wild-type strain. In contrast, overexpression of <em>CcSO</em> accelerated sporulation and promoted asexual fruiting body formation, accompanied by elevated O₂⁻ levels and reduced H₂O₂ content. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that during hyphal growth, <em>CcSO</em>, <em>Slt2</em>, and <em>Rlm1</em> were co-regulated, suggesting their involvement in vegetative development. However, during fruiting body development, the expression of <em>Slt2</em> and <em>Rlm1</em> did not show a clear correlation with morphogenesis. Moreover, <em>CcSO</em> knockout strains exhibited increased virulence in infection assays using the greater wax moth (<em>Galleria mellonella</em>) but failed to form fruiting bodies. Taken together, these findings indicate that <em>CcSO</em> plays a crucial role in regulating asexual fruiting body development in <em>C. cicadae</em>, potentially through modulating ROS homeostasis and maintaining cell wall integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanization in the cyanolichen Lobaria retigera: from thallus microstructure and physicochemical properties of melanin to abiotic stress tolerance","authors":"A.G. Daminova ,&nbsp;E.I. Galeeva ,&nbsp;A.E. Rassabina ,&nbsp;R.T. Galeev ,&nbsp;R.P. Beckett ,&nbsp;F.V. Minibayeva","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lichens are classified as extremophilic organisms due to their high resistance to abiotic stresses, including UV radiation and heavy metals. Among the protective mechanisms of lichens to adverse environments, secondary metabolites, including melanins, play a special role. The foliose cyanolichen <em>Lobaria retigera</em> responds to high solar radiation by synthesizing dark brown melanic pigments in the upper cortex. However, the morphological and physiological traits of melanized thalli of <em>L. retigera</em> are unknown. In this study, we examined the microstructure of pale and naturally melanized thalli of the lichen <em>L. retigera</em>. We also studied the protective effects of melanin on the tolerance of <em>L. retigera</em> to high light and heavy metal stress. Here, for the first time we used immunolabeling to confirm that the melanic pigment in the hyphal lumens of the upper cortex of <em>L. retigera</em> is eumelanin. Melanized thalli displayed thickening of the cell walls, and we detected deposits of metabolites in the hyphal lumens, including spherical melanin-like granules. Atomic force microscopy was applied to study the nanomechanical characteristics of cross sections of the upper cortex. Results showed that in melanized thalli the adhesion values were reduced to almost half compared to those of the pale thalli. Furthermore, measurements of PSII activity and ion leakage showed that melanized thalli of <em>L. retigera</em> displayed significantly greater tolerance to photoinhibition and toxicity of the heavy metal Cu. It seems likely that the physicochemical properties of melanin from <em>L. retigera</em> are responsible for its protective effects. Consistent with this, extracted melanin absorbed strongly in the UV region and displayed high paramagnetic properties. Taken together, results from this study indicate that anatomical changes in the upper cortex caused by melanization and also the physicochemical properties of the melanin facilitate the higher tolerance of <em>L. retigera</em> to excess light and heavy metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro impact of temperature and relative humidity on growth, sterigmatocystin production, and minimum inhibitory concentrations of Aspergillus creber","authors":"N. Gounel ,&nbsp;A. Géry ,&nbsp;B. Basset ,&nbsp;V. Séguin ,&nbsp;E. Chosson ,&nbsp;J. Bonhomme ,&nbsp;D. Garon","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health &amp; Safety (ANSES), 37 % of French dwellings are contaminated by molds, particularly <em>Aspergillus</em> species. Among these, <em>Aspergillus creber</em> is the most frequently detected in the bioaerosols of mold-damaged dwellings and may be contribute to various health disorders. In the context of climate change, with indoor temperatures potentially exceeding 28 °C in summer, and amid the ongoing energy crisis, the French government recommends maintaining indoor temperature at 19 °C. This raises concerns about the effects of climatic conditions <em>i.e</em>. temperature (T°) and relative humidity (RH), on fungal growth, sterigmatocystin (STE) production, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these molds. We therefore cultured three reference strains of <em>Aspergillus creber</em> under four common dwelling conditions (A: 19 °C, 50 % RH; B 19 °C, 75 % RH; C: 28 °C, 50 % RH; D: 28 °C, 75 % RH) on five different culture media (MEA, MEA+10 % NaCl, CYA, CY20S, and M40Y). Temperature significantly influenced growth (mean diameters: 19 °C: 22.8 mm; 28 °C: 34.4 mm; mean biomasses: 19 °C: 108.3 mg; 28 °C: 329.1 mg), STE production (mean concentrations: 19 °C: 3.5 μg/g/28 °C: 34.5 μg/g), and the MICs of antifungal agents, with a notable association between increased temperature and elevated MICs. The highest STE production (up to 99 μg/g) occurred at 28 °C on M40Y agar. Positive correlations were observed between diameters and biomass (<em>r</em> = 0.791; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), diameters and STE production (<em>r</em> = 0.431; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), and biomass and STE production (<em>r</em> = 0.305; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), suggesting a strong link between primary growth and secondary metabolism. These findings highlight the potential health risks posed by rising indoor temperatures, as projected under global climate change, which may lead to increased STE production in <em>Aspergillus creber</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Haplotype studies and population structure analysis of the South Indian population of Phytophthora species infecting black pepper” [Fungal Biol. 130 (2026) 101693]","authors":"Fathimath Zumaila ,&nbsp;Arjunan Jeevalatha ,&nbsp;Chakkiyanickal Narayanan Biju","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of frosty pod rot severity in Theobroma cacao CCN51 by indigenous Trichoderma-based bioformulations under controlled conditions","authors":"Anthony Apolinario Cortez-Lázaro ,&nbsp;Ramiro Esteban Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Ingrid Milagros Iliquin-Inga ,&nbsp;Jorge Ronny Diaz-Valderrama ,&nbsp;Santos Triunfo Leiva-Espinoza ,&nbsp;Edwin Hualpa-Cutipa ,&nbsp;Segundo Manuel Oliva-Cruz ,&nbsp;Liz Marjory Cumpa-Velasquez","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cacao is of significant socio-cultural and economic importance for Peru. However, it is highly susceptible to phytopathogens, such as <em>Moniliophthora roreri</em>, the causal agent of frosty pod rot. This disease is well known for its significant impact on the quality and yield of cacao beans. In response to the necessity of environmentally friendly alternatives for cacao management, the use of bioformulations based on native microorganisms naturally adapted to Peruvian cacao agroecosystems is proposed. In this study, native <em>Trichoderma afroharzianum</em> CP24-6, <em>Trichoderma</em> BIF7-C3, <em>Trichoderma</em> UCF18-M1, and <em>Trichoderma</em> UCPF4-C3, isolated from cacao rhizosphere in the Amazonas region, were selected to evaluate their potential to protect cacao crop from <em>M. roreri</em> infection. These strains were tested under <em>in vitro</em> conditions, achieving up to 100 % inhibition of the phytopathogen growth. The strains were then used as active ingredients in bioformulations prepared with two substrates, rice and rice husk. The results suggested an influence on spore production, CFU/g, purity and germination quality parameters. Moreover, under field controlled conditions, the bioformulations exhibited variable effects on disease severity. Notably, the application of strains CP24-6 and BIF7-C3, using rice as the fermentative substrate, significantly reduced both external and internal severity by over 40 %, respectively. These findings highlight the critical roles of both substrate and strain selection in bioformulation efficacy and suggest the potential of these natives strain-based bioformulation for managing cacao moniliasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into rhizosphere microbiome assembly in Pinus tabuliformis: The role of cross–kingdom interactions and soil salinity gradients","authors":"Yilin Luo ,&nbsp;Haiyun Ding ,&nbsp;Xiyan Mao ,&nbsp;Zhixin Kang ,&nbsp;Boda Li ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization caused by desertification and drought severely limits agricultural and forestry development. The rhizosphere core microbiome plays a vital role in helping host plants cope with environmental stress. However, in saline-alkali soils, it remains unclear how bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> interact and collectively respond to environmental factors to influence the plant. This study aims to identify the composition and functional potential of the core bacterial and fungal microbiota in the rhizosphere of <em>P. tabuliformis</em> in saline environments, as well as their interactions with environmental factors, thus providing a theoretical basis for utilizing core rhizosphere microbial resources. We performed high-throughput sequencing of root samples from <em>P. tabuliformis</em> at four locations. We analyzed the community structure and functional profiles of bacteria and fungi and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties. The environmental factors most influencing the number of core bacterial species were organic matter (OM), Na⁺, and total potassium (TK). Meanwhile, total phosphorus (TP) was the most influential soil factor for core fungal species. Correlation analysis showed that TN, TP, and pH significantly affected both bacterial and fungal community variation (P &lt; 0.05). Co-occurrence network analysis indicated complex cross–kingdom interactions between core bacterial and fungal taxa. Functional predictions suggested that bacterial communities exhibit both potential pathogenicity and stress resistance, while fungal communities are more saprotrophic and sensitive to environmental changes. Microbial communities at the SYH site displayed a \"high pathogenicity–low resistance\" profile, contrasting with those at the MC site. Correlation network analysis further uncovered complex mutualistic and competitive relationships among core bacterial and fungal genera. This study demonstrates that <em>P. tabuliformis</em> rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities respond collaboratively to salinity stress through functional complementarity, such as bacterial enrichment in stress resistance and fungal dominance in saprotrophy. These findings may offer new insights into enhancing the adaptability of <em>P. tabuliformis a</em>nd improving sandy land ecosystems by targeted management of the soil microbiome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The secreted in xylem protein Foc4-SIX13 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 targets the banana Nudix hydrolase and contributes to its virulence","authors":"Wenjing Chen ,&nbsp;Jiamin Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiahui Wu ,&nbsp;Rujing Zeng ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Yinghua Huang ,&nbsp;Tom Hsiang ,&nbsp;Handa Song ,&nbsp;Mei Luo ,&nbsp;Zhangyong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium wilt, commonly referred to as Panama disease, stands as the most catastrophic disease in banana cultivation. Caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. cubense (Foc), it has imposed substantial economic burdens on banana farmers worldwide. Foc4-SIX13 was identified as a potential effector in Foc4, and is characterized by secretion into xylem. It is a protein comprised of 312 amino acids, and features a functional signal peptide without recognizable motifs or domains. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression of Foc4-SIX13 was markedly upregulated during the initial stage of fungal infection in banana plants. Through homologous recombination, the successful knockout of Foc4-SIX13 was accomplished. The resulting deletion mutant exhibited impaired mycelial growth and increased sensitivity to osmotic stress, coupled with a significant decrease in pathogenicity towards bananas. Foc4-SIX13Δsp could not induce cellular necrosis in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>. Subcellular localization experiments demonstrated that Foc4-SIX13Δsp was localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei of <em>N. benthamiana</em> cells. The interaction between Foc4-SIX13 and banana Nudix hydrolase 23 (Ma-NUD23) was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. Taken together, these findings highlight the pivotal role of Foc4-SIX13 in the pathogenicity of Foc4 and its importance in the Fusarium infection process. Consequently, Foc4-SIX13 is proposed as a promising target for future management strategies against Fusarium wilt, and it can provide a novel avenue for the breeding of banana varieties with enhanced disease resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haplotype studies and population structure analysis of the South Indian population of Phytophthora species infecting black pepper","authors":"Fathimath Zumaila ,&nbsp;Arjunan Jeevalatha ,&nbsp;Chakkiyanickal Narayanan Biju","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black pepper production has been gravely struck by the wreaking havoc due to foot rot caused by <em>Phytophthora</em> species namely, <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> and <em>Phytophthora tropicalis</em>. In India, black pepper is widely cultivated in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The present study included the isolates collected from these major black pepper growing regions for haplotype analysis to decipher population diversity and to characterize the colony and sporangial morphology. Morphological characters analyzed were highly variable, and the majority showed umbellate ontogeny with caducous sporangia exhibiting different shapes. The haplotype analysis was carried out using both mitochondrial (Cox-1, Cox-2, Nad1 and Nad5) and nuclear genes (β-tubulin, EF-1α, Enolase, HSP90, TigA and Ura3). Sequence analysis was performed after manually trimming and aligning the sequences using ClustalX2. DnaSP v6.12.03 was used to calculate various parameters like polymorphisms, haplotypes, haplotype and nuclear diversity, recombination events and neutrality tests. The isolates displayed a greater number of haplotypes for EF1-α, and the haplotypes identified for Nad1 and Ura3 were comparatively fewer. PopART was used for the visual representation of the identified haplotypes. Further, the haplotypes identified from <em>P. capsici</em> infecting diverse hosts from Hawaii and some of the contiguous United States were also compared with the present study to impart more clarity. Restoration of genetic diversity after a severe bottleneck through balancing selection was revealed using the demographic analysis. The phylogenetic study indicated a possibility that the South Indian black pepper <em>Phytophthora</em> population was closely related to the aforementioned US population. The population structure analysis showed two genetic clusters among the South Indian population, and isolates with admixture ancestry were also identified, indicating migration events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}