Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into rhizosphere microbiome assembly in Pinus tabuliformis: The role of cross–kingdom interactions and soil salinity gradients","authors":"Yilin Luo ,&nbsp;Haiyun Ding ,&nbsp;Xiyan Mao ,&nbsp;Zhixin Kang ,&nbsp;Boda Li ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization caused by desertification and drought severely limits agricultural and forestry development. The rhizosphere core microbiome plays a vital role in helping host plants cope with environmental stress. However, in saline-alkali soils, it remains unclear how bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> interact and collectively respond to environmental factors to influence the plant. This study aims to identify the composition and functional potential of the core bacterial and fungal microbiota in the rhizosphere of <em>P. tabuliformis</em> in saline environments, as well as their interactions with environmental factors, thus providing a theoretical basis for utilizing core rhizosphere microbial resources. We performed high-throughput sequencing of root samples from <em>P. tabuliformis</em> at four locations. We analyzed the community structure and functional profiles of bacteria and fungi and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties. The environmental factors most influencing the number of core bacterial species were organic matter (OM), Na⁺, and total potassium (TK). Meanwhile, total phosphorus (TP) was the most influential soil factor for core fungal species. Correlation analysis showed that TN, TP, and pH significantly affected both bacterial and fungal community variation (P &lt; 0.05). Co-occurrence network analysis indicated complex cross–kingdom interactions between core bacterial and fungal taxa. Functional predictions suggested that bacterial communities exhibit both potential pathogenicity and stress resistance, while fungal communities are more saprotrophic and sensitive to environmental changes. Microbial communities at the SYH site displayed a \"high pathogenicity–low resistance\" profile, contrasting with those at the MC site. Correlation network analysis further uncovered complex mutualistic and competitive relationships among core bacterial and fungal genera. This study demonstrates that <em>P. tabuliformis</em> rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities respond collaboratively to salinity stress through functional complementarity, such as bacterial enrichment in stress resistance and fungal dominance in saprotrophy. These findings may offer new insights into enhancing the adaptability of <em>P. tabuliformis a</em>nd improving sandy land ecosystems by targeted management of the soil microbiome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The secreted in xylem protein Foc4-SIX13 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 targets the banana Nudix hydrolase and contributes to its virulence","authors":"Wenjing Chen ,&nbsp;Jiamin Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiahui Wu ,&nbsp;Rujing Zeng ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Yinghua Huang ,&nbsp;Tom Hsiang ,&nbsp;Handa Song ,&nbsp;Mei Luo ,&nbsp;Zhangyong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium wilt, commonly referred to as Panama disease, stands as the most catastrophic disease in banana cultivation. Caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. cubense (Foc), it has imposed substantial economic burdens on banana farmers worldwide. Foc4-SIX13 was identified as a potential effector in Foc4, and is characterized by secretion into xylem. It is a protein comprised of 312 amino acids, and features a functional signal peptide without recognizable motifs or domains. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression of Foc4-SIX13 was markedly upregulated during the initial stage of fungal infection in banana plants. Through homologous recombination, the successful knockout of Foc4-SIX13 was accomplished. The resulting deletion mutant exhibited impaired mycelial growth and increased sensitivity to osmotic stress, coupled with a significant decrease in pathogenicity towards bananas. Foc4-SIX13Δsp could not induce cellular necrosis in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>. Subcellular localization experiments demonstrated that Foc4-SIX13Δsp was localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei of <em>N. benthamiana</em> cells. The interaction between Foc4-SIX13 and banana Nudix hydrolase 23 (Ma-NUD23) was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. Taken together, these findings highlight the pivotal role of Foc4-SIX13 in the pathogenicity of Foc4 and its importance in the Fusarium infection process. Consequently, Foc4-SIX13 is proposed as a promising target for future management strategies against Fusarium wilt, and it can provide a novel avenue for the breeding of banana varieties with enhanced disease resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haplotype studies and population structure analysis of the South Indian population of Phytophthora species infecting black pepper","authors":"Fathimath Zumaila ,&nbsp;Arjunan Jeevalatha ,&nbsp;Chakkiyanickal Narayanan Biju","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black pepper production has been gravely struck by the wreaking havoc due to foot rot caused by <em>Phytophthora</em> species namely, <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> and <em>Phytophthora tropicalis</em>. In India, black pepper is widely cultivated in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The present study included the isolates collected from these major black pepper growing regions for haplotype analysis to decipher population diversity and to characterize the colony and sporangial morphology. Morphological characters analyzed were highly variable, and the majority showed umbellate ontogeny with caducous sporangia exhibiting different shapes. The haplotype analysis was carried out using both mitochondrial (Cox-1, Cox-2, Nad1 and Nad5) and nuclear genes (β-tubulin, EF-1α, Enolase, HSP90, TigA and Ura3). Sequence analysis was performed after manually trimming and aligning the sequences using ClustalX2. DnaSP v6.12.03 was used to calculate various parameters like polymorphisms, haplotypes, haplotype and nuclear diversity, recombination events and neutrality tests. The isolates displayed a greater number of haplotypes for EF1-α, and the haplotypes identified for Nad1 and Ura3 were comparatively fewer. PopART was used for the visual representation of the identified haplotypes. Further, the haplotypes identified from <em>P. capsici</em> infecting diverse hosts from Hawaii and some of the contiguous United States were also compared with the present study to impart more clarity. Restoration of genetic diversity after a severe bottleneck through balancing selection was revealed using the demographic analysis. The phylogenetic study indicated a possibility that the South Indian black pepper <em>Phytophthora</em> population was closely related to the aforementioned US population. The population structure analysis showed two genetic clusters among the South Indian population, and isolates with admixture ancestry were also identified, indicating migration events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi associated with coffee rust Hemileia vastatrix and the description of two new species","authors":"Angélica María Berlanga-Padilla,&nbsp;Gisela Jareth Lino-López,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Ayala-Zermeño,&nbsp;Facundo Muñiz-Paredes,&nbsp;Roberto Montesinos-Matías,&nbsp;Jorge Antonio Sánchez-González","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coffee leaf rust, caused by <em>Hemileia vastatrix</em>, continues to pose a severe threat to coffee production in Mexico and globally. In response, the search for sustainable, ecologically based control strategies has turned toward mycopathogenic fungi as natural antagonists of plant pathogens. This study reports the isolation and characterization of 27 mycopathogenic fungal strains resembling <em>Lecanicillium</em> and <em>Verticillium</em> spp. from <em>H. vastatrix</em> pustules in the Mexican states of Chiapas, Colima, Nayarit and Veracruz. Detailed morphological and molecular analyses revealed two novel species (<em>Akanthomyces hemiliae-vastatricis</em> sp. nov. and <em>Akanthomyces jabaliensis</em> sp. nov.) as well as a new national record of <em>Akanthomyces uredinophilus</em>. The detection of <em>Simplicillium lanosoniveum</em>, a key natural antagonist of coffee rust, further underscores the ecological complexity of fungal interactions within coffee agroecosystems. These findings enrich the understanding of mycopathogen diversity associated with <em>H. vastatrix</em> and support the integration of native fungal strains into biological control frameworks, offering a promising path toward more resilient coffee cultivation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scytalidium-like indoor fungus revealing polyphyletic relationships and convergent evolution in Scytalidium","authors":"De-Wei Li ,&nbsp;Ethan Paine ,&nbsp;Neil P. Schultes","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A <em>Scytalidium</em>-like fungus was isolated from a dust sample collected indoors in the USA. Partial DNA sequences for the genomic regions of the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA and flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α (<em>tef1</em>), the β-tubulin (<em>tub2</em>) and the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<em>rpb2</em>) genes were determined. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the indoor <em>Scytalidium</em>-like fungus is closely related to <em>Scytalidium flavobrunneum,</em> yet neither fungus is phylogenetically related to the generic type species, <em>Scytalidium lignicola</em>. Further analyses revealed that members of <em>Scytalidium</em> are polyphyletic belonging to eight orders: <em>Amphisphaeriales</em>, <em>Coryneliales</em>, <em>Helotiales</em>, <em>Hypocreales</em>, <em>Mycosphaerellales</em>, <em>Pleosporales</em>, <em>Sordariales</em>, <em>Xylariales</em>; seven subclasses: <em>Coryneliomycetidae</em>, <em>Dothideomycetidae</em>, <em>Hypocreomycetidae</em>, <em>Leotiomycetidae</em>, <em>Pleosporomycetidae</em>, <em>Sordariomycetidae</em>, <em>Xylariomycetidae</em> and four classes: <em>Eurotiomycetes</em>, <em>Dothideomycetes</em>, <em>Leotiomycetes</em>, and <em>Sordariomycetes</em>. <em>Scytalidium</em> s.s. belongs to <em>Helotiales</em>. The indoor fungus has dimorphic anamorphs and belongs to <em>Monochaetia</em>, <em>Amphisphaeriales</em> using sequences of five loci (ITS, LSU, <em>tub2</em>, <em>tef1</em> and <em>rpb2</em>). Species of <em>Scytalidium</em> belonging to other orders are combined in their respective genera based on phylogenetic analyses using ITS and LSU. In our opinion, the polyphyletic nature of <em>Scytalidium</em>-like fungi shared morphological characteristics is the result of convergent evolution. At the same time, three new species, <em>Scytalidium ruthenicum</em> D.W. Li &amp; N.P. Schultes, <em>Monochaetia domiciliana</em> D.W. Li &amp; N.P. Schultes and <em>Monochaetia arboricola</em> D.W. Li &amp; N.P. Schultes, were described and illustrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"130 1","pages":"Article 101691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the wavelength and irradiance level of short-wave blue light on mycelial growth and deoxynivalenol production in Gibberella zeae","authors":"Akihiro Shirai ,&nbsp;Kojiro Hosono ,&nbsp;Ami Tanaka ,&nbsp;Atsushi Tabata","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by <em>Fusarium graminearum</em> (teleomorph synonym: <em>Gibberella zeae</em>), which causes Fusarium head blight disease in barley and wheat. Although many studies have explored the photobiological responses (from blue to red in the visible wavelength range) of fungi that produce mycotoxins, few have focused on the growth and DON production of <em>F</em>. <em>graminearum</em> exposed to short-wave blue light at approximately 400 nm. In this study, conidia of <em>G. zeae</em> JCM 9873 were exposed to light at wavelengths of 385 or 405 nm for 1, 1.5, and 2 h, with the irradiance adjusted to 19 (low) or 53 (high) mW/cm². The effects of wavelength and irradiance on mycelial growth, colony morphology, DON yield, and the levels of four transcripts (<em>Tri4</em>, <em>Tri5</em>, <em>Tri6</em>, and <em>Tri101</em>) of genes involved in DON biosynthesis were investigated. In addition, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in DON biosynthesis. Conidia treated with 385 or 405 nm light at low and high irradiance for 2 h formed colonies after a 2-day cultivation (no colonies after 1 day), and the radial mycelial growth enlarged, eventually becoming comparable to unirradiated conidia. Colony observations confirmed the induction of an intense orange color after 405-nm irradiation with high irradiance only. The colonies derived from conidia exposed to 385-nm light at low irradiance for 2 h showed the lowest DON yield (0.104 ± 0.008 mg/g fungal biomass) among tested light conditions, corresponding to a yield of 43 % of the control samples. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of transcript levels indicated that all four DON-associated genes were downregulated. The suppressive effect of 385-nm light treatment on DON production may be useful for constructing light treatments that are economical with weak irradiance. By contrast, all four <em>Tri</em> genes were upregulated after treatment with 405-nm light at high irradiance for 2 h, resulting in a high DON yield 1.49-times that of the control. Microscopic observations using a fluorescent ROS probe suggested that accumulation of intracellular ROS after irradiation with 405-nm light stimulates DON biosynthesis. Therefore, DON production in response to light exposure varies depending on the wavelength and irradiance within the short-wave blue light range. A better understanding of the photobiological responses to light in this range, as well as to light in the visible wavelength range, could facilitate the development of photo-technologies to control contamination by mycotoxins, including DON.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olive oil additive enhances hyphal growth and triterpenes accumulation in submerged fermentation of Grifola frondosa","authors":"Qiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Chenmeng Wan ,&nbsp;Ke'er Xiao,&nbsp;Zijian Tong,&nbsp;Ziteng Zhao,&nbsp;Xinyu Meng,&nbsp;Mukaddas Sai,&nbsp;Yajie Bao,&nbsp;Lili Guan,&nbsp;Hongxia Ma,&nbsp;Linna Du","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Grifola frondosa</em>, a famous mushroom worldwide, is highly valued for its multiple health benefits. However, the limited mycelial biomass and low triterpenes (GFTs) yield remain critical constraints for large-scale utilization of this fungus. In the present study, the effect of different vegetable oils on the liquid fermentation efficiency of <em>G. frondosa</em> was investigated, firstly. Furthermore, following optimization of the olive oil addition process and analysis of fermentation kinetics, the positive effect of olive oil on the hyphal growth and GFTs accumulation was identified. Further observations revealed that olive oil treatment led to increased flocculent hyphae, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and reactive oxygen species levels. Additionally, improvements in membrane integrity, lipid droplet accumulation, energy metabolism, and antioxidant capacity were found in the olive-oil-treated hyphae. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of various genes involved in the peroxisome pathway was upregulated in the olive-oil-treated hyphae, suggesting that peroxisomes may participate in <em>G. frondosa</em>'s response to olive oil. Overall, supplementing olive oil enhanced the growth and triterpenes production of <em>G. frondosa</em>. This study provides a strategy for improving the efficiency of industrial liquid fermentation for this mushroom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive osmoregulation in successive flushes of Agaricus bisporus by free amino acids and mannitol","authors":"Guus van Iersel,&nbsp;Brigit van Brenk,&nbsp;Robert-Jan Bleichrodt","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Agaricus bisporus</em>, a widely cultivated edible button mushroom, is grown on composted substrates in successive flushes. While the first flush yields the largest and highest-quality mushrooms, later flushes exhibit reduced productivity and quality. These differences are due to physico-chemical changes of the substrate such as nutrient and water availability. Mushroom growth relies on maintaining an osmotic gradient between the substrate and fruiting body to allow resource translocation to the mushrooms. Classically mannitol is known as the most important osmolyte in <em>A. bisporus</em> mushrooms. In this study, we investigated osmotic regulation during mushroom development over two flushes. We found that under standard cultivation conditions, the profile of organic osmolytes varies significantly between flushes in response to a changing substrate composition. During the first flush, when carbon is still abundant, mannitol is the dominant organic osmolyte supporting fruiting body expansion. In contrast, the second flush occurs under carbon-limited conditions, prompting a shift in osmotic strategy: fruiting bodies accumulate more nitrogen, with free amino acids contributing substantially to osmotic potential, reaching up to 11 % of the dry weight. These findings reveal a dynamic osmotic adaptation mechanism in <em>A. bisporus</em>, where different osmolytes are utilized depending on substrate nutrient availability. This metabolic flexibility likely helps sustaining growth under suboptimal conditions and results in mushrooms with improved nutritional quality in later flushes. Understanding the interplay between substrate composition, osmolyte profiles, and fruiting body physiology offers new avenues for optimizing mushroom yield and quality in commercial systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycerol as a potential solution for rotifer protection against predatory fungi in wastewater treatment","authors":"Agnieszka Pajdak-Stós ,&nbsp;Yuliia Korzh ,&nbsp;Edyta Fiałkowska","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotifers are key organisms in activated sludge, as they are able to increase flocculation, improve effluent quality and control activated sludge bulking caused by the overgrowth of filamentous bacteria. Unfortunately, their populations are endangered by predatory fungi, which are surprisingly common in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Looking for a remedy, we found that glycerol could impair the condition of rotiferovorous fungi while posing no threats to rotifers. We conducted experiments on the effects of glycerol at concentrations ranging from 0.005 % to 0.1 % on the growth rate of predatory fungi and rotifer survival in the presence of fungi to determine whether glycerol could be applied as protection for rotifers in the case of fungal infection in WWTPs. Our results showed that glycerol negatively affected both <em>Zoophagus</em> and <em>Lecoophagus</em> fungi. In both cases, the number of rotifers surviving in the presence of predatory fungi was much greater after glycerol addition. In the case of the mature mycelium of <em>Zoophagus</em>, the number of active rotifers was more than ten times greater at 0.005 % glycerol and 25 times greater at 0.1 % glycerol. In the case of <em>Lecophagus</em>, the number of active rotifers was almost two times greater at 0.005 % glycerol but almost six times greater at 0.1 % glycerol. Our experiments shed new light on the possibility of using rotifers for bulking control even when activated sludge is infected by predatory fungi. Moreover, it is another, beside improvement of nutrients removal, potential advantage of glycerol application in WWTPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and biocontrol of oomycetes recovered from a phytoremediation plant for the treatment of farmhouse wastewaters","authors":"Rossana Parlascino ,&nbsp;Cristian Bua ,&nbsp;Sebastiano Conti Taguali ,&nbsp;Antonella Pane ,&nbsp;Francesco Aloi ,&nbsp;Nunzio Tuccitto ,&nbsp;Santa Olga Cacciola","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reuse of wastewater for crop irrigation after treatment in constructed wetlands (CWs) represents an eco-friendly strategy to enhance agricultural sustainability. This study aimed to detect oomycete plant pathogens in wastewater from an agritouristic farm treated in CWs and reused for irrigation, and to evaluate antagonistic filamentous fungi as potential biocontrol agents (BCAs) of waterborne oomycetes. Three predominantly aquatic species, <em>Phytophthora gonapodyides</em>, <em>P. inundata</em>, and <em>Phytopythium litorale</em>, were isolated from CW water, whereas only terrestrial species, including <em>P. citrophthora</em>, <em>P. nicotianae</em> (the most frequent), and <em>Phytopythium</em> <em>vexans</em>, were recovered from soils of citrus orchards irrigated with reclaimed water. This difference suggests CW water is not a primary inoculum source for terrestrial pathogens under tested conditions. Among candidate BCAs, <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em>, <em>T. atroviride</em>, <em>T. harzianum</em>, and <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em> significantly inhibited <em>in vitro</em> mycelial growth of the isolated oomycetes, with <em>T. harzianum</em> showing the strongest inhibition (69.17% against <em>P. nicotianae</em>). However, these BCAs were ineffective in controlling <em>P. nicotianae</em>infections on tomato seedlings when applied individually. Conversely, treatments either with the mixture of the three <em>Trichoderma</em> species or with the chitosan- and nosodes-based bioproducts Ascoma® and Verde® significantly reduced disease severity, indicating a synergistic effect among <em>Trichoderma</em> species in the soil rhizosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}