Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102239
Xinyu Long , Wenliang Xu , Feng Wang , Chenyang Sun , Jie Tang
Stable potassium (K) isotopes are emerging as a novel geochemical tracer for investigating magmatic differentiation and source characteristics. This study presents the K isotopic analyses of Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic granitoids from the Xing’an Massif, a key microcontinent within the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), providing new insights into the granitoid petrogenesis and early crustal evolution of this accretionary orogen. The 2568 Ma peraluminous A-type monzogranite exhibits significantly heavier δ41K values (−0.22‰ to −0.05‰) compared to the range of the upper continental crust. Subduction zones can effectively transfer heavy K isotopic signature to the mantle wedge through slab-derived fluids/melts. The monzogranite could be formed through co-melting and mixing of previously metasomatized mantle materials and recycled supracrustal metapelites, followed by high degree of fractional crystallization in a post-collisional extensional setting. Although both the 1881 Ma monzogranite and 1843 Ma syenogranite share geochemical affinities with adakites, their markedly different K isotopic compositions and distinct geochemical fingerprints point to substantial heterogeneity within their source regions. The 1881 Ma monzogranite shows more pronounced heavy K isotopic enrichment (δ41K = −0.39‰ to −0.18‰) and elevated zircon δ18O values (7.28‰–8.93‰). These features demonstrate the incorporation of mantle components metasomatized by melts of altered oceanic crust (with elevated δ41K values) into the lower crustal source. In contrast, the 1843 Ma syenogranite displays ultrapotassic affinity with lighter K isotopic compositions (δ41K = −0.45‰ to −0.38‰) and strongly negative zircon εHf(t) values (−11.5 to −10.2), indicating a thickened lower crustal source with contributions from ancient supracrustal sediments. Collectively, K isotopic compositions of the ca. 1.8 Ga adakitic granitoids overcome the limitations of traditional geochemical and isotopic proxies in revealing the complex granite petrogenesis, and they potentially provide evidence for a cycle of plate tectonics, from oceanic crust alteration at mid-ocean ridges through slab subduction to continental collision. The onset of plate tectonics promoted remelting of Archean igneous and sedimentary crust, generating abundant peraluminous and potassic granitoids during the late Archean to Paleoproterozoic and driving crustal compositional maturation in this accretionary orogen.
{"title":"Potassium isotopic evidence for the petrogenesis of Precambrian granitoids and implications for early crustal evolution of the accretionary orogen","authors":"Xinyu Long , Wenliang Xu , Feng Wang , Chenyang Sun , Jie Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable potassium (K) isotopes are emerging as a novel geochemical tracer for investigating magmatic differentiation and source characteristics. This study presents the K isotopic analyses of Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic granitoids from the Xing’an Massif, a key microcontinent within the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), providing new insights into the granitoid petrogenesis and early crustal evolution of this accretionary orogen. The 2568 Ma peraluminous A-type monzogranite exhibits significantly heavier <em>δ</em><sup>41</sup>K values (−0.22‰ to −0.05‰) compared to the range of the upper continental crust. Subduction zones can effectively transfer heavy K isotopic signature to the mantle wedge through slab-derived fluids/melts. The monzogranite could be formed through co-melting and mixing of previously metasomatized mantle materials and recycled supracrustal metapelites, followed by high degree of fractional crystallization in a post-collisional extensional setting. Although both the 1881 Ma monzogranite and 1843 Ma syenogranite share geochemical affinities with adakites, their markedly different K isotopic compositions and distinct geochemical fingerprints point to substantial heterogeneity within their source regions. The 1881 Ma monzogranite shows more pronounced heavy K isotopic enrichment (<em>δ</em><sup>41</sup>K = −0.39‰ to −0.18‰) and elevated zircon <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O values (7.28‰–8.93‰). These features demonstrate the incorporation of mantle components metasomatized by melts of altered oceanic crust (with elevated <em>δ</em><sup>41</sup>K values) into the lower crustal source. In contrast, the 1843 Ma syenogranite displays ultrapotassic affinity with lighter K isotopic compositions (<em>δ</em><sup>41</sup>K = −0.45‰ to −0.38‰) and strongly negative zircon <em>ε</em><sub>Hf</sub>(<em>t</em>) values (−11.5 to −10.2), indicating a thickened lower crustal source with contributions from ancient supracrustal sediments. Collectively, K isotopic compositions of the ca. 1.8 Ga adakitic granitoids overcome the limitations of traditional geochemical and isotopic proxies in revealing the complex granite petrogenesis, and they potentially provide evidence for a cycle of plate tectonics, from oceanic crust alteration at mid-ocean ridges through slab subduction to continental collision. The onset of plate tectonics promoted remelting of Archean igneous and sedimentary crust, generating abundant peraluminous and potassic granitoids during the late Archean to Paleoproterozoic and driving crustal compositional maturation in this accretionary orogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102239"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102238
Xu Han , Yu Huang , Xiaoyan Jin , Liuyuan Zhao , Chung Yee Kwok
Slope engineering is an uncertain, dynamic, and complex nonlinear spatiotemporal system with time delays. High-fidelity prediction of slope seismic stability has long been a formidable challenge due to the inherent randomness and uncertainty associated with ground motion, geo-material properties, complex topography, etc. Traditional numerical modelling always takes a simplified model by forcedly ignoring those uncertainties, thus failing to replicate precisely the intricate nonlinear interactions between factors that affect slope instability. Notably, the newly emerging deep learning methods have the capability of handling multiple factors with uncertainties. However, these methods heavily rely on extensive and comprehensive sensor data, while arranging sensors at certain important positions is sometimes unachievable. Therefore, we propose a multi-task deep transfer learning (MT-DTL) framework in this study to enhance the prediction accuracy of slope seismic response especially in data-limited conditions. The dynamic response at the locations without sufficient accessible sensor data can be effectively predicted with a newly developed algorithm. To collect the necessary sensor data, we conduct a series of physics experiments with the world’s largest multifunctional shaking table equipment. We demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of our approach on the shaking-table datasets through comparisons with traditional machine learning (ML) methods. Our findings reveal that the MT-DTL framework can improve the confidence level of prediction results (within 5%) from the highest 86.4% by the optimal traditional ML methods to 92.7%, achieving comparable results with two-thirds fewer data. Additionally, a single response example showed that the trained deep transfer learning model has significantly improved the computational efficiency (0.018 – 0.019 s) compared to the dynamic finite element calculation with GeoStudio (10 min). This highlights its potential for integration into geo-hazards digital twin systems, facilitating rapid risk analysis based on real-time monitoring data.
{"title":"Multi-task deep transfer learning for complicated seismic dynamic response prediction in slope systems","authors":"Xu Han , Yu Huang , Xiaoyan Jin , Liuyuan Zhao , Chung Yee Kwok","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slope engineering is an uncertain, dynamic, and complex nonlinear spatiotemporal system with time delays. High-fidelity prediction of slope seismic stability has long been a formidable challenge due to the inherent randomness and uncertainty associated with ground motion, geo-material properties, complex topography, etc. Traditional numerical modelling always takes a simplified model by forcedly ignoring those uncertainties, thus failing to replicate precisely the intricate<!--> <!-->nonlinear interactions between factors that affect slope instability. Notably, the newly emerging deep learning methods have the capability of handling multiple factors with uncertainties. However, these methods heavily rely on extensive and comprehensive sensor data, while arranging sensors at certain important positions is sometimes unachievable. Therefore, we propose a multi-task deep transfer learning (MT-DTL) framework in this study to enhance the prediction accuracy of slope seismic response especially in data-limited conditions. The dynamic response at the locations without sufficient accessible sensor data can be effectively predicted with a newly developed algorithm. To collect the necessary sensor data, we conduct a series of physics experiments with the world’s largest multifunctional shaking table equipment. We demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of our approach on the shaking-table datasets through comparisons with traditional machine learning (ML) methods. Our findings reveal that the MT-DTL framework can improve the confidence level of prediction results (within 5%) from the highest 86.4% by the optimal traditional ML methods to 92.7%, achieving comparable results with two-thirds fewer data. Additionally, a single response example showed that the trained deep transfer learning model has significantly improved the computational efficiency (0.018 – 0.019 s) compared to the dynamic finite element calculation with GeoStudio (10 min). This highlights its potential for integration into geo-hazards digital twin systems, facilitating rapid risk analysis based on real-time monitoring data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102238"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102233
Boyang Wang , Dengfu Yuan , Jingjing Li , Shichao Li , Fei Xiao , Shansi Tian , Mengjing Yin , Jianguo Yang
Micro-nano fractures serve as the bridge connecting nanopores and macro-fractures. The unclear understanding of their developmental characteristics and controlling factors significantly hinders the large-scale, efficient development of continental shale oil. To address this, this study employs the entropy weight method to establish an evaluation model for fracture development strength that comprehensively considers fracture number, average width, areal density, and areal porosity. Additionally, topology is introduced to evaluate fracture connectivity. The research clarifies the differences in micro-nano fracture developmental characteristics and primary controlling factors among different lithofacies and elucidates the impact of micro-nano fracture development on pore structure and hydrocarbon accumulation in Gulong shale. The results indicate that the HQS (high-organic laminated felsic shale) lithofacies exhibits high micro-nano fracture development strength and connectivity, yielding the highest comprehensive evaluation index. The HCS (high-organic laminated mixed shale) shows high development strength but low connectivity, resulting in a secondary comprehensive evaluation index. Higher organic matter content correlates with greater fracture development strength; clay mineral content controls the characteristics of nano-fracture development; felsic mineral content positively influences fracture connectivity. The development of micro-nano fractures not only enhances macropore content and average pore size but also effectively connects pores of various scales, increasing the effectiveness of the pore-fracture system. Lithofacies with low fracture connectivity (primarily HCS) exhibit more complex pore structures. Shale oil in such lithofacies mainly accumulates via a self-sealing model, making it difficult to form complex fracture networks during hydraulic fracturing and hindering efficient development. Conversely, the HQS lithofacies demonstrates optimal pore-fracture connectivity, favorable oil content, and represents the most favorable lithofacies for Gulong shale oil development. These findings contribute to the optimization of sweet-spot intervals for shale oil exploration in the study area.
{"title":"Fine characterization of micro-nano fractures and analysis of network connectivity: Mechanistic controls on hydrocarbon enrichment in shale reservoirs","authors":"Boyang Wang , Dengfu Yuan , Jingjing Li , Shichao Li , Fei Xiao , Shansi Tian , Mengjing Yin , Jianguo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-nano fractures serve as the bridge connecting nanopores and macro-fractures. The unclear understanding of their developmental characteristics and controlling factors significantly hinders the large-scale, efficient development of continental shale oil. To address this, this study employs the entropy weight method to establish an evaluation model for fracture development strength that comprehensively considers fracture number, average width, areal density, and areal porosity. Additionally, topology is introduced to evaluate fracture connectivity. The research clarifies the differences in micro-nano fracture developmental characteristics and primary controlling factors among different lithofacies and elucidates the impact of micro-nano fracture development on pore structure and hydrocarbon accumulation in Gulong shale. The results indicate that the HQS (high-organic laminated felsic shale) lithofacies exhibits high micro-nano fracture development strength and connectivity, yielding the highest comprehensive evaluation index. The HCS (high-organic laminated mixed shale) shows high development strength but low connectivity, resulting in a secondary comprehensive evaluation index. Higher organic matter content correlates with greater fracture development strength; clay mineral content controls the characteristics of nano-fracture development; felsic mineral content positively influences fracture connectivity. The development of micro-nano fractures not only enhances macropore content and average pore size but also effectively connects pores of various scales, increasing the effectiveness of the pore-fracture system. Lithofacies with low fracture connectivity (primarily HCS) exhibit more complex pore structures. Shale oil in such lithofacies mainly accumulates via a self-sealing model, making it difficult to form complex fracture networks during hydraulic fracturing and hindering efficient development. Conversely, the HQS lithofacies demonstrates optimal pore-fracture connectivity, favorable oil content, and represents the most favorable lithofacies for Gulong shale oil development. These findings contribute to the optimization of sweet-spot intervals for shale oil exploration in the study area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102233"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102235
Akinwale T. Ogunrinde , Paul Adigun , Xian Xue , Koji Dairaku , Sabab Ali Shah , Ifeoluwa S. Adawa
Droughts pose escalating threats to global water security, agriculture, and socioeconomic stability amid anthropogenic climate change, with projections indicating an increase in frequency, duration, and severity driven by altered precipitation patterns and amplified evaporative demand. This study introduces a probabilistic framework to quantify drought risk amplification, employing the Risk Ratio (RR) methodology integrated with extreme value theory and non-parametric inference. Utilizing multi-model ensemble (MME) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), we evaluate changes in drought characteristics—duration, frequency, and severity — via the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 3- and 12-month timescales for near-future (NF) and far-future (FF) periods. Our analyses reveal pervasive global intensification, with over 90% of land grids exhibiting positive severity shifts under SSP5-8.5 in the FF, attributed to atmospheric evaporative demand, which accounts for approximately 44% of the trends in SPEI. Threshold-stratified RR assessments reveal nonlinear escalations at higher percentiles (P90 vs. P75), compressing the return periods of extreme events by 20%–30% under high-emission scenarios. Regional hotspots, including the Amazon basin, sub-Saharan Africa, southwestern North America, and Central Asian drylands, exhibit frequency risks that are 4-fold or more amplified, signaling transitions to chronic water stress and potential ecosystem tipping points. These findings underscore the dominance of thermodynamic drivers in drought dynamics, advocating for emissions mitigation to curtail risks by 15%–25% under moderate pathways. By addressing uncertainties in non-stationary regimes, this framework provides adaptive strategies for resilient water management, offering policymakers critical insights to mitigate cascading impacts on global food security and biodiversity in a warming world.
在人为气候变化的背景下，干旱对全球水安全、农业和社会经济稳定构成的威胁不断升级，预测表明，由于降水模式的改变和蒸发需求的扩大，干旱的频率、持续时间和严重程度都会增加。本文采用风险比（RR）方法，结合极值理论和非参数推理，提出了干旱风险放大量化的概率框架。利用共享社会经济路径（SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5）下的耦合模式比对项目第6阶段（CMIP6）的多模式集成（MME），通过标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）在近未来（NF）和远未来（FF）时期的3个月和12个月时间尺度上评估了干旱特征的变化——持续时间、频率和严重程度。我们的分析揭示了普遍的全球强化，超过90%的陆地网格在FF的SSP5-8.5下表现出正的严重变化，这归因于大气蒸发需求，这占SPEI趋势的约44%。阈值分层RR评估显示，在高排放情景下，较高百分位数（P90 vs P75）的非线性上升，将极端事件的重现期压缩了20%-30%。包括亚马逊盆地、撒哈拉以南非洲、北美西南部和中亚旱地在内的区域热点地区，呈现出4倍或更多的频率风险，标志着向慢性水压力和潜在生态系统临界点的转变。这些发现强调了干旱动力学中热力学驱动因素的主导地位，主张在适度途径下减少排放，将风险降低15%-25%。通过解决非平稳机制中的不确定性，该框架为弹性水管理提供了适应性战略，为政策制定者提供了关键见解，以减轻全球变暖对全球粮食安全和生物多样性的连锁影响。
{"title":"Probabilistic quantification of global drought risk amplification from temperature-enhanced evapotranspiration under climate change","authors":"Akinwale T. Ogunrinde , Paul Adigun , Xian Xue , Koji Dairaku , Sabab Ali Shah , Ifeoluwa S. Adawa","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Droughts pose escalating threats to global water security, agriculture, and socioeconomic stability amid anthropogenic climate change, with projections indicating an increase in frequency, duration, and severity driven by altered precipitation patterns and amplified evaporative demand. This study introduces a probabilistic framework to quantify drought risk amplification, employing the Risk Ratio (RR) methodology integrated with extreme value theory and non-parametric inference. Utilizing multi-model ensemble (MME) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), we evaluate changes in drought characteristics—duration, frequency, and severity — via the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 3- and 12-month timescales for near-future (NF) and far-future (FF) periods. Our analyses reveal pervasive global intensification, with over 90% of land grids exhibiting positive severity shifts under SSP5-8.5 in the FF, attributed to atmospheric evaporative demand, which accounts for approximately 44% of the trends in SPEI. Threshold-stratified RR assessments reveal nonlinear escalations at higher percentiles (P90 vs. P75), compressing the return periods of extreme events by 20%–30% under high-emission scenarios. Regional hotspots, including the Amazon basin, sub-Saharan Africa, southwestern North America, and Central Asian drylands, exhibit frequency risks that are 4-fold or more amplified, signaling transitions to chronic water stress and potential ecosystem tipping points. These findings underscore the dominance of thermodynamic drivers in drought dynamics, advocating for emissions mitigation to curtail risks by 15%–25% under moderate pathways. By addressing uncertainties in non-stationary regimes, this framework provides adaptive strategies for resilient water management, offering policymakers critical insights to mitigate cascading impacts on global food security and biodiversity in a warming world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102235"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102236
Bhaskar J. Saikia , G. Parthasarathy , Binoy K. Saikia , Puja Bordoloi , Rashmi R. Borah
We report here for the first time the detailed spectroscopic investigations on Bhawad meteorite using micro-Raman spectroscopic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigation of the Bhawad LL6 ordinary chondrite, focusing on its mineralogical composition and carbonaceous phases. Raman spectroscopy reveals crystalline silicates including olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase, along with accessory chromite containing ≤20% of Al. Carbonaceous material exhibits broad ID (∼1336 cm−1) and IG (∼1587 cm−1) bands with an ID/IG ratio of ∼1.04, indicative of disordered graphite and nanocrystalline carbon, reflecting shock-induced metamorphism. High-pressure TiO2 polymorphs are identified by characteristic Raman modes at 146, 394, 446, and 610 cm−1. HR-TEM imaging confirms the presence of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles embedded within amorphous carbonaceous matrices, demonstrating the coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phases. The Raman spectra of the Bhawad meteorite reveal the presence of high-temperature plagioclase phases, characterized by these distinct vibrational features. This observation indicates possible quenching of the melts having feldspar components, representing the complex thermal and shock metamorphic history of the meteorite. This coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phases highlights the complex thermal and shock history of the Bhawad meteorite, revealing insights into phase transitions and structural order–disorder phase transition induced by impact processes.
{"title":"First observation of coexisting crystalline and amorphous mineral phases in the Bhawad LL6 chondrite: Evidence from Micro-Raman spectroscopic studies","authors":"Bhaskar J. Saikia , G. Parthasarathy , Binoy K. Saikia , Puja Bordoloi , Rashmi R. Borah","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report here for the first time the detailed spectroscopic investigations on Bhawad meteorite using micro-Raman spectroscopic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigation of the Bhawad LL6 ordinary chondrite, focusing on its mineralogical composition and carbonaceous phases. Raman spectroscopy reveals crystalline silicates including olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase, along with accessory chromite containing ≤20% of Al. Carbonaceous material exhibits broad <em>I</em><sub>D</sub> (∼1336 cm<sup>−1</sup>) and <em>I</em><sub>G</sub> (∼1587 cm<sup>−1</sup>) bands with an <em>I</em><sub>D</sub>/<em>I</em><sub>G</sub> ratio of ∼1.04, indicative of disordered graphite and nanocrystalline carbon, reflecting shock-induced metamorphism. High-pressure TiO<sub>2</sub> polymorphs are identified by characteristic Raman modes at 146, 394, 446, and 610 cm<sup>−1</sup>. HR-TEM imaging confirms the presence of nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> particles embedded within amorphous carbonaceous matrices, demonstrating the coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phases. The Raman spectra of the Bhawad meteorite reveal the presence of high-temperature plagioclase phases, characterized by these distinct vibrational features. This observation indicates possible quenching of the melts having feldspar components, representing the complex thermal and shock metamorphic history of the meteorite. This coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phases highlights the complex thermal and shock history of the Bhawad meteorite, revealing insights into phase transitions and structural order–disorder phase transition induced by impact processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102236"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102222
Dan-Ni Zhang , Hua-Ming Tian , Yu Wang , Chao Shi , Kostas Senetakis
Digital twins of geotechnical structures replicate their physical counterparts, such as underground spaces developed from land reclamations. These spaces often exhibit intricate three-dimensional (3D) stratigraphic distributions, including irregular and interbedded soil layers. Developing a virtual 3D model, such as finite element model (FEM), with complex stratigraphy poses significant computational challenges due to the necessity for numerous stratum voxels, high-resolution meshing, and prohibitive analysis times. Incorporating field settlement data for model updating escalates the computational burden, as repeated evaluations of 3D FEM models are required for each model updating. To address this challenge, this study develops a novel approach for efficiently predicting time-varying 3D settlement from two-dimensional (2D) numerical models with sparsely measured monitoring data. Settlements from 2D FEM analyses, which account for complex stratigraphy, are compiled within a dictionary learning framework and combined with limited monitoring data to estimate time-varying settlements at multiple 2D cross-sections. The 2D settlements are then utilized to reconstruct high-resolution 3D settlements through 3D compressive sampling (3D-CS), eliminating a need for additional numerical model evaluations when integrating new monitoring data. The proposed approach is illustrated using a reclamation project in Hong Kong, China.
{"title":"Physics-informed dictionary learning of time-varying 3D settlements from sparse monitoring data and 2D numerical models with consideration of complex stratigraphy","authors":"Dan-Ni Zhang , Hua-Ming Tian , Yu Wang , Chao Shi , Kostas Senetakis","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital twins of geotechnical structures replicate their physical counterparts, such as underground spaces developed from land reclamations. These spaces often exhibit intricate three-dimensional (3D) stratigraphic distributions, including irregular and interbedded soil layers. Developing a virtual 3D model, such as finite element model (FEM), with complex stratigraphy poses significant computational challenges due to the necessity for numerous stratum voxels, high-resolution meshing, and prohibitive analysis times. Incorporating field settlement data for model updating escalates the computational burden, as repeated evaluations of 3D FEM models are required for each model updating. To address this challenge, this study develops a novel approach for efficiently predicting time-varying 3D settlement from two-dimensional (2D) numerical models with sparsely measured monitoring data. Settlements from 2D FEM analyses, which account for complex stratigraphy, are compiled within a dictionary learning framework and combined with limited monitoring data to estimate time-varying settlements at multiple 2D cross-sections. The 2D settlements are then utilized to reconstruct high-resolution 3D settlements through 3D compressive sampling (3D-CS), eliminating a need for additional numerical model evaluations when integrating new monitoring data. The proposed approach is illustrated using a reclamation project in Hong Kong, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102222"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102217
Tao Zhang , Zhifang Zhao , Min Zeng , Haiying Yang
The acquisition of spatiotemporal information for lithological mapping with timeliness, accuracy, and high precision is crucial for mineral resource exploration and geological hazard prevention. However, large-scale lithological mapping remains severely constrained by the limitations of visual interpretation in obtaining representative samples from remote sensing data and error propagation during sample collection based on existing geological maps. To address this, we propose a three-dimensional spatial dual-positioning sample generation methodology (SG-3DSD) using Sentinel-2 (S2) and Landsat 8 (L8) data on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, enabling automated generation of 11 lithological class samples across the Beishan region of Gansu Province, China (covering approximately 6,000 km2). First, boundary association rules were established to reconstruct 1:200,000-scale geological maps, mitigating data acquisition biases and cartographic compilation errors. Second, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on seven S2 spectral bands, with the first three principal components (capturing > 98% information variance) constituting a 3D feature space for localized clustering. Concurrently, four L8 bands were selected through lithological spectral curve analysis to implement band ratio (BR) transformations for secondary positioning. Finally, a two-step refinement strategy was implemented to filter high-confidence samples across 11 lithological classes, balancing intraclass feature consistency and sample purity. Applying SG-3DSD-derived samples to multiple machine learning models revealed that (1) the Stacking ensemble model demonstrated superior lithological discrimination capability compared to conventional algorithms, achieving peak accuracy of 94.15% and mean F1-score of 93.87%; (2) integrating topographic data (especially Elevation) enhanced lithological positioning accuracy by 4.43% ± 1.13%; (3) PCA and BR transformations effectively enhanced lithological separability, particularly at lithological boundary zones; (4) while SG-3DSD enables efficient large-scale sample generation, it is advisable to avoid using excessively large training samples for regional-scale mapping. This methodology mitigates the weighting dependence on geological maps during sample selection and dilutes inherent cartographic error propagation, providing a novel paradigm for large-scale lithological mapping with broad application potential.
{"title":"Fast production of large lithologic maps using lithologic sample generation strategies based on 3D spatial positioning","authors":"Tao Zhang , Zhifang Zhao , Min Zeng , Haiying Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The acquisition of spatiotemporal information for lithological mapping with timeliness, accuracy, and high precision is crucial for mineral resource exploration and geological hazard prevention. However, large-scale lithological mapping remains severely constrained by the limitations of visual interpretation in obtaining representative samples from remote sensing data and error propagation during sample collection based on existing geological maps. To address this, we propose a three-dimensional spatial dual-positioning sample generation methodology (SG-3DSD) using Sentinel-2 (S2) and Landsat 8 (L8) data on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, enabling automated generation of 11 lithological class samples across the Beishan region of Gansu Province, China (covering approximately 6,000 km<sup>2</sup>). First, boundary association rules were established to reconstruct 1:200,000-scale geological maps, mitigating data acquisition biases and cartographic compilation errors. Second, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on seven S2 spectral bands, with the first three principal components (capturing > 98% information variance) constituting a 3D feature space for localized clustering. Concurrently, four L8 bands were selected through lithological spectral curve analysis to implement band ratio (BR) transformations for secondary positioning. Finally, a two-step refinement strategy was implemented to filter high-confidence samples across 11 lithological classes, balancing intraclass feature consistency and sample purity. Applying SG-3DSD-derived samples to multiple machine learning models revealed that (1) the Stacking ensemble model demonstrated superior lithological discrimination capability compared to conventional algorithms, achieving peak accuracy of 94.15% and mean F1-score of 93.87%; (2) integrating topographic data (especially Elevation) enhanced lithological positioning accuracy by 4.43% ± 1.13%; (3) PCA and BR transformations effectively enhanced lithological separability, particularly at lithological boundary zones; (4) while SG-3DSD enables efficient large-scale sample generation, it is advisable to avoid using excessively large training samples for regional-scale mapping. This methodology mitigates the weighting dependence on geological maps during sample selection and dilutes inherent cartographic error propagation, providing a novel paradigm for large-scale lithological mapping with broad application potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102217"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102221
Wengang Zhang , Han Han , Weixin Sun , Yunhao Wang , Zhihao Wu , Peng Xiao , Yumiao Yan
Precise control of shield tail clearance is a critical factor influencing the safety and quality of shield tunneling construction. Although various methods exist for accurately measuring shield tail clearance, predictive capabilities remain insufficient. This study is based on a shield tunnel project in the karst region of Longgang, Shenzhen, China. By integrating geological parameters obtained from advanced geological prediction with shield construction monitoring data, a predictive calculation method for shield tail clearance is developed, grounded in the spatial relationship between the shield machine and the pipe segments. A knowledge-based data-driven prediction approach is proposed using a Transformer-LSTM deep learning model. Case analysis demonstrates that the proposed Transformer–LSTM model consistently outperformed baseline models such as GRU, LSTM, and pure Transformer. The predicted R2 values for the four positions of the shield tail—top, bottom, left, and right—reached 0.990, 0.901, 0.976, and 0.908, respectively, while error indicators (MAE, RMSE, and MAPE) were also minimized. These results confirm that the proposed hybrid approach effectively captures both global dependencies and temporal dynamics, enabling accurate prediction of shield tail clearance and offering practical engineering significance for guiding shield tunneling construction.
{"title":"Knowledge-based data-driven prediction of shield tail clearance under karst geological condition","authors":"Wengang Zhang , Han Han , Weixin Sun , Yunhao Wang , Zhihao Wu , Peng Xiao , Yumiao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise control of shield tail clearance is a critical factor influencing the safety and quality of shield tunneling construction. Although various methods exist for accurately measuring shield tail clearance, predictive capabilities remain insufficient. This study is based on a shield tunnel project in the karst region of Longgang, Shenzhen, China. By integrating geological parameters obtained from advanced geological prediction with shield construction monitoring data, a predictive calculation method for shield tail clearance is developed, grounded in the spatial relationship between the shield machine and the pipe segments. A knowledge-based data-driven prediction approach is proposed using a Transformer-LSTM deep learning model. Case analysis demonstrates that the proposed Transformer–LSTM model consistently outperformed baseline models such as GRU, LSTM, and pure Transformer. The predicted <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> values for the four positions of the shield tail—top, bottom, left, and right—reached 0.990, 0.901, 0.976, and 0.908, respectively, while error indicators (MAE, RMSE, and MAPE) were also minimized. These results confirm that the proposed hybrid approach effectively captures both global dependencies and temporal dynamics, enabling accurate prediction of shield tail clearance and offering practical engineering significance for guiding shield tunneling construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102221"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102219
Hyo Jin Koo , Hyen Goo Cho , Young Keun Jin , Dong-Hun Lee , Ji-Hoon Kim , Tae Siek Rhee , Jong Kuk Hong , Sung Keun Lee
While manganese (Mn) nodules are authigenic metal concretions that form predominantly on deep-sea seafloor, they have also been found along shallow seafloors. The formation environments of these nodules — deep sea vs. shallow water — often result in distinct chemical and morphological characteristics. As Mn is one of the essential components of energy-storing technologies, assessing the proper estimation of Mn and metal contents in both deep- and shallow-water Mn nodules is critical. It has been found that the Mn content of shallow-water nodules is often lower than that from deep-sea environments. Here, we report the discovery of shallow-water Mn nodules with exceptionally high Mn/Fe ratios on the continental slope of the East Siberian Sea, Arctic Ocean. Despite their shallow-water origin, Mn nodules show morphological and chemical characteristics that are typically unique to deep-sea nodules. These distinctive features, including exceptionally high Mn/Fe ratios, may reflect suboxic diagenesis and the preferential remobilization and re-precipitation of Mn from the adjacent continental shelf. The formation of high Mn/Fe nodules may reflect unique ocean circulation patterns that provided oxygenated bottom waters to the study area. Particularly, Pacific Water entering through the Bering Strait, which overlaps with the nodule formation depth (160 – 240 m) and is enriched in dissolved oxygen, could facilitate Mn-rich nodule growth under suboxic diagenetic conditions since the Holocene. Shallow-water Mn nodules with uniquely high Mn/Fe ratios may offer a novel paleo-environmental proxy for reconstructing paleohydrology and bio-geochemical evolutions in shallow marine environments.
{"title":"Genesis of shallow-water manganese nodules with uniquely high Mn/Fe ratios","authors":"Hyo Jin Koo , Hyen Goo Cho , Young Keun Jin , Dong-Hun Lee , Ji-Hoon Kim , Tae Siek Rhee , Jong Kuk Hong , Sung Keun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While manganese (Mn) nodules are authigenic metal concretions that form predominantly on deep-sea seafloor, they have also been found along shallow seafloors. The formation environments of these nodules — deep sea <em>vs.</em> shallow water — often result in distinct chemical and morphological characteristics. As Mn is one of the essential components of energy-storing technologies, assessing the proper estimation of Mn and metal contents in both deep- and shallow-water Mn nodules is critical. It has been found that the Mn content of shallow-water nodules is often lower than that from deep-sea environments. Here, we report the discovery of shallow-water Mn nodules with exceptionally high Mn/Fe ratios on the continental slope of the East Siberian Sea, Arctic Ocean. Despite their shallow-water origin, Mn nodules show morphological and chemical characteristics that are typically unique to deep-sea nodules. These distinctive features, including exceptionally high Mn/Fe ratios, may reflect suboxic diagenesis and the preferential remobilization and re-precipitation of Mn from the adjacent continental shelf. The formation of high Mn/Fe nodules may reflect unique ocean circulation patterns that provided oxygenated bottom waters to the study area. Particularly, Pacific Water entering through the Bering Strait, which overlaps with the nodule formation depth (160 – 240 m) and is enriched in dissolved oxygen, could facilitate Mn-rich nodule growth under suboxic diagenetic conditions since the Holocene. Shallow-water Mn nodules with uniquely high Mn/Fe ratios may offer a novel paleo-environmental proxy for reconstructing paleohydrology and bio-geochemical evolutions in shallow marine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102219"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102218
Fabrício A. Caxito , Cristiano Lana , Davi Carvalho , Gabriel J. Uhlein , Carolina Reis , Paulo Henrique A. Dias , Denise Canabrava , Juliana Okubo , George Luiz Luvizotto , Lucas Warren , Shuhai Xiao , Tian Gan , Galen Halverson , Peter Crockford , Kristin Bergmann , Katharine W. Huntington , Andrew J. Schauer , Mariana M. Leite
<div><div>Direct dating of sedimentary successions is a main challenge in geochronology, key for the establishment of chronostratigraphic frameworks for both regional and global events. U-Pb in-situ LA-ICPMS direct dating of carbonate samples is emerging as a promising tool, but complications such as mobility and low U contents hinder most of the attempts on common carbonate rocks. We present new U-Pb in-situ LA-ICPMS data for Ediacaran cap carbonate and related successions from Brazil, China and Canada, along with stable carbon, oxygen, and clumped isotope data for the same samples. The novel dataset reveals that in some instances, especially within calcite-after-aragonite crystal fans and microbialite facies, U is retained from early diagenesis through intermediate to deep burial, resulting in tightly constrained and well-spread linear fits in the Concordia space. Calcite-after-aragonite crystal fan samples from the Guia Fm. (Brazil) and Hayhook Fm. (Canada) caps, sitting immediately above glacial diamictite, yielded 632 ± 14 Ma and 631 ± 6 Ma, respectively, supporting quick deposition and diagenesis following Marinoan deglaciation. Clumped isotope apparent equilibrium temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>Δ47</sub>) of 79 (+12/−11) °C and 181 (+14/−13) °C (95% confidence level), respectively, indicate that the U-Pb system remained unreset within the crystal fans even through the deep burial realm. In the Sete Lagoas Formation of the Bambuí Group (Brazil), crystal fans are not restricted to the immediate cap carbonate sitting above glacial deposits, but instead occur throughout ca. 400 m of carbonate-dominated facies, in distinct stratigraphic intervals corresponding to the Pedro Leopoldo and Lagoa Santa members. Samples from the basal Pedro Leopoldo member yielded U-Pb ages between 625 Ma and 605 Ma. A crystal-fan bearing sample of the Acauã Formation in the Sergipano Belt (Brazil) yielded similar results, suggesting protracted deposition/diagenesis of the negative <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C-bearing limestone above the basal cap dolostone. Crystal fans in the topmost Lagoa Santa member, just below the contact with the mudstone-rich Serra de Santa Helena Formation and 330 m above the contact with the glacials, yielded late Ediacaran ages at ca. 570–550 Ma. All of these yielded <em>T</em><sub>Δ47</sub> of around 110–149 °C. These ages are identical within uncertainty to U-Pb ages obtained in stromatolites at the same stratigraphic level, and from the phosphorite-bearing stromatolites of the Salitre Formation, Una Group, further north in the São Francisco craton, which yielded a lower <em>T</em><sub>Δ47</sub> of 91 ± 7 °C. Finally, both the cap dolostone matrix and isopachous cement filling sheet-cavities from a sample of the basal Doushantuo Formation of South China align in a regression with a lower intercept at ca. 619 Ma. The new U-Pb carbonate data are highly coherent with available U-Pb zircon and Re-Os whole-rock data worldwide, and also with previou
{"title":"Coda of the snowball: combined U-Pb LA-ICPMS dating of calcite-after-aragonite crystal fans and clumped isotope thermometry of Ediacaran cap carbonates","authors":"Fabrício A. Caxito , Cristiano Lana , Davi Carvalho , Gabriel J. Uhlein , Carolina Reis , Paulo Henrique A. Dias , Denise Canabrava , Juliana Okubo , George Luiz Luvizotto , Lucas Warren , Shuhai Xiao , Tian Gan , Galen Halverson , Peter Crockford , Kristin Bergmann , Katharine W. Huntington , Andrew J. Schauer , Mariana M. Leite","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct dating of sedimentary successions is a main challenge in geochronology, key for the establishment of chronostratigraphic frameworks for both regional and global events. U-Pb in-situ LA-ICPMS direct dating of carbonate samples is emerging as a promising tool, but complications such as mobility and low U contents hinder most of the attempts on common carbonate rocks. We present new U-Pb in-situ LA-ICPMS data for Ediacaran cap carbonate and related successions from Brazil, China and Canada, along with stable carbon, oxygen, and clumped isotope data for the same samples. The novel dataset reveals that in some instances, especially within calcite-after-aragonite crystal fans and microbialite facies, U is retained from early diagenesis through intermediate to deep burial, resulting in tightly constrained and well-spread linear fits in the Concordia space. Calcite-after-aragonite crystal fan samples from the Guia Fm. (Brazil) and Hayhook Fm. (Canada) caps, sitting immediately above glacial diamictite, yielded 632 ± 14 Ma and 631 ± 6 Ma, respectively, supporting quick deposition and diagenesis following Marinoan deglaciation. Clumped isotope apparent equilibrium temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>Δ47</sub>) of 79 (+12/−11) °C and 181 (+14/−13) °C (95% confidence level), respectively, indicate that the U-Pb system remained unreset within the crystal fans even through the deep burial realm. In the Sete Lagoas Formation of the Bambuí Group (Brazil), crystal fans are not restricted to the immediate cap carbonate sitting above glacial deposits, but instead occur throughout ca. 400 m of carbonate-dominated facies, in distinct stratigraphic intervals corresponding to the Pedro Leopoldo and Lagoa Santa members. Samples from the basal Pedro Leopoldo member yielded U-Pb ages between 625 Ma and 605 Ma. A crystal-fan bearing sample of the Acauã Formation in the Sergipano Belt (Brazil) yielded similar results, suggesting protracted deposition/diagenesis of the negative <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C-bearing limestone above the basal cap dolostone. Crystal fans in the topmost Lagoa Santa member, just below the contact with the mudstone-rich Serra de Santa Helena Formation and 330 m above the contact with the glacials, yielded late Ediacaran ages at ca. 570–550 Ma. All of these yielded <em>T</em><sub>Δ47</sub> of around 110–149 °C. These ages are identical within uncertainty to U-Pb ages obtained in stromatolites at the same stratigraphic level, and from the phosphorite-bearing stromatolites of the Salitre Formation, Una Group, further north in the São Francisco craton, which yielded a lower <em>T</em><sub>Δ47</sub> of 91 ± 7 °C. Finally, both the cap dolostone matrix and isopachous cement filling sheet-cavities from a sample of the basal Doushantuo Formation of South China align in a regression with a lower intercept at ca. 619 Ma. The new U-Pb carbonate data are highly coherent with available U-Pb zircon and Re-Os whole-rock data worldwide, and also with previou","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102218"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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