Geoscience frontiers最新文献_第7页

Causal mechanisms and governance priorities of the SDG-based resource-economy-environment nexus in the human-nature system 人-自然系统中基于可持续发展目标的资源-经济-环境关系的因果机制与治理重点

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102152

Yizhong Huan , Pengpeng Mo , Yiming Su , Xiaoyun Li , Yazhu Wang , Yali Tong , Tao Liang , Lingqing Wang , Jian Hu , Guangjin Zhou

The eight Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to resources (2, 6, 7), economy (8, 9), and environment (12, 13, 15), collectively known as REE, form the core of the human-nature system. Understanding their complex interactions is crucial for identifying transformative and effective governance actions. However, the causal mechanisms underlying the REE-related SDGs remain elusive. We used expert elicitation to assess weighted, directed interactions among 69 targets of these SDGs and applied network analysis and machine learning to identify their higher-order impacts, capacity to maintain network robustness, community structures, similarities, and systemic and structural roles. Additionally, we used causal emergence analysis and link prediction to examine potential characteristics of the causal network at macro and micro scales, respectively. The results indicate that prioritizing target 9.4 (sustainable & clean industries) can accelerate overall SDG progress while enhancing synergies and maintaining systemic resilience. In the macro-network, where causal emergence occurs, macronode E dominated by ecological targets plays the strongest facilitating role. In the micro-network, four predicted links with the highest weights indicate that strengthening scientific research and technological innovation is expected to be a potential focal point for positive impact. However, its possible negative effects warrant careful consideration. Additionally, significant trade-offs may arise between energy development and species conservation in the REE nexus that should be avoided. This study offers new insights into the causal mechanisms and priorities of the SDGs in REE, promoting global human-nature system coupling and accelerating the achievement of the 2030 Agenda.

与资源（2、6、7）、经济（8、9）和环境（12、13、15）相关的八个可持续发展目标（sdg），统称为REE，构成了人与自然系统的核心。理解它们之间复杂的相互作用对于确定变革性和有效的治理行动至关重要。然而，与环保相关的可持续发展目标背后的因果机制仍然难以捉摸。我们使用专家启发法来评估这些可持续发展目标的69个目标之间的加权、定向相互作用，并应用网络分析和机器学习来确定它们的高阶影响、维持网络稳健性的能力、社区结构、相似性以及系统和结构角色。此外，我们使用因果出现分析和链接预测分别在宏观和微观尺度上研究因果网络的潜在特征。结果表明，优先考虑目标9.4（可持续清洁产业）可以加速可持续发展目标的整体进展，同时增强协同效应并保持系统弹性。在发生因果发生的宏观网络中，以生态目标为主导的宏观节点E的促进作用最强。在微网络中，权重最高的四个预测环节表明，加强科学研究和技术创新有望成为积极影响的潜在焦点。然而，它可能产生的负面影响值得仔细考虑。此外，在稀土资源关系中，能源开发和物种保护之间可能会产生重大的权衡，这是应该避免的。该研究为可持续发展目标在REE中的因果机制和优先事项提供了新的见解，促进了全球人-自然系统的耦合，加速了2030年议程的实现。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics and drivers of carbonaceous aerosol pollution in a coastal city of northern China 中国北方沿海城市碳质气溶胶污染特征及其驱动因素

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102151

Li Fang , He Meng , Yanjun Yang , Ruiyu Li , Yang Yue , Caiqing Yan

Carbonaceous aerosols significantly impact air quality, human health and climate change, yet their concentration levels and influencing factors exhibit significant regional variability. This study examined the concentration levels and temporal variations of carbonaceous aerosols in Qingdao, a typical coastal city in China, using a year-long, high-time-resolution dataset of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) measurements. The impacts of meteorological conditions, primary emissions, atmospheric oxidants, and sea-land breezes were systematically analyzed by employing an interpretable machine learning model. The results revealed that atmospheric OC and EC concentration levels were relatively low in Qingdao, but secondary organic carbon (SOC) accounted for 43 % of OC, emphasizing the substantial influence of secondary sources. SOC concentrations peaked in the evening, whereas primary organic carbon (POC) and EC concentrations peaked during morning rush hours. The elevated carbonaceous aerosol concentration observed in winter likely resulted from enhanced primary emissions coupled with unfavorable dispersion conditions, whereas intensive photochemical activities during summer facilitated SOC formation. Higher SOC levels were observed during sea-land breeze days than non-sea-land breeze days. The machine learning model indicated that atmospheric oxidants played an important role in SOC formation during sea-land breeze days, while combustion related emissions may be the key factor on non-sea-land breeze days. Furthermore, SOC levels were higher under land breezes compared to sea breezes, likely due to enhanced primary emissions from terrestrial sources coupled with confined pollutant dispersion. These findings revealed complex emission-meteorology-chemistry interactions affecting coastal air quality, informing targeted air pollution mitigation strategies.

碳质气溶胶显著影响空气质量、人类健康和气候变化，但其浓度水平和影响因子表现出显著的区域差异。本研究利用为期一年的高时间分辨率有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）测量数据，研究了中国典型沿海城市青岛含碳气溶胶的浓度水平和时间变化。通过采用可解释的机器学习模型，系统地分析了气象条件、一次排放、大气氧化剂和海风的影响。结果表明，青岛市大气OC和EC浓度水平相对较低，但二次有机碳（SOC）占OC的43%，表明二次源对OC的影响较大。有机碳（SOC）浓度在傍晚达到峰值，而原生有机碳（POC）和有机碳（EC）浓度在早高峰时段达到峰值。冬季观测到的碳质气溶胶浓度升高可能是由于一次排放增加加上不利的扩散条件，而夏季强烈的光化学活动促进了有机碳的形成。海陆风日土壤有机碳含量高于非海陆风日。机器学习模型表明，大气氧化剂在海陆风日对有机碳形成起重要作用，而燃烧相关排放可能是非海陆风日的关键因素。此外，与海风相比，陆风下的有机碳水平更高，这可能是由于陆地源的一次排放增加，加上污染物扩散受限。这些发现揭示了影响沿海空气质量的复杂的排放-气象-化学相互作用，为有针对性的空气污染缓解策略提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Lacustrine organic carbon burial dynamics regulate Aptian-Albian greenhouse-cooling climate oscillations 湖相有机碳埋藏动力学调节阿普梯—阿普梯—阿普梯温室降温气候振荡

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102150

Dongjun Song , Yifeng Hong , Jingyu Zhang , Xinnan Fang , Shuang Dai

Investigating terrestrial response to typical greenhouse periods is essential to understand past and present climate-carbon-cycle interactions. The Cretaceous climate transition is thought to be related to carbon cycles, yet the role of lacustrine systems in modulating global carbon-climate feedback remains poorly constrained. Here, we present a high-resolution biogeochemical record from an Aptian-Albian paleolake in northwestern China, integrating biomarkers, nitrogen isotopes, and elemental proxies. We reveal that warm-humid climates during the early Aptian amplified lacustrine organic carbon burial via intensified denitrification, methane cycling, and nutrient fluxes, potentially reinforcing oceanic anoxic event 1a (OAE1a) hyperthermal conditions through N₂O/CH₄ emissions. Subsequent nitrogen limitation triggered cyanobacterial dominance, sustaining carbon sequestration under moderate weathering and contributing to cooling the late Aptian climate. A transient early Albian warming phase shifted the nitrogen pool towards NH₄⁺ and favored the bloom of eukaryotic algae, aligning with global OAE1b carbon burial and serving as one of the contributors to the late early Albian cooling climate. These dynamics demonstrate that paleolakes acted as both carbon sinks and greenhouse gas sources, exerting a critical but previously overlooked feedback on Cretaceous climate oscillations. Our findings highlight the dual role of lacustrine systems in past carbon cycle perturbations, offering insights for refining the relationships between the carbon cycle and climate changes in the Cretaceous.

研究陆地对典型温室期的响应对于理解过去和现在的气候-碳循环相互作用至关重要。白垩纪的气候转变被认为与碳循环有关，但湖泊系统在调节全球碳-气候反馈中的作用仍然很少受到限制。本文采用高分辨率的生物地球化学记录，综合了生物标志物、氮同位素和元素指标。研究发现，阿普梯早期的暖湿气候通过强化反硝化作用、甲烷循环和养分通量放大了湖泊有机碳埋藏，并可能通过N2O/CH4排放强化海洋缺氧事件1a （OAE1a）过热条件。随后的氮限制引发了蓝藻的优势，维持了适度风化下的碳固存，并有助于冷却阿普tian晚期的气候。早期Albian短暂的变暖阶段使氮池向NH4+方向转变，有利于真核藻类的繁殖，与全球OAE1b碳埋藏一致，是早期Albian晚期降温气候的原因之一。这些动态表明，古湖泊既是碳汇又是温室气体源，在白垩纪气候振荡中发挥了重要但以前被忽视的反馈作用。我们的发现强调了湖泊系统在过去碳循环扰动中的双重作用，为完善白垩纪碳循环与气候变化之间的关系提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Shale oil occurrence and mobility mechanisms in brittle mineral-enriched reservoirs: Insights from the Paleogene Kongdian Formation, Bohai Bay Basin 渤海湾盆地古近系孔店组页岩油赋存状态及运移机制

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102149

Bixiao Xin , Fang Hao , Jinqiang Tian , Pengfei Guo , Qilu Xu , Wenzhong Han

Understanding shale oil occurrence and mobility is essential for evaluating resource potential and optimizing exploration in lacustrine shale systems. This study investigates the Paleogene Kongdian Formation in the Bohai Bay Basin, integrating organic geochemistry, mineralogical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, solvent extraction, multi-step Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and 2-D NMR to characterize shale oil occurrence states and mobility mechanisms in brittle mineral-enriched reservoirs. Results indicate that shale oil mainly occurs in free and adsorbed states within interparticle pores, dissolution pores, microfractures, and organic pores, with most retained oil hosted in nanopores smaller than 200 nm. Quantitative analyses show that siliceous and calcareous shales possess higher movable oil ratios than clay-rich counterparts, primarily due to their rigid mineral frameworks that resist compaction and preserve interparticle and intragranular pores. These brittle-rich lithofacies exhibit broader pore size distributions, enhanced connectivity, and reduced adsorption affinity, facilitating more efficient oil accumulation and displacement. In contrast, micropore-dominated, clay-rich shales exhibit strong adsorption and limited pore continuity, which hinder hydrocarbon mobility. Appropriate TOC levels (2.0–4.5 wt.%) favor shale oil mobility, while excessive organic content increases adsorption, reducing the proportion of free oil.

Among various geological factors, brittle mineral content and thermal maturity play the dominant roles in controlling shale oil mobility, as they fundamentally shape pore structure and fluid properties. In combination with organic matter abundance and sedimentary features, these factors jointly govern pore network evolution and hydrocarbon occurrence states, thereby determining shale oil enrichment and extractability. These findings enhance the understanding of shale oil enrichment processes and provide a scientific basis for identifying sweet spots and optimizing development strategies in lacustrine shale reservoirs.

了解页岩油的赋存状态和活动性对于评价湖相页岩系统的资源潜力和优化勘探至关重要。以渤海湾盆地古近系孔店组为研究对象，综合运用有机地球化学、矿物学分析、扫描电镜、溶剂萃取、多步岩石热解、二维核磁共振等方法，对脆性富矿储层页岩油赋存状态及运移机制进行了表征。结果表明，页岩油主要以颗粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、微裂缝和有机孔隙中的游离态和吸附态赋存，大部分滞留在小于200 nm的纳米孔中。定量分析表明，硅质和钙质页岩比富含粘土的页岩具有更高的可动油比，这主要是因为它们具有坚硬的矿物框架，可以抵抗压实作用，并保留颗粒间和粒内孔隙。这些富含脆性的岩相具有更宽的孔径分布、更强的连通性和更低的吸附亲和力，有利于更有效的油气聚集和驱油。而以微孔为主、富含粘土的页岩则表现出较强的吸附作用和有限的孔隙连续性，阻碍了油气的运移。适当的TOC含量（2.0-4.5 wt.%）有利于页岩油的流动性，而过高的有机含量会增加吸附，降低游离油的比例。在各种地质因素中，脆性矿物含量和热成熟度对页岩油运移起主导作用，它们从根本上决定了孔隙结构和流体性质。这些因素结合有机质丰度和沉积特征，共同控制孔隙网络演化和油气赋存状态，从而决定页岩油的富集和可采性。这些研究结果增强了对页岩油富集过程的认识，为识别湖相页岩储层甜点和优化开发策略提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Present-day temperature and pressure fields in key areas of Northeast China: Implications for unconventional resource evaluation 东北重点地区现今温度和压力场：对非常规资源评价的启示

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102148

Yue Huang , Jian Chang , Nansheng Qiu , Nobuo Maeda

The temperature-pressure fields within hydrocarbon-bearing basins are key geological factors controlling hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation. In this study, we focus on the Qingshankou Formation in the northern part of the central depression of the Songliao Basin, China. A multi-parameter weighted evaluation model was created using present temperature-pressure field characteristics, with formation temperature-pressure as core variables, to evaluate shale oil resource potential. In addition, we explored the control mechanisms of temperature-pressure evolution during geological history on shale oil accumulation and further assessed the applicability of the proposed method. Our results show that the geothermal gradient of the Qingshankou Formation decreases from Member 1 to Member 3 (3.84 °C/100 m, 2.93 °C/100 m, and 2.49 °C/100 m, respectively). High-temperature zones are widely distributed in the Gulong sag, with the average temperature of the Gulong shale exceeding 95 °C and reaching an average of approximately 115 °C. Overpressure in the Qingshankou Formation exhibits a west-high to east-low trend. The overpressure zones of the Gulong shale are mainly concentrated in the Qijia-Gulong and Sanzhao sag, with average pressure coefficients of 1.52 and 1.36, respectively. The Opc model identified Class I and II favorable zones, mainly located in the central and southern parts of the Gulong Sag, as well as the central and southwestern Sanzhao Sag, with estimated shale oil resources of

7.1 \times 10^{8}

tons and

17.2 \times 10^{8}

tons, respectively. Evolutionary profiles from representative wells indicate that elevated temperatures enhance organic matter maturation and light oil generation, improving shale oil mobility, while overpressure suppresses hydrocarbon dissipation and provides a sufficient driving force for oil production. This study demonstrates that present-day temperature-pressure fields effectively reflect the evolution trends of paleo-thermal and pressure regimes. The proposed evaluation method shows strong applicability and scalability, offering a new technical framework and theoretical foundation for the exploration of unconventional hydrocarbon resources.

含油气盆地内的温压场是控制油气生、运、聚的关键地质因素。本文以松辽盆地中央坳陷北部青山口组为研究对象。以地层温度压力为核心变量，利用当前油气场特征，建立多参数加权评价模型，对页岩油资源潜力进行评价。此外，探讨了地代史温压演化对页岩油成藏的控制机制，并进一步评价了该方法的适用性。结果表明：青山口组地温梯度从一段到三段依次减小（3.84°C/100 m, 2.93°C/100 m, 2.49°C/100 m）；高温带在古龙凹陷分布广泛，古龙页岩平均温度超过95℃，平均约为115℃。青山口组超压呈西高东低趋势。古龙页岩超压带主要集中在齐家—古龙凹陷和三照凹陷，平均压力系数分别为1.52和1.36。Opc模型确定了ⅰ类和ⅱ类有利带，主要分布在古龙凹陷中部和南部以及三照凹陷中部和西南部，页岩油资源量估计分别为7.1×108 t和17.2×108 t。典型井的演化特征表明，高温促进了有机质成熟和轻质油的生成，提高了页岩油的流动性，而超压则抑制了油气的耗散，为采油提供了充分的动力。研究表明，现今的温度-压力场有效地反映了古热力和压力状态的演化趋势。该评价方法具有较强的适用性和可扩展性，为非常规油气资源勘探提供了新的技术框架和理论基础。

{"title":"Present-day temperature and pressure fields in key areas of Northeast China: Implications for unconventional resource evaluation","authors":"Yue Huang , Jian Chang , Nansheng Qiu , Nobuo Maeda","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The temperature-pressure fields within hydrocarbon-bearing basins are key geological factors controlling hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation. In this study, we focus on the Qingshankou Formation in the northern part of the central depression of the Songliao Basin, China. A multi-parameter weighted evaluation model was created using present temperature-pressure field characteristics, with formation temperature-pressure as core variables, to evaluate shale oil resource potential. In addition, we explored the control mechanisms of temperature-pressure evolution during geological history on shale oil accumulation and further assessed the applicability of the proposed method. Our results show that the geothermal gradient of the Qingshankou Formation decreases from Member 1 to Member 3 (3.84 °C/100 m, 2.93 °C/100 m, and 2.49 °C/100 m, respectively). High-temperature zones are widely distributed in the Gulong sag, with the average temperature of the Gulong shale exceeding 95 °C and reaching an average of approximately 115 °C. Overpressure in the Qingshankou Formation exhibits a west-high to east-low trend. The overpressure zones of the Gulong shale are mainly concentrated in the Qijia-Gulong and Sanzhao sag, with average pressure coefficients of 1.52 and 1.36, respectively. The Opc model identified Class I and II favorable zones, mainly located in the central and southern parts of the Gulong Sag, as well as the central and southwestern Sanzhao Sag, with estimated shale oil resources of <span><math><mrow><mn>7.1</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> tons and <span><math><mrow><mn>17.2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> tons, respectively. Evolutionary profiles from representative wells indicate that elevated temperatures enhance organic matter maturation and light oil generation, improving shale oil mobility, while overpressure suppresses hydrocarbon dissipation and provides a sufficient driving force for oil production. This study demonstrates that present-day temperature-pressure fields effectively reflect the evolution trends of paleo-thermal and pressure regimes. The proposed evaluation method shows strong applicability and scalability, offering a new technical framework and theoretical foundation for the exploration of unconventional hydrocarbon resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102148"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme drought affects lake water quality, quantity, morphometry: Evidence from China’s largest fresh water lake under the 2022 global drought 极端干旱影响湖泊水质、水量和形态：2022年全球干旱下中国最大淡水湖的证据

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102146

Xihua Wang , Zejun Liu , Y. Jun Xu , Boyang Mao , Shunqing Jia

Extreme drought poses a significant threat to humanity. In the summer of 2022, the world experienced the worst drought in recent years, with a precipitation deficit and an abnormal high temperature, profoundly affecting human life and the aquatic environment. However, the drought influence on large freshwater lakes remains unclear. In this study, we selected China’s largest freshwater lake (Poyang Lake) as the research object and investigated the lake water area, quantity, lake morphology and water quality in 2018 (normal season) and 2022 (extreme drought period). Results showed that standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized runoff index (SRI) and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) reached moderate to severe drought in the summer of 2022. From 2018 to 2022, lake water area decreased (1789.62 km²), water quantity reduced (15.40 × 10⁹ m³) and lake shoreline decreased (2923.70 km). The shoreline development index, size ratio and energy factor decreased by 4.87, 198.53 m and 963.60, specifically. The dynamic ratio, relative depth and Schindler’s ratio increased by 1457.10, 0.04 and 13.48 m⁻¹, respectively. The water chemical indicators varied significantly in two years and the water hydrochemical types changed from SO₄·Cl − Ca·Mg type and HCO₃ − Ca·Mg type to SO₄·Cl − Ca·Mg type from 2018 to 2022. Water-rock interaction, alternating cation adsorption and anthropogenic influence on water quality represented different patterns in two periods. Our findings demonstrate significant differences in water resources and quality between common and extreme drought conditions in China’s largest fresh water lake, which can inform research on climate change effects on international large freshwater lakes.

极端干旱对人类构成重大威胁。2022年夏季，全球经历了近年来最严重的干旱，降水不足，气温异常高，深刻影响了人类生活和水生环境。然而，干旱对大型淡水湖的影响尚不清楚。本研究以中国最大的淡水湖鄱阳湖为研究对象，对2018年（正常季节）和2022年（极端干旱期）的湖泊水域面积、数量、湖泊形态和水质进行了调查。结果表明：2022年夏季，标准化降水指数（SPI）、标准化径流指数（SRI）和标准化降水-蒸散指数（SPEI）达到中至重度干旱；2018 - 2022年，湖泊水域面积减少1789.62 km2，水量减少15.40 × 109 m3，湖泊岸线减少2923.70 km。岸线发育指数、尺度比和能量因子分别下降4.87、198.53 m和963.60 m。动态比、相对深度和Schindler’s比分别增加了1457.10、0.04和13.48 m−1。水化学指标在两年内变化显著，2018 - 2022年水化学类型由SO4·Cl - Ca·Mg型和HCO3 - Ca·Mg型转变为SO4·Cl - Ca·Mg型。水岩相互作用、交替阳离子吸附和人为对水质的影响在两个时期表现出不同的模式。研究结果表明，中国最大的淡水湖在普通干旱和极端干旱条件下的水资源和水质存在显著差异，为气候变化对国际大型淡水湖的影响研究提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Thermokarst disturbance responses to climate change across the circumpolar permafrost regions from 1990 to 2023 1990 - 2023年环极多年冻土区热岩溶扰动对气候变化的响应

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102147

Ya Liu , Haijun Qiu , Ninglian Wang , Dongdong Yang , Kailiang Zhao , Guoqing Yang , Wenchao Huangfu , Wanqi Luo

Warming climate drives permafrost degradation and forms serious thermokarst disturbances, with significant impacts on geomorphology, hydrology, and ecological processes. However, the long-term monitoring of thermokarst disturbances and their next development remains a challenge across the circumpolar permafrost regions. Here, we calculate six spectral indices from Landsat images to represent greenness, wetness, and brightness, quantifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of thermokarst landscape dynamics and further revealing their development with a warming climate. Additionally, DNMI, NDWI, and NDVI are selected to verify the occurrence and severity of retrogressive thaw slumps, thermokarst lake expansion, and drainage by the LandTrendr algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform. Three major types of thermokarst events show a consistent disturbance year, correlating with the summer temperature increase point around 2000. Their correlation analysis also reveals that the subsequent landscape development of thermokarst disturbances is related to the warming context, showing vegetation greening and soil wetting trends. These findings highlight the dynamic characteristics of thermokarst disturbances from 1990 to 2023, providing a comprehensive understanding of thermokarst development under a changing climate.

气候变暖导致多年冻土退化，形成严重的热岩溶扰动，对地貌、水文和生态过程产生重大影响。然而，对热岩溶扰动及其下一步发展的长期监测仍然是整个极地多年冻土区的一个挑战。在此基础上，我们利用Landsat图像计算了代表绿度、湿度和亮度的6个光谱指数，量化了热岩溶景观动态的时空特征，并进一步揭示了它们随气候变暖的发展。利用谷歌Earth Engine平台上的LandTrendr算法，选择DNMI、NDWI和NDVI来验证退行性融塌、热岩溶湖扩张和排水的发生和严重程度。三种主要热岩溶事件表现出一致的扰动年，与2000年左右的夏季增温点相关。二者的相关分析还表明，热岩溶扰动的后续景观发展与气候变暖背景有关，表现为植被绿化和土壤湿润趋势。这些发现突出了1990 - 2023年热岩溶扰动的动态特征，为全面了解气候变化下的热岩溶发育提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

How energy intensity and global energy dynamics shape renewable energy transition in APEC economies 能源强度和全球能源动态如何影响亚太经合组织经济体的可再生能源转型

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102134

Guixian Tian , Xiang Hua , Danyu Li , Junyi Tian

This study examines the critical factors influencing the adoption of modern renewable energy in selected APEC countries from 1997 to 2023, with a focus on their implications for sustainable development and environmental sustainability. Using dynamic panel data estimation techniques (Arellano–Bond and system dynamic panel-data estimation), we analyze the interplay between energy intensity, world energy balances, economic globalization, and the shadow economy in shaping the share of modern renewables in total final energy consumption. Our results indicate that higher energy intensity reduces renewable energy adoption, reflecting systemic challenges in integrating clean energy into high-demand systems. Conversely, world energy balances and economic globalization enhance renewable energy penetration, driven by decarbonization policies, technological advancements, and cross-border collaboration. Surprisingly, the shadow economy also plays a positive role, suggesting that informal sector activities may facilitate small-scale renewable energy investments. From a sustainability perspective, these findings underscore the need for APEC economies to prioritize energy efficiency, strengthen international cooperation, and implement inclusive policies that support renewable energy transitions. By addressing structural barriers and leveraging globalization, APEC nations can accelerate progress toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Policymakers are encouraged to design targeted interventions, including green financing mechanisms, technology transfer programs, and regulatory incentives, to align economic growth with long-term environmental sustainability.

本研究考察了1997年至2023年间影响APEC国家采用现代可再生能源的关键因素，重点研究了这些因素对可持续发展和环境可持续性的影响。利用动态面板数据估计技术（Arellano-Bond和系统动态面板数据估计），我们分析了能源强度、世界能源平衡、经济全球化和影子经济在塑造现代可再生能源在最终能源消费总量中的份额方面的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，较高的能源强度降低了可再生能源的采用，反映了将清洁能源整合到高需求系统中的系统性挑战。相反，在脱碳政策、技术进步和跨境合作的推动下，世界能源平衡和经济全球化促进了可再生能源的渗透。令人惊讶的是，影子经济也发挥了积极作用，表明非正规部门的活动可能促进小规模的可再生能源投资。从可持续发展的角度来看，这些发现强调了亚太经合组织经济体需要优先考虑能源效率，加强国际合作，实施支持可再生能源转型的包容性政策。通过解决结构性障碍和利用全球化，亚太经合组织国家可以加速实现可持续发展目标，特别是可持续发展目标7（负担得起的清洁能源）和可持续发展目标13（气候行动）。鼓励政策制定者设计有针对性的干预措施，包括绿色融资机制、技术转让项目和监管激励措施，使经济增长与长期环境可持续性保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

Felsic magmatism during Precambrian flat subduction 前寒武纪扁平俯冲期间的长英质岩浆活动

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102133

Alexei L. Perchuk , Vladimir S. Zakharov , Taras V. Gerya , William L. Griffin

The modern Earth’s crust is predominantly preserved in continents, marking a significant shift from early Earth when oceanic crust was far more dominant. The growth of continental crust, composed largely of felsic rocks, began ∼4 billion years ago in the Archean eon. The origins of these felsic rocks and thus the mechanism behind continental crust formation remains debatable, with contrasting tectonic regimes proposed for the Archean. Our new numerical modeling of intraoceanic plate convergence at elevated mantle potential temperatures (150‒200 °C higher than present day) corresponding to the early Earth shows a shallow-dipping (flat) regime of subduction and voluminous felsic magmatism (plutonic and related volcanic) forming a thin felsic crust on top of the overriding oceanic plate. This is in strong contrast to the modern deep and steep subduction regime, which results in notably less generation of both basaltic and felsic magmas. Further modeling shows that during subsequent flat subduction of oceanic crust containing thin felsic domains, these buoyant crustal segments detach from the shallow slab portions. They rise as diapirs through the serpentinised mantle wedge, thereby forming a thick nucleus of continental crust within the oceanic crust of the upper plate. The modeled migration of felsic melts and rocks through the mantle wedge is in agreement with the presence of Precambrian sanukitoids and to some extent by Mg, Ni, and Cr enrichment in rocks from tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suites. Therefore, we conclude that shallow Precambrian subduction likely contributed notably to the formation and recycling of continental crust in Earth’s early history.

现代地壳主要保存在大陆上，这标志着早期地球的重大转变，当时海洋地壳占主导地位。大陆地壳主要由长英质岩石组成，大约在40亿年前的太古宙开始生长。这些长英质岩石的起源以及大陆地壳形成背后的机制仍然存在争议，太古宙的构造体系与之形成了鲜明的对比。我们的新数值模拟表明，在与早期地球相对应的地幔位势温度升高（比现在高150-200°C）的洋内板块收敛过程中，俯冲和大量长英质岩浆活动（深部和相关的火山）形成了覆盖在海洋板块之上的薄长英质地壳。这与现代深陡俯冲形成鲜明对比，现代深陡俯冲导致玄武岩和长英质岩浆的生成明显减少。进一步的模拟表明，在随后包含薄长英质域的海洋地壳的平俯冲过程中，这些浮力地壳段与浅板块部分分离。它们像底辟岩一样通过蛇纹状的地幔楔体上升，从而在板块上部的海洋地壳中形成了一个厚厚的大陆地壳核。长英质熔体和岩石通过地幔楔块的模拟迁移与前寒武纪sanukitoids的存在一致，并在一定程度上与闪长岩-闪长岩-花岗闪长岩（TTG）组中Mg、Ni和Cr的富集一致。因此，我们认为浅层前寒武纪俯冲作用可能对地球早期大陆地壳的形成和再循环起着重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial regulatory mechanisms involved in groundwater arsenic enrichment: Synergistic interactions between key species and genes in C-N-S metabolism 地下水砷富集的微生物调控机制：关键物种与C-N-S代谢基因的协同作用

IF 8.9 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers

Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102132

Jingru Yang , Qiao Li , Ting Chen , Hongfei Tao , Youwei Jiang

Microbially mediated carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) metabolism are core biogeochemical drivers affecting arsenic (As) mobilization and transformation that regulate the formation of high-arsenic groundwater globally. This study determined the microbial molecular mechanisms driving As mobility via coupled C-N-S cycles in the Kuitun River Basin (Xinjiang, China). Metagenomic and geochemical analyses of high-As (HA; >10 μg/L, n = 5) and low-As (LA; ≤10 μg/L, n = 6) samples revealed significant microbial community divergence (analysis of similarities R = 0.67, P = 0.003). Key differential genera included HA-enriched Candidatus Kuenenia and Sulfuritalea as well as the LA-enriched Sphingobium and Novosphingobium. Key functional genes exhibited contrasting As correlations, with negative correlations (katE, cynT, ncd2, ssuABC, and dmdC) in LA-dominant Rhodopseudomonas/Hydrogenophaga/Acinetobacter promoting As³⁺ oxidation, competitive inhibition of As⁵⁺ reduction, and As₂S₃ precipitation; positive correlations (ACO, korA, hao, psrA) in HA-associated Candidatus Kuenenia and Thiobacillus enhanced As⁵⁺ reduction, Fe/Mn oxide dissolution, and thioarsenate formation. Rhodopseudomonas in unconfined aquifers demonstrated a synergistic C-N-S network (katE-ncd2-ssuABC) for efficient As immobilization. These findings enhance the understanding of microbially driven As biogeochemical cycles and provide a theoretical foundation for developing in situ remediation technologies based on microbial metabolic regulation.

微生物介导的碳(C)、氮(N)和硫(S)代谢是影响砷（As）动员和转化的核心生物地球化学驱动因素，从而调节全球高砷地下水的形成。本文研究了新疆奎屯河流域微生物通过C-N-S耦合循环驱动As迁移的分子机制。高砷（HA; >10 μg/L, n = 5）和低砷（LA;≤10 μg/L, n = 6）样品的宏基因组和地球化学分析显示出显著的微生物群落差异（相似性分析R = 0.67, P = 0.003）。主要的差异属包括富ha的Candidatus Kuenenia和sulphitalea，以及富la的Sphingobium和Novosphingobium。关键功能基因表现出不同的As相关性，在la优势的红假单胞菌/食氢菌/不动杆菌促进As3+氧化、竞争性抑制As5+还原和As2S3沉淀中呈负相关（katE、cynT、ncd2、ssuABC和dmdC）；ha相关的Kuenenia和Thiobacillus的正相关（ACO, korA, hao, psrA）增强了As5+还原，Fe/Mn氧化物溶解和硫代砷酸盐的形成。无约束含水层中的红假单胞菌显示出有效固定砷的协同C-N-S网络（katE-ncd2-ssuABC）。这些发现增强了对微生物驱动的砷生物地球化学循环的认识，为开发基于微生物代谢调节的原位修复技术提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0