Rahma Said, Javier Hernández-Losa, Amine Derouiche, Teresa Moline, Rosa Somoza Lopez de Haro, Skander Zouari, Ahlem Blel, Soumaya Rammeh, Slah Ouerhani
Although epithelial–mesenchymal markers play an important role in prostate cancer (PC), further research is needed to better understand their utility in diagnosis, cancer progression prevention, and treatment resistance prediction. Our study included 111 PC patients who underwent transurethral resection, as well as 16 healthy controls. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and Vimentin. We found that E-cadherin and β-catenin were underexpressed in primary PC tissues. E-cadherin expression was found to be inversely associated with prostate-specific antigen progression (PSA-P; serum marker of progression; p = 0.01; |r| = 0.262). Furthermore, the underexpression of two markers, E-cadherin and β-catenin, was found to be associated with advanced tumor stage and grade (p < 0.05). On the other hand, Vimentin was overexpressed in PC patients with a fold change of 2.141, and it was associated with the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (p = 0.002), abiraterone-acid (p = 0.001), and taxanes (p = 0.029). Moreover, the current study highlighted that poor survival could be significantly found in patients who progressed after primary surgery, did not use drugs, and expressed these genes aberrantly. In Cox regression multivariate analysis (p < 0.05), a positive correlation between the Vimentin marker and coronary heart disease in PC patients was identified (p = 0.034). In summary, the present study highlights the diagnostic (p < 0.001), prognostic (p < 0.001), and therapeutic potential of Vimentin in primary PC (p < 0.05), as well as its implications for cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, we confirm the potential prognostic value of E-cadherin and β-catenin.
{"title":"Correlation between E-cadherin/β-catenin, Vimentin expression, clinicopathologic features and drug resistance prediction in naïve prostate cancer: A molecular and clinical study","authors":"Rahma Said, Javier Hernández-Losa, Amine Derouiche, Teresa Moline, Rosa Somoza Lopez de Haro, Skander Zouari, Ahlem Blel, Soumaya Rammeh, Slah Ouerhani","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23543","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23543","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although epithelial–mesenchymal markers play an important role in prostate cancer (PC), further research is needed to better understand their utility in diagnosis, cancer progression prevention, and treatment resistance prediction. Our study included 111 PC patients who underwent transurethral resection, as well as 16 healthy controls. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and Vimentin. We found that E-cadherin and β-catenin were underexpressed in primary PC tissues. E-cadherin expression was found to be inversely associated with prostate-specific antigen progression (PSA-P; serum marker of progression; <i>p</i> = 0.01; |r| = 0.262). Furthermore, the underexpression of two markers, E-cadherin and β-catenin, was found to be associated with advanced tumor stage and grade (<i>p</i> < 0.05). On the other hand, Vimentin was overexpressed in PC patients with a fold change of 2.141, and it was associated with the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (<i>p</i> = 0.002), abiraterone-acid (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and taxanes (<i>p</i> = 0.029). Moreover, the current study highlighted that poor survival could be significantly found in patients who progressed after primary surgery, did not use drugs, and expressed these genes aberrantly. In Cox regression multivariate analysis (<i>p</i> < 0.05), a positive correlation between the Vimentin marker and coronary heart disease in PC patients was identified (<i>p</i> = 0.034). In summary, the present study highlights the diagnostic (<i>p</i> < 0.001), prognostic (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and therapeutic potential of Vimentin in primary PC (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as well as its implications for cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, we confirm the potential prognostic value of E-cadherin and β-catenin.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10122133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A gene regulatory system that directs gene expression at the 32-cell stage","authors":"Miki Tokuoka","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23545","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>I discovered tunicates while attending classes of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates as a Biology student at the University of Padua, Italy. I was fascinated by the evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) approach while I was analyzing vertebrate adaptations looking at their sister group, the simple tunicates. I graduated in 1988 and subsequently entered my university's graduate program in Bioscience. In 1993, I obtained my PhD Degree in Evolutionary Biology. I owe a great debt of gratitude to my mentors, Prof. Paolo Burighel and Prof. Giovanna Zaniolo, who instilled in me a passion for tunicate research, a rigorous scientific working method, and above all a commitment to intellectual honesty in interpreting literature-based results, which I consider their most important lesson. In 1998, I became a junior faculty in my University, and in 2010 I was promoted to associate professor. Currently, I teach Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates and Eco-Evo-Devo and I am a member of the faculty of the graduate school in Biosciences. Over the course of 25 years of my academic life, I have had the opportunity to work as visiting scientist at the Universitè Paris XI (France), at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington (USA), and at Stanford University (USA). I have been also collaborating with members of the global tunicate research community and enjoy meeting them at the biannual International Tunicate Meetings.</p><p>My research activities have primarily centered around the colonial ascidian <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i>, which I can easily collect in the Southern Lagoon of Venice, near the city of Chioggia, where the Hydrobiological Station of my University is located (Figure 1). I love this animal for its unique stem-cell based asexual cycle and its regenerative ability (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>; Manni et al., <span>2007</span>, <span>2014</span>, <span>2019</span>; Vanni et al., <span>2022</span>). The weekly resorption of adult zooids, synchronized with the maturation of their buds, offers a valuable opportunity to study the homeostatic relationships between zooid generations, their degeneration and aging, and the developmental and regenerative capabilities of new buds under different environmental conditions. Through my work with <i>B. schlosseri</i>, I contributed to the description of a novel tunicate sensory organ, the coronal organ, whose cells are homologous to vertebrate hair cells (Burighel et al., <span>2003</span>; Rigon et al., <span>2017</span>). This discovery has led to the reinterpretation of certain tunicate embryonic territories, now considered homologous to vertebrate placodes, and has prompted a revision of the vertebrate origin theory (Manni et al., <span>2004</span>). Coronal cells are fascinating mechanoreceptors that are currently the focus of my investigations, as they represent a possible target of underwater noise pollution. I am coordinating an international European consortium financed by the Eur
{"title":"The colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri: A key species for evolutionary developmental studies","authors":"Lucia Manni","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23544","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23544","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I discovered tunicates while attending classes of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates as a Biology student at the University of Padua, Italy. I was fascinated by the evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) approach while I was analyzing vertebrate adaptations looking at their sister group, the simple tunicates. I graduated in 1988 and subsequently entered my university's graduate program in Bioscience. In 1993, I obtained my PhD Degree in Evolutionary Biology. I owe a great debt of gratitude to my mentors, Prof. Paolo Burighel and Prof. Giovanna Zaniolo, who instilled in me a passion for tunicate research, a rigorous scientific working method, and above all a commitment to intellectual honesty in interpreting literature-based results, which I consider their most important lesson. In 1998, I became a junior faculty in my University, and in 2010 I was promoted to associate professor. Currently, I teach Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates and Eco-Evo-Devo and I am a member of the faculty of the graduate school in Biosciences. Over the course of 25 years of my academic life, I have had the opportunity to work as visiting scientist at the Universitè Paris XI (France), at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington (USA), and at Stanford University (USA). I have been also collaborating with members of the global tunicate research community and enjoy meeting them at the biannual International Tunicate Meetings.</p><p>My research activities have primarily centered around the colonial ascidian <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i>, which I can easily collect in the Southern Lagoon of Venice, near the city of Chioggia, where the Hydrobiological Station of my University is located (Figure 1). I love this animal for its unique stem-cell based asexual cycle and its regenerative ability (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>; Manni et al., <span>2007</span>, <span>2014</span>, <span>2019</span>; Vanni et al., <span>2022</span>). The weekly resorption of adult zooids, synchronized with the maturation of their buds, offers a valuable opportunity to study the homeostatic relationships between zooid generations, their degeneration and aging, and the developmental and regenerative capabilities of new buds under different environmental conditions. Through my work with <i>B. schlosseri</i>, I contributed to the description of a novel tunicate sensory organ, the coronal organ, whose cells are homologous to vertebrate hair cells (Burighel et al., <span>2003</span>; Rigon et al., <span>2017</span>). This discovery has led to the reinterpretation of certain tunicate embryonic territories, now considered homologous to vertebrate placodes, and has prompted a revision of the vertebrate origin theory (Manni et al., <span>2004</span>). Coronal cells are fascinating mechanoreceptors that are currently the focus of my investigations, as they represent a possible target of underwater noise pollution. I am coordinating an international European consortium financed by the Eur","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Gretchen Lambert (nee Shapiro) was born in Duluth, Minnesota, USA in 1941, and spent a large portion of her childhood at a wilderness fly-in fishing and hunting resort in Ontario, Canada. Her interest in marine biology was ignited in the 1950s when she visited the Florida Keys with her father. Lambert earned her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Minnesota in Zoology in 1963 (<i>magna cum laude</i>). From 1964 to 1965, Lambert worked at the University of Miami Institute of Marine Science in Miami, Florida, USA. In 1965, she moved to the University of Washington to start her Master's Degree in Zoology, which she obtained in 1967. She worked with the influential marine ecologist Robert Paine. During her time at the University of Washington, she met Charles Lambert, who became her partner in life and research. Very early on, Charles convinced her of the experimental advantages of ascidians as research animals. From 1970 to 1998, she and Charles worked at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). Gretchen was a lecturer, a museum coordinator, a laboratory coordinator for introductory biology, a research associate and a senior research associate. She and Charles worked closely together on ascidian ecology and development.</p><p>In 1998, she and Charles retired from CSUF and moved to Seattle, Washington, USA. After retirement, the couple continued their research unabated. For most of the 2000s, they spent every summer at the Friday Harbor Laboratories in Washington State, USA. During the spring, summer and fall they worked on manuscripts together. In the 2000s, Gretchen took on an increasing number of leadership positions at the Friday Harbor Laboratories. She co-organized the International Tunicata Meeting twice, and has participated several times in the International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference and the International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions. Lambert has also been an instrumental editor of WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species), which is the definitive species list for ascidians. Since 1975, she has written “Ascidian News” twice a year. “Ascidian News” provides the ascidian community with research updates, conference abstracts, and citations for new publications.</p><p>For the last 45 years, Lambert has been one of the world's most active ascidian taxonomists. She has done taxonomic consulting for the Coral Reef Research Foundation, the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and fisheries departments in Australia, Canada, Singapore, and the United States. She has been on 21 taxonomic expeditions since 2003, focusing on the Eastern Pacific region but also in Guam, the Northeastern U.S., Florida, the Gulf Coast, the Caribbean, the English Channel and Singapore. Since 2001, she has organized and taught at least 25 workshops, training hundreds of researchers in ascidian taxonomy and identification. Lambert has closely mentored Jenn Dijkstra, a Research Associate Professor at the University of New Hampshire, and Lauren Stefan
{"title":"Gretchen Lambert: taxonomist, explorer, and historian of the ascidian community. Active: 1968-present","authors":"Marie L. Nydam","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23540","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23540","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gretchen Lambert (nee Shapiro) was born in Duluth, Minnesota, USA in 1941, and spent a large portion of her childhood at a wilderness fly-in fishing and hunting resort in Ontario, Canada. Her interest in marine biology was ignited in the 1950s when she visited the Florida Keys with her father. Lambert earned her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Minnesota in Zoology in 1963 (<i>magna cum laude</i>). From 1964 to 1965, Lambert worked at the University of Miami Institute of Marine Science in Miami, Florida, USA. In 1965, she moved to the University of Washington to start her Master's Degree in Zoology, which she obtained in 1967. She worked with the influential marine ecologist Robert Paine. During her time at the University of Washington, she met Charles Lambert, who became her partner in life and research. Very early on, Charles convinced her of the experimental advantages of ascidians as research animals. From 1970 to 1998, she and Charles worked at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). Gretchen was a lecturer, a museum coordinator, a laboratory coordinator for introductory biology, a research associate and a senior research associate. She and Charles worked closely together on ascidian ecology and development.</p><p>In 1998, she and Charles retired from CSUF and moved to Seattle, Washington, USA. After retirement, the couple continued their research unabated. For most of the 2000s, they spent every summer at the Friday Harbor Laboratories in Washington State, USA. During the spring, summer and fall they worked on manuscripts together. In the 2000s, Gretchen took on an increasing number of leadership positions at the Friday Harbor Laboratories. She co-organized the International Tunicata Meeting twice, and has participated several times in the International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference and the International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions. Lambert has also been an instrumental editor of WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species), which is the definitive species list for ascidians. Since 1975, she has written “Ascidian News” twice a year. “Ascidian News” provides the ascidian community with research updates, conference abstracts, and citations for new publications.</p><p>For the last 45 years, Lambert has been one of the world's most active ascidian taxonomists. She has done taxonomic consulting for the Coral Reef Research Foundation, the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and fisheries departments in Australia, Canada, Singapore, and the United States. She has been on 21 taxonomic expeditions since 2003, focusing on the Eastern Pacific region but also in Guam, the Northeastern U.S., Florida, the Gulf Coast, the Caribbean, the English Channel and Singapore. Since 2001, she has organized and taught at least 25 workshops, training hundreds of researchers in ascidian taxonomy and identification. Lambert has closely mentored Jenn Dijkstra, a Research Associate Professor at the University of New Hampshire, and Lauren Stefan","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10414447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building hearts for undergraduate research with tunicates","authors":"Heather J. Evans Anderson","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23535","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10006532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>I earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Evolution and Ecology (<i>summa cum laude</i>) from the University of California, Davis. At UC Davis, I worked with Jay Stachowicz to understand the recruitment patterns of fouling invertebrates and the role of predators in fouling community structure. At this time, I was introduced to ascidians because they were important members of the fouling community. I transitioned to evolutionary biology for my PhD at Cornell University, working with Rick Harrison on speciation and phylogenetics in the solitary ascidian genus <i>Ciona</i> (Nydam & Harrison, <span>2010</span>). I chose this genus because <i>Ciona robusta</i> was the only species in the fouling community with a sequenced genome. For my postdoctoral work at the University of California, Santa Barbara in the laboratory of Tony De Tomaso, I focused on the evolution of allorecognition in <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> (Nydam, Taylor, & De Tomaso, <span>2013</span>).</p><p>Since 2012, I have been teaching and mentoring students in ascidian research at small liberal arts colleges: Centre College in Danville, KY, USA from 2012 to 2019 and Soka University of America in Aliso Viejo, CA, USA from 2019 to present. I have mentored ~20 female research students during this time, many of whom are co-authors on my publications. I have particularly enjoyed taking my students on collecting trips in England, France, Spain, and Florida.</p><p>While I have continued my work with <i>Ciona</i> introgression and <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> allorecognition since becoming a faculty member (Nydam et al., <span>2017</span>; Nydam, Giesbrecht, & Stephenson, <span>2017</span>; Nydam, Stephenson, Waldman, & De Tomaso, <span>2017</span>), I have also developed four new research areas, all with female collaborators. First, building on the work of Gretchen and Charles Lambert, I compared the ascidian community composition in California and Florida marinas at two time points, ~20 years apart (Nichols, Lambert, & Nydam, <span>2023</span>; Nydam, Nichols, & Lambert, <span>2022</span>), and I continue to survey the ascidian communities in southern California with a particular emphasis on identifying newly arrived species (Nydam, Stefaniak, Lambert, Counts, & López-Legentil, <span>2022</span>; Figure 1). Second, I have worked with Lilian Palomino Alvarez and Rosana Rocha to describe 13 new species of ascidians in Mexico (Palomino-Alvarez, Nydam, Rocha, & Simoes, <span>2022</span>). Third, with C. Sarah Cohen and Carmela Gissi I created well-supported phylogenomic trees of the ascidian genera <i>Botrylloides</i> and <i>Botryllus</i>, generating new phylogenomic markers for these groups in the process (Nydam et al., <span>2021</span>; Nydam et al., 2023, in review; Figure 2). These trees are now being used to study the evolution of allorecognition in this group (Nydam et al., 2023, submitted for publication). Finally, I have received a grant from the National
{"title":"Ascidian evolution and ecology","authors":"Marie L. Nydam","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23541","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Evolution and Ecology (<i>summa cum laude</i>) from the University of California, Davis. At UC Davis, I worked with Jay Stachowicz to understand the recruitment patterns of fouling invertebrates and the role of predators in fouling community structure. At this time, I was introduced to ascidians because they were important members of the fouling community. I transitioned to evolutionary biology for my PhD at Cornell University, working with Rick Harrison on speciation and phylogenetics in the solitary ascidian genus <i>Ciona</i> (Nydam & Harrison, <span>2010</span>). I chose this genus because <i>Ciona robusta</i> was the only species in the fouling community with a sequenced genome. For my postdoctoral work at the University of California, Santa Barbara in the laboratory of Tony De Tomaso, I focused on the evolution of allorecognition in <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> (Nydam, Taylor, & De Tomaso, <span>2013</span>).</p><p>Since 2012, I have been teaching and mentoring students in ascidian research at small liberal arts colleges: Centre College in Danville, KY, USA from 2012 to 2019 and Soka University of America in Aliso Viejo, CA, USA from 2019 to present. I have mentored ~20 female research students during this time, many of whom are co-authors on my publications. I have particularly enjoyed taking my students on collecting trips in England, France, Spain, and Florida.</p><p>While I have continued my work with <i>Ciona</i> introgression and <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> allorecognition since becoming a faculty member (Nydam et al., <span>2017</span>; Nydam, Giesbrecht, & Stephenson, <span>2017</span>; Nydam, Stephenson, Waldman, & De Tomaso, <span>2017</span>), I have also developed four new research areas, all with female collaborators. First, building on the work of Gretchen and Charles Lambert, I compared the ascidian community composition in California and Florida marinas at two time points, ~20 years apart (Nichols, Lambert, & Nydam, <span>2023</span>; Nydam, Nichols, & Lambert, <span>2022</span>), and I continue to survey the ascidian communities in southern California with a particular emphasis on identifying newly arrived species (Nydam, Stefaniak, Lambert, Counts, & López-Legentil, <span>2022</span>; Figure 1). Second, I have worked with Lilian Palomino Alvarez and Rosana Rocha to describe 13 new species of ascidians in Mexico (Palomino-Alvarez, Nydam, Rocha, & Simoes, <span>2022</span>). Third, with C. Sarah Cohen and Carmela Gissi I created well-supported phylogenomic trees of the ascidian genera <i>Botrylloides</i> and <i>Botryllus</i>, generating new phylogenomic markers for these groups in the process (Nydam et al., <span>2021</span>; Nydam et al., 2023, in review; Figure 2). These trees are now being used to study the evolution of allorecognition in this group (Nydam et al., 2023, submitted for publication). Finally, I have received a grant from the National ","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10381116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathaniel L. Lartey, Martijn van der Ent, Roxann Alonzo, Di Chen, Philip D. King
Classical collagen type IV comprising of a heterotrimer of two collagen IV alpha 1 chains and one collagen IV alpha 2 chain is the principal type of collagen synthesized by endothelial cells (EC) and is a major constituent of vascular basement membranes. In mouse and man, mutations in genes that encode collagen IV alpha 1 and alpha 2 result in vascular dysfunction. In addition, mutations in genes that encode the Ephrin receptor B4 (EPHB4) and the p120 Ras GTPase-activating protein (RASA1) that cause increased activation of the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in EC result in vascular dysfunction as a consequence of impaired export of collagen IV. To understand the pathogenesis of collagen IV-related vascular diseases and phenotypes it is necessary to identify at which times collagen IV is actively synthesized by EC. For this purpose, we used CRISPR/Cas9 targeting in mice to include immediately after the terminal Col4a1 codon a sequence that specifies a P2A peptide followed by enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Analysis of eGFP expression in Col4a1-P2A-eGFP mice revealed active embryonic EC synthesis of collagen IV alpha 1 through mid to late gestation followed by a sharp decline before birth. These results provide a contextual framework for understanding the basis for the varied vascular abnormalities resulting from perturbation of EC expression and export of functional collagen IV.
{"title":"A temporally-restricted pattern of endothelial cell collagen 4 alpha 1 expression during embryonic development determined with a novel knockin Col4a1-P2A-eGFP mouse line","authors":"Nathaniel L. Lartey, Martijn van der Ent, Roxann Alonzo, Di Chen, Philip D. King","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23539","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23539","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Classical collagen type IV comprising of a heterotrimer of two collagen IV alpha 1 chains and one collagen IV alpha 2 chain is the principal type of collagen synthesized by endothelial cells (EC) and is a major constituent of vascular basement membranes. In mouse and man, mutations in genes that encode collagen IV alpha 1 and alpha 2 result in vascular dysfunction. In addition, mutations in genes that encode the Ephrin receptor B4 (EPHB4) and the p120 Ras GTPase-activating protein (RASA1) that cause increased activation of the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in EC result in vascular dysfunction as a consequence of impaired export of collagen IV. To understand the pathogenesis of collagen IV-related vascular diseases and phenotypes it is necessary to identify at which times collagen IV is actively synthesized by EC. For this purpose, we used CRISPR/Cas9 targeting in mice to include immediately after the terminal <i>Col4a1</i> codon a sequence that specifies a P2A peptide followed by enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Analysis of eGFP expression in <i>Col4a1-P2A-eGFP</i> mice revealed active embryonic EC synthesis of collagen IV alpha 1 through mid to late gestation followed by a sharp decline before birth. These results provide a contextual framework for understanding the basis for the varied vascular abnormalities resulting from perturbation of EC expression and export of functional collagen IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10259891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vineet K. Maurya, Yan Ying, Denise G. Lanza, Jason D. Heaney, John P. Lydon
Cover illustration: The cover image is based on the Technical Note A CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mouse carrying a conditional knockout allele for the early growth response-1 transcription factor by Vineet K. Maurya et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23515.
封面插图:封面图片基于技术说明:携带早期生长反应-1转录因子条件敲除等位基因的CRISPR/ cas9工程小鼠(Vineet K. Maurya et al.， https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23515)。
{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 61, Issue 3–4","authors":"Vineet K. Maurya, Yan Ying, Denise G. Lanza, Jason D. Heaney, John P. Lydon","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23538","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cover illustration:</b> The cover image is based on the Technical Note <i>A CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mouse carrying a conditional knockout allele for the early growth response-1 transcription factor</i> by Vineet K. Maurya et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23515.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47582984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>I studied Biochemistry and Genetics for my BSc, due to my keen interest in molecular biology. For my Hons and then PhD I studied, delving into exploring a sigma factor: a gene regulatory protein involved in infection and virulence in the pathogenic bacteria <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.</p><p>My journey into developmental biology was rooted in personal curiosity. During my PhD, I sought to understand my brother's genetic disorder, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), which manifests in benign tumor growth affecting various organ systems such as the kidney, brain, and skin. The puzzling occurrence of tumors in specific organs and the significant variability of symptoms among individuals drove me to delve into the field of developmental biology.</p><p>This led me to take a new path for a Post-doctoral position, as I joined the group of developmental biologist Prof Peter Koopman at the Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Australia. There, I studied the molecular genetics of mammalian gonad development.</p><p>Subsequently, I returned to Otago in 2005 as a Postdoctoral Fellow, focusing on evolution and development. Under the mentorship of Professor Peter Dearden, I expanded my research interests to encompass gene regulation, development, and their evolutionary context, employing honeybee and <i>Drosophila</i> models.</p><p>Originally, I was planning to study the evolution of developmental genes using <i>Ciona</i>. Ascidians, representing the closest invertebrate group to the vertebrate lineage, offer valuable insights into the evolution of developmental pathways in early vertebrates (Heenan et al., <span>2016</span>). While visiting a marine institute in Nelson, I was introduced to <i>Botrylloides</i> and their impressive ability to regenerate a whole new adult from a small fragment of the vascular tunic in a short time (Figure 1).</p><p>Our research focuses on understanding the mechanisms that drive regenerative processes in a chordate model, specifically <i>Botrylloides</i>. We started by exploring the molecular pathways involved in whole-body regeneration through de novo transcriptome analysis (Figure 2; Zondag et al., <span>2016</span>; Meier & Wilson, <span>2022</span>). We then sequenced and annotated the genome to expand our knowledge of tunicate genome characteristics and evolutionary relationships (Blanchoud, Rutherford, et al., <span>2018</span>). Additionally, we are studying the role of epigenetic regulation in whole-body regeneration and have found that histone deacetylase activity is essential for the regenerative process (Figure 2; Zondag et al., <span>2019</span>).</p><p>More recently, we have utilized genomics tools, such as single-cell and ATAC sequencing, to unravel the intricate control of gene regulation during the regenerative process. Our work has been funded by the University of Otago Research Grant, Dean's bequest grant, and the Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund.</p><p>One of the most fu
{"title":"The molecular basis of ascidian whole body regeneration","authors":"Megan J. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23537","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I studied Biochemistry and Genetics for my BSc, due to my keen interest in molecular biology. For my Hons and then PhD I studied, delving into exploring a sigma factor: a gene regulatory protein involved in infection and virulence in the pathogenic bacteria <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.</p><p>My journey into developmental biology was rooted in personal curiosity. During my PhD, I sought to understand my brother's genetic disorder, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), which manifests in benign tumor growth affecting various organ systems such as the kidney, brain, and skin. The puzzling occurrence of tumors in specific organs and the significant variability of symptoms among individuals drove me to delve into the field of developmental biology.</p><p>This led me to take a new path for a Post-doctoral position, as I joined the group of developmental biologist Prof Peter Koopman at the Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Australia. There, I studied the molecular genetics of mammalian gonad development.</p><p>Subsequently, I returned to Otago in 2005 as a Postdoctoral Fellow, focusing on evolution and development. Under the mentorship of Professor Peter Dearden, I expanded my research interests to encompass gene regulation, development, and their evolutionary context, employing honeybee and <i>Drosophila</i> models.</p><p>Originally, I was planning to study the evolution of developmental genes using <i>Ciona</i>. Ascidians, representing the closest invertebrate group to the vertebrate lineage, offer valuable insights into the evolution of developmental pathways in early vertebrates (Heenan et al., <span>2016</span>). While visiting a marine institute in Nelson, I was introduced to <i>Botrylloides</i> and their impressive ability to regenerate a whole new adult from a small fragment of the vascular tunic in a short time (Figure 1).</p><p>Our research focuses on understanding the mechanisms that drive regenerative processes in a chordate model, specifically <i>Botrylloides</i>. We started by exploring the molecular pathways involved in whole-body regeneration through de novo transcriptome analysis (Figure 2; Zondag et al., <span>2016</span>; Meier & Wilson, <span>2022</span>). We then sequenced and annotated the genome to expand our knowledge of tunicate genome characteristics and evolutionary relationships (Blanchoud, Rutherford, et al., <span>2018</span>). Additionally, we are studying the role of epigenetic regulation in whole-body regeneration and have found that histone deacetylase activity is essential for the regenerative process (Figure 2; Zondag et al., <span>2019</span>).</p><p>More recently, we have utilized genomics tools, such as single-cell and ATAC sequencing, to unravel the intricate control of gene regulation during the regenerative process. Our work has been funded by the University of Otago Research Grant, Dean's bequest grant, and the Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund.</p><p>One of the most fu","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10029937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I obtained my PhD in Zoology in 2005 studying the biology and ecology of Mediterranean ascidians at both the University of Barcelona (UB; Spain) and the University of Perpignan (France). In 2006, I obtained a Fulbright postdoctoral fellowship to continue my studies at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW; USA). I returned to Spain in 2010 and joined the faculty at UB. While there, my husband Dr. Patrick Erwin (microbiologist) and I created the iMESA Lab, which stands for “integrated Molecular Ecology of Sponges and Ascidians.” A few years later, we returned to UNCW and continued the iMESA Lab work (Figure 1). Most recently, research at the iMESA Lab has focused on biological invasions (Figure 2).
Ascidians are ideally suited for the study of introduction processes because they rely on anthropogenic transport for their long-distance dispersal. There are many successfully introduced ascidians worldwide (e.g., López-Legentil* et al. 2015, Villalobos* et al. 2017, Streit* et al. 2021, Nydam* et al. 2022). Some of their success has been ascribed to rapid growth and high reproductive outputs (Pineda* et al. 2013); however, ascidians also have hidden microbial allies. Historically, most studies of microbial symbionts in ascidians focused on cyanobacteria, until pioneering work at the iMESA Lab provided the most comprehensive characterization of the ascidian microbiome (Erwin et al. 2014). This study revealed exceptional microbial biodiversity inhabiting the ascidian tunic and a high degree of host-specificity (Erwin et al. 2014).
Furthermore, microbial symbionts may play a major role in facilitating the establishment of their hosts in a new habitat (Evans et al. 2017, 2018, Goddard-Dwyer* et al. 2021). For example, we showed that microbiomes in a native ascidian differed across natural (reef) and artificial (harbor) habitats, while a non-native ascidian hosted stable microbial symbiont communities that may allow them to thrive in a wider range of habitats (Evans et al. 2018). Across larger distances (inter-continental), spatial variation manifested in compositional and structural changes to the microbiome (beta-diversity) rather than changes in symbiont richness and evenness (alpha-diversity; Goddard-Dwyer* et al. 2021, López-Legentil* et al. 2023). Moreover, the comparative influence of host and location on microbiome similarity differed between colonial and solitary ascidians, with colonial ascidians hosting less diverse microbiomes but with greater distinctions from the seawater bacterioplankton than their solitary counterparts (López-Legentil* et al. 2023). Further research will focus on achieving a greater understanding of the ascidian microbiome and its contributions to host invasiveness potential and evolution.
{"title":"Ascidians and their microbial symbionts","authors":"Susanna López-Legentil","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23534","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23534","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I obtained my PhD in Zoology in 2005 studying the biology and ecology of Mediterranean ascidians at both the University of Barcelona (UB; Spain) and the University of Perpignan (France). In 2006, I obtained a Fulbright postdoctoral fellowship to continue my studies at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW; USA). I returned to Spain in 2010 and joined the faculty at UB. While there, my husband Dr. Patrick Erwin (microbiologist) and I created the iMESA Lab, which stands for “integrated Molecular Ecology of Sponges and Ascidians.” A few years later, we returned to UNCW and continued the iMESA Lab work (Figure 1). Most recently, research at the iMESA Lab has focused on biological invasions (Figure 2).</p><p>Ascidians are ideally suited for the study of introduction processes because they rely on anthropogenic transport for their long-distance dispersal. There are many successfully introduced ascidians worldwide (e.g., López-Legentil* et al. <span>2015</span>, Villalobos* et al. <span>2017</span>, Streit* et al. <span>2021</span>, Nydam* et al. <span>2022</span>). Some of their success has been ascribed to rapid growth and high reproductive outputs (Pineda* et al. <span>2013</span>); however, ascidians also have hidden microbial allies. Historically, most studies of microbial symbionts in ascidians focused on cyanobacteria, until pioneering work at the iMESA Lab provided the most comprehensive characterization of the ascidian microbiome (Erwin et al. <span>2014</span>). This study revealed exceptional microbial biodiversity inhabiting the ascidian tunic and a high degree of host-specificity (Erwin et al. <span>2014</span>).</p><p>Furthermore, microbial symbionts may play a major role in facilitating the establishment of their hosts in a new habitat (Evans et al. <span>2017</span>, <span>2018</span>, Goddard-Dwyer* et al. <span>2021</span>). For example, we showed that microbiomes in a native ascidian differed across natural (reef) and artificial (harbor) habitats, while a non-native ascidian hosted stable microbial symbiont communities that may allow them to thrive in a wider range of habitats (Evans et al. <span>2018</span>). Across larger distances (inter-continental), spatial variation manifested in compositional and structural changes to the microbiome (beta-diversity) rather than changes in symbiont richness and evenness (alpha-diversity; Goddard-Dwyer* et al. <span>2021</span>, López-Legentil* et al. <span>2023</span>). Moreover, the comparative influence of host and location on microbiome similarity differed between colonial and solitary ascidians, with colonial ascidians hosting less diverse microbiomes but with greater distinctions from the seawater bacterioplankton than their solitary counterparts (López-Legentil* et al. <span>2023</span>). Further research will focus on achieving a greater understanding of the ascidian microbiome and its contributions to host invasiveness potential and evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9834345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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