Gondwana Research最新文献_第10页

International Association for Gondwana Research 2026 Convention, the 23rd International Conference on Gondwana to Asia and International Conference on Tectonics of South East Asia (ICTSEA2026), Chiang Mai University, Thailand 国际冈瓦纳研究协会2026年会，第23届冈瓦纳至亚洲国际会议暨东南亚构造国际会议（ICTSEA2026），泰国清迈大学

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.003

Weerapan Srichan

引用次数: 0

Seismically triggered anoxia and brine spillover during the CE 365 Crete mega-earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean Sea 在东地中海的ce365克里特岛大地震中，地震引发了缺氧和盐水溢出

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.016

A. Polonia , A. Asioli , L. Ferraro , E. Colizza , F. Corticelli , G.J. de Lange , A. Gallerani , G. Gasparotto , L. Gasperini , G. Giorgetti , V. La Cono , G. La Spada , T. Tesi , M. Yakimov

The Hellenic Arc subduction system hosts unique brine-filled depressions that represent the world’s deepest and most hypersaline basins currently characterized by anoxic sedimentation and gypsum precipitation. Their origin is intimately linked to active tectonics and to the presence of Messinian evaporites in the sub-seafloor, but the formation processes are not fully understood. Understanding how they developed and the triggering mechanism for brine formation can provide valuable information about their evolution and the past history of such extreme environments on Earth and extraterrestrial analogues.

We conducted sediment coring and direct sampling of the brine lake Hephaestus to reconstruct the sedimentary and environmental characteristics of the basin. We found that the basin preserves a stratigraphy spanning at least 200 kyr and contains a combination of pelagic sediment and resedimented deposits. Sediment stratigraphy records the transition from oxic sediment at the core bottom to recent anoxic conditions marked by black viscous sediment. This transition is punctuated by multi-sourced slumped material that was emplaced during a catastrophic event capable of simultaneously triggering deep sea slope failures and turbidity currents from the coastal environment. Radiometric dating and age modeling suggest that sediment anoxia resulted from catastrophic sediment remobilization that occurred sometime in the time interval CE 155-439. This is consistent with the CE 365 M>8 Crete earthquake and related mega-tsunami. We propose that seismic shaking triggered slope failures, turbidity currents and large-amplitude waves of the brine interface in the neighboring anoxic Kryos basin with brine spillover from one basin into deep depression(s).

希腊弧俯冲系统拥有独特的充满盐水的凹陷，代表了目前以缺氧沉积和石膏沉淀为特征的世界上最深和高盐盆地。它们的起源与活动构造和海底存在的墨西尼亚蒸发岩密切相关，但其形成过程尚不完全清楚。了解它们是如何形成的，以及盐水形成的触发机制，可以为它们的进化以及地球和地外类似极端环境的过去历史提供有价值的信息。

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引用次数: 0

BRICS cooperation and ecological sustainability: Unveiling the roles of energy transition, technological innovation, and globalization 金砖国家合作与生态可持续性：揭示能源转型、技术创新和全球化的作用

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.024

Jialiang Wu , Xi Xu , Weihao Wang , Jikun Jiang , Yawei Xue , Ling Jiang

Although BRICS cooperation, a prominent example of South-South collaboration among major emerging economies, has been recognized for its contributions to economic growth, its environmental implications remain relatively underexplored. This study employs a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to investigate the causal impact of BRICS cooperation on the ecological footprint (EF) of member countries, utilizing panel data spanning 1990–2020 from 24 nations. Specifically, this study treats 5 original BRICS members as an experimental group, and uses 5 newly admitted BRICS + members and 14 countries that have applied to join BRICS as a control group. Comprehensive robustness checks, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, and alternative model specifications, substantiate the findings. A mechanism analysis further explores the impact pathways through three key channels: energy transition, technological innovation, and globalization. Key findings indicate that: (1) BRICS cooperation causally reduces the EF of its member countries. (2) The cooperation facilitates EF reduction by promoting renewable and nuclear energy generation, although persistent structural dependence on fossil fuels constrains ecological gains. (3) Indigenous innovation capacity enhances the EF-reducing effects of BRICS cooperation. However, while cooperation facilitates technology introduction, it can also enable the diffusion of technologies prioritizing traditional growth over ecological sustainability, thereby leading to an increase in EF. (4) BRICS cooperation significantly promotes the globalization of member countries, which contributes to EF reduction. These findings suggest that BRICS should strategically leverage the ecological co-benefits of its cooperation, actively work to overcome fossil fuel dependence, and establish robust green technology screening and assessment mechanisms to foster sustainable resource management and environmental protection.

金砖国家合作是主要新兴经济体之间南南合作的突出范例，其对经济增长的贡献已得到公认，但其对环境的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究采用交错差中差（DID）模型，利用1990年至2020年来自24个国家的面板数据，研究金砖国家合作对成员国生态足迹（EF）的因果影响。具体而言，本研究以5个金砖国家原有成员为实验组，以5个新加入金砖国家+和14个已申请加入金砖国家为对照组。综合稳健性检查，包括平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验和替代模型规范，证实了研究结果。机制分析进一步探讨了能源转型、技术创新和全球化三个关键渠道的影响路径。主要研究结果表明：(1)金砖国家合作导致成员国经济增加值下降。(2)尽管对化石燃料的持续结构性依赖限制了生态效益，但合作通过促进可再生能源和核能发电，促进了环境污染的减少。(3)自主创新能力增强了金砖国家合作的减排效果。然而，虽然合作促进了技术的引进，但它也可以使优先考虑传统增长而不是生态可持续性的技术得以传播，从而导致生态资源的增加。(4)金砖合作显著促进了成员国的全球化，有助于减少温室气体排放。这些研究结果表明，金砖国家应战略性地利用合作的生态效益，积极努力克服对化石燃料的依赖，建立健全的绿色技术筛选和评估机制，促进可持续资源管理和环境保护。

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引用次数: 0

Early evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean: Constraints from Permo-Triassic flysch deposits 中特提斯海洋的早期演化：来自二叠纪-三叠纪复理石沉积的制约

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.025

Si-Lin Sun , Jian-Jun Fan , Bo-Chuan Zhang , Jia-Wei Bai , Xin-Yu Hou , Yang Wang , Li-Qiang Zhang

Reconstructing the early evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean is crucial for understanding the nature of this ocean and the tectonic dynamics of the broader Tethys domain. However, limited sedimentary data—especially the lack of early semi-abyssal to deep-ocean basin sediments—has left the early tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean poorly understood. This study takes the Mugagangri Group in the Gerze area, the middle section of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, as the research object, and conducts systematic studies on its petrology, petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and monazite U-Pb geochronology. The results confirm the presence of Middle Triassic flysch deposits, sourced from the South Qiangtang terrane on the northern margin of the Meso-Tethys Ocean. Building on these results, we conduct a comprehensive statistical analysis of relevant studies on Mugagangri Group in the Gerze area. Given the notable differences in detrital zircon characteristics and the newly identified features of Middle Triassic flysch, we propose the existence of Permian-Triassic flysch in the middle section of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone. We further classify the flysch depositional ages in the Gerze area into four groups: Permian–Early Triassic, Middle Triassic, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic, and Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. This study establishes the existence of continuous semi-deep to abyssal marine sediments in the Meso-Tethys Ocean from the Permian to the Cretaceous period and confirms, from a sedimentological perspective, that the Meso-Tethys Ocean underwent tectonic evolution for at least approximately 160 Ma. Our findings offer a novel sedimentary perspective on the early tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean and serve as a valuable reference for advancing future research on the broader tectonic evolution of the Tethys domain.

重建中特提斯洋的早期演化对于了解该洋的性质和更广泛的特提斯域的构造动力学至关重要。然而，有限的沉积资料，特别是缺乏早期半深海到深海盆地的沉积，使得人们对中特提斯洋的早期构造演化知之甚少。本研究以班公-怒江缝合带中段格则地区穆加格日群为研究对象，对其岩石学、岩石学、碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学、单氮石U-Pb年代学进行了系统研究。结果证实了中三叠世复理石质沉积的存在，这些复理石质沉积来自中特提斯洋北缘的南羌塘地体。在此基础上，对格则地区Mugagangri群的相关研究进行了综合统计分析。考虑到碎屑锆石特征的显著差异和新近发现的中三叠统复理石质特征，我们认为班公-怒江缝合带中段存在二叠系-三叠系复理石质。进一步将格则地区的复理石沉积时代划分为四组：二叠世—早三叠世、中三叠世、晚三叠世—早侏罗世和中侏罗世—早白垩世。本研究确定了二叠纪至白垩纪中特提斯洋存在连续的半深至深海海洋沉积物，并从沉积学角度证实了中特提斯洋至少经历了大约160 Ma的构造演化。研究结果为中特提斯洋早期构造演化提供了新的沉积视角，为进一步深入研究特提斯域的构造演化提供了有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

The first record of Devonian foraminifera from northern Gondwana 冈瓦纳北部泥盆纪有孔虫的第一个记录

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.014

Zofia Dubicka , Michał Rakociński

Foraminifera are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of biomineralizing marine microorganisms. While they first appeared in the early Cambrian, during the early Paleozoic they were dominated by morphologically simple agglutinated taxa. More complex, multichambered calcitic forms first emerged during the Middle Devonian “Givetian Revolution,” during which Foraminifera formed very important constituents of the Middle Devonian reef communities in Euramerica. Surprisingly, however, Devonian foraminifera have never been recorded from northern Gondwana. Here, we present the first record of Devonian foraminifera from the Mader Basin (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco), along the northern margin of the Gondwana shelf. This foraminiferal community has very limited taxonomic diversity and morphologic disparity compared to contemporaneous Euramerican assemblages, and primarily consists of tubular forms. This likely resulted from paleoenvironmental implications of the high southern latitude of the Mader Basin (ca. 40–45˚S), which was near the edge of the Devonian reef zone.

有孔虫是海洋生物矿化微生物中数量最多、种类最多的一类。它们最早出现于早寒武纪，但在早古生代以形态简单的凝集类群为主。更复杂的多腔方解石形式首次出现在中泥盆世的“Givetian革命”期间，在此期间，有孔虫形成了欧洲美洲中泥盆世珊瑚礁群落的重要组成部分。然而令人惊讶的是，在冈瓦纳北部从未有过泥盆纪有孔虫的记录。本文报道了沿冈瓦纳陆架北缘马德尔盆地（摩洛哥反阿特拉斯东部）泥盆纪有孔虫的首次记录。该有孔虫群落的分类多样性和形态差异与同时代的欧美组合相比非常有限，主要由管状组成。这可能与马德尔盆地南纬高（约40-45˚S）的古环境影响有关，该盆地位于泥盆纪礁带边缘。

引用次数: 0

First fossil mosquito larva in 99-million-year-old amber with a modern type of morphology sheds light on the evolutionary history of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) 在9900万年前的琥珀中发现的第一个具有现代形态的蚊子幼虫化石，揭示了蚊子的进化史（双翅目：库蚊科）

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.09.011

André P. Amaral , Art Borkent , Viktor A. Baranov , Carolin Haug , Joachim T. Haug

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) have been hypothesized to have originated during the Jurassic Period, about 201–145 million years ago, primarily based on fossil evidence from their sister group, Chaoboridae (phantom midges). However, direct evidence for such an early origin of Culicidae is currently absent. The oldest known mosquito fossils, all adults and recovered from Cretaceous amber deposits about 99 million years ago, display morphologies that differ substantially from modern forms and are regarded as representatives of an extinct lineage, Burmaculicinae. Here we report the discovery of a fossil that represents both the first mosquito larva preserved in amber and the first immature mosquito from the Mesozoic Era, named as a new genus and species Cretosabethes primaevus Amaral & Borkent gen. et sp. n. The specimen exhibits typical mosquito larval morphology and can be confidently identified as an ingroup of Sabethini, a lineage with numerous extant representatives. This finding provides strong support for the Jurassic origin of Culicidae and suggests that the larval morphology of mosquitoes has remained relatively conserved for at least the past 99 million years.

蚊子（双翅目：蚊科）被假设起源于侏罗纪时期，大约2.01 - 1.45亿年前，主要基于它们的姐妹类群——超蚊科（幻蚊）的化石证据。然而，库蚊科如此早期起源的直接证据目前尚不存在。已知最古老的蚊子化石都是成年蚊子，从大约9900万年前的白垩纪琥珀沉积物中发现，它们的形态与现代蚊子有很大不同，被认为是已经灭绝的Burmaculicinae谱系的代表。在这里，我们报告了一个化石的发现，它既代表了保存在琥珀中的第一个蚊子幼虫，也代表了中生代的第一个未成熟蚊子，被命名为一个新属和新种Cretosabethes primaevus Amaral &； Borkent gen. et sp. n.标本具有典型的蚊子幼虫形态，可以自信地确定为Sabethini的一个分支，一个有许多现存代表的谱系。这一发现为库蚊科的侏罗纪起源提供了强有力的支持，并表明蚊子的幼虫形态至少在过去的9900万年中保持相对保守。

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引用次数: 0

Fossil billfish (Xiphioidei) from the Eocene of Hampden, North Otago, New Zealand 新西兰北奥塔哥汉普顿始新世长嘴鱼化石

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.09.021

Seabourne Rust , Morne Wium , Rodrigo A. Otero , Marianna Terezow

Two large, billfish crania from the early Eocene of New Zealand are here described. Based on phylogenetic analysis, both were obtained as early forms within Xiphioidei (billfishes). The most complete material is here referred to Zealandorhynchus fordycei gen et sp. nov., representing the most basal taxon of a monophyletic clade of large-bodied, Eocene-Oligocene billfishes, including the genera Aglyptorhynchus and Xiphiorhynchus. A second partial cranium shows traits that suggest closer relationships to Istiophoridae (clade that include the extant sailfishes and marlins) and to Xiphiidae (clade that includes the extant swordfish) plus Blochiidae (a billfish lineage restricted to the Eocene). The available traits present in this second cranium allow us to refer it to Xiphioidei incertae sedis, although the exact phylogenetic position remains unresolved. The results of our research also propose emending the former clade Xiphiorhynchidae for the inclusion of Aglyptorhynchus, Xiphiorhynchus and Zealandorhynchus. The studied specimens from Hampden represent notable additions to a sparse Early Eocene fish macrofossil record from New Zealand. They highlight the high diversity and widespread distribution reached by Xiphiorhynchidae in southern oceans along the former Weddellian Province during the warm Eocene. The previously known distribution was considered to be nearly exclusive to the northern hemisphere, and therefore our records now show that early billfishes were already cosmopolitan before the Oligocene.

这里描述了新西兰始新世早期的两个大长嘴鱼颅骨。系统发育分析表明，两者均为长嘴鱼科（Xiphioidei）的早期形态。这里最完整的资料来自Zealandorhynchus fordycei gen et sp. nov.，它代表了始新世-渐新世大型喙类单系分支中最基础的分类群，包括Aglyptorhynchus属和Xiphiorhynchus属。第二个部分头盖骨显示出与旗鱼科（包括现存旗鱼和马林鱼的进化分支）、剑鱼科（包括现存的剑鱼的进化分支）和长嘴鱼科（始新世的长嘴鱼谱系）关系更近的特征。在这第二个头盖骨中存在的可用特征使我们可以将其称为“剑齿兽”，尽管确切的系统发育位置仍未确定。我们的研究结果还建议对前分支Xiphiorhynchidae进行修订，包括Aglyptorhynchus、Xiphiorhynchus和Zealandorhynchus。汉普顿的研究标本是对新西兰稀疏的始新世早期鱼类大化石记录的显著补充。它们突出了始新世温暖时期，Xiphiorhynchidae在前Weddellian省的南部海洋中达到了高度的多样性和广泛的分布。以前已知的长嘴鱼分布被认为几乎只存在于北半球，因此我们现在的记录表明，早在渐新世之前，长嘴鱼就已经遍布世界了。

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引用次数: 0

Threat to thermohaline circulation via rising thermal diffusivity in microplastic-contaminated seawater – a dual-beam thermal lens study 微塑料污染海水中热扩散率上升对热盐环流的威胁——双光束热透镜研究

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.09.014

P. Anju Abraham , V. Gokul , M.S. Swapna , K. Padmakumar , S. Sankararaman

The present study investigates the modifications in the thermal behaviour of sea water (SW) by microplastics (MPs) using the mode-mismatched dual-beam thermal lens (MDBTL) technique, as the uncontrolled use of plastics has led to MP contamination, posing risks to marine ecosystems and potentially disrupting thermohaline circulation by altering seawater temperature and salinity balances. The abundance of MPs in SW is revealed through their presence in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish, which are identified as polypropylene by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Though the increase of salinity is found to lower the thermal diffusivity (D) of water, the increase of MPs is found to enhance the D value of SW. The study emulating MP contamination in SW revealed a D value enhancement of 30.71 % for 10 ppm of MPs. The increase in D implies faster thermal transport in seawater, which can disrupt the thermohaline circulation, a crucial component of global ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity gradients. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed that at 10 ppm, MPs had a zeta potential of −15.54 mV and particle size of 1.952 µm, indicating moderate electrostatic stability; at 0.1 ppm, 50 nm particles with +1.19 mV zeta potential aggregated rapidly due to ion screening. The UV–visible spectroscopic study also points to the increase of UV absorption due to the rising amount of MPs, resulting in temperature rise. The rising D value of SW can seriously affect the marine ecosystem and the thermohaline circulation, transforming the local phenomenon into a global one, revealing the significance of the work.

本研究使用模式不匹配双光束热透镜（MDBTL）技术研究了微塑料（MPs）对海水热行为的改变，因为塑料的不受控制的使用导致了微塑料污染，对海洋生态系统构成了风险，并可能通过改变海水温度和盐度平衡来破坏热盐循环。通过鱼类胃肠道中MPs的存在，揭示了SW中MPs的丰度，通过傅里叶变换红外和拉曼光谱鉴定为聚丙烯。盐度的增加降低了水的热扩散系数(D)，而MPs的增加则提高了水的热扩散系数(D)。在SW中模拟MP污染的研究表明，MP浓度为10 ppm时，D值增加30.71%。D的增加意味着海水中更快的热输送，这可能会破坏热盐环流，而热盐环流是由温度和盐度梯度驱动的全球海洋环流的关键组成部分。动态光散射分析表明，在10 ppm时，MPs的zeta电位为−15.54 mV，粒径为1.952µm，具有中等的静电稳定性；在0.1 ppm下，具有+1.19 mV zeta电位的50 nm粒子由于离子筛选而迅速聚集。紫外可见光谱研究也指出，由于MPs量的增加，紫外吸收增加，导致温度升高。SW的D值上升会严重影响海洋生态系统和温盐环流，将局地现象转变为全球性现象，揭示了工作的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Failed rift propagation at lithospheric-scale shear zones and terrane boundaries: implications for Gondwana breakup in the South Atlantic 岩石圈尺度剪切带和地界的破裂扩展：对南大西洋冈瓦纳破裂的启示

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.09.005

Aline C. Tavares , David L. Vasconcelos , Fernando O. Marques , Walter E. Medeiros , Leonardo C. Palhano , Francisco C.C. Nogueira , Reinhardt A. Fuck , Maria O.L. Sousa , Renato R.S. Dantas , Roberto G. Oliveira , Francisco H.R. Bezerra

This study investigates how preexisting tectonic structures and crustal strength influence the formation and arrest of rifts, focusing on the Jatobá and Tucano basins in NE Brazil—part of a failed rift system related to the Gondwana breakup. We integrate aeromagnetic and gravity data with structural observations in the Recôncavo-Tucano-Jatobá (RTJ) Rift to better understand this process. Our results show that the RTJ rift propagated northward by reactivating N–S-trending Precambrian structures around 142 Ma, later shifting to E–W propagation along the Ibimirim Fault. This shift was controlled by E–W and ENE–WSW-striking faults that crosscut earlier N–S structures and by the varying strength and orientation of lithotypes across the Pernambuco Shear Zone. The Ibimirim Fault, the master fault of the Jatobá Basin, was influenced by stronger terranes in the west and the shear zone in the east. Geophysical data reveal two crustal blocks with higher density and thickness, suggesting increased rigidity that resisted rift propagation across the shear zone around 121 Ma. These issues associated with the subsequent changes in plate motion altered the stress field, redirecting rifting eastward to the Pernambuco and Paraíba basins (∼100–85 Ma), the final land connection between Africa and South America. This shift led to the activation of the Sergipe-Alagoas–Gabon Rift System. Our findings offer new insights into the tectonic processes driving the breakup of Gondwana.

本研究探讨了先前存在的构造结构和地壳强度如何影响裂谷的形成和停止，重点研究了巴西东北部的jatob和Tucano盆地——与冈瓦纳破裂有关的失败裂谷系统的一部分。我们将航空磁和重力数据与Recôncavo-Tucano-Jatobá （RTJ）裂谷的结构观测相结合，以更好地了解这一过程。结果表明，RTJ裂谷在142ma前后通过重新激活n - s向的前寒武纪构造向北扩展，随后沿Ibimirim断裂向东西向扩展。这种转移受横切早期南北向构造的东西向断裂和东西向断裂以及横切伯南布哥剪切带不同强度和方向的岩性控制。贾托卜盆地的主断裂伊布里姆断裂受西部强地体和东部剪切带的影响。地球物理数据显示，两个密度和厚度更高的地壳块体表明，在121 Ma左右，刚性增加，抵抗了剪切带的裂谷传播。这些问题与随后板块运动的变化有关，改变了应力场，将裂谷向东转向伯南布哥和Paraíba盆地（~ 100-85 Ma），这是非洲和南美洲之间的最后陆地连接。这种转变导致了Sergipe-Alagoas-Gabon裂谷系统的激活。我们的发现为研究冈瓦纳板块分裂的构造过程提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Past, present, and future of southern Gondwanan turtles: a view from the South 冈瓦南龟的过去、现在和未来：从南方看

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.09.013

Juliana Sterli , Evangelos Vlachos

Extinct turtles from southern Gondwana are known from the 19th century. However, two-thirds of their knowledge has been produced during the last 30 years, changing notably our understanding of the evolution of the cheloniofauna of this region. Nowadays, there are more than 600 occurrences of turtles in southern Gondwana spanning from the Lower Jurassic until the Holocene. The aim of this work is to provide an updated account of the diversity and distribution of southern Gondwanan turtles and to test whether it is possible to recognize the three phases of evolution of continental turtles suggested for South America. We also compared the paleolatitudinal distribution of turtles between hemispheres, especially in temperate regions, showing that the fossil record is heavily skewed towards the north. The recent efforts have improved the southern Gondwanan fossil record, allowing for more complete diversity curves with evidence of a K/Pg extinction, but still, an important part of the past diversity is missing. In southern Gondwana, like in South America, the first two phases in the evolution of continental turtles, the Pangean and the Gondwanan, can be recognized in a similar fashion. However, the final part of the evolution of turtles in southern Gondwana differs in Patagonia and Australia + Zelandia because they have undergone different biogeographic histories. In Patagonia, chelids and meiolaniids became extinct after the middle Eocene, and it was not until the late Oligocene that tortoises arrived in South America, and that turtles roamed again in that region. On the contrary, in Australia, chelids and meiolaniids diversified during the Neogene, reaching distant islands in the case of meiolaniids. The Neogene-Recent Australian cheloniofauna is completed by the arrival of trionychids and carettochelyids from Asia.

从19世纪开始，人们就知道冈瓦纳南部已经灭绝的海龟。然而，他们三分之二的知识是在过去30年里产生的，这显著改变了我们对该地区龟类动物进化的理解。如今，从下侏罗纪到全新世，冈瓦纳南部有600多只海龟出现。这项工作的目的是为冈瓦南龟的多样性和分布提供一个最新的描述，并测试是否有可能识别出南美洲大陆龟的三个进化阶段。我们还比较了海龟在两个半球之间的古纬度分布，特别是在温带地区，表明化石记录严重向北倾斜。最近的努力已经改善了冈瓦纳南部的化石记录，允许更完整的多样性曲线与K/Pg灭绝的证据，但仍然缺少过去多样性的重要部分。在冈瓦纳南部，就像在南美洲一样，可以以类似的方式认识到大陆龟进化的前两个阶段，即盘古期和冈瓦纳期。然而，冈瓦纳南部海龟进化的最后一部分在巴塔哥尼亚和澳大利亚+泽兰迪亚是不同的，因为它们经历了不同的生物地理历史。在巴塔哥尼亚，chelids和meiolaniids在始新世中期之后就灭绝了，直到渐新世晚期，陆龟才到达南美洲，并且再次在该地区游荡。与此相反，在澳大利亚，在新近纪期间，蝶类和小虫类出现了多样化，在小虫类的情况下到达了遥远的岛屿。新近-近代澳大利亚的龟类动物群是由来自亚洲的三爪目和龟爪目的到来而完成的。

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引用次数: 0