Gondwana Research最新文献_第6页

International Association for Gondwana Research 2025 Convention, and 22nd International Conference on Gondwana to Asia, Shinchon Campus of the Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 国际冈瓦纳研究协会2025大会暨第22届冈瓦纳亚洲国际会议，延世大学新村校区，韩国首尔

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.12.005

Sanghoon Kwon , Yirang Jang

引用次数: 0

Sediment provenance and depositional systems during Paleozoic tectonic and climatic transitions in the eastern Precordillera of Argentina 阿根廷东部前科迪勒拉古生代构造和气候转变时期的沉积物物源和沉积体系

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.013

Nicholas A. Regier , Brian K. Horton , Daniel Starck , Facundo Fuentes , Erin E. Donaghy , Michael P. Eddy , Tomas N. Capaldi

The Precordillera of western Argentina displays a complex pre-Andean stratigraphic record related to Paleozoic convergence along the SW margin of Gondwana. Sedimentologic and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronological results for the Silurian Rinconada Formation and Carboniferous Jejenes Formation of the eastern Precordillera provide insight into sediment provenance, drainage reorganization, and climatic/tectonic interactions during Paleozoic deformation and glaciation. Measured sections and lithofacies analyses indicate sediment gravity flow and mass-transport deposition in a Silurian submarine fan during shortening in the adjacent Famatinian orogenic belt. This foreland basin was deformed during the Late Devonian Chanic orogeny, prior to glacial incision of remnant topography during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age. Analyses of unconformities, cross-cutting relationships, and lithofacies within a Carboniferous paleovalley (Quebrada Grande, Sierra Chica de Zonda) indicate four facies associations (fjord-head delta, distal fjord, fan delta, and subglacial fan) within a fjord setting governed by glacial advance and retreat. U-Pb results for Carboniferous sandstones (7 samples, 840 analyses) indicate derivation from Western Pampean basement with progressive drainage expansion to include the Famatinian magmatic arc and Eastern Sierras Pampeanas. Evolution from a Silurian marine foreland basin to an isolated Carboniferous fjord reflects major orogenic and climatic transitions in SW Gondwana. Ordovician-Silurian (Famatinian) and Late Devonian (Chanic) shortening generated topography that was subsequently beveled by glacial erosion during the Carboniferous. We suggest that Paleozoic deformation related to subduction and terrane collision helped drive changes in sediment dispersal and basin configuration, while climate changes during regional glaciation regulated erosion/deposition and the spatial extent of sediment accommodation.

阿根廷西部的Precordillera显示了一个复杂的前安第斯地层记录，与冈瓦纳西南缘古生代辐合有关。前科迪勒拉东部志留系Rinconada组和石炭系Jejenes组的沉积学和U-Pb碎屑锆石年代学结果为研究古生代变形和冰川作用期间的沉积物来源、水系重组和气候/构造相互作用提供了新的线索。实测剖面和岩相分析表明，在邻近的法马梯系造山带缩短期，志留系海底扇形成了重力流和物质输运沉积。该前陆盆地在晚泥盆世Chanic造山运动中变形，在晚古生代冰期冰川切割残余地形之前。石炭系古峡谷（Quebrada Grande, Sierra Chica de Zonda）的不整合面、横切关系和岩相分析表明，在冰川进退控制的峡湾环境中，有四种相组合（峡湾头三角洲、峡湾远端三角洲、扇三角洲和冰下扇）。石炭系砂岩（7个样品，840个分析）的U-Pb结果表明，其衍生自西潘潘纪基底，并经历了递进式的水系扩张，包括法马汀期岩浆弧和东潘潘亚山脉。从志留纪海相前陆盆地到孤立的石炭纪峡湾的演变反映了冈瓦纳西南地区主要的造山和气候转变。奥陶-志留纪（法马纪）和晚泥盆世（Chanic期）缩短产生的地形后来在石炭世期间被冰川侵蚀成斜面。研究认为，与俯冲和地壳碰撞有关的古生代变形驱动了沉积扩散和盆地形态的变化，而区域冰川时期的气候变化调节了侵蚀/沉积和沉积物容纳的空间范围。

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引用次数: 0

Lithospheric structure of Northeast China from dense array receiver functions: Insight into two-side subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean plate 从密集阵列接收函数看东北地区岩石圈结构：对古亚洲大洋板块两侧俯冲的洞察

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.012

Honghao Li , You Tian , Dapeng Zhao , Hongli Li

A northwest-southeast trending high-density seismic array was deployed in the southern Xing’an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt, spanning the Songliao basin, the North-South gravity gradient lineament, the Great Xing’an Mountains, and the Erlian basin. The high-density seismic array included 1000 stations with an interval of ∼0.5 km. We image the lithospheric structure using the teleseismic receiver function method. Our results show that the Moho depth gradually increases from ∼35 km beneath the Songliao basin to ∼40 km beneath the Great Xing’an Mountains. In the vicinity of the North-South gravity lineament, the Moho is slightly inclined with a continuous depth of ∼5 km, which forms a transition zone from the basin to the orogenic belt. A middle crustal discontinuity, or the Conrad discontinuity, is imaged beneath the Songliao-Xilinhot block and the northern margin of the North China Craton. The Conrad and Moho discontinuities beneath the suture zones show traces of bidirectional subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean plate. Meanwhile, we find subtle changes in the receiver functions due to variations in the sedimentary layer thickness. The sedimentary layer beneath the southern Songliao basin is estimated to be ∼1.2 km thick and it thins toward its edge. Moreover, we find a middle lithospheric discontinuity below the Moho under the Songliao-Xilinhot block. Combining with previous findings, we deem that the middle lithospheric discontinuity reflects a high-temperature layer in the upper lithosphere mantle associated with hot and wet upwelling flows in the big mantle wedge under NE China.

在兴蒙造山带南段，横贯松辽盆地、南北重力梯度线、大兴安岭、二连盆地，分布有西北—东南走向的高密度地震阵。高密度地震阵列包括1000个台站，间隔约0.5 km。采用远震接收函数法对岩石圈结构进行成像。结果表明，从松辽盆地下~ 35 km到大兴安岭下~ 40 km，莫霍线深度逐渐增大。在南北重力线附近，莫霍带略倾斜，连续深度约5 km，形成了盆地到造山带的过渡带。在松辽—锡林浩特地块和华北克拉通北缘下，形成了一个中地壳结构面，即康拉德结构面。缝合带下方的康拉德和莫霍结构面显示出古亚洲大洋板块双向俯冲的痕迹。同时，由于沉积层厚度的变化，接收函数也发生了微妙的变化。据估计，松辽盆地南部的沉积层厚度为~ 1.2 km，并向边缘逐渐变薄。此外，在松辽—锡林浩特地块的莫霍下发现了一个中部岩石圈不连续面。结合前人的研究结果，我们认为中岩石圈不连续反映了中国东北部大地幔楔的高温层与热、湿上升流有关。

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引用次数: 0

Spatio-temporal assessment of urban temperature variations and landscape characteristics using spectral indices 基于光谱指数的城市温度变化与景观特征时空评价

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.014

Hamza Shafiq , Riaz Ul Hissan , Ayesha Mariam , Shafaqat Ali , Abdelmohsen A. Nassani , Magdalena Radulescu , Komal Batool , Bilal Hussain

This study examined the relationship between Land Surface Temperature and various spectral indices in Dera Ghazi Khan division of Pakistan to assess landscape characteristics and ecological health. This study used satellite images to detect temperature variation and urbanization-influenced land cover patterns using remote sensing data during 2013–2023. Estimated results revealed that Land Surface Temperature was significantly linked with spectral indices over the study’ period. The results showed a continuous increase in urban intensity contributing to an increase in surface temperature to 47.19 °C by 2023. It was also found that due to cooling effects, there is a negative relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and the Land Surface Temperature, whereas positive values exist concerning the other indices. These findings indicate the higher temperatures for built-up areas, barren land, and water-reduced bodies. Moreover, findings of various spectral indices revealed the significant temperature differences and changing land covers. In addition, the results of land cover changes showed how temperature variations are influenced by urbanization and health status. The findings of this study will be helpful for government and concerned policy makers in promoting sustainable land management practices to mitigate climate change and local environmental protection measures.

研究了巴基斯坦德拉加齐汗地区地表温度与各光谱指数的关系，以评价该地区的景观特征和生态健康状况。本研究利用卫星图像，利用遥感数据检测2013-2023年期间的温度变化和城市化影响的土地覆盖格局。估算结果显示，在研究期间，地表温度与光谱指数显著相关。结果表明，到2023年，城市强度持续增加，地表温度上升至47.19°C。由于降温效应，归一化植被指数与地表温度呈负相关，而其他指数均为正相关。这些发现表明，建筑密集区、贫瘠土地和水减少的水体温度更高。此外，各种光谱指数的结果显示了显著的温度差异和土地覆盖的变化。此外，土地覆盖变化的结果显示了温度变化如何受到城市化和健康状况的影响。研究结果将有助于政府和相关政策制定者推广可持续土地管理措施，以减缓气候变化和地方环境保护措施。

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引用次数: 0

Carbonate deposition in the Arctic during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) 古新世始新世热极值（PETM）和早始新世气候极值（EECO）时期的北极碳酸盐沉积

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.011

Henry W. Posamentier , Anatoly M. Nikishin , Ksenia F. Aleshina , Elizaveta A. Rodina , Alexander P. Afanasenkov , Steven L. Bachtel , Gillian R. Foulger

Recently-acquired, high-quality seismic reflection profiles document the presence of possible carbonate deposits on the Mendeleev Rise in the Arctic Ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. These deposits are concentrated at the crests of bathymetric highs and consist of clusters of buildups comprising small patch reefs overlain by larger, coalesced platforms, followed by back-stepped higher-relief platforms. The small buildups commonly are ∼ 100–500 m in diameter and 50–100 m in height. The larger platforms are up to 3–7 km wide and up to 400 m thick. Some of the larger buildups are characterized by internal horizontally layered architecture, whereas others are characterized internally by clinoforms suggesting progradational growth. A common characteristic of these buildups is that they tend to achieve a common height (i.e., their tops align along the same level), typical of buildups sensitive to growth within the photic zone, whose upward growth is limited by sea level. The succession of buildup styles indicates carbonate factories under the influence of accelerating relative sea-level rise, which culminated in drowning and ultimate abandonment.

最近获得的高质量地震反射剖面记录了在古新世-始新世热极大期和早始新世气候最佳期，北冰洋门捷列夫隆起可能存在碳酸盐沉积。这些沉积物集中在水深高点的顶部，由由小型斑块礁覆盖在较大的合并台地上的堆积物组成，然后是后退的高地形台地。这些小的堆积物通常直径为100-500米，高度为50-100米。较大的平台宽达3-7公里，厚达400米。一些较大的堆积以内部水平层状结构为特征，而另一些则以内部斜状结构为特征，表明呈递进生长。这些堆积的一个共同特征是它们趋向于达到一个共同的高度（即，它们的顶部沿同一水平排列），这是典型的对光带内生长敏感的堆积，其向上生长受海平面限制。堆积样式的演替表明，在相对海平面加速上升的影响下，碳酸盐工厂以淹没和最终废弃而告终。

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引用次数: 0

Palynostratigraphic reassessment of the Permian Wolfang Basin (Queensland, Australia) − implications for climate and timing of coal formation 二叠纪Wolfang盆地（昆士兰，澳大利亚）的孢粉地层重新评价——对气候和煤形成时间的影响

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.12.001

Alexander Wheeler , Ulrich Heimhofer , Joan S. Esterle

The Permian-aged Wolfang Basin in Queensland, Australia, formed as a rift-controlled half graben containing significant coal resources. Recently, the use of high-resolution zircon ages has allowed for a recalibration of the eastern Australian palynostratigraphy, necessitating a re-examination of the timing of deposition in the Wolfang Basin relative to the glacial episodes that mark the end of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in Australia. Four coal seams were selected for palynological and organic carbon isotope analysis: the Wolfang Main, Wolfang Upper, Prospect and Gowrie seams. Palynostratigraphy from the Wolfang Basin yields an APP3.2 age for the Wolfang Main and Upper seams (Kungurian-Roadian), an APP3.3 age for the Prospect seam (mid-upper Roadian), and an APP4.2 age for the Gowrie seam (Wordian). This indicates the timing of formation of the Wolfang Main and Upper seams preceded the P3 glaciation, whereas the Gowrie and possibly the Prospect seams were contemporaneous with the glaciation. Palynofloras show an overall dominance of trilete spores (Leiotriletes, Microbaculispora, Acanthotriletes), particularly in the Wolfang Main and Wolfang Upper seams, however pollen grains (Protohaploxypinus, Scheuringipollenites, Marsupipollenites) increase in abundance in the Prospect and Gowrie seams. The Gowrie seam also shows a higher abundance of monosaccate pollen (Plicatipollenites, Cannanoropollis). Organic carbon isotopes of vitrain bands show subtle enrichment from a mean of −24‰ in the Wolfang Main seam to –23.3‰ in the Prospect seam. The Gowrie seam shows upsection depletion from –23.2‰ to –23.9‰. These trends are comparable to existing records and may reflect a shift to cooler conditions related to the P3 glaciation, though local tectonic and environmental regimes still allow for periods of peat-formation.

澳大利亚昆士兰州二叠纪时期的沃尔夫冈盆地是由裂谷控制的半地堑形成的，其中蕴藏着大量煤炭资源。最近，利用高分辨率锆石年龄重新校准了澳大利亚东部的古地层，从而有必要重新研究沃尔夫冈盆地相对于标志澳大利亚晚古生代冰期结束的冰川期的沉积时间。我们选择了四个煤层进行古生物学和有机碳同位素分析：沃尔夫冈主煤层、沃尔夫冈上煤层、展望煤层和高里煤层。沃尔夫冈盆地的古地层学得出沃尔夫冈主煤层和上煤层的年龄为 APP3.2（Kungurian-Roadian），Prospect 煤层的年龄为 APP3.3（Roadian 中高层），Gowrie 煤层的年龄为 APP4.2（Wordian）。这表明沃尔夫冈主煤层和上煤层的形成时间早于 P3 冰川期，而 Gowrie 煤层以及可能的 Prospect 煤层则与冰川期同时形成。古植物群落总体上以三裂孢子（Leiotriletes、Microbaculispora、Acanthotriletes）为主，尤其是在沃尔夫岗主煤层和沃尔夫岗上部煤层，但花粉粒（Protohaploxypinus、Scheuringipollenites、Marsupipollenites）在展望煤层和高里煤层的数量有所增加。Gowrie 煤层中的单囊花粉（Plicatipollenites、Cannoropollis）含量也较高。葡萄条带的有机碳同位素显示出微妙的富集，从沃尔夫冈主煤层的平均值-24‰到展望煤层的-23.3‰。高里煤层显示出从-23.2‰到-23.9‰的上断面贫化。这些趋势与现有的记录相当，可能反映了与 P3 冰期有关的向较冷条件的转变，尽管当地的构造和环境制度仍然允许泥炭形成时期的存在。

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引用次数: 0

The Triassic magmatism in southwestern Gondwana: An example of arc batholith construction in a retreating margin 冈瓦纳西南部的三叠纪岩浆活动：退缩边缘的弧熔岩构造实例

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.12.002

Javiera González , Verónica Oliveros , Friedrich Lucassen , Christian Creixell , Felipe Coloma , Ricardo Velásquez , Laura Hernández , Paulina Vásquez , Simone A. Kasemann

The Chollay-Piuquenes batholith (CPB) represents voluminous Lower-Middle Triassic magmatism on the western margin of Gondwana. It crops out in the Chilean Frontal Cordillera (28°30′S–30°30′S), covering ∼2,400 km². It is composed of the Chollay and Piuquenes plutonic complexes, that were emplaced over a 16 Myr interval, with magma production rates ranging from 6 to 7.5 km³/Myr km⁻¹. The batholith lithologies vary from diorites to syenogranites, with a predominance of monzogranites and granodiorites. It was previously interpreted as an anorogenic, post-collisional magmatism, originated from crustal anatexis in a rifting continental margin (Pre-Andean Cycle). This field and geochemical study proposes that CPB is likely a subduction-related batholith constructed in a convergent retreating margin. This interpretation is consistent with the Triassic geotectonic context proposed for western Gondwana. Moreover, the extensional context for the CPB emplacement is inferred from the contemporaneous development of forearc and back-arc basins, and from geochemical signals indicating Mesozoic crustal thinning along the margin. The CPB rocks exhibit subalkaline, meta- to peraluminous, calc-alkaline to alkaline-calcic affinities, enrichment in LILE relative to HFSE, depletion in Nb-Ta, Ti, Sr, and P, and Pb enrichment. The rocks display flat REE patterns (La_N/Yb_N: 3.40–13.78) and Al-in-Hbl barometer calculations (1.7–1.8 ± 0.6 kbar) suggest an epizonal emplacement. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic signature suggests a mixture of depleted mantle and continental crust, and not only crustal reworking, as the main magma-generating process. A comparative analysis of CPB samples with other well-known examples of both retreating and advancing margin batholiths allows the establishment of criteria to distinguish each tectonic context.

chollay_piuquenes岩基（CPB）代表了冈瓦纳西缘大量的中-下三叠世岩浆活动。它出现在智利额科迪勒拉（28°30 - 30°30’s），覆盖约2,400平方公里。其岩浆产率为6 ~ 7.5 km3/Myr km−1，由位于16 Myr区间的Chollay和Piuquenes深部杂岩组成。岩基岩性从闪长岩到正长花岗岩不等，以二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩为主。它以前被解释为一种造山作用，碰撞后的岩浆作用，起源于裂谷大陆边缘（前安第斯旋回）的地壳熔融作用。该野外和地球化学研究表明，CPB可能是一个与俯冲有关的基底，形成于会聚退缩边缘。这一解释与冈瓦纳西部三叠纪大地构造背景一致。此外，从弧前和弧后盆地的同期发育以及表明中生代地壳沿边缘减薄的地球化学信号推断出CPB侵位的伸展背景。CPB岩石表现出亚碱性、偏铝质到过铝质、钙碱性到碱钙亲和关系，LILE相对于HFSE富集，Nb-Ta、Ti、Sr和P富集，Pb富集。岩石显示出平坦的REE模式（LaN/YbN: 3.40 ~ 13.78）， Al-in-Hbl气压计（1.7 ~ 1.8±0.6 kbar）表明其为水平位进。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明，岩浆的主要生成过程是地幔和大陆地壳的混合作用，而不仅仅是地壳的改造作用。将CPB样品与其他已知的后退和前进边缘岩基进行比较分析，可以建立区分每种构造背景的标准。

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引用次数: 0

Constraints on Earth’s atmospheric evolution from a gas-aqueous partition of fluid inclusion volatiles 从流体包裹体挥发物的气-水分割对地球大气演化的制约

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.12.003

Justin G. Park , Morgan F. Schaller

Recent attention has been paid to fluid inclusions in surficial minerals for their ability to capture and preserve aliquots of ancient atmospheric gas. Through mechanical or thermal decrepitation, the volatiles trapped in these multiphase inclusions can be analyzed by mass spectrometry, providing direct constraints on the composition of the Earth’s ancient atmosphere. It is often assumed that this measured gas composition reflects directly the atmosphere under which the minerals precipitated. However, when the effects of gas solubility are neglected, the interpreted atmosphere is likely to be erroneous, reflecting a mixture of gas and brine. Here, we present a novel technique and computer code, MAGPI (Method for Atmospheric Gas Partitioning from fluid Inclusions), to partition the atmospheric volatiles between the gas and aqueous phases present at the time of inclusion formation and volatile entrapment. The N₂/⁴⁰Ar ratios of the released gases are used to calculate the volume fractions of the gaseous and aqueous phases present at the time of entrapment, which allows the observed gas ratios to be corrected to accurately reflect the composition of the atmosphere under which they formed. We validate our method on contemporary halite fluid inclusions, and then apply it to existing data from a suite of Tonian (815 Ma) halite and gypsum evaporites from the Browne Formation, Australia, and the Minto Inlet Formation, Canada. The results of our partition indicate that the Tonian atmosphere contained 92.83 ± 0.70 % N₂, 6.62 ± 0.71 % O₂, 0.47 ± 0.01 % Ar, and 0.08 ± 0.07 % CO₂, which is consistent with other proxy and model reconstructions of the Neoproterozoic atmosphere. These results demonstrate the importance of phase chemistry in fluid inclusion gas analyses and provide a fundamental framework for future studies of Earth’s atmospheric evolution through inclusion gases.

最近，由于地表矿物中的流体包裹体能够捕获和保存等量的古代大气气体，因此引起了人们的注意。通过机械或热分解，这些多相包裹体中的挥发物可以通过质谱分析，为地球古代大气的组成提供直接的限制。人们通常认为，这种测量的气体成分直接反映了矿物沉淀的大气。然而，当忽略气体溶解度的影响时，解释的大气很可能是错误的，反映了气体和盐水的混合物。在这里，我们提出了一种新的技术和计算机代码，MAGPI（从流体包裹体中划分大气气体的方法），用于在包裹体形成和挥发性包裹时将大气挥发物在气相和水相之间进行划分。释放气体的N2/40Ar比用于计算捕获时存在的气相和水相的体积分数，这允许对观测到的气体比进行校正，以准确反映它们形成时的大气成分。我们在当代岩盐流体包裹体上验证了我们的方法，然后将其应用于来自澳大利亚Browne组和加拿大Minto Inlet组的Tonian （815 Ma）岩盐和石膏蒸发岩的现有数据。划分结果表明，东系大气中N2含量为92.83±0.70%，O2含量为6.62±0.71%，Ar含量为0.47±0.01%，CO2含量为0.08±0.07%，这与其他新元古代大气的替代和模式重建结果一致。这些结果证明了相化学在流体包裹体气体分析中的重要性，并为未来通过包裹体气体研究地球大气演化提供了基本框架。

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引用次数: 0

Differential lithospheric evolution during craton destruction: Insights from Mesozoic mafic magmatic suites with transitional features in the North China Craton 克拉通破坏过程中岩石圈差异演化：华北克拉通中生代基性岩浆套过渡性特征

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.010

Fei Xue , M. Santosh , Sung Won Kim

During the Mesozoic, the North China Craton (NCC) especially the eastern part underwent significant destruction of its cratonic roots. During ∼125–120 Ma, the source of magmatism shifted from an ancient enriched lithospheric mantle to a juvenile depleted asthenospheric mantle. While this geochemical change is clear in the eastern NCC, it is unclear whether a similar shift occurred in the central NCC or if the lithospheric evolution differed across the craton. Mafic magmatic suites are key to understanding the evolution of cratonic lithospheric mantle, especially by analyzing their geochemical and isotopic transitions. This study examines the Mesozoic Laiyuan ultramafic–mafic intrusions in central NCC, classified into gabbro, gabbroic diorite, and cumulate suites (pyroxenite and hornblendite). Zircon U-Pb dating indicates gabbroic rocks formed between 136–124 Ma and cumulated between 130–129 Ma. These rocks also display similar isotopic signatures, including zircon Hf isotopes ranging from −24.9 to −7.8 and −28.3 to −15.9, (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)ⁱ ratios from 0.705945 to 0.706335 and 0.705692 to 0.706038, and ε_Nd(t) values from −16.1 to −12.8 and −15.8 to −12.5, respectively. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest an enriched lithospheric mantle source influenced by subduction-related metasomatism with minimal crustal contamination. The gabbroic and ultramafic layers represent residual melts and cumulates from a common source, respectively. Geochemical data reveal a transition in the mantle source from ultramafic-mafic intrusions (∼140–124 Ma) to dolerite (∼125–117 Ma) and lamprophyre (∼115–110 Ma), indicating lithospheric thinning and asthenosphere upwelling. This gradual transition in the central NCC contrasts with the rapid change in the eastern NCC, reflecting different lithospheric evolution processes: thermo-mechanical erosion in the central NCC and lithospheric delamination in the eastern NCC. These findings highlight diverse mechanisms of cratonic destruction across the NCC.

在中生代，华北克拉通特别是东部克拉通的克拉通根遭受了严重的破坏。在~ 125 ~ 120 Ma期间，岩浆活动的来源从一个古老的富岩石圈地幔转移到一个年轻的贫软流圈地幔。虽然这种地球化学变化在北克拉通东部很明显，但在北克拉通中部是否发生了类似的变化，或者在克拉通中岩石圈的演化是否有所不同，目前还不清楚。基性岩浆套是认识克拉通岩石圈地幔演化的关键，特别是分析其地球化学和同位素转变。本文研究了北中部莱源中生代超镁基性侵入岩，分为辉长岩、辉长闪长岩和辉长岩、角闪岩三种。锆石U-Pb测年表明辉长岩形成时间为136 ~ 124 Ma，堆积时间为130 ~ 129 Ma。锆石Hf同位素范围为−24.9 ~−7.8和−28.3 ~−15.9,(87Sr/86Sr)i比值为0.705945 ~ 0.706335和0.705692 ~ 0.706038,εNd(t)值分别为−16.1 ~−12.8和−15.8 ~−12.5。地球化学和同位素数据表明，该岩石圈地幔源受俯冲相关交代作用的影响，地壳污染最小。辉长岩层和超镁铁质层分别代表来自同一来源的残余熔体和堆积物。地球化学数据显示，地幔源由超镁铁质-基性侵入体（~ 140 ~ 124 Ma）向白云岩（~ 125 ~ 117 Ma）和煌斑岩（~ 115 ~ 110 Ma）转变，表明岩石圈变薄和软流圈上升流。北中陆块的这种逐渐转变与东陆陆块的快速变化形成对比，反映了不同的岩石圈演化过程：北中陆块的热机械侵蚀和东陆陆块的岩石圈剥离。这些发现强调了横跨NCC的克拉通破坏的不同机制。

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Global progress towards the Coal: Tracking coal reserves, coal prices, electricity from coal, carbon emissions and coal phase-out 全球在实现煤炭目标方面的进展：跟踪煤炭储量、煤炭价格、煤炭发电、碳排放和煤炭淘汰情况

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.007

Muhammad Amir Raza , Abdul Karim , M.M. Aman , Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Khasawneh , Muhammad Faheem

Coal remains a significant energy source globally, with the United States holding a substantial portion of the world’s coal reserves but it creates the dangerous effects of global warming. Despite its abundance, questions arise regarding the accessibility and environmental impact of coal reserves. Therefore, this research forecasted the future of coal reserves, coal prices, electricity from coal, carbon emissions and coal phase-out targets globally using the SARIMAX Python® model for the study period 2023 to 2050 by using the economic data from the year 1980 to 2022. It is found that, the global coal reserve capacity is 1.07 trillion tons with an average coal prices vary with region to region, ranging from US $130 per tone to US $206 per tone until 2050. The global production of electricity from coal will also increase from 10415.49 TWh in 2023 to 13316.57 TWh until 2040 and 15243.36 TWh until 2050 which ultimately enhances the production of carbon emissions, increases from 157,768 billion metric tons in 2023 to 188,535 billion metric tons until 2040 and 215,077 billion metric tons until 2050. Furthermore, this study undertakes and presented the country wise examination of coal phase out and it is found that in many countries 75% of coal will phase out by 2030 and 100% by 2040 for meeting the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1.5 ⁰C targets. Therefore there is a dire need to shift towards cleaner energy sources, leading to a decline in coal-fired power generation and a trend towards coal phase-out.

煤炭仍然是全球重要的能源来源，美国拥有世界煤炭储量的很大一部分，但它造成了全球变暖的危险影响。尽管煤炭储量丰富，但关于煤炭储量的可及性和环境影响的问题也出现了。因此，本研究使用SARIMAX Python®模型，利用1980年至2022年的经济数据，预测了2023年至2050年期间全球煤炭储量、煤炭价格、煤炭发电、碳排放和煤炭淘汰目标的未来。研究发现，全球煤炭储备能力为1.07万亿吨，煤炭均价因地区而异，到2050年均价从每吨130美元到206美元不等。全球煤炭发电也将从2023年的10415.49太瓦时增加到2040年的13316.57太瓦时，到2050年增加到15243.36太瓦时，最终增加碳排放的产生，从2023年的157.768亿吨增加到2040年的188.535亿吨，到2050年增加到215,077亿吨。此外，本研究对煤炭淘汰进行了全国范围的考察，发现在许多国家，到2030年将淘汰75%的煤炭，到2040年将淘汰100%的煤炭，以达到政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的1.5摄氏度目标。因此，迫切需要转向更清洁的能源，从而导致燃煤发电的减少和逐步淘汰煤炭的趋势。

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引用次数: 0