Gondwana Research最新文献_第5页

Improving rainfall-triggered landslide susceptibility mapping through source-area boundary sampling and multi- dimensional feature analysis 通过源区边界采样和多维特征分析改进降雨诱发滑坡易感性填图

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.024

Haoxing Zhao, Qiang Xu, Wanlin Chen, Fanshu Xu, Dalei Peng, Chuanhao Pu, Ruiyang Liu, Yuyang Shen

Accurate landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is critical for disaster risk assessment and mitigation, particularly in regions vulnerable to rainfall-induced slope failures. While sample selection is a key determinant of LSM accuracy, most existing approaches rely on landslide centroids or entire polygons due to resolution constraints. The potential advantages of boundary-based sampling within source areas remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the rainfall-triggered landslides that occurred in July 2013 in Tianshui City, China. Using high-resolution remote sensing and LiDAR data, we established a detailed inventory of landslides and their source areas. We developed a multi-dimensional LSM framework and introduced a novel Landslide Susceptibility Score (LSS), derived from the confusion matrix, to quantitatively assess the accuracy and practical reliability of susceptibility maps. The findings demonstrate that boundary sampling within source areas substantially enhances predictive performance. The Random Forest model achieved the best results (AUC = 0.960, F1 = 0.890, LSS = 37776), validating the methodological advantage of this sampling strategy. Furthermore, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were employed to construct a multidimensional reasoning framework for landslide failure mechanisms, revealing the dominant roles of slope aspect, elevation, and surface roughness in modulating hydrological processes that drive slope instability. This research highlights the geotechnical and geomorphological significance of boundary-based source area sampling, establishing a robust methodological foundation for high-precision and automated LSM under extreme rainfall conditions. The proposed LSS further provides a comprehensive and scalable tool for evaluating susceptibility model performance in future studies.

准确的滑坡易感性测绘（LSM）对于灾害风险评估和减灾至关重要，特别是在易受降雨引起的边坡破坏影响的地区。虽然样本选择是LSM精度的关键决定因素，但由于分辨率的限制，大多数现有方法依赖于滑坡质心或整个多边形。在源区域内基于边界的采样的潜在优势在很大程度上仍未被探索。本研究调查了2013年7月发生在中国天水市的降雨引发的山体滑坡。利用高分辨率遥感和激光雷达数据，我们建立了滑坡及其震源区域的详细清单。我们开发了一个多维LSM框架，并引入了一个新的滑坡易感性评分（LSS），该评分来源于混淆矩阵，用于定量评估易感性图的准确性和实际可靠性。研究结果表明，源区域内的边界采样大大提高了预测性能。随机森林模型获得了最好的结果（AUC = 0.960, F1 = 0.890, LSS = 37776），验证了该抽样策略的方法学优势。此外，利用SHapley加性解释（SHapley Additive exPlanations， SHAP）构建了滑坡破坏机制的多维推理框架，揭示了坡向、高程和地表粗糙度在调节驱动边坡失稳的水文过程中的主导作用。该研究突出了基于边界的源区采样的岩土和地貌学意义，为极端降雨条件下高精度自动化LSM奠定了坚实的方法学基础。提出的LSS进一步为未来研究中评估敏感性模型的性能提供了一个全面和可扩展的工具。

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引用次数: 0

New insights on early diagenesis and palaeoenvironment of the Late Triassic bonebeds of India: evidence from rare earth element concentrations in fossil vertebrates 印度晚三叠世骨床早期成岩作用与古环境的新认识：来自脊椎动物化石中稀土元素浓度的证据

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.020

Aishee Sanyal, Sanghamitra Ray

This first comprehensive geochemical investigation of vertebrate fossils from India focuses on mass death assemblages recovered from four contemporaneous bonebeds in the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation, India. The study encompasses three extinct tetrapod taxonomic groups, namely the metoposaurids, phytosaurs and rhynchosaurs that co-existed, occupied different life habits and proliferated on the Tiki landscape. Geochemical signals including high crystallinity indices with low variability, similar patterns of Post-Archean Australian Shale-normalised mean rare earth element concentrations, considerable overlapping of convex hull polygons, and consistent enrichment in middle rare earth elements suggest similar early diagenetic palaeoenvironments for the four Tiki bonebeds. Such enrichment in middle rare earth elements is seen because of the presence of iron oxide within a terrestrial well-oxygenated fluvial setting that prevailed during fossilisation. The burial was a single-phase event, likely caused by a major flooding event, irrespective of whether the fossil accumulation was time-averaged, attritional or catastrophic. Differences in mean rare earth element concentrations in the taxonomic groups may have resulted from variation in their infiltration that was influenced by bone density which in-turn was influenced by contrasts in lifestyle. A positive europium anomaly in all specimens suggests localised reducing or anaerobic conditions resulting from autolytic degradation of the tissues at the time of early diagenesis. Studied specimens exhibited both positive and negative cerium anomalies that signify variations in the duration of subaerial exposure prior to burial, weathering stages and burial depth. The study helped in delineating the early diagenetic palaeoenvironments and reconstructing fossilisation pathways of the four Late Triassic bonebeds and highlights the significance of understanding geochemical signals in fossil bones.

这是对印度脊椎动物化石的第一次全面的地球化学调查，重点是在印度上三叠统提基组的四个同时期骨床中发现的大规模死亡组合。该研究涵盖了三个已灭绝的四足动物分类群，即中跖龙、植龙和舌龙，它们共存，有着不同的生活习惯，并在提基地貌上繁衍生息。高结晶度、低变异性的地球化学信号、后太古代澳大利亚页岩标准化平均稀土元素浓度的相似模式、凸壳多边形的大量重叠以及中稀土元素的一致富集表明，提基4个骨床具有相似的早期成岩古环境。这种中稀土元素的富集是由于在石化期间普遍存在的陆生含氧良好的河流环境中存在氧化铁。掩埋是一个单一阶段的事件，可能是由一次大的洪水事件引起的，无论化石堆积是时间平均的，是磨损的还是灾难性的。分类类群中平均稀土元素浓度的差异可能是由于其浸润的变化，而浸润的变化受骨密度的影响，而骨密度又受生活方式差异的影响。所有标本的阳性铕异常表明，早期成岩作用时组织的自溶降解导致局部减少或厌氧条件。所研究的标本显示出阳性和阴性的铈异常，这表明在埋藏前的地面暴露时间、风化阶段和埋藏深度的变化。该研究有助于圈定晚三叠世4个骨床的早成岩古环境和重建化石路径，并强调了理解化石骨中的地球化学信号的意义。

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引用次数: 0

The role of renewable energy transition in achieving carbon neutrality within the SDG framework: challenges, and prospects 可再生能源转型在可持续发展目标框架内实现碳中和中的作用：挑战与前景

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.022

Moslem Ansarinasab

The transition of economies to renewable energy is one of the most important and fundamental building blocks for achieving decarbonization, and both are increasingly important in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This article systematically reviewed 32 peer-reviewed scientific articles published between 2000 and 2025, following the PRISMA guidelines. Thematic linkage findings showed that the stronger the transition to sustainable energy, the faster the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Co-authorship and co-citation analysis indicated that China, Bangladesh, and Pakistan were the leading countries in this direction. The keyword map also showed technological innovation, energy policy, and environmental sustainability as the focus of the studies. However, the findings showed that despite all the efforts made in this field, areas such as integrating social justice, poverty reduction and biodiversity protection in the energy transition remain neglected in studies. Therefore, a coherent global, transnational and targeted strategy seems necessary in this regard. Therefore, this study highlights three key insights in this regard: (1) The transition to renewable energy by accelerating decarbonization will facilitate access to affordable and clean energy as a sustainable development goal. (2) The more investments in the renewable energy transition are strengthened with complementary policies such as carbon pricing and technology transfer, the better the climate change outcomes will be. (3) Emphasis on green innovations in storage infrastructure and smart energy grids will lead to the development of green jobs and sustainable industrial growth.

经济向可再生能源转型是实现脱碳的最重要和最基本的组成部分之一，两者在实现联合国可持续发展目标方面日益重要。本文系统地回顾了2000年至2025年间发表的32篇同行评议的科学文章，遵循PRISMA指南。专题联系调查结果表明，向可持续能源的过渡越快，实现可持续发展目标的速度就越快，包括可持续发展目标7（负担得起的清洁能源）、可持续发展目标13（气候行动）和可持续发展目标9（工业、创新和基础设施）。共同作者和共被引分析表明，中国、孟加拉国和巴基斯坦是这一方向的主要国家。关键词地图还显示了技术创新、能源政策和环境可持续性是研究的重点。然而，研究结果表明，尽管在这一领域做出了所有努力，但在能源转型中整合社会正义、减贫和生物多样性保护等领域仍然被忽视。因此，在这方面似乎需要一项连贯的全球、跨国和目标明确的战略。因此，本研究强调了这方面的三个关键见解：(1)通过加速脱碳向可再生能源的过渡将促进获得负担得起的清洁能源，并将其作为可持续发展目标。(2)可再生能源转型投资力度越大，碳定价和技术转让等政策配套力度越大，应对气候变化效果越好。(3)重视储能基础设施和智能电网的绿色创新，将促进绿色就业的发展和产业的可持续增长。

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引用次数: 0

Aeromagnetic mapping and geodynamic reconstruction of the Ediacaran Najd fault system in the Arabian Shield 阿拉伯地盾埃迪卡拉系纳伊德断裂系统的航磁填图与地球动力学重建

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.019

Moujahed Al-Husseini , Ian C.F. Stewart

Three major NW-trending fault zones are assigned to the Ediacaran Najd fault system in the exposed Proterozoic Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia. The total left-lateral displacement along the three zones has been previously interpreted as ca. 250 km, and to project from the southeastern edge of the Arabian Shield to beneath the Phanerozoic cover rocks in Saudi Arabia. In this article, aeromagnetic and geological maps, geochronological data, and structural evidence are integrated in a new Ediacaran tectonic framework of the Arabian Shield. It indicates only the middle branch of Najd system, the Ar Rika–Qazaz, constitutes a major strike-slip fault zone with a left-lateral displacement ranging between 55 and 80 km as estimated at several locations. The fault zone became active at ca. 620/615 Ma when it broke across the NS-oriented collisional front of the Amar orogeny and ceased to move by ca. 560 Ma, or possibly later.

在出露的沙特阿拉伯元古界阿拉伯地盾中，划分出三个主要的北西向断裂带。沿着这三个区域的总左移量已被解释为约250 公里，并从阿拉伯地盾的东南边缘投射到沙特阿拉伯显生宙盖层之下。在这篇文章中，航磁和地质图、地质年代数据和构造证据被整合到一个新的埃迪卡拉纪阿拉伯盾构造框架中。它表明只有Najd系统的中间分支，即Ar Rika-Qazaz，构成了一个主要的走滑断裂带，据估计在几个地点的左移量在55至80 公里之间。该断裂带在大约620/615 Ma时开始活跃，当时它穿过阿玛尔造山运动的ns向碰撞前沿，并在大约560 Ma或更晚的时候停止运动。

引用次数: 0

Mercury anomalies in Paleozoic–Mesozoic strata of South China: Implications for global volcanism and mass extinctions 华南古生代-中生代地层汞异常：对全球火山活动和大灭绝的启示

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.018

Minglong Li , Liang Qiu , Can Chen , Keyuan Xu , Haiyan Tan , Deshun Zheng , Xilin Fang

Mercury (Hg) anomalies in sedimentary records have long served as proxies for historical volcanic activity. However, previous studies have focused mainly on large igneous provinces (LIPs) and mass extinctions. For identifying Hg anomalies, the residual Hg method is rigorous but requires extensive, high-quality data. The enrichment coefficient method (often normalized to total organic carbon (TOC)) is simpler but less accurate. Furthermore, due to insufficient constraints on long-term geological Hg background values, a unified threshold for defining anomalies remains lacking. The South China block (SCB), with relatively complete Cambrian to Jurassic sediments, holds records of numerous volcanic events. A total of 1010 carbonate samples, 749 clastic rock samples, and 272 black rock series samples from the Cambrian to Jurassic of the SCB were collected for Hg and TOC analyses. Using the interquartile range, we set the following background ranges for Hg concentrations: 6.0–22.4 ppb (carbonates) and 10.1–31.2 ppb (clastic rocks). When the TOC content was < 0.2 %, the Hg concentration was used to describe the anomaly threshold, with values of 33.4 ppb (carbonates) and 47.1 ppb (clastic rocks). When the TOC content was ≥ 0.2 %, the Hg/TOC ratio was used, with threshold values of 166.9 ppb/% for carbonates, 235.7 ppb/% for clastic rocks, and 258.5 ppb/% for black rock series. Six significant Hg anomaly signals were identified in the Cambrian to Jurassic strata of the study area. These signals correspond to the Late Ordovician, Late Devonian, end-Guadalupian, end-Permian, end-Triassic, and early Toarcian mass extinction events, potentially reflecting responses to large-scale volcanism associated with the Alborz, Vilyui, Emeishan, Siberian, Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) and Karoo-Ferrar LIPs. The intensities of the Hg anomaly signals were influenced by the TOC, silicate and sulfide components and the distance between the sedimentary basin and erupting volcanoes.

长期以来，沉积记录中的汞异常一直被用作历史火山活动的代用物。然而，以前的研究主要集中在大火成岩省（lip）和大灭绝上。为了识别汞异常，残余汞法是严格的，但需要大量高质量的数据。富集系数法（通常归一化为总有机碳（TOC））更简单，但精度较低。此外，由于对长期地质汞背景值的约束不足，仍然缺乏定义异常的统一阈值。华南地块具有相对完整的寒武系至侏罗系沉积，记录了多次火山活动。收集了塔里木盆地寒武系—侏罗系碳酸盐岩样品1010份，碎屑岩样品749份，黑色岩系样品272份，进行了汞和TOC分析。利用四分位数范围，我们设置了以下汞浓度背景范围：6.0-22.4 ppb（碳酸盐）和10.1-31.2 ppb（碎屑岩）。当TOC含量为 <； 0.2 %时，以Hg浓度描述异常阈值，分别为33.4 ppb（碳酸盐岩）和47.1 ppb（碎屑岩）。当TOC含量 ≥ 0.2 %时，采用Hg/TOC比值，碳酸盐系阈值为166.9 ppb/%，碎屑岩系阈值为235.7 ppb/%，黑色岩系阈值为258.5 ppb/%。在研究区寒武系—侏罗系地层中发现了6个显著的汞异常信号。这些信号对应于晚奥陶世、晚泥盆世、瓜达鲁普世末、二叠世末、三叠纪末和早陶瓦世的大灭绝事件，可能反映了与阿尔博斯、维留伊、峨山山、西伯利亚、中大西洋岩浆省（CAMP）和Karoo-Ferrar LIPs相关的大规模火山活动的响应。汞异常信号强度受TOC、硅酸盐和硫化物组分以及沉积盆地与火山喷发距离的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Tracing paleoenvironmental change across the Permian-Triassic transition in Colorado 追踪科罗拉多州二叠纪-三叠纪过渡时期的古环境变化

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.010

Mike J. Zawaski , James W. Hagadorn , Karen R. Whiteley , Mark Longman , Michael Yusas , Bonita L. Lahey , Alexandra A. Phillips , Thomas J. Algeo , Jun Shen , János Haas , Zhanhong Liu , Stephen J. Mojzsis

The Permian-Triassic Lykins Formation of Colorado contains thick redbeds and carbonates preserving information about environmental conditions in western Pangea. We investigated outcrops and drillcores through these epicontinental sedimentary facies to assess their record of environmental change using several proxies: δ¹³C_carb, δ¹⁸O_carb, carbonate-associated-sulfate (δ³⁴S_CAS), magnetic susceptibility, and major and trace element concentrations. The B/Ga and B_xs values of the carbonate units in the Lykins Formation suggest they precipitated from a predominantly marine water source, as do most of the carbonate cements in the redbeds of the succession. A portion of the unit’s carbon and sulfur isotopic signatures parallel the global geochemical record. Stromatolites are abundant in all the laterally extensive carbonates of the unit, but body and trace fossils are very rare. This biota suggests an expanse that was challenging for plant and animal life. This hostile setting comports with the assembly of Pangea and a climatic shift to hotter and drier conditions. An ongoing question for the end-Permian mass extinction is how Siberian Traps volcanism modulated global environmental change. There is no reliable indicator of the stratigraphic location of the end-Permian mass extinction in the Lykins Formation. Biostratigraphic and geochemical proxies suggest the unit’s Poudre Member may have been deposited during the Permian-Triassic transition. To facilitate assessment of this new epicontinental Permian-Triassic record, we assembled a dataset of trace elements spanning multiple Permian-Triassic boundary successions. We present a meta-analysis of these geochemical records to evaluate the sensitivity of trace elements as recorders of eruptions from this time. Few sections contain distinct elemental enrichments that could point to volcanic influences and those that do appear to have been downwind from the volcanic sources in Siberia.

科罗拉多二叠系-三叠系Lykins组含有厚红层和碳酸盐岩层序，保存了有关盘古大陆西部环境条件的信息。我们研究了这些陆表沉积相的露头和钻孔岩心，利用δ13Ccarb、δ18Ocarb、碳酸盐岩伴生硫酸盐（δ34SCAS）、磁化率和主微量元素浓度等指标评估了它们的环境变化记录。Lykins组碳酸盐单元的B/Ga和Bxs值表明它们主要来自海洋水源，演替的红层中的大多数碳酸盐胶结物也是如此。该单元的部分碳和硫同位素特征与全球地球化学记录相似。叠层石在该单元所有横向扩展的碳酸盐岩中都很丰富，但体化石和痕迹化石非常罕见。这一生物群表明，对植物和动物来说，这是一个具有挑战性的广阔地区。这种恶劣的环境与盘古大陆的集合和气候向更热、更干燥的条件转变相适应。关于二叠纪末大灭绝的一个持续的问题是西伯利亚圈闭火山活动是如何调节全球环境变化的。没有可靠的指标表明二叠世末Lykins组大灭绝的地层位置。生物地层和地球化学指标表明，该单元的Poudre段可能沉积于二叠纪-三叠纪过渡时期。为了便于评估这个新的陆表二叠纪-三叠纪记录，我们收集了一个跨越二叠纪-三叠纪边界序列的强大的微量元素数据集。我们对这些地球化学记录进行了荟萃分析，以评估微量元素作为这一时期火山喷发记录的敏感性。少数部分含有明显的元素富集，这可能表明火山的影响，而那些确实似乎来自西伯利亚火山来源的顺风。

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引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional crustal velocity and density structures around the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt and implications for the Solonker suture and metallogenic background 中亚东部造山带的三维地壳速度和密度结构及其对Solonker缝合带和成矿背景的指示

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.017

Lianghui Guo , Yang Chen , Mei Han , Xueyang Bao

Sandwiched by the Siberia and North China cratons, the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB) is one of the ideal natural laboratories for studying Phanerozoic continental crust accretion, reworking and metallogenesis in the world. The Solonker suture has been commonly considered as the final Paleo-Asian Ocean closure and is crucial for understanding the tectonic formation and evolution of the eastern CAOB, but its eastern extension remains unknown in Northeast China due to thick cover of the Songliao Basin and a general lack of key geological markers. In addition, the deep metallogenic background of the Mesozoic polymetallic ore deposits in this area is still unclear and is in urgent need of high-resolution structure of crust and upper mantle. In this paper, we assemble seismic data from both permanent and portable seismic stations around the eastern CAOB along with the complete Bouguer gravity anomalies data, and then simultaneously construct the high-resolution 3-D Vs and density models of crust and uppermost mantle around this area by the full-waveform ambient noise and gravity joint inversion. Our Vs and density models reveal approximately symmetric features of velocity and density structures across the eastern CAOB, and suggest that the northern boundary of the Solonker suture extends eastward along the Xilinhot–Tonglu–Baicheng–Daqing line and the southern one is along the Linxi–Changling–Jilin line. Moreover, our Vs model illustrates that the Mesozoic polymetallic ore deposits in the southern Great Xing’an Range are mostly located around the overlay of the upper-crustal high-Vs values and the transition zones of Moho depression and uplift on the west of the NNE-trending Moho gradient belt. The Moho transition zone likely represents the deep crustal boundaries facilitating the ascent of ore-forming magmas and fluids from mantle into upper crust, and the overlay indicates the prospect areas for the future polymetallic mineral exploration.

中亚东部造山带夹在西伯利亚和华北克拉通之间，是世界上研究显生宙大陆地壳增生、改造和成矿作用的理想天然实验室之一。索隆克缝合线被普遍认为是古亚洲海洋的最后闭合，对了解东中国海的构造形成和演化至关重要，但由于松辽盆地覆盖较厚，缺乏关键的地质标志，其东向延伸在东北地区尚不清楚。此外，本区中生代多金属矿床的深部成矿背景尚不清楚，迫切需要高分辨率的地壳上地幔构造。本文利用东CAOB周边永久地震台站和便携式地震台站的地震资料，结合完整的布格重力异常资料，利用全波形环境噪声和重力联合反演，同时构建了该区域周边地壳和上地幔的高分辨率三维v和密度模型。我们的v和密度模型揭示了东部CAOB的速度和密度结构的近似对称特征，表明Solonker缝合带的北边界沿锡林浩特—桐庐—白城—大庆线向东延伸，南边界沿临西—长岭—吉林线向东延伸。此外，我们的Vs模型表明，大兴安岭南部中生代多金属矿床主要位于北北东向莫霍梯度带西侧的上地壳高Vs值叠加带和莫霍坳陷隆起带附近。莫霍过渡带可能代表了深部地壳边界，有利于成矿岩浆和成矿流体从地幔向上地壳上升，其覆盖层标志着未来多金属矿产勘探的远景区。

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引用次数: 0

Formation mechanism and global implications of the early Guadalupian phosphorite deposition along the eastern Palaeo-Tethys upwelling region (South China) 古特提斯东部上升流区早瓜达鲁普期磷矿沉积形成机制及其全球意义

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.009

Zhongqi Hu , Bolin Zhang , Xianguo Lang , Jian Cao , Suping Yao

The Guadalupian (Middle Permian) marks a critical interval of climatic–oceanographic transition during the waning of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA), accompanied by widespread phosphorite deposits in South China and North America. However, the linkage between palaeoenvironmental change and phosphorite formation remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the Kuhfeng Formation phosphorite deposition of the Lower Yangtze region in South China through integrated petrographic, mineralogical, geochronologic, and geochemical analyses. Our results suggest that phosphorite accumulated mainly in continental margin slope settings during the early Guadalupian (∼272.95 – 270.6 Ma), with phosphorus (P) hosted primarily in apatite. Left-sloping REE patterns, high Y/Ho values, and strong Al–P₂O₅ anti-correlation point to a dominantly marine source of phosphorus with limited volcanic input. Palaeoenvironmental proxies reveal warm-humid climates, strong upwelling, high productivity, suboxic-anoxic conditions, and elevated salinity during deposition. Based on an integrated tectonic–climatic–oceanic analysis, we propose an upwelling-driven high productivity mechanism under deglacial warming and intensified tectonism, controlling phosphorite formation. Following the deglaciation of the LPIA, enhanced upwelling and volcanic activity supplied abundant P, stimulating high primary productivity and abundant organic matter formation. This process promoted the deposition and decomposition of P–rich organic matter near the sediment–water interface, releasing large amounts of P into pore waters and finally facilitating phosphate precipitation. Comparison with contemporaneous phosphorite deposits in North America further suggests a global upwelling-driven mechanism for Guadalupian phosphorite formation.

瓜达鲁普期（中二叠世）标志着晚古生代冰期（LPIA）末期气候-海洋学转变的一个关键时期，伴随着华南和北美广泛的磷矿沉积。然而，古环境变化与磷矿形成之间的联系仍然知之甚少。本文通过岩石学、矿物学、地质年代学和地球化学综合分析，对华南下扬子地区库峰组磷矿沉积进行了研究。我们的研究结果表明，在瓜达鲁普期早期（~ 272.95 ~ 270.6 Ma），磷(P)主要赋存于磷灰石中，主要聚集在大陆边缘斜坡环境中。左倾斜的REE模式、高Y/Ho值和强的Al-P2O5反相关表明，磷主要来自海相，火山输入有限。古环境指标显示，沉积时期气候温暖湿润、上升流强、生产力高、缺氧条件和盐度升高。基于构造-气候-海洋的综合分析，提出了在融冰增温和构造活动加剧下，由上升流驱动的高产机制，控制着磷矿的形成。在冰期消退后，上升流和火山活动增强，提供了丰富的磷，促进了高初级生产力和丰富的有机质形成。这一过程促进了沉积物-水界面附近富P有机质的沉积和分解，将大量P释放到孔隙水中，最终促进了磷酸盐的沉淀。与北美同时期磷矿床的对比进一步表明，瓜达鲁普系磷矿形成具有全球性的上升流驱动机制。

{"title":"Formation mechanism and global implications of the early Guadalupian phosphorite deposition along the eastern Palaeo-Tethys upwelling region (South China)","authors":"Zhongqi Hu , Bolin Zhang , Xianguo Lang , Jian Cao , Suping Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Guadalupian (Middle Permian) marks a critical interval of climatic–oceanographic transition during the waning of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA), accompanied by widespread phosphorite deposits in South China and North America. However, the linkage between palaeoenvironmental change and phosphorite formation remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the Kuhfeng Formation phosphorite deposition of the Lower Yangtze region in South China through integrated petrographic, mineralogical, geochronologic, and geochemical analyses. Our results suggest that phosphorite accumulated mainly in continental margin slope settings during the early Guadalupian (∼272.95 – 270.6 Ma), with phosphorus (P) hosted primarily in apatite. Left-sloping REE patterns, high Y/Ho values, and strong Al–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> anti-correlation point to a dominantly marine source of phosphorus with limited volcanic input. Palaeoenvironmental proxies reveal warm-humid climates, strong upwelling, high productivity, suboxic-anoxic conditions, and elevated salinity during deposition. Based on an integrated tectonic–climatic–oceanic analysis, we propose an upwelling-driven high productivity mechanism under deglacial warming and intensified tectonism, controlling phosphorite formation. Following the deglaciation of the LPIA, enhanced upwelling and volcanic activity supplied abundant P, stimulating high primary productivity and abundant organic matter formation. This process promoted the deposition and decomposition of P–rich organic matter near the sediment–water interface, releasing large amounts of P into pore waters and finally facilitating phosphate precipitation. Comparison with contemporaneous phosphorite deposits in North America further suggests a global upwelling-driven mechanism for Guadalupian phosphorite formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 184-202"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A hybrid machine learning-geospatial approach to decipher long-term groundwater trends in Thoothukudi, India 一种混合机器学习-地理空间方法来破译印度Thoothukudi的长期地下水趋势

IF 6.1 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.013

M. Kirubakaran, J. Colins Johnny

引用次数: 0

Seeking El Dorado: Iceland’s carbon dioxide removal service opportunities to meet global demand and a new lens on overnight transition cost 寻求黄金国：冰岛二氧化碳去除服务的机会，以满足全球需求，并对隔夜过渡成本的新视角

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.016

Dominik Keiner, Yousef Pourjamal, Siavash Khalili, Christian Breyer

Carbon dioxide removal is likely needed to reach the 1.5°C and a more ambitious 1.0°C target rebalancing the climate within planetary boundaries. Research on carbon dioxide removal is usually done either on global scale or for large regions. Dedicated energy system integration of a large-scale carbon dioxide removal industry sector into a national energy system is not yet state-of-the-art. This study closes this research gap for the case of Iceland, one of the most promising countries in the world to act as a carbon dioxide removal hub due to its geologically favourable conditions for in-situ mineralisation, and abundance of renewable energy sources including geothermal energy. Incorporating a novel method to represent the legacy transition cost in an overnight system transition model, several scenarios are applied varying the availability of geothermal energy and carbon dioxide removal service contribution to global demand for ambitious climate targets. The results indicate the requirement of alternative renewable energy sources beyond hydropower and geothermal energy, while large-scale carbon dioxide removal is possible. Renewable power generation capacities are required to significantly increase; onshore wind power, solar photovoltaics, and wave power are identified as additional pillars to supply the energy required. Instead of energy supply, the availability of workforce is identified as the main limitation, and 1 GtCO₂/a seems a realistic upper bound for carbon dioxide removal in Iceland. The gross domestic product per capita could be doubled by 2070, turning Iceland into one of the richest countries in the world and the ‘El Dorado’ of carbon dioxide removal.

二氧化碳的去除可能需要达到1.5 °C和更雄心勃勃的1.0 °C目标，以在地球范围内重新平衡气候。二氧化碳去除的研究通常是在全球范围内或在大区域内进行的。将大规模二氧化碳去除工业部门纳入国家能源系统的专用能源系统还不是最先进的。这项研究填补了冰岛的研究空白，冰岛是世界上最有希望作为二氧化碳去除中心的国家之一，因为它的地质条件有利于原地矿化，并且拥有丰富的可再生能源，包括地热能。结合一种新的方法来表示隔夜系统转换模型中的遗留转换成本，应用了几种不同的场景，包括地热能的可用性和二氧化碳去除服务对实现雄心勃勃的气候目标的全球需求的贡献。结果表明，除了水电和地热能之外，还需要可替代的可再生能源，而大规模的二氧化碳去除是可能的。可再生能源发电能力需要大幅提高；陆上风力发电、太阳能光伏发电和波浪能被确定为提供所需能源的额外支柱。劳动力的可用性被确定为主要限制，而不是能源供应，1 GtCO2/a似乎是冰岛二氧化碳去除的现实上限。到2070年，人均国内生产总值（gdp）可能翻一番，使冰岛成为世界上最富有的国家之一，并成为二氧化碳减排的“黄金国”。

{"title":"Seeking El Dorado: Iceland’s carbon dioxide removal service opportunities to meet global demand and a new lens on overnight transition cost","authors":"Dominik Keiner, Yousef Pourjamal, Siavash Khalili, Christian Breyer","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide removal is likely needed to reach the 1.5°C and a more ambitious 1.0°C target rebalancing the climate within planetary boundaries. Research on carbon dioxide removal is usually done either on global scale or for large regions. Dedicated energy system integration of a large-scale carbon dioxide removal industry sector into a national energy system is not yet state-of-the-art. This study closes this research gap for the case of Iceland, one of the most promising countries in the world to act as a carbon dioxide removal hub due to its geologically favourable conditions for in-situ mineralisation, and abundance of renewable energy sources including geothermal energy. Incorporating a novel method to represent the legacy transition cost in an overnight system transition model, several scenarios are applied varying the availability of geothermal energy and carbon dioxide removal service contribution to global demand for ambitious climate targets. The results indicate the requirement of alternative renewable energy sources beyond hydropower and geothermal energy, while large-scale carbon dioxide removal is possible. Renewable power generation capacities are required to significantly increase; onshore wind power, solar photovoltaics, and wave power are identified as additional pillars to supply the energy required. Instead of energy supply, the availability of workforce is identified as the main limitation, and 1 GtCO<sub>2</sub>/a seems a realistic upper bound for carbon dioxide removal in Iceland. The gross domestic product per capita could be doubled by 2070, turning Iceland into one of the richest countries in the world and the ‘El Dorado’ of carbon dioxide removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 112-133"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0