Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.027
Yizhong Huan , Linjiang Ji , Yiming Su , Feng Kong , Yang Lan , Zhaohui Feng , Siyu Wang , Tao Liang , Mingyuan Wang , Pengpeng Mo , Jian Hu , Lingqing Wang , Guangjin Zhou , Xiaoyun Li , Yazhu Wang
High-precision assessments of the spatiotemporal dynamics of global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance are needed to guide effective cross-scale governance for sustainable development. However, related studies remain limited, and the contributions and causal interactions of individual goals are unclear, hindering the identification of transformative action priorities. Here, the SDG Index, multiple spatiotemporal analysis models, and a grey forecast model were integrated to develop a new framework for assessing spatiotemporal patterns in global SDG performance from 2000 to 2030. In addition, machine learning was applied to identify the key goals contributing to SDG acceleration and to map their weighted causal interactions across the SDG system. The results showed that global SDG progress stalled after 2020 and is unlikely to be fully achieved by 2030. SDG 2 (zero hunger) significantly lagged behind, while SDG 4 (quality education) was the most influential driver, with particularly strong effects on SDGs 6 (clean water and sanitation) and 17 (partnerships for the goals). Despite strong spatial autocorrelation in SDG performance, notable disparities persist across regions. The spatial center of SDG performance shifted eastward over time, indicating that Asia has become as a key driver of global SDG acceleration, although environmental sustainability challenges persist. Although the Global North–South gap has slightly narrowed, development inequalities remain pronounced, with SDG 1 (no poverty) showing the largest disparity and SDG 2 representing a shared deficiency. This study enhances the understanding of global sustainable development progress and provides new insights applicable for broader global cooperative governance, facilitating the acceleration of the 2030 Agenda.
{"title":"Global governance priorities derived from SDG spatiotemporal dynamics and causal interactions","authors":"Yizhong Huan , Linjiang Ji , Yiming Su , Feng Kong , Yang Lan , Zhaohui Feng , Siyu Wang , Tao Liang , Mingyuan Wang , Pengpeng Mo , Jian Hu , Lingqing Wang , Guangjin Zhou , Xiaoyun Li , Yazhu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-precision assessments of the spatiotemporal dynamics of global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance are needed to guide effective cross-scale governance for sustainable development. However, related studies remain limited, and the contributions and causal interactions of individual goals are unclear, hindering the identification of transformative action priorities. Here, the SDG Index, multiple spatiotemporal analysis models, and a grey forecast model were integrated to develop a new framework for assessing spatiotemporal patterns in global SDG performance from 2000 to 2030. In addition, machine learning was applied to identify the key goals contributing to SDG acceleration and to map their weighted causal interactions across the SDG system. The results showed that global SDG progress stalled after 2020 and is unlikely to be fully achieved by 2030. SDG 2 (zero hunger) significantly lagged behind, while SDG 4 (quality education) was the most influential driver, with particularly strong effects on SDGs 6 (clean water and sanitation) and 17 (partnerships for the goals). Despite strong spatial autocorrelation in SDG performance, notable disparities persist across regions. The spatial center of SDG performance shifted eastward over time, indicating that Asia has become as a key driver of global SDG acceleration, although environmental sustainability challenges persist. Although the Global North–South gap has slightly narrowed, development inequalities remain pronounced, with SDG 1 (no poverty) showing the largest disparity and SDG 2 representing a shared deficiency. This study enhances the understanding of global sustainable development progress and provides new insights applicable for broader global cooperative governance, facilitating the acceleration of the 2030 Agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 242-253"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Permian sediments of the East Bokaro Coalfield, Jharkhand, within the Damodar Basin, are renowned for their abundant Lower Gondwana plant fossil record. The megafloral assemblages, recovered from the Barakar Formation (late Artinskian–Kungurian; late Early Permian), particularly from the Open Cast Projects of Kathara, Karo, and Khasmahal, reveal diverse insect-mediated damage. The flora is dominated by Glossopteridales (Glossopteris, Gangamopteris), followed by Cordaitales (Noeggerathiopsis, Euryphyllum) and Equisetales (Schizoneura). Of 974 examined specimens, 89 (9.13%) exhibit traces of insect activity. These traces offer critical insights into early insect behaviour and ecological interactions. Documented feeding types include galling, blotching, midrib feeding, hole feeding, margin feeding, surface abrasion, and complete surface obliteration—primarily affecting glossopterid leaves, scale leaves, and stems. Margin feeding emerges as the most prevalent damage type, accounting for 28.09% of recorded instances. Additionally, the presence of egg sacs along leaf midribs and laminae suggests oviposition behaviour.
This investigation represents the first quantitative Herbivory Index (HI) study from Indian Gondwana, providing a benchmark dataset for understanding Permian plant–insect dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere. The HI was applied to quantify feeding intensity, revealing a peak value of 31.97% for surface feeding, indicating significant insect activity. Comparative analysis with contemporaneous Permian floras from Gondwana and Laurasia demonstrates that the East Bokaro assemblage exhibits relatively diverse herbivory levels in a global context, highlighting its ecological distinctiveness.
These findings substantially contribute to our understanding of insect feeding strategies, plant–insect coevolution, and their evolutionary implications during the late Early Permian, offering a critical reference point for global deep-time herbivory studies.
{"title":"First high-intensity glossopterid herbivory index assessment from Indian Gondwana: Insights into global Permian plant–insect interactions","authors":"Paresh Ranjan Dash , Shreerup Goswami , Sanghamitra Pradhan , Duryadhan Behera","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Permian sediments of the East Bokaro Coalfield, Jharkhand, within the Damodar Basin, are renowned for their abundant Lower Gondwana plant fossil record. The megafloral assemblages, recovered from the Barakar Formation (late Artinskian–Kungurian; late Early Permian), particularly from the Open Cast Projects of Kathara, Karo, and Khasmahal, reveal diverse insect-mediated damage. The flora is dominated by Glossopteridales (<em>Glossopteris, Gangamopteris</em>), followed by Cordaitales (<em>Noeggerathiopsis, Euryphyllum</em>) and Equisetales (<em>Schizoneura</em>). Of 974 examined specimens, 89 (9.13%) exhibit traces of insect activity. These traces offer critical insights into early insect behaviour and ecological interactions. Documented feeding types include galling, blotching, midrib feeding, hole feeding, margin feeding, surface abrasion, and complete surface obliteration—primarily affecting glossopterid leaves, scale leaves, and stems. Margin feeding emerges as the most prevalent damage type, accounting for 28.09% of recorded instances. Additionally, the presence of egg sacs along leaf midribs and laminae suggests oviposition behaviour.</div><div>This investigation represents the <strong>first quantitative Herbivory Index (HI) study from Indian Gondwana</strong>, providing a benchmark dataset for understanding Permian plant–insect dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere. The HI was applied to quantify feeding intensity, revealing a peak value of 31.97% for surface feeding, indicating significant insect activity. Comparative analysis with contemporaneous Permian floras from Gondwana and Laurasia demonstrates that the East Bokaro assemblage exhibits relatively <strong>diverse herbivory levels in a global context</strong>, highlighting its ecological distinctiveness.</div><div>These findings substantially contribute to our understanding of insect feeding strategies, plant–insect coevolution, and their evolutionary implications during the late Early Permian, offering a critical reference point for global deep-time herbivory studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 254-281"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.025
Si-Lin Sun , Jian-Jun Fan , Bo-Chuan Zhang , Jia-Wei Bai , Xin-Yu Hou , Yang Wang , Li-Qiang Zhang
Reconstructing the early evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean is crucial for understanding the nature of this ocean and the tectonic dynamics of the broader Tethys domain. However, limited sedimentary data—especially the lack of early semi-abyssal to deep-ocean basin sediments—has left the early tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean poorly understood. This study takes the Mugagangri Group in the Gerze area, the middle section of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, as the research object, and conducts systematic studies on its petrology, petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and monazite U-Pb geochronology. The results confirm the presence of Middle Triassic flysch deposits, sourced from the South Qiangtang terrane on the northern margin of the Meso-Tethys Ocean. Building on these results, we conduct a comprehensive statistical analysis of relevant studies on Mugagangri Group in the Gerze area. Given the notable differences in detrital zircon characteristics and the newly identified features of Middle Triassic flysch, we propose the existence of Permian-Triassic flysch in the middle section of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone. We further classify the flysch depositional ages in the Gerze area into four groups: Permian–Early Triassic, Middle Triassic, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic, and Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. This study establishes the existence of continuous semi-deep to abyssal marine sediments in the Meso-Tethys Ocean from the Permian to the Cretaceous period and confirms, from a sedimentological perspective, that the Meso-Tethys Ocean underwent tectonic evolution for at least approximately 160 Ma. Our findings offer a novel sedimentary perspective on the early tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean and serve as a valuable reference for advancing future research on the broader tectonic evolution of the Tethys domain.
{"title":"Early evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean: Constraints from Permo-Triassic flysch deposits","authors":"Si-Lin Sun , Jian-Jun Fan , Bo-Chuan Zhang , Jia-Wei Bai , Xin-Yu Hou , Yang Wang , Li-Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructing the early evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean is crucial for understanding the nature of this ocean and the tectonic dynamics of the broader Tethys domain. However, limited sedimentary data—especially the lack of early semi-abyssal to deep-ocean basin sediments—has left the early tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean poorly understood. This study takes the Mugagangri Group in the Gerze area, the middle section of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, as the research object, and conducts systematic studies on its petrology, petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and monazite U-Pb geochronology. The results confirm the presence of Middle Triassic flysch deposits, sourced from the South Qiangtang terrane on the northern margin of the Meso-Tethys Ocean. Building on these results, we conduct a comprehensive statistical analysis of relevant studies on Mugagangri Group in the Gerze area. Given the notable differences in detrital zircon characteristics and the newly identified features of Middle Triassic flysch, we propose the existence of Permian-Triassic flysch in the middle section of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone. We further classify the flysch depositional ages in the Gerze area into four groups: Permian–Early Triassic, Middle Triassic, Late Triassic–Early Jurassic, and Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. This study establishes the existence of continuous semi-deep to abyssal marine sediments in the Meso-Tethys Ocean from the Permian to the Cretaceous period and confirms, from a sedimentological perspective, that the Meso-Tethys Ocean underwent tectonic evolution for at least approximately 160 Ma. Our findings offer a novel sedimentary perspective on the early tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys Ocean and serve as a valuable reference for advancing future research on the broader tectonic evolution of the Tethys domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 153-167"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.004
Sanghoon Kwon , Yirang Jang
{"title":"International Association for Gondwana Research (IAGR) 2025 annual convention and 22nd international conference on Gondwana to Asia: A report","authors":"Sanghoon Kwon , Yirang Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 426-430"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.003
Weerapan Srichan
{"title":"International Association for Gondwana Research 2026 Convention, the 23rd International Conference on Gondwana to Asia and International Conference on Tectonics of South East Asia (ICTSEA2026), Chiang Mai University, Thailand","authors":"Weerapan Srichan","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Page 425"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.017
Elizaveta Kovaleva , Matthew S. Huber , Anja Schreiber , Vladimir Roddatis , Nicolai Klitscher , Christian Schmidt , Richard Wirth
Extreme conditions of hypervelocity impacts are recorded in mineral grains that can be used to reconstruct the peak P-T conditions and the post-impact history of the target. Shock-metamorphosed zircons with granular textures can preserve shock metamorphic conditions and ages of impact events, but the mechanisms creating a variety of granular textures have not been fully explored. We demonstrate through detailed TEM analysis of granular zircon aggregates from two complex peak-ring impact structures (Kara, Russia; Araguainha, Brazil) that there are at least five discernible textural types of granular zircon neoblasts: (I) granular zircon reverted from reidite; (II) incongruent melting/dissociation and new crystallization of zircon; (III) solid-state recrystallization of zircon by grain boundary migration; (IV) shearing of zircon under elevated differential stress; (V) recrystallization of zircon with formation of radiating lamellae. Each type shows a unique P-T-t-cooling path related to shock metamorphic conditions. Therefore, granular zircon is a clear indicator of the impact process, which granule types record a wider variety of extreme conditions than any other mineral phase.
{"title":"Multiple P-T-t paths revealed by granular zircon open new horizons in impact research","authors":"Elizaveta Kovaleva , Matthew S. Huber , Anja Schreiber , Vladimir Roddatis , Nicolai Klitscher , Christian Schmidt , Richard Wirth","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme conditions of hypervelocity impacts are recorded in mineral grains that can be used to reconstruct the peak <em>P-T</em> conditions and the post-impact history of the target. Shock-metamorphosed zircons with granular textures can preserve shock metamorphic conditions and ages of impact events, but the mechanisms creating a variety of granular textures have not been fully explored. We demonstrate through detailed TEM analysis of granular zircon aggregates from two complex peak-ring impact structures (Kara, Russia; Araguainha, Brazil) that there are at least five discernible textural types of granular zircon neoblasts: (I) granular zircon reverted from reidite; (II) incongruent melting/dissociation and new crystallization of zircon; (III) solid-state recrystallization of zircon by grain boundary migration; (IV) shearing of zircon under elevated differential stress; (V) recrystallization of zircon with formation of radiating lamellae. Each type shows a unique <em>P-T</em>-t-cooling path related to shock metamorphic conditions. Therefore, granular zircon is a clear indicator of the impact process, which granule types record a wider variety of extreme conditions than any other mineral phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 232-241"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.019
Diana Moreno-Martín , Rubén Díez Fernández , Richard Albert , Esther Rojo-Pérez , Manuel Francisco Pereira , Axel Gerdes , Ricardo Arenas
The Cabeço de Vide Ophiolite (SW Iberian Massif) offers new insights into the tectonic evolution of the North Africa Gondwana margin. This study presents petrological, structural, and geochronological evidence to reconstruct the Cadomian tectonic evolution of the Cabeço de Vide Ophiolite and discusses possible correlations. The Cabeço de Vide Massif experienced two Cadomian deformation phases (DC1 and DC2). Besteiros thrust (Besteiros Shear Zone) is attributed to DC1, which obducted the Cabeço de Vide Ophiolite onto the Ediacaran series deposited along the Gondwana margin (top-to-E-NE emplacement). DC2 produced a normal-sense ductile shear zone with top-to-the-SE kinematics (Cabeço de Vide Shear Zone). A cross-sectional data analysis combining geochronological evidence with U-Pb dating in calcite (marbles) and zircon (amphibolites, metagranites and metaconglomerates) constrains the age of DC1 between ca. 623–523 Ma. The same analysis suggests a Cambrian age for DC2, between ca. 523–512 Ma. The sequence, timing and kinematics of the major Cadomian structures in the study area align with those described in other sections of the Cadomian Orogen in Iberia, notably the Calzadilla Ophiolite. We propose a correlation between the Cabeço de Vide and Calzadilla ophiolites, which would emerge as two pieces of a single ophiolitic belt. This ophiolitic belt was probably obducted from a primary fore-arc basin setting inland onto Gondwana during the Cadomian Orogeny. The thrusting of the late Ediacaran ophiolites was followed by the collapse of the arc system, which was accommodated by the development of ductile extensional shear zones during the Cambrian (DC2), accompanied by uplifting, erosion and magmatism.
cabeo de Vide蛇绿岩（西南伊比利亚地块）为研究北非冈瓦纳边缘的构造演化提供了新的视角。本文通过岩石学、构造学和年代学的证据，重建了cabeo de Vide蛇绿岩的卡多米期构造演化，并讨论了可能的相关性。cabeo de Vide地块经历了两个Cadomian变形阶段（DC1和DC2）。Besteiros逆冲（Besteiros剪切带）是DC1构造的产物，它将cabeo de Vide蛇绿岩逆冲到沿Gondwana边缘沉积的埃迪卡拉系（顶-东东位位）上。DC2产生了一个正常意义上的韧性剪切带，具有顶部到se的运动学（cabeo de Vide剪切带）。结合方解石（大理岩）和锆石（角闪岩、变长岩和变质砾岩）的地质年代学证据和U-Pb定年的横断面数据分析表明，DC1的年龄在623-523 Ma之间。同样的分析表明，DC2的寒武纪年龄在523-512 Ma之间。研究区主要卡多米亚造山带的序列、时间和运动学与伊比利亚卡多米亚造山带其他剖面的描述一致，特别是Calzadilla蛇绿岩。我们提出了cabeo de Vide和Calzadilla蛇绿岩之间的相关性，它们将作为单个蛇绿岩带的两个片段出现。这条蛇绿岩带可能是在卡多米亚造山运动时期从内陆冈瓦纳的原始弧前盆地中隆起而来的。晚埃迪卡拉世蛇绿岩逆冲后，弧系崩塌，寒武纪（DC2）韧性伸展剪切带发育，并伴有隆升、侵蚀和岩浆作用。
{"title":"Cabeço de Vide Ophiolite: structure, age and correlation of an obducted marginal basin on the northern margin of Gondwana","authors":"Diana Moreno-Martín , Rubén Díez Fernández , Richard Albert , Esther Rojo-Pérez , Manuel Francisco Pereira , Axel Gerdes , Ricardo Arenas","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cabeço de Vide Ophiolite (SW Iberian Massif) offers new insights into the tectonic evolution of the North Africa Gondwana margin. This study presents petrological, structural, and geochronological evidence to reconstruct the Cadomian tectonic evolution of the Cabeço de Vide Ophiolite and discusses possible correlations. The Cabeço de Vide Massif experienced two Cadomian deformation phases (D<sub>C1</sub> and D<sub>C2</sub>). Besteiros thrust (Besteiros Shear Zone) is attributed to D<sub>C1</sub>, which obducted the Cabeço de Vide Ophiolite onto the Ediacaran series deposited along the Gondwana margin (top-to-E-NE emplacement). D<sub>C2</sub> produced a normal-sense ductile shear zone with top-to-the-SE kinematics (Cabeço de Vide Shear Zone). A cross-sectional data analysis combining geochronological evidence with U-Pb dating in calcite (marbles) and zircon (amphibolites, metagranites and metaconglomerates) constrains the age of D<sub>C1</sub> between ca. 623–523 Ma. The same analysis suggests a Cambrian age for D<sub>C2</sub>, between ca. 523–512 Ma. The sequence, timing and kinematics of the major Cadomian structures in the study area align with those described in other sections of the Cadomian Orogen in Iberia, notably the Calzadilla Ophiolite. We propose a correlation between the Cabeço de Vide and Calzadilla ophiolites, which would emerge as two pieces of a single ophiolitic belt. This ophiolitic belt was probably obducted from a primary fore-arc basin setting inland onto Gondwana during the Cadomian Orogeny. The thrusting of the late Ediacaran ophiolites was followed by the collapse of the arc system, which was accommodated by the development of ductile extensional shear zones during the Cambrian (D<sub>C2</sub>), accompanied by uplifting, erosion and magmatism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 189-205"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.018
Ricardo Pagung , Carlos Alberto Rosière , Armin Zeh , Tiago Amâncio Novo
This study integrates U–Pb zircon geochronology and Lu–Hf isotope data from metasedimentary rocks of the Southern Guanhães Basement Inlier and surroundings with detailed mapping and structural analysis to propose a refined geodynamic model for the São Francisco paleocontinent during the Statherian period, highlighting the interplay between the Espinhaço Basin sedimentation and the contemporaneous exhumation of the anorogenic Borrachudos Suite. The detrital zircon age spectra of the analyzed samples exhibit distinct clusters at Archean (3500–2500 Ma), Neoarchean–Siderian (2500–2400 Ma), Rhyacian–Orosirian (2300–1915 Ma), and Statherian (1800–1675 Ma), with a well-constrained maximum depositional age (MDA) of 1727 ± 7 Ma. The subchondritic εHf(t) signatures (−18.0 to −13.0) of the Statherian zircon grains unequivocally identify the anorogenic granites of the Borrachudos Suite as the youngest source of detritus for the Lower Espinhaço Sequence within the Southern Guanhães Basement Inlier. The comparison of relative age probability between the Lower Espinhaço Sequence in the Southern Espinhaço Range (its typical location) and the analyzed metasedimentary rocks reveals a significantly higher contribution from Statherian sources within the Guanhães Basement Inlier. The common sedimentary source of these units, combined with the distribution of normal-sense displacement faults and shear zones reactivated and aligned with the regional shear zones, whose present kinematics converge towards and enclose the area of exposure of the Borrachudos Suite, supports the interpretation that the deep plutonic rocks of the Borrachudos Suite were exhumed and eroded together with the Archean basement during the formation of the Espinhaço rift basin. This tectonic scenario resulted in the juxtaposition of sediments of the Lower Espinhaço Sequence, which were deposited between uplifted crustal blocks during the Statherian, here collectively referred to as the Guanhães Crustal Core Complex.
{"title":"Constraints on the Statherian tectonic evolution of the São Francisco paleocontinent: the Espinhaço Basin and the Guanhães Crustal Core Complex","authors":"Ricardo Pagung , Carlos Alberto Rosière , Armin Zeh , Tiago Amâncio Novo","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study integrates U–Pb zircon geochronology and Lu–Hf isotope data from metasedimentary rocks of the Southern Guanhães Basement Inlier and surroundings with detailed mapping and structural analysis to propose a refined geodynamic model for the São Francisco paleocontinent during the Statherian period, highlighting the interplay between the Espinhaço Basin sedimentation and the contemporaneous exhumation of the anorogenic Borrachudos Suite. The detrital zircon age spectra of the analyzed samples exhibit distinct clusters at Archean (3500–2500 Ma), Neoarchean–Siderian (2500–2400 Ma), Rhyacian–Orosirian (2300–1915 Ma), and Statherian (1800–1675 Ma), with a well-constrained maximum depositional age (MDA) of 1727 ± 7 Ma. The subchondritic εHf(t) signatures (−18.0 to −13.0) of the Statherian zircon grains unequivocally identify the anorogenic granites of the Borrachudos Suite as the youngest source of detritus for the Lower Espinhaço Sequence within the Southern Guanhães Basement Inlier. The comparison of relative age probability between the Lower Espinhaço Sequence in the Southern Espinhaço Range (its typical location) and the analyzed metasedimentary rocks reveals a significantly higher contribution from Statherian sources within the Guanhães Basement Inlier. The common sedimentary source of these units, combined with the distribution of normal-sense displacement faults and shear zones reactivated and aligned with the regional shear zones, whose present kinematics converge towards and enclose the area of exposure of the Borrachudos Suite, supports the interpretation that the deep plutonic rocks of the Borrachudos Suite were exhumed and eroded together with the Archean basement during the formation of the Espinhaço rift basin. This tectonic scenario resulted in the juxtaposition of sediments of the Lower Espinhaço Sequence, which were deposited between uplifted crustal blocks during the Statherian, here collectively referred to as the Guanhães Crustal Core Complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 109-130"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Abu Rusheid A-type granite and Abu Ghalaga I-type tonalite in the Southern Eastern Desert (SED) of Egypt are a part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), which was generated during the East African Orogeny. This study presents a multidisciplinary approach integrating field observations, petrography, mineral and whole-rock chemistry, and remote sensing data. The main objectives are to delineate the type and distribution of post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration, sources and mechanisms of fluid flow along shear zones, and metasomatic processes controlling mineralization in these particular granitic plutons and the ANS in general. Remote sensing, using Landsat-8 OLI, ASTER, and Sentinel-1A datasets, successfully identified structural controls of fluid flow, which has given rise to four hydrothermal alteration zones, including argillic, propylitic, phyllic and gossan. The Najd Fault System, with an NW-SE trend and its conjugated NE-SW trends, served as primary conduits, which facilitated fluid circulation and subsequent metasomatism and post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration. The studied granitoids have undergone alkali metasomatism in the form of albitization, muscovitization, and argillic overprints. Abu Rusheid granites experienced extensive albitization (Na2O, up to 7 wt%; Na/K, 15) relative to Abu Ghalaga tonalite (Na2O, up to 5.6 wt%; Na/K, 16). Isocon analyses and mass-balance calculations indicate significant mobility of major and trace elements, driven primarily by albitization processes, including Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, P, Rb, Sr, and Zn. While the apparent ‘gains’ and losses of immobile elements (e.g., U, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Y, Ti, and REE) between metasomatic fronts of the studied granitoids are probably due to dissolution of their host mineral phases such as biotite, zircon, garnet, columbite and monazite, and cannot be related to albitization processes. The surface-derived fluids serve as albitizing agent in Abu Rusheid and Abu Ghalaga granitoids. However, magmatic-hydrothermal fluid overprint is clearly evidenced in Abu Rusheid granites through muscovitization (K2O, up to 7.0 wt%) associating albitization, alongside the tetrad effect of highly to extremely albitized samples. Conversely, albitization in Abu Ghalaga tonalite is overprinted by argillic and propylitic alteration. Despite overprinting magmatic geochemical signatures by metasomatism, a set of least altered granitic samples, as well as preserved primary garnet and biotite retain primary igneous features, allowing inferences about their parental magma and tectonic setting. Abu Rusheid granites display geochemical signatures of peraluminous to alkaline crustal-derived magma (ASI: ∼1.03–1.05) in a post-collisional extension setting, with high silica (SiO2 up to 77 wt%), elevated HFSE (e.g., Nb, Zr, and Hf), and REE (up to ∼473 µg/g) contents, along with prominent negative Eu anomalies (av. Eu/Eu*= 0.002–0.04). On the other hand, Abu
{"title":"Alkali metasomatism overprinting magmatic signatures of A-type and I-type granitoids in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Insights from geochemistry and remote sensing","authors":"Mohamed Zaki Khedr , Eiichi Takazawa , Mokhles K. Azer , Mohamed Attia , Sherif Mansour , Tehseen Zafar , Zaheen Ullah , Shaimaa Ali El-Shafei","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Abu Rusheid A-type granite and Abu Ghalaga I-type tonalite in the Southern Eastern Desert (SED) of Egypt are a part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), which was generated during the East African Orogeny. This study presents a multidisciplinary approach integrating field observations, petrography, mineral and whole-rock chemistry, and remote sensing data. The main objectives are to delineate the type and distribution of post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration, sources and mechanisms of fluid flow along shear zones, and metasomatic processes controlling mineralization in these particular granitic plutons and the ANS in general. Remote sensing, using Landsat-8 OLI, ASTER, and Sentinel-1A datasets, successfully identified structural controls of fluid flow, which has given rise to four hydrothermal alteration zones, including argillic, propylitic, phyllic and gossan. The Najd Fault System, with an NW-SE trend and its conjugated NE-SW trends, served as primary conduits, which facilitated fluid circulation and subsequent metasomatism and post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration. The studied granitoids have undergone alkali metasomatism in the form of albitization, muscovitization, and argillic overprints. Abu Rusheid granites experienced extensive albitization (Na<sub>2</sub>O, up to 7 wt%; Na/K, 15) relative to Abu Ghalaga tonalite (Na<sub>2</sub>O, up to 5.6 wt%; Na/K, 16). Isocon analyses and mass-balance calculations indicate significant mobility of major and trace elements, driven primarily by albitization processes, including Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, P, Rb, Sr, and Zn. While the apparent ‘gains’ and losses of immobile elements (e.g., U, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Y, Ti, and REE) between metasomatic fronts of the studied granitoids are probably due to dissolution of their host mineral phases such as biotite, zircon, garnet, columbite and monazite, and cannot be related to albitization processes. The surface-derived fluids serve as albitizing agent in Abu Rusheid and Abu Ghalaga granitoids. However, magmatic-hydrothermal fluid overprint is clearly evidenced in Abu Rusheid granites through muscovitization (K<sub>2</sub>O, up to 7.0 wt%) associating albitization, alongside the tetrad effect of highly to extremely albitized samples. Conversely, albitization in Abu Ghalaga tonalite is overprinted by argillic and propylitic alteration. Despite overprinting magmatic geochemical signatures by metasomatism, a set of least altered granitic samples, as well as preserved primary garnet and biotite retain primary igneous features, allowing inferences about their parental magma and tectonic setting. Abu Rusheid granites display geochemical signatures of peraluminous to alkaline crustal-derived magma (ASI: ∼1.03–1.05) in a post-collisional extension setting, with high silica (SiO<sub>2</sub> up to 77 wt%), elevated HFSE (e.g., Nb, Zr, and Hf), and REE (up to ∼473 µg/g) contents, along with prominent negative Eu anomalies (av. Eu/Eu*= 0.002–0.04). On the other hand, Abu ","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 82-108"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145554299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.016
A. Polonia , A. Asioli , L. Ferraro , E. Colizza , F. Corticelli , G.J. de Lange , A. Gallerani , G. Gasparotto , L. Gasperini , G. Giorgetti , V. La Cono , G. La Spada , T. Tesi , M. Yakimov
The Hellenic Arc subduction system hosts unique brine-filled depressions that represent the world’s deepest and most hypersaline basins currently characterized by anoxic sedimentation and gypsum precipitation. Their origin is intimately linked to active tectonics and to the presence of Messinian evaporites in the sub-seafloor, but the formation processes are not fully understood. Understanding how they developed and the triggering mechanism for brine formation can provide valuable information about their evolution and the past history of such extreme environments on Earth and extraterrestrial analogues.
We conducted sediment coring and direct sampling of the brine lake Hephaestus to reconstruct the sedimentary and environmental characteristics of the basin. We found that the basin preserves a stratigraphy spanning at least 200 kyr and contains a combination of pelagic sediment and resedimented deposits. Sediment stratigraphy records the transition from oxic sediment at the core bottom to recent anoxic conditions marked by black viscous sediment. This transition is punctuated by multi-sourced slumped material that was emplaced during a catastrophic event capable of simultaneously triggering deep sea slope failures and turbidity currents from the coastal environment. Radiometric dating and age modeling suggest that sediment anoxia resulted from catastrophic sediment remobilization that occurred sometime in the time interval CE 155-439. This is consistent with the CE 365 M>8 Crete earthquake and related mega-tsunami. We propose that seismic shaking triggered slope failures, turbidity currents and large-amplitude waves of the brine interface in the neighboring anoxic Kryos basin with brine spillover from one basin into deep depression(s).
{"title":"Seismically triggered anoxia and brine spillover during the CE 365 Crete mega-earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean Sea","authors":"A. Polonia , A. Asioli , L. Ferraro , E. Colizza , F. Corticelli , G.J. de Lange , A. Gallerani , G. Gasparotto , L. Gasperini , G. Giorgetti , V. La Cono , G. La Spada , T. Tesi , M. Yakimov","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hellenic Arc subduction system hosts unique brine-filled depressions that represent the world’s deepest and most hypersaline basins currently characterized by anoxic sedimentation and gypsum precipitation. Their origin is intimately linked to active tectonics and to the presence of Messinian evaporites in the sub-seafloor, but the formation processes are not fully understood. Understanding how they developed and the triggering mechanism for brine formation can provide valuable information about their evolution and the past history of such extreme environments on Earth and extraterrestrial analogues.</div><div>We conducted sediment coring and direct sampling of the brine lake Hephaestus to reconstruct the sedimentary and environmental characteristics of the basin. We found that the basin preserves a stratigraphy spanning at least 200 kyr and contains a combination of pelagic sediment and resedimented deposits. Sediment stratigraphy records the transition from oxic sediment at the core bottom to recent anoxic conditions marked by black viscous sediment. This transition is punctuated by multi-sourced slumped material that was emplaced during a catastrophic event capable of simultaneously triggering deep sea slope failures and turbidity currents from the coastal environment. Radiometric dating and age modeling suggest that sediment anoxia resulted from catastrophic sediment remobilization that occurred sometime in the time interval CE 155-439. This is consistent with the CE 365 M>8 Crete earthquake and related mega-tsunami. We propose that seismic shaking triggered slope failures, turbidity currents and large-amplitude waves of the brine interface in the neighboring anoxic Kryos basin with brine spillover from one basin into deep depression(s).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 206-231"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145535883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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