Gondwana Research最新文献_第4页

Quaternary tectonic shortening and uplift of the Peruvian forearc due to subduction of the Nazca Ridge 纳斯卡脊的俯冲作用使秘鲁前弧第四纪构造缩短和隆起

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.008

Luis Ayala-Carazas , Willem Viveen , Patrice Baby , Rodrigo Uribe-Ventura , Steven A. Binnie , Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez , César Beltrán-Castañon

The Nazca Ridge subduction beneath the Peruvian forearc presents a unique setting to evaluate the interplay between buoyant ridge subduction and continental forearc deformation. The current understanding of forearc deformation is largely based on numerical models with limited, field-based input data from small areas. This paper therefore presents a reconstruction of tectonic deformation in this region based on two topographic profiles across the entire continental forearc. The forearc overlying the ridge crest and leading edge hosts the large Quaternary Nazca Peneplain (QNP), which has registered uplift and deformation since the onset of ridge subduction. We developed a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) deep learning model to reconstruct the QNP to its pre-eroded state and used this surface as input for two retrodeformed topographic profiles. The QNP and adjacent marine terraces were then dated using cosmogenic nuclide exposure and luminescence methods and used to calculate deformation rates. Forearc deformation involves uplift primarily due to folding, with basal thrusting or buoyancy of the Nazca Ridge acting as secondary drivers. Shortening rates since 1.85 ± 0.18 Ma to the present range from 0.32 to 0.36 mm a^-1, and surface uplift rates up to 0.37 mm a^-1. The 1.85 ± 0.18 Ma age combined with a regional bounding surface between shallow marine and fluvial gravels, provides an estimate for the timing of Nazca Ridge-overriding plate coupling. These results align with, and refine, previous numerical predictions on forearc deformation due to buoyant ridge subduction and offer a high-resolution dataset for future studies.

秘鲁前弧下的纳斯卡脊俯冲为评价浮力脊俯冲与大陆前弧变形之间的相互作用提供了一个独特的背景。目前对弧前变形的理解主要是基于数值模型和有限的、基于小区域的现场输入数据。因此，本文基于横跨整个大陆前弧的两条地形剖面，对该地区的构造变形进行了重建。上覆脊顶和前缘的前弧发育大面积的第四纪纳斯卡准平原（QNP），自脊俯冲开始以来，纳斯卡准平原发生了隆升和变形。我们开发了一个条件变分自编码器（CVAE）深度学习模型来重建QNP到其预侵蚀状态，并使用该表面作为两个反向变形地形剖面的输入。然后使用宇宙核素暴露和发光方法确定了QNP和邻近的海洋阶地的年代，并用于计算变形率。弧前变形主要是由于褶皱引起的隆升，纳斯卡山脊的基底逆冲或浮力是次要驱动因素。从1.85±0.18 Ma到现在的缩短速率为0.32 ~ 0.36 mm a-1，地表抬升速率为0.37 mm a-1。1.85±0.18 Ma年龄结合浅海砾石和河流砾石之间的区域边界面，提供了纳斯卡山脊-上覆板块耦合的时间估计。这些结果与之前关于浮力脊俯冲引起的弧前变形的数值预测一致，并对其进行了改进，为未来的研究提供了高分辨率的数据集。

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引用次数: 0

Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic uplift, exhumation, and burial of southern Gondwana margin: Thermochronological and stratigraphic constrains from Victoria Land (Antarctica) 冈瓦纳南缘晚古生代-中生代隆升、发掘和埋藏：来自南极洲维多利亚地的热年代学和地层学约束

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.003

Valerio Olivetti , Luca Zurli , Silvia Cattò , Fabrizio Balsamo , Gianluca Cornamusini , Marco Fioraso , Matteo Perotti , Giorgia Guzzo , Massimiliano Zattin , Federico Rossetti

The late Paleozoic-Mesozoic geological record of Antarctica is preserved in sedimentary successions deposited in the Gondwanide retroarc foreland basin. This basin developed as a direct response to convergence and crustal thickening along the southern margin of Gondwana during subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate. This protracted convergent tectonic setting drove the evolution of the Transantarctic Basin, which persisted from the Devonian through the Jurassic. The Transantarctic Basin is primary filled up by continental deposits, now exposed along the Transantarctic Mountains from the Weddell Sea to the northern Victoria Land. These Devonian-Jurassic sedimentary successions exhibit variations in thickness, provenance, and sedimentary facies, reflecting the long-term evolution of the paleo-Pacific convergent margin. This study investigated the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic paleo-topographic evolution of the central Prince Albert Mountains, where a thin Gondwanan stratigraphic succession is exposed. We integrate low-temperature thermochronological data (apatite fission-track and zircon (U-Th)/He) with stratigraphic evidence. Modeled thermal histories reveal an exhumation episode during the late Carboniferous to Permian, associated with the growth and subsequent erosion of a previously undescribed topographic high, referred to as Prince Albert High. The Prince Albert High formed between northern and southern Victoria Land and evolved synchronously with the Devonian-Triassic deposition of the Beacon Supergroup. We interpret its formation as a response to far-field stresses transmitted from the paleo-Pacific convergent margin, providing new insights into the geodynamic history of the Transantarctic Basin. Subsequently, this topographic high was buried beneath a Mesozoic overburden. This burial left evidence of a medium-temperature (150–180 °C) reheating process recorded in the basement and cover rocks.

南极洲晚古生代-中生代的地质记录保存在冈瓦尼德弧后前陆盆地的沉积序列中。该盆地是古太平洋板块俯冲期间冈瓦纳南缘辐合和地壳增厚的直接反应。这种漫长的趋同构造环境推动了横贯南极盆地的演化，从泥盆纪一直持续到侏罗纪。横贯南极盆地主要由大陆沉积物填满，现在沿着横贯南极山脉从威德尔海到维多利亚地北部暴露出来。这些泥盆系—侏罗系沉积序列在厚度、物源、沉积相等方面表现出不同的特征，反映了古太平洋辐合边缘的长期演化过程。本研究考察了阿尔贝王子山脉中部晚古生代-中生代古地形演化，暴露出薄的冈瓦南地层演替。我们将低温热年代学数据（磷灰石裂变径迹和锆石(U-Th)/He）与地层证据相结合。模拟的热历史揭示了石炭世晚期到二叠纪期间的一次挖掘事件，与先前描述的地形高地（称为阿尔伯特王子高地）的生长和随后的侵蚀有关。阿尔伯特王子高地形成于维多利亚地南北之间，与灯塔超群的泥盆纪-三叠纪沉积同步演化。我们将其形成解释为对古太平洋辐合边缘传递的远场应力的响应，为跨南极盆地的地球动力学历史提供了新的见解。随后，这一地形高地被埋在中生代覆盖层之下。这种埋藏在基底和盖层岩石中留下了中温（150-180°C）再加热过程的证据。

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引用次数: 0

Shaping the green future: How energy transition and eco-innovation can influence the financial development-ecological footprint nexus in EU countries 塑造绿色未来：能源转型和生态创新如何影响欧盟国家的金融发展-生态足迹关系

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.005

Xiaoli Wang , Mahmood Ahmad , Zahoor Ahmed , Xiyue Yang

The financial sector stands at a critical crossroads in the 21st century, wielding immense power to shape our world’s economic landscape and environmental future. The role of finance in climate change is increasingly scrutinized as the world grapples with environmental degradation. Once a cornerstone of economic growth, financial development faces a paradox: how can it drive prosperity while enhancing environmental quality? While previous research has extensively explored the economic implications of financial development, its potential to improve environmental quality through mechanisms like energy transition and eco-innovation remains relatively unexplored. This study explores the interplay between financial development, energy transition, and eco-innovation in shaping the environmental quality in EU nations. Advanced econometric techniques, including the panel quantile regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods, are utilized to achieve this objective. The results reveal that while financial development significantly increases the ecological footprint, energy transition and eco-innovation contribute to its reduction. Interestingly, the interaction between financial development and energy transition negatively impacts the ecological footprint, suggesting that financial development can indirectly improve environmental quality when aligned with energy transition efforts. Similarly, the interaction between financial development and eco-innovation exhibits a negative effect, although its significance varies across different quantiles. The results remain consistent after the robustness check. These findings have important implications for EU policymakers seeking to achieve sustainable development goals, particularly in balancing financial sector growth with environmental protection. The study suggests implementing differential regulatory frameworks for financial institutions. Specifically, it proposes imposing stricter credit regulations on environmentally polluting industries while creating more favorable lending conditions for sustainable energy investments and eco-innovative enterprises. These policies will likely align financial sector development with sustainable development.

21世纪，金融业正站在一个关键的十字路口，拥有塑造世界经济格局和环境未来的巨大力量。随着世界与环境恶化作斗争，金融在气候变化中的作用受到越来越多的审视。金融发展曾经是经济增长的基石，但它面临着一个悖论：如何在促进繁荣的同时提高环境质量？虽然以前的研究已经广泛探讨了金融发展的经济影响，但其通过能源转型和生态创新等机制改善环境质量的潜力仍然相对未被探索。本研究探讨了金融发展、能源转型和生态创新在塑造欧盟国家环境质量中的相互作用。先进的计量经济学技术，包括面板分位数回归和人工神经网络（ANN）方法，被用来实现这一目标。结果表明，金融发展显著增加了生态足迹，而能源转型和生态创新则有助于减少生态足迹。有趣的是，金融发展和能源转型之间的相互作用对生态足迹产生了负面影响，这表明金融发展与能源转型努力相结合可以间接改善环境质量。同样，金融发展与生态创新之间的相互作用也表现出负向效应，尽管其显著性在不同的分位数上有所不同。稳健性检验后，结果保持一致。这些发现对寻求实现可持续发展目标的欧盟政策制定者具有重要意义，特别是在平衡金融部门增长与环境保护方面。该研究建议对金融机构实施差异化监管框架。具体而言，它建议对环境污染行业实施更严格的信贷监管，同时为可持续能源投资和生态创新企业创造更有利的贷款条件。这些政策可能会使金融部门的发展与可持续发展保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating climate challenges: harnessing energy, eco-innovation, and climate policy in achieving sustainable development goals 应对气候挑战：利用能源、生态创新和气候政策实现可持续发展目标

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.004

Huangxin Chen , Li Zhang , Stefania Pinzon , Meijin Chen , Bin Chen

Carbon emissions cause climate change, a danger to society and the environment. Despite efforts, the US remains one of the largest carbon dioxide emitters, which may lead to rising seas, increased natural disasters, and ecological catastrophes. Therefore, we need policies that are immediately effective in preventing carbon emissions. In this perspective, this study scrutinizes the role of Energy Transition (E_T), Eco-Innovation (E_INO), Globalization (G_N), Sustainable Consumption (S_C), and Climate Policy Uncertainty (C_PU) on CO₂ emissions and Load Capacity Factor (L_CF) from 1980 to 2019. Utilizing cutting-edge econometric techniques includes dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) simulations and Cumulative Fourier Frequency Domain Causality (CFFDC). The results indicate that E_INO reduces emissions, while E_T and C_PU provide short-term reductions. Conversely, G_N and S_C shortly upsurge emissions, though S_C behaves differently under CFFDC analysis. The study also divulges bidirectional causality among most variables, with G_N and S_C significantly impacting L_CF in specific models. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted policies, such as carbon taxes, incentives for renewable energy adoption, and stringent emissions regulations, to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13. In conclusion, such policy measures are critical for the United States to contribute effectively to global efforts to combat climate change.

碳排放导致气候变化，对社会和环境构成威胁。尽管做出了努力，但美国仍然是最大的二氧化碳排放国之一，这可能导致海平面上升，自然灾害和生态灾难增加。因此，我们需要立即有效防止碳排放的政策。在这一视角下，本研究考察了1980 - 2019年能源转型（ET）、生态创新（EINO）、全球化（GN）、可持续消费（SC）和气候政策不确定性（CPU）对二氧化碳排放和负荷能力因子（LCF）的影响。利用尖端的计量经济学技术，包括动态自回归分布滞后（ARDL）模拟和累积傅立叶频域因果关系（CFFDC）。结果表明，EINO减少排放，而ET和CPU提供短期减排。相反，GN和SC很快就会增加排放，尽管SC在CFFDC分析下表现不同。该研究还揭示了大多数变量之间的双向因果关系，在特定模型中，GN和SC显著影响LCF。这些发现强调了实施有针对性的政策（如碳税、可再生能源采用激励措施和严格的排放法规）对实现可持续发展目标7和13的重要性。总而言之，这些政策措施对于美国有效地为应对气候变化的全球努力作出贡献至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Data-driven mining reveals a cross-temperature correlation between gold and tungsten: implications for magmatic controls in Carlin-type gold deposits 数据驱动采矿揭示了卡林型金矿床金钨间的交叉温度相关性及其岩浆控制意义

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.001

Biaobiao Zhu , Yongzhang Zhou , Changyu Zeng , Xinhui Yu , Zhengzhe Wang , Shengtao Cao , Pengpeng Yu

Nevada (USA) and the Youjiang Basin (China) are the two largest Carlin-type gold provinces in the world, despite their distinct geological frameworks. The magmatic-hydrothermal model provides a credible explanation for Nevada’s deposits, but the apparent magmatic absence of magmatic rocks in the Youjiang Basin challenges it. To elucidate this enigmatic phenomenon, We integrated 2,210 catchment-derived stream-sediment samples from the Youjiang Basin with 54 lithogeochemical samples from Nevada’s Getchell district, and applied an innovative association-rule graph analysis method.Two findings are revealed: (1) The Au-As-Sb triad constitutes a diagnostic geochemical fingerprint for Carlin-type gold deposits. Metal enrichments (Cu, Mo, Co, Cr, Pb, Zn) exhibit strong co-precipitation with Au anomalies (support = 0.10, confidence = 0.90), indicative of element migration coupled with gold mineralization processes. (2) Topological coupling between low-temperature Au-As-Sb and high-temperature W anomalies is quantitatively established in both regions (support > 0.20, confidence > 0.90), implying a cross-temperature correlation. The magmatic-hydrothermal model can explain the Au-W correlation in Nevada. Thus, the correlation for the Youjiang may also imply a magmatic origin. This is evidenced by the following clues: Hg isotopes indicating a mixture of magmatic and basement-derived sources for Au, deep buried granite bodies temporally overlapping with gold mineralization. Combined with previous studies, we proposed a common magma-driven metallogenic model for Carlin-type deposits: The rising Au-W-bearing magmatic hydrothermal fluids mixed with the magmatically heated meteoric fluids that leached Au from the basement rocks, and subsequently precipitated Au-As-Sb-Hg-rich pyrite and W-bearing mineral assemblages within the carbonate host formations. In this context, the majority of gold is sourced from magmas for Nevada subtype and both of magmas and basement for the Youjiang subtype, respectively. This study highlights data-driven recognition of magmatic signature in sediment-hosted gold systems and establishes a new paradigm for the understanding of metallogenic architecture.

美国内华达州和中国右江盆地是世界上最大的两个卡林型金矿省，尽管它们的地质格架各不相同。岩浆热液模型为内华达州的矿床提供了一个可信的解释，但右江盆地明显的岩浆缺乏对其提出了挑战。为了解释这一神秘的现象，我们将来自右江盆地的2210个流域的河流-沉积物样本与来自内华达州Getchell地区的54个岩石地球化学样本进行了整合，并应用了一种创新的关联规则图分析方法。结果表明：(1)Au-As-Sb三联体是卡林型金矿床的地球化学指纹图谱。金属富集（Cu, Mo, Co, Cr, Pb, Zn）与Au异常（支持度= 0.10，置信度= 0.90）表现出强烈的共沉淀，表明元素迁移与金矿化过程耦合。(2)在两个区域均定量建立了低温Au-As-Sb和高温W异常之间的拓扑耦合（支持度>； 0.20，置信度>； 0.90），表明存在交叉温度相关性。岩浆-热液模式可以解释内华达州的Au-W相关性。因此，右江的对比也可能暗示岩浆成因。汞同位素表明金的来源是岩浆源和基底源的混合，深埋花岗岩体与金矿成矿时间重叠。结合前人研究，提出了卡林型矿床的岩浆驱动成矿模式：上升的含Au- w的岩浆热液与岩浆加热的大气流体混合，从基底岩中浸出Au，随后在碳酸盐寄主地层中沉淀出富Au- as - sb - hg的黄铁矿和含w矿物组合。在此背景下，内华达亚型金矿主要来源于岩浆，右江亚型金矿主要来源于岩浆和基底。该研究强调了数据驱动的沉积物含金系统岩浆特征识别，为认识成矿构造建立了新的范式。

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引用次数: 0

Western Australian Tumblagooda Sandstone record of early Paleozoic life on land 西澳大利亚的tumblr agooda砂岩记录了早古生代陆地上的生命

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.023

Gregory J. Retallack

The geological age of the fluvial-eolian Tumblagooda Sandstone has been controversial with advocates for Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, and Early Devonian age, but this study finds evidence for all of the above in different parts of the formation. Cambrian is indicated by conodonts, Ordovician by euthycarcinoids, Ordovician-Silurian by spores, and Early Devonian by fish scales. A paleomagnetic paleopole and reversal near the top of local outcrops of Tumblagooda Sandstone on the coast near Kalbarri is the same as 9 other Ordovician paleopoles and very different from 7 Silurian paleopoles. Like paleomagnetism, pedostratigraphy using greenhouse transients from calcic horizon depth in paleosols requires independent time constraints, and is here reassessed to confirm that Tumblagooda Sandstone identified in the Wendy core is much younger (Silurian-Devonian) than the formation along the Murchison River and sea cliffs near Kalbarri (Cambrian-Silurian). New age constraints demonstrate that colonization of land by animals, plants, and lichens fueled the marine Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Documented increases in soil weathering, transpiration, and nutrient depletion were later exceeded with advent of vascular plant roots and stomates during the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution.

河流-风成砂岩的地质年代一直存在争议，有人认为是寒武纪、奥陶纪、志留纪和早泥盆世，但这项研究在地层的不同部分发现了上述所有的证据。寒武系以牙形刺为标志，奥陶系以类甲藻为标志，奥陶系-志留纪以孢子为标志，早泥盆世以鱼鳞为标志。靠近卡尔巴里海岸的托尔巴古达砂岩局部露头顶部附近的一个古地磁极和反转与其他9个奥陶系古极相同，与7个志留系古极有很大不同。与古地磁一样，利用古土壤钙层深度温室瞬变的土壤地层学需要独立的时间约束，在这里重新评估以确认温蒂岩心中发现的Tumblagooda砂岩比沿着Murchison河和Kalbarri附近的海崖（寒武纪-志留纪）的地层要年轻得多（志留纪-泥盆纪）。新的时代限制表明，动物、植物和地衣对陆地的殖民推动了海洋大奥陶纪生物多样化事件。在志留纪-泥盆纪陆地革命期间，随着维管植物根和气孔的出现，土壤风化、蒸腾和养分消耗的增加被超越。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence-driven environmental toxicology: Emerging strategies for microplastics risk assessment 人工智能驱动的环境毒理学：微塑料风险评估的新兴策略

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.021

Zeliang Su , Luyi Zhang , Kai Chen , Linyong Zhi , Xiaoping Huan , Fang Chen , Xu Wang , Jun Wang

Microplastics (MPs), as an emerging contaminant ubiquitously distributed in the environment, exhibit complex physicochemical properties and environmental behaviors, thereby hindering their toxicological assessment. Artificial intelligence (AI), with its capacity to process heterogeneous and high-dimensional data, offers new opportunities to advance MPs toxicology. To promote the integration of these fields, this review outlines the computational foundations and modeling workflows of AI in toxicology, summarizes recent progress and challenges in MPs research, and discusses current and emerging AI applications related to MPs toxicology. Main results include: (1) A summary of the multilayered data types involved in environmental toxicology highlights their suitability as inputs for AI modeling. Selecting appropriate preprocessing strategies and modeling approaches according to data characteristics and experimental objectives is essential for generating reliable outcomes. (2) MPs toxicology has expanded rapidly, establishing methodological frameworks across multiple biological levels. However, the field remains fragmented, with major gaps in ecological relevance, standardization, and translational validity. (3) AI has been applied to particle identification, structure-based toxicity prediction, multi-omics integration, and shared-data analysis. It is further expected to enable cross-scale phenotypic prediction, mechanistic discovery, and standardized risk assessment. (4) Major challenges in applying AI to MPs toxicology include limited data volume, poor model interpretability, insufficient computational capacity, and weak regulatory integration. Addressing these issues requires standardized experimental protocols, interdisciplinary collaboration, and international coordination. In summary, AI provides a transformative framework to strengthen MPs toxicology and enable accelerated, ethically aligned, and integrative environmental risk assessment.

微塑料作为一种新兴的污染物，普遍存在于环境中，具有复杂的物理化学性质和环境行为，给其毒理学评价带来了困难。人工智能（AI）具有处理异构和高维数据的能力，为推进MPs毒理学提供了新的机会。为了促进这些领域的整合，本文概述了人工智能在毒理学中的计算基础和建模工作流程，总结了MPs研究的最新进展和挑战，并讨论了当前和新兴的与MPs毒理学相关的人工智能应用。主要结果包括：(1)环境毒理学中涉及的多层数据类型的总结强调了它们作为人工智能建模输入的适用性。根据数据特点和实验目标选择合适的预处理策略和建模方法是生成可靠结果的关键。(2) MPs毒理学已经迅速扩展，建立了跨多个生物学水平的方法框架。然而，该领域仍然是碎片化的，在生态相关性、标准化和翻译有效性方面存在重大差距。(3)人工智能已应用于颗粒识别、基于结构的毒性预测、多组学集成和共享数据分析。该方法有望进一步实现跨尺度表型预测、机制发现和标准化风险评估。(4)人工智能应用于MPs毒理学的主要挑战包括数据量有限、模型可解释性差、计算能力不足、监管整合能力弱。解决这些问题需要标准化的实验方案、跨学科合作和国际协调。总之，人工智能提供了一个变革性框架，以加强MPs毒理学，并实现加速、符合伦理和综合的环境风险评估。

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引用次数: 0

Improving rainfall-triggered landslide susceptibility mapping through source-area boundary sampling and multi- dimensional feature analysis 通过源区边界采样和多维特征分析改进降雨诱发滑坡易感性填图

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.024

Haoxing Zhao, Qiang Xu, Wanlin Chen, Fanshu Xu, Dalei Peng, Chuanhao Pu, Ruiyang Liu, Yuyang Shen

Accurate landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is critical for disaster risk assessment and mitigation, particularly in regions vulnerable to rainfall-induced slope failures. While sample selection is a key determinant of LSM accuracy, most existing approaches rely on landslide centroids or entire polygons due to resolution constraints. The potential advantages of boundary-based sampling within source areas remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the rainfall-triggered landslides that occurred in July 2013 in Tianshui City, China. Using high-resolution remote sensing and LiDAR data, we established a detailed inventory of landslides and their source areas. We developed a multi-dimensional LSM framework and introduced a novel Landslide Susceptibility Score (LSS), derived from the confusion matrix, to quantitatively assess the accuracy and practical reliability of susceptibility maps. The findings demonstrate that boundary sampling within source areas substantially enhances predictive performance. The Random Forest model achieved the best results (AUC = 0.960, F1 = 0.890, LSS = 37776), validating the methodological advantage of this sampling strategy. Furthermore, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were employed to construct a multidimensional reasoning framework for landslide failure mechanisms, revealing the dominant roles of slope aspect, elevation, and surface roughness in modulating hydrological processes that drive slope instability. This research highlights the geotechnical and geomorphological significance of boundary-based source area sampling, establishing a robust methodological foundation for high-precision and automated LSM under extreme rainfall conditions. The proposed LSS further provides a comprehensive and scalable tool for evaluating susceptibility model performance in future studies.

准确的滑坡易感性测绘（LSM）对于灾害风险评估和减灾至关重要，特别是在易受降雨引起的边坡破坏影响的地区。虽然样本选择是LSM精度的关键决定因素，但由于分辨率的限制，大多数现有方法依赖于滑坡质心或整个多边形。在源区域内基于边界的采样的潜在优势在很大程度上仍未被探索。本研究调查了2013年7月发生在中国天水市的降雨引发的山体滑坡。利用高分辨率遥感和激光雷达数据，我们建立了滑坡及其震源区域的详细清单。我们开发了一个多维LSM框架，并引入了一个新的滑坡易感性评分（LSS），该评分来源于混淆矩阵，用于定量评估易感性图的准确性和实际可靠性。研究结果表明，源区域内的边界采样大大提高了预测性能。随机森林模型获得了最好的结果（AUC = 0.960, F1 = 0.890, LSS = 37776），验证了该抽样策略的方法学优势。此外，利用SHapley加性解释（SHapley Additive exPlanations， SHAP）构建了滑坡破坏机制的多维推理框架，揭示了坡向、高程和地表粗糙度在调节驱动边坡失稳的水文过程中的主导作用。该研究突出了基于边界的源区采样的岩土和地貌学意义，为极端降雨条件下高精度自动化LSM奠定了坚实的方法学基础。提出的LSS进一步为未来研究中评估敏感性模型的性能提供了一个全面和可扩展的工具。

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引用次数: 0

New insights on early diagenesis and palaeoenvironment of the Late Triassic bonebeds of India: evidence from rare earth element concentrations in fossil vertebrates 印度晚三叠世骨床早期成岩作用与古环境的新认识：来自脊椎动物化石中稀土元素浓度的证据

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.020

Aishee Sanyal, Sanghamitra Ray

This first comprehensive geochemical investigation of vertebrate fossils from India focuses on mass death assemblages recovered from four contemporaneous bonebeds in the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation, India. The study encompasses three extinct tetrapod taxonomic groups, namely the metoposaurids, phytosaurs and rhynchosaurs that co-existed, occupied different life habits and proliferated on the Tiki landscape. Geochemical signals including high crystallinity indices with low variability, similar patterns of Post-Archean Australian Shale-normalised mean rare earth element concentrations, considerable overlapping of convex hull polygons, and consistent enrichment in middle rare earth elements suggest similar early diagenetic palaeoenvironments for the four Tiki bonebeds. Such enrichment in middle rare earth elements is seen because of the presence of iron oxide within a terrestrial well-oxygenated fluvial setting that prevailed during fossilisation. The burial was a single-phase event, likely caused by a major flooding event, irrespective of whether the fossil accumulation was time-averaged, attritional or catastrophic. Differences in mean rare earth element concentrations in the taxonomic groups may have resulted from variation in their infiltration that was influenced by bone density which in-turn was influenced by contrasts in lifestyle. A positive europium anomaly in all specimens suggests localised reducing or anaerobic conditions resulting from autolytic degradation of the tissues at the time of early diagenesis. Studied specimens exhibited both positive and negative cerium anomalies that signify variations in the duration of subaerial exposure prior to burial, weathering stages and burial depth. The study helped in delineating the early diagenetic palaeoenvironments and reconstructing fossilisation pathways of the four Late Triassic bonebeds and highlights the significance of understanding geochemical signals in fossil bones.

这是对印度脊椎动物化石的第一次全面的地球化学调查，重点是在印度上三叠统提基组的四个同时期骨床中发现的大规模死亡组合。该研究涵盖了三个已灭绝的四足动物分类群，即中跖龙、植龙和舌龙，它们共存，有着不同的生活习惯，并在提基地貌上繁衍生息。高结晶度、低变异性的地球化学信号、后太古代澳大利亚页岩标准化平均稀土元素浓度的相似模式、凸壳多边形的大量重叠以及中稀土元素的一致富集表明，提基4个骨床具有相似的早期成岩古环境。这种中稀土元素的富集是由于在石化期间普遍存在的陆生含氧良好的河流环境中存在氧化铁。掩埋是一个单一阶段的事件，可能是由一次大的洪水事件引起的，无论化石堆积是时间平均的，是磨损的还是灾难性的。分类类群中平均稀土元素浓度的差异可能是由于其浸润的变化，而浸润的变化受骨密度的影响，而骨密度又受生活方式差异的影响。所有标本的阳性铕异常表明，早期成岩作用时组织的自溶降解导致局部减少或厌氧条件。所研究的标本显示出阳性和阴性的铈异常，这表明在埋藏前的地面暴露时间、风化阶段和埋藏深度的变化。该研究有助于圈定晚三叠世4个骨床的早成岩古环境和重建化石路径，并强调了理解化石骨中的地球化学信号的意义。

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引用次数: 0

The role of renewable energy transition in achieving carbon neutrality within the SDG framework: challenges, and prospects 可再生能源转型在可持续发展目标框架内实现碳中和中的作用：挑战与前景

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.022

Moslem Ansarinasab

The transition of economies to renewable energy is one of the most important and fundamental building blocks for achieving decarbonization, and both are increasingly important in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This article systematically reviewed 32 peer-reviewed scientific articles published between 2000 and 2025, following the PRISMA guidelines. Thematic linkage findings showed that the stronger the transition to sustainable energy, the faster the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Co-authorship and co-citation analysis indicated that China, Bangladesh, and Pakistan were the leading countries in this direction. The keyword map also showed technological innovation, energy policy, and environmental sustainability as the focus of the studies. However, the findings showed that despite all the efforts made in this field, areas such as integrating social justice, poverty reduction and biodiversity protection in the energy transition remain neglected in studies. Therefore, a coherent global, transnational and targeted strategy seems necessary in this regard. Therefore, this study highlights three key insights in this regard: (1) The transition to renewable energy by accelerating decarbonization will facilitate access to affordable and clean energy as a sustainable development goal. (2) The more investments in the renewable energy transition are strengthened with complementary policies such as carbon pricing and technology transfer, the better the climate change outcomes will be. (3) Emphasis on green innovations in storage infrastructure and smart energy grids will lead to the development of green jobs and sustainable industrial growth.

经济向可再生能源转型是实现脱碳的最重要和最基本的组成部分之一，两者在实现联合国可持续发展目标方面日益重要。本文系统地回顾了2000年至2025年间发表的32篇同行评议的科学文章，遵循PRISMA指南。专题联系调查结果表明，向可持续能源的过渡越快，实现可持续发展目标的速度就越快，包括可持续发展目标7（负担得起的清洁能源）、可持续发展目标13（气候行动）和可持续发展目标9（工业、创新和基础设施）。共同作者和共被引分析表明，中国、孟加拉国和巴基斯坦是这一方向的主要国家。关键词地图还显示了技术创新、能源政策和环境可持续性是研究的重点。然而，研究结果表明，尽管在这一领域做出了所有努力，但在能源转型中整合社会正义、减贫和生物多样性保护等领域仍然被忽视。因此，在这方面似乎需要一项连贯的全球、跨国和目标明确的战略。因此，本研究强调了这方面的三个关键见解：(1)通过加速脱碳向可再生能源的过渡将促进获得负担得起的清洁能源，并将其作为可持续发展目标。(2)可再生能源转型投资力度越大，碳定价和技术转让等政策配套力度越大，应对气候变化效果越好。(3)重视储能基础设施和智能电网的绿色创新，将促进绿色就业的发展和产业的可持续增长。

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引用次数: 0