Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.006
Yanbing Liu , Tae-Kyung Hong , Junhyung Lee , Seongjun Park , Samuel Celis , Yuxuan Chen , Jeongin Lee , Byeongwoo Kim
The Triassic collision belt between the Yangtze Block and the Sino–Korean Craton, often considered the Dabie–Sulu Orogenic Belt, may extend to the Korean Peninsula. The precise boundary locations, particularly across the Yellow Sea and Korean Peninsula, are poorly constrained. This study uses an improved double-difference tomography method; 3-D P-wave velocity structures at depths up to 55 km are determined based on data from both Chinese and South Korean stations, achieving a resolution of less than 0.5°. A potential collision front, characterized by high-velocity anomalies, is identified. It aligns with the Sulu Orogenic Belt, passing through the northern Yellow Sea, and extends to the western Korean Peninsula, including the Ongjin Basin, Imjingang Belt, and Hongseong area. Significant low-velocity anomalies extend from the crust of the southern Yellow Sea to the mantle beneath the southwestern Korean Peninsula, including the Okcheon Fold Belt and Jeju Island, suggesting the presence of relatively weak and/or hot material, possibly related to basin extension and mantle upwelling.
{"title":"Tomographic constraints on the collision boundary between the Yangtze Block and the Sino–Korean Craton and Yellow Sea Basin extension","authors":"Yanbing Liu , Tae-Kyung Hong , Junhyung Lee , Seongjun Park , Samuel Celis , Yuxuan Chen , Jeongin Lee , Byeongwoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Triassic collision belt between the Yangtze Block and the Sino<strong>–</strong>Korean Craton, often considered the Dabie<strong>–</strong>Sulu Orogenic Belt, may extend to the Korean Peninsula. The precise boundary locations, particularly across the Yellow Sea and Korean Peninsula, are poorly constrained. This study uses an improved double-difference tomography method; 3-D P-wave velocity structures at depths up to 55 km are determined based on data from both Chinese and South Korean stations, achieving a resolution of less than 0.5°. A potential collision front, characterized by high-velocity anomalies, is identified. It aligns with the Sulu Orogenic Belt, passing through the northern Yellow Sea, and extends to the western Korean Peninsula, including the Ongjin Basin, Imjingang Belt, and Hongseong area. Significant low-velocity anomalies extend from the crust of the southern Yellow Sea to the mantle beneath the southwestern Korean Peninsula, including the Okcheon Fold Belt and Jeju Island, suggesting the presence of relatively weak and/or hot material, possibly related to basin extension and mantle upwelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 390-408"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.020
Samantha March , Martin Hand , Laura Morrissey , David Kelsey
Contrary to previous assumptions that metamorphic rocks in the southern North Australian Craton dominantly record Paleoproterozoic processes, Lu–Hf garnet geochronology reveals widespread Mesoproterozoic metamorphism across the Warumpi and southern Aileron Provinces, as well as the Casey Inlier (1160–1130 Ma). This phase of metamorphism is coeval with the high- to ultrahigh-temperature Musgrave Orogeny in the Musgrave Province, south of the Amadeus Basin. Magnetotelluric imaging of a conductivity interface beneath the Amadeus Basin has been suggested to represent a concealed suture between the Musgrave and Warumpi Provinces that could feasibly be related to the Musgrave Orogeny. However, mineral equilibria forward modelling shows high thermal gradient metamorphism (80–195 °C kbar−1) occurs on either side of this ‘suture’, inconsistent with suppositions they are discrete pieces of crust. There is no geochronologic, thermobarometric, or structural basis to meaningfully distinguish between the southern NAC and Musgrave Provinces, with the only apparent separation being the illusion created by the overlying Amadeus Basin. Rather than a collisional regime operating during the Musgrave Orogeny, we suggest the intrusion of the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite in the Musgrave Province induced high thermal gradient metamorphism and subsequent ductile northward outflow of hot, weak material away from the orogenic hinterland and toward the Casey Inlier, Warumpi Province, and Aileron Province.
{"title":"Testing Mesoproterozoic continental suture models for central Australia using Lu–Hf garnet geochronology and mineral equilibria modelling","authors":"Samantha March , Martin Hand , Laura Morrissey , David Kelsey","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contrary to previous assumptions that metamorphic rocks in the southern North Australian Craton dominantly record Paleoproterozoic processes, Lu–Hf garnet geochronology reveals widespread Mesoproterozoic metamorphism across the Warumpi and southern Aileron Provinces, as well as the Casey Inlier (1160–1130 Ma). This phase of metamorphism is coeval with the high- to ultrahigh-temperature Musgrave Orogeny in the Musgrave Province, south of the Amadeus Basin. Magnetotelluric imaging of a conductivity interface beneath the Amadeus Basin has been suggested to represent a concealed suture between the Musgrave and Warumpi Provinces that could feasibly be related to the Musgrave Orogeny. However, mineral equilibria forward modelling shows high thermal gradient metamorphism (80–195 °C kbar<sup>−1</sup>) occurs on either side of this ‘suture’, inconsistent with suppositions they are discrete pieces of crust. There is no geochronologic, thermobarometric, or structural basis to meaningfully distinguish between the southern NAC and Musgrave Provinces, with the only apparent separation being the illusion created by the overlying Amadeus Basin. Rather than a collisional regime operating during the Musgrave Orogeny, we suggest the intrusion of the Pitjantjatjara Supersuite in the Musgrave Province induced high thermal gradient metamorphism and subsequent ductile northward outflow of hot, weak material away from the orogenic hinterland and toward the Casey Inlier, Warumpi Province, and Aileron Province.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 334-358"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.024
Jialiang Wu , Xi Xu , Weihao Wang , Jikun Jiang , Yawei Xue , Ling Jiang
Although BRICS cooperation, a prominent example of South-South collaboration among major emerging economies, has been recognized for its contributions to economic growth, its environmental implications remain relatively underexplored. This study employs a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to investigate the causal impact of BRICS cooperation on the ecological footprint (EF) of member countries, utilizing panel data spanning 1990–2020 from 24 nations. Specifically, this study treats 5 original BRICS members as an experimental group, and uses 5 newly admitted BRICS + members and 14 countries that have applied to join BRICS as a control group. Comprehensive robustness checks, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, and alternative model specifications, substantiate the findings. A mechanism analysis further explores the impact pathways through three key channels: energy transition, technological innovation, and globalization. Key findings indicate that: (1) BRICS cooperation causally reduces the EF of its member countries. (2) The cooperation facilitates EF reduction by promoting renewable and nuclear energy generation, although persistent structural dependence on fossil fuels constrains ecological gains. (3) Indigenous innovation capacity enhances the EF-reducing effects of BRICS cooperation. However, while cooperation facilitates technology introduction, it can also enable the diffusion of technologies prioritizing traditional growth over ecological sustainability, thereby leading to an increase in EF. (4) BRICS cooperation significantly promotes the globalization of member countries, which contributes to EF reduction. These findings suggest that BRICS should strategically leverage the ecological co-benefits of its cooperation, actively work to overcome fossil fuel dependence, and establish robust green technology screening and assessment mechanisms to foster sustainable resource management and environmental protection.
{"title":"BRICS cooperation and ecological sustainability: Unveiling the roles of energy transition, technological innovation, and globalization","authors":"Jialiang Wu , Xi Xu , Weihao Wang , Jikun Jiang , Yawei Xue , Ling Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although BRICS cooperation, a prominent example of South-South collaboration among major emerging economies, has been recognized for its contributions to economic growth, its environmental implications remain relatively underexplored. This study employs a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to investigate the causal impact of BRICS cooperation on the ecological footprint (EF) of member countries, utilizing panel data spanning 1990–2020 from 24 nations. Specifically, this study treats 5 original BRICS members as an experimental group, and uses 5 newly admitted BRICS + members and 14 countries that have applied to join BRICS as a control group. Comprehensive robustness checks, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, and alternative model specifications, substantiate the findings. A mechanism analysis further explores the impact pathways through three key channels: energy transition, technological innovation, and globalization. Key findings indicate that: (1) BRICS cooperation causally reduces the EF of its member countries. (2) The cooperation facilitates EF reduction by promoting renewable and nuclear energy generation, although persistent structural dependence on fossil fuels constrains ecological gains. (3) Indigenous innovation capacity enhances the EF-reducing effects of BRICS cooperation. However, while cooperation facilitates technology introduction, it can also enable the diffusion of technologies prioritizing traditional growth over ecological sustainability, thereby leading to an increase in EF. (4) BRICS cooperation significantly promotes the globalization of member countries, which contributes to EF reduction. These findings suggest that BRICS should strategically leverage the ecological co-benefits of its cooperation, actively work to overcome fossil fuel dependence, and establish robust green technology screening and assessment mechanisms to foster sustainable resource management and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 282-298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.021
Rafael R. Bender , Paulo A. Souza , Cristina M. Félix , Daiana R. Boardman , Ana Karina Scomazzon
The Paraná Basin contains continuous sedimentary sections related to the geologic evolution of Western Gondwana, which document paleoecological, paleoclimatic and paleogeographic changes from most of the Phanerozoic. Major tectonic, geological and climatic events had a direct impact on the ecosystems, affecting the local paleofloras, which are revealed from palynomorph assemblages recorded across the basin. In this study, the palynological succession of the upper portion of the Itararé Group in the eastern border of Paraná Basin is described in detail, providing insights into the glacial and terminal glacial phases related to the deposits of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in South America and neighboring regions. Samples were collected from 99 stratigraphic levels of a composite 260 m section of four boreholes, yielding well preserved, abundant and diverse palynomorph assemblages. The stratigraphic distribution of sporomorph guide taxa allowed the identification of the Crucisaccites monoletus Interval Zone (CmZ) and the Vittatina costabilis Interval Zone (VcZ), which represent the glacial and the terminal glacial phases of the basin, respectively. We provide a high resolution analysis of the former zone for the first time in the southern sector of the basin, recognizing the transition between this and the overlying VcZ from a continuous core section, resulting in a new and an improved characterization of both palynozones. Our data indicate that the glacial/terminal glacial transition in Western Gondwana is characterized by slow and gradual changes in the composition of the palynomorph associations, which are mostly defined by the first appearances of species of Vittatina and the subsequent diversification and quantitative increase of this genus. These results also support the idea that several plant groups present in the Paraná Basin took advantage of the climate amelioration that occurred in Gondwana during the Upper Paleozoic to spread southward, gradually colonizing new areas, which were previously under glacial influence.
{"title":"High resolution palynological succession from the Pennsylvanian and Permian of Paraná Basin: palynostratigraphy, paleoclimatic implications and correlation across Gondwana","authors":"Rafael R. Bender , Paulo A. Souza , Cristina M. Félix , Daiana R. Boardman , Ana Karina Scomazzon","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Paraná Basin contains continuous sedimentary sections related to the geologic evolution of Western Gondwana, which document paleoecological, paleoclimatic and paleogeographic changes from most of the Phanerozoic. Major tectonic, geological and climatic events had a direct impact on the ecosystems, affecting the local paleofloras, which are revealed from palynomorph assemblages recorded across the basin. In this study, the palynological succession of the upper portion of the Itararé Group in the eastern border of Paraná Basin is described in detail, providing insights into the glacial and terminal glacial phases related to the deposits of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in South America and neighboring regions. Samples were collected from 99 stratigraphic levels of a composite 260 m section of four boreholes, yielding well preserved, abundant and diverse palynomorph assemblages. The stratigraphic distribution of sporomorph guide taxa allowed the identification of the <em>Crucisaccites monoletus</em> Interval Zone (CmZ) and the <em>Vittatina costabilis</em> Interval Zone (VcZ), which represent the glacial and the terminal glacial phases of the basin, respectively. We provide a high resolution analysis of the former zone for the first time in the southern sector of the basin, recognizing the transition between this and the overlying VcZ from a continuous core section, resulting in a new and an improved characterization of both palynozones. Our data indicate that the glacial/terminal glacial transition in Western Gondwana is characterized by slow and gradual changes in the composition of the palynomorph associations, which are mostly defined by the first appearances of species of <em>Vittatina</em> and the subsequent diversification and quantitative increase of this genus. These results also support the idea that several plant groups present in the Paraná Basin took advantage of the climate amelioration that occurred in Gondwana during the Upper Paleozoic to spread southward, gradually colonizing new areas, which were previously under glacial influence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 299-333"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.026
Xiaoyan Zhao , Yuanchuan Zheng , Zengqian Hou , Zhusen Yang , Zixuan Wang , Liangliang Huang , Siqi Liu
Porphyry deposits are the largest source of metals (e.g., Cu, Mo, and Au) worldwide, yet it remains unclear whether the ore-forming magmas are anomalously enriched in metals. Numerous studies have suggested that the magmas responsible for ore formation are enriched in metals. However, recent research on melt inclusion (MI) has put forward the proposition that these magmas may not actually be particularly enriched in metals. In this study, we report the metal contents of MIs in quartz and feldspar phenocrysts from four fertile and three barren Miocene post-collisional porphyries in Tibet. Three main types of isolated MIs were identified: glassy, crystalline, and melt–fluid inclusions. TIMA scanning reveals that the crystalline minerals are primarily quartz, orthoclase and albite, occupying >70 %–90 % of the MIs with minimal fluid modification. By comparing the compositions of MIs and whole-rock samples, it is evident that fertile and barren porphyritic magmas have undergone different magmatic evolution processes. The fertile porphyries exhibit anomalously high metal contents (highest Cu contents of 236–1333 ppm), whereas the barren porphyries have highest Cu contents of <100 ppm. Petrographic observations and modeling suggest that the high Cu concentrations cannot be attributed to magmatic evolution. Notebly, the Cu and Cu/Mo values in the Jiama, Bangpu and Zhunuo porphyries follow coherent trends with a distinct “down-up-down” pattern, which is not observed in barren porphyries. These findings indicate that metals were efficiently extracted from the melts into the exsolved fluids during ore formation. We propose that the initial metal enrichment in the melts and the efficiency of metal extraction are key controlling factors in porphyry mineralization.
{"title":"Enrichment and efficient extraction of metals in potassic magmas control the formation of post-collisional porphyry deposits","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhao , Yuanchuan Zheng , Zengqian Hou , Zhusen Yang , Zixuan Wang , Liangliang Huang , Siqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porphyry deposits are the largest source of metals (e.g., Cu, Mo, and Au) worldwide, yet it remains unclear whether the ore-forming magmas are anomalously enriched in metals. Numerous studies have suggested that the magmas responsible for ore formation are enriched in metals. However, recent research on melt inclusion (MI) has put forward the proposition that these magmas may not actually be particularly enriched in metals. In this study, we report the metal contents of MIs in quartz and feldspar phenocrysts from four fertile and three barren Miocene post-collisional porphyries in Tibet. Three main types of isolated MIs were identified: glassy, crystalline, and melt–fluid inclusions. TIMA scanning reveals that the crystalline minerals are primarily quartz, orthoclase and albite, occupying >70 %–90 % of the MIs with minimal fluid modification. By comparing the compositions of MIs and whole-rock samples, it is evident that fertile and barren porphyritic magmas have undergone different magmatic evolution processes. The fertile porphyries exhibit anomalously high metal contents (highest Cu contents of 236–1333 ppm), whereas the barren porphyries have highest Cu contents of <100 ppm. Petrographic observations and modeling suggest that the high Cu concentrations cannot be attributed to magmatic evolution. Notebly, the Cu and Cu/Mo values in the Jiama, Bangpu and Zhunuo porphyries follow coherent trends with a distinct “down-up-down” pattern, which is not observed in barren porphyries. These findings indicate that metals were efficiently extracted from the melts into the exsolved fluids during ore formation. We propose that the initial metal enrichment in the melts and the efficiency of metal extraction are key controlling factors in porphyry mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 359-373"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145593671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.005
Harsh K. Gupta, Rajesh Rekapalli
Western Sichuan region, China, experienced a devastating Mw 7.9 earthquake on the 12th May 2008, claiming about 70,000 human lives. It is debated whether it was triggered by the nearby Zipingpu Reservoir or not. The region has a history of major earthquakes exceeding magnitude 7 occurring within a 300 km radius of the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. It has been established that reservoir-triggered earthquake sequences fall in Type 2 of Mogi’s classification of earthquake sequences. That is not found to be the case with the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake sequence. In addition, the tectonic nature of this earthquake was also confirmed from the observed foreshock and aftershock ‘b’ value of 0.47 and 1.15. All these characteristics belong to Type 1 of Mogi’s models whereas artificial water reservoir-triggered earthquake sequences belong to Type 2 of Mogi’s models with a high aftershock ‘b’ value. Moreover, RTS does not occur in a thrust fault environment, which is prevalent in the Sichuan region of China. With these considerations, we find the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake is not a case of Reservoir Triggered Seismicity.
2008年5月12日，中国四川西部地区发生了里氏7.9级大地震，造成约7万人死亡。是否由附近的紫坪铺水库引发至今尚有争议。历史上，该地区在汶川地震震中300公里范围内发生过7级以上的大地震。确定了储层触发地震序列属于Mogi地震序列分类中的第2类。但在2008年汶川7.9级地震序列中却没有发现这种情况。此外，观测到的前震和余震‘ b ’值分别为0.47和1.15，也证实了此次地震的构造性质。这些特征都属于Mogi模型的第一类，而人工水库触发地震序列则属于Mogi模型的第二类，余震“b”值较高。此外，RTS并不发生在中国四川地区普遍存在的逆冲断层环境中。考虑到这些因素，我们发现2008年汶川7.9级地震不是水库引发地震活动的一个例子。
{"title":"The 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake: not a case of reservoir triggered seismicity","authors":"Harsh K. Gupta, Rajesh Rekapalli","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Western Sichuan region, China, experienced a devastating Mw 7.9 earthquake on the 12<sup>th</sup> May 2008, claiming about 70,000 human lives. It is debated whether it was triggered by the nearby Zipingpu Reservoir or not. The region has a history of major earthquakes exceeding magnitude 7 occurring within a 300 km radius of the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. It has been established that reservoir-triggered earthquake sequences fall in Type 2 of Mogi’s classification of earthquake sequences. That is not found to be the case with the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake sequence. In addition, the tectonic nature of this earthquake was also confirmed from the observed foreshock and aftershock ‘b’ value of 0.47 and 1.15. All these characteristics belong to Type 1 of Mogi’s models whereas artificial water reservoir-triggered earthquake sequences belong to Type 2 of Mogi’s models with a high aftershock ‘b’ value. Moreover, RTS does not occur in a thrust fault environment, which is prevalent in the Sichuan region of China. With these considerations, we find the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake is not a case of Reservoir Triggered Seismicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 184-188"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.023
Xiao Ma , Xueli Wang , Zhanfeng Cui , Yingyuan Zhang , Shaoqi Zhou
The accumulations of microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitous in sediments. However, the impact of MPs and Cd on element cycles in sediments, particularly on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, has not been systematically reported. Herein, a microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of sedimentary carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transformation processes, GHG emissions and microbial communities to MPs, Cd and MPs + Cd. The results indicate 1 %w/w of polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS) MPs stimulated N2O, CO2 and CH4 emissions primarily through the regulation of genes associated with denitrification (nosZ and norBC), organic carbon degradation and methanogenesis (mtrA, mttB and pmoABC), respectively. Both 1 %w/w of PE MPs and PS MPs significantly inhibited the ALP activity and the expression of organic phosphate mineralizing genes (phoD, phoN and phnX), ultimately reducing the Bio-P content. Additionally, 8 mg kg−1 of Cd inhibited the CO2 and CH4 emissions primarily through the regulation of genes associated organic carbon degradation and methanogenesis (mttB and pmoABC), but it stimulated N2O emissions primarily through the down-regulation of gene nosZ and hence had no significant effect on global warming potential (GWP). Notably, the coexistence of MPs and Cd could impact microbial communities in MPs biofilms and promote the expression of gene nosZ, which may ultimately antagonize N2O emissions. These findings provide a scientific basis for the ecological management of watersheds polluted by MPs and/or Cd, in particular, illustrate the need for a closer integration of microbial C-N-P interactions.
{"title":"Metagenomics insights into the effect of microplastics and/or cadmium on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in freshwater sediments","authors":"Xiao Ma , Xueli Wang , Zhanfeng Cui , Yingyuan Zhang , Shaoqi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulations of microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitous in sediments. However, the impact of MPs and Cd on element cycles in sediments, particularly on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, has not been systematically reported. Herein, a microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of sedimentary carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transformation processes, GHG emissions and microbial communities to MPs, Cd and MPs + Cd. The results indicate 1 %w/w of polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS) MPs stimulated N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions primarily through the regulation of genes associated with denitrification (<em>nosZ</em> and <em>norBC</em>), organic carbon degradation and methanogenesis (<em>mtrA</em>, <em>mttB</em> and <em>pmoABC</em>), respectively. Both 1 %w/w of PE MPs and PS MPs significantly inhibited the ALP activity and the expression of organic phosphate mineralizing genes (<em>phoD</em>, <em>phoN</em> and <em>phnX</em>), ultimately reducing the Bio-P content. Additionally, 8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> of Cd inhibited the CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions primarily through the regulation of genes associated organic carbon degradation and methanogenesis (<em>mttB</em> and <em>pmoABC</em>), but it stimulated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions primarily through the down-regulation of gene <em>nosZ</em> and hence had no significant effect on global warming potential (GWP). Notably, the coexistence of MPs and Cd could impact microbial communities in MPs biofilms and promote the expression of gene <em>nosZ</em>, which may ultimately antagonize N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. These findings provide a scientific basis for the ecological management of watersheds polluted by MPs and/or Cd, in particular, illustrate the need for a closer integration of microbial C-N-P interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 134-149"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.027
Yizhong Huan , Linjiang Ji , Yiming Su , Feng Kong , Yang Lan , Zhaohui Feng , Siyu Wang , Tao Liang , Mingyuan Wang , Pengpeng Mo , Jian Hu , Lingqing Wang , Guangjin Zhou , Xiaoyun Li , Yazhu Wang
High-precision assessments of the spatiotemporal dynamics of global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance are needed to guide effective cross-scale governance for sustainable development. However, related studies remain limited, and the contributions and causal interactions of individual goals are unclear, hindering the identification of transformative action priorities. Here, the SDG Index, multiple spatiotemporal analysis models, and a grey forecast model were integrated to develop a new framework for assessing spatiotemporal patterns in global SDG performance from 2000 to 2030. In addition, machine learning was applied to identify the key goals contributing to SDG acceleration and to map their weighted causal interactions across the SDG system. The results showed that global SDG progress stalled after 2020 and is unlikely to be fully achieved by 2030. SDG 2 (zero hunger) significantly lagged behind, while SDG 4 (quality education) was the most influential driver, with particularly strong effects on SDGs 6 (clean water and sanitation) and 17 (partnerships for the goals). Despite strong spatial autocorrelation in SDG performance, notable disparities persist across regions. The spatial center of SDG performance shifted eastward over time, indicating that Asia has become as a key driver of global SDG acceleration, although environmental sustainability challenges persist. Although the Global North–South gap has slightly narrowed, development inequalities remain pronounced, with SDG 1 (no poverty) showing the largest disparity and SDG 2 representing a shared deficiency. This study enhances the understanding of global sustainable development progress and provides new insights applicable for broader global cooperative governance, facilitating the acceleration of the 2030 Agenda.
{"title":"Global governance priorities derived from SDG spatiotemporal dynamics and causal interactions","authors":"Yizhong Huan , Linjiang Ji , Yiming Su , Feng Kong , Yang Lan , Zhaohui Feng , Siyu Wang , Tao Liang , Mingyuan Wang , Pengpeng Mo , Jian Hu , Lingqing Wang , Guangjin Zhou , Xiaoyun Li , Yazhu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-precision assessments of the spatiotemporal dynamics of global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance are needed to guide effective cross-scale governance for sustainable development. However, related studies remain limited, and the contributions and causal interactions of individual goals are unclear, hindering the identification of transformative action priorities. Here, the SDG Index, multiple spatiotemporal analysis models, and a grey forecast model were integrated to develop a new framework for assessing spatiotemporal patterns in global SDG performance from 2000 to 2030. In addition, machine learning was applied to identify the key goals contributing to SDG acceleration and to map their weighted causal interactions across the SDG system. The results showed that global SDG progress stalled after 2020 and is unlikely to be fully achieved by 2030. SDG 2 (zero hunger) significantly lagged behind, while SDG 4 (quality education) was the most influential driver, with particularly strong effects on SDGs 6 (clean water and sanitation) and 17 (partnerships for the goals). Despite strong spatial autocorrelation in SDG performance, notable disparities persist across regions. The spatial center of SDG performance shifted eastward over time, indicating that Asia has become as a key driver of global SDG acceleration, although environmental sustainability challenges persist. Although the Global North–South gap has slightly narrowed, development inequalities remain pronounced, with SDG 1 (no poverty) showing the largest disparity and SDG 2 representing a shared deficiency. This study enhances the understanding of global sustainable development progress and provides new insights applicable for broader global cooperative governance, facilitating the acceleration of the 2030 Agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 242-253"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Permian sediments of the East Bokaro Coalfield, Jharkhand, within the Damodar Basin, are renowned for their abundant Lower Gondwana plant fossil record. The megafloral assemblages, recovered from the Barakar Formation (late Artinskian–Kungurian; late Early Permian), particularly from the Open Cast Projects of Kathara, Karo, and Khasmahal, reveal diverse insect-mediated damage. The flora is dominated by Glossopteridales (Glossopteris, Gangamopteris), followed by Cordaitales (Noeggerathiopsis, Euryphyllum) and Equisetales (Schizoneura). Of 974 examined specimens, 89 (9.13%) exhibit traces of insect activity. These traces offer critical insights into early insect behaviour and ecological interactions. Documented feeding types include galling, blotching, midrib feeding, hole feeding, margin feeding, surface abrasion, and complete surface obliteration—primarily affecting glossopterid leaves, scale leaves, and stems. Margin feeding emerges as the most prevalent damage type, accounting for 28.09% of recorded instances. Additionally, the presence of egg sacs along leaf midribs and laminae suggests oviposition behaviour.
This investigation represents the first quantitative Herbivory Index (HI) study from Indian Gondwana, providing a benchmark dataset for understanding Permian plant–insect dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere. The HI was applied to quantify feeding intensity, revealing a peak value of 31.97% for surface feeding, indicating significant insect activity. Comparative analysis with contemporaneous Permian floras from Gondwana and Laurasia demonstrates that the East Bokaro assemblage exhibits relatively diverse herbivory levels in a global context, highlighting its ecological distinctiveness.
These findings substantially contribute to our understanding of insect feeding strategies, plant–insect coevolution, and their evolutionary implications during the late Early Permian, offering a critical reference point for global deep-time herbivory studies.
{"title":"First high-intensity glossopterid herbivory index assessment from Indian Gondwana: Insights into global Permian plant–insect interactions","authors":"Paresh Ranjan Dash , Shreerup Goswami , Sanghamitra Pradhan , Duryadhan Behera","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Permian sediments of the East Bokaro Coalfield, Jharkhand, within the Damodar Basin, are renowned for their abundant Lower Gondwana plant fossil record. The megafloral assemblages, recovered from the Barakar Formation (late Artinskian–Kungurian; late Early Permian), particularly from the Open Cast Projects of Kathara, Karo, and Khasmahal, reveal diverse insect-mediated damage. The flora is dominated by Glossopteridales (<em>Glossopteris, Gangamopteris</em>), followed by Cordaitales (<em>Noeggerathiopsis, Euryphyllum</em>) and Equisetales (<em>Schizoneura</em>). Of 974 examined specimens, 89 (9.13%) exhibit traces of insect activity. These traces offer critical insights into early insect behaviour and ecological interactions. Documented feeding types include galling, blotching, midrib feeding, hole feeding, margin feeding, surface abrasion, and complete surface obliteration—primarily affecting glossopterid leaves, scale leaves, and stems. Margin feeding emerges as the most prevalent damage type, accounting for 28.09% of recorded instances. Additionally, the presence of egg sacs along leaf midribs and laminae suggests oviposition behaviour.</div><div>This investigation represents the <strong>first quantitative Herbivory Index (HI) study from Indian Gondwana</strong>, providing a benchmark dataset for understanding Permian plant–insect dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere. The HI was applied to quantify feeding intensity, revealing a peak value of 31.97% for surface feeding, indicating significant insect activity. Comparative analysis with contemporaneous Permian floras from Gondwana and Laurasia demonstrates that the East Bokaro assemblage exhibits relatively <strong>diverse herbivory levels in a global context</strong>, highlighting its ecological distinctiveness.</div><div>These findings substantially contribute to our understanding of insect feeding strategies, plant–insect coevolution, and their evolutionary implications during the late Early Permian, offering a critical reference point for global deep-time herbivory studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"151 ","pages":"Pages 254-281"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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