Gondwana Research最新文献_第4页

Decoupling of Au and W mineralization in the Xiangzhong Metallogenic Province (South China): Insights from the Xingfengshan Au–W deposit

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.12.010

Lianjie Zhao , Yu Zhang , Kofi Adomako-Ansah , Matthew J. Brzozowski , Hao Zeng , Chenghua Shi , Yongjun Shao , Hongtao Zhao , Hongjie Shen , Xu Wang , Shuling Song , Xiyue Zheng

The Xiangzhong Metallogenic Province (XZMP) in South China is one of the most important Au–Sb–W metallogenic domains in the world. Gold and W mineralization in XZMP are commonly coupled, however, the Xingfengshan Au–W deposit is characterized by skarn W mineralization that is overprinted by sheeted quartz vein-hosted Au mineralization. Garnet U–Pb dating provides a maximum age limit for W mineralization at 214.8 ± 3.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.8), while biotite Ar–Ar dating indicates Au mineralization occurred at 205.2 ± 0.4 Ma (MSWD = 0.96), confirming that Au and W mineralization were decoupled. This is supported by the elevated temperature of the Au mineralizing event demonstrated by chlorite geothermometry (W = 291–346 °C vs. Au = 351–416 °C). Arsenopyrite, the main Au-hosting mineral, can be divided into three generations — Apy-1, Au-enriched Apy-2, and Apy-3. Gold occurs as invisible Au in Apy-1 and Apy-2, but as visible Au coexisting with Apy-3. The abundant chlorite, biotite, and ilmenite inclusions in Apy-1 and Apy-2, and low δ³⁴S_V-CDT values (Apy-1 = −8.82 to −8.44 ‰, Apy-2 = -9.57 to −7.69 ‰) suggest that they formed by fluid–rock interaction. Apy-3 is enriched in trace elements (e.g., Co, Ni, Cu) and has lower δ³⁴S_V-CDT values (−12.56 to −12.03 ‰), indicating the involvement of late-stage oxidized magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in its formation. This fluid remobilized invisible Au from Apy-2 and precipitated it as visible Au associated with Apy-3. The close spatiotemporal relationship between mineralization at Xingfengshan and the Baimashan composite pluton, the S isotope composition of pyrite (−4.94 to 1.18 ‰), and the metallogenic affinity of granites together suggest that the W and Au mineralization are genetically associated with the Longcangwan two-mica granite and Longtan biotite granite of the Baimashan composite pluton, respectively. This study highlights the complexity of regional Au–Sb–W mineralization in the XZMP.

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引用次数: 0

Estimating air pollutant emissions from the 2024 wildfires in Canada and the impact on air quality

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.12.012

Mikalai Filonchyk , Michael P. Peterson , Liming Zhang , Lifeng Zhang , Yi He

Wildfires are becoming more frequent and destructive and have major implications for continued climate change. They pollute the air hundreds or even thousands of kilometers from where they occur. This study uses ground-based data and satellite monitoring to examine the air quality implications of the wildfires in Canada from May 11–14, 2024. Data from NOAA-20/VIIRS and FIRMS showed that a large smoke plume developed in British Columbia. Fire radiative power (FRP) data showed that intense wildfires sometimes exceeded 4000 Megawatts (MW), consistent with significant pollutant emissions. The most intense wildfires were recorded on the 11th and 13th of May when daily FRP of 108.45 GWh and 220.82 GWh were recorded from 659 and 581 fire points, respectively. Estimated total emissions of CO₂, PM_2.5, CO, CH₄ and NO_x showed that May 13 saw the highest level of pollutant emissions, with CO₂ at 1.7358 Megatons (Mt). Meanwhile, ground-level PM_2.5 concentrations in the area with the most intense fires, on the Alberta border with British Columbia, reached 949 µg/m³. NOAA-20/VIIRS aerosol optical depth (AOD) data showed that on May 11, the maximum AOD of 5 occurred in British Columbia and Alberta, moving eastward by May 12, affecting regions in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario and parts of the US bordering Canada. The results demonstrate that wildfires can release large amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere, significantly affecting air quality. The research highlights the need to establish effective systems for responding to extreme situations associated with these fires and to implement measures to mitigate their negative impacts.

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引用次数: 0

A crustal-scale section of central and NW Iberia: Deformation mechanisms and transfer during the Alpine compression

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.01.011

I. DeFelipe , P. Ayarza , I. Palomeras , M. Ruiz , J. Andrés , M. Yenes , D. Martínez Poyatos , R. Carbonell

Tectonic inversion of continental passive margins, orogens formation and deformation transfer to build intraplate ranges are processes that shape plate boundaries, define topography, and delineate continent/ocean transitions. However, the crustal deformation mechanisms that govern these processes vary depending on the tectonic setting and on the overlap of successive tectonic phases. The central and NW Iberian Peninsula comprises from north to south: (i) the North Iberian Margin (NIM), a partly inverted passive margin with limited oceanic subduction, (ii) the Cantabrian Mountains (CM), formed in the northern boundary of the Iberian microplate, and (iii) the Spanish-Portuguese Central System (SPCS), an intraplate mountain range. With the aim of unraveling the crustal-scale structure and the deformation mechanisms in these areas, we present a 650-km long cross-section from the NIM to the south of the Madrid Cenozoic basin based on new wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction data and on the reinterpretation of P-wave velocity (Vp) models. The hyperbolic moveout seismic data revealed an asymmetry of the PmP phases (Moho reflections) at both sides of the SPCS and deep subvertical reflectors to the south of the SPCS, that we interpreted as the image of south-vergent crustal-scale faults. In contrast, in the CM the Vp models presented show the northwards subduction of the Iberian lower crust. Therefore, the deformation mechanisms that govern the current crustal architecture in the central and NW Iberian Peninsula are a crustal-coupled deformation with significant vertical displacement in the SPCS and a crustal-decoupled deformation with mainly horizontal displacement in the CM.

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引用次数: 0

Long-term fluctuation of Earth’s surface heat flux by the supercontinent cycle

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.01.008

Masaki Yoshida

The heat released from the Earth’s interior to the surface has a significant impact on the future of our planet. Owing to the secular cooling of Earth, surface heat flux has gradually decreased throughout Earth’s history. The average surface heat flux would be subject to fluctuations in accordance with the supercontinent cycle on the order of 100 million years because the average age of the oceanic plate changes with time. Based on the half-space cooling model, a decrease in average plate age was associated with a decrease in bathymetry and an increase in average surface heat flux. However, the relationship between surface heat flux and bathymetry on Earth is not straightforward. A conceptual model proposed that the asymptotic bathymetry resulting from the plate flattening effect of oceanic plates is important for recovering sea level fluctuations that are comparable to those of the past Earth. The purpose of this study was to investigate temporal changes in long-term surface heat flux during the supercontinental cycle using a conceptual model. The results demonstrate that surface heat flux fluctuated between −10 % and +25 % during the supercontinent cycle, compared to surface heat flux at the time of supercontinental formation. In contrast, the parameterized convection theory for Earth’s thermal budget suggests that the rate of secular cooling due to decay of radioactive elements was reduced by approximately 15 % over the same period. These results imply that the effect of the supercontinental cycle on surface heat flux is comparable to or larger than secular cooling of the Earth.

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引用次数: 0

Can effective environmental policies reduce the burden of natural resources exploitation in emerging economies? Evidence from quantile regression

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.01.005

Ahsan Anwar , Arshian Sharif

Since the approval of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2015, there has been a growing debate about whether the prevailing environmental rules and policies can reduce environmental degradation to achieve the SDG targets by 2030. Therefore, the present study tries to empirically examine the impact of environmental policy stringency (EPS) on CO₂ emissions by incorporating the role of natural resources rent (NRR) and renewable energy consumption (REC). This study is the earliest attempt to investigate the combined impact of environmental policy stringency and natural resources rent on CO₂ emissions by using the STIRPAT model for the emerging six countries (China, India, Brazil, Turkey, Indonesia, and Russia) during 1996–2019. In doing so, we use second-generation estimation techniques and panel quantile regression to check the heterogeneous or separate impact of EPS, NRR, and REC at different quantiles (10th to 90th quantile) on carbon emissions. Unlike OLS regression, the panel quantile regression approach provides a more flexible and adaptive analysis as it does not assume a predefined distribution. Additionally, quantile regression shows that it may produce accurate and reliable results even when there are outliers. The empirical outcomes claim that environmental policy stringency reduces carbon emissions. Similarly, the interaction term of EPS and NRR also has a negative relationship with CO₂ emissions. Based on the empirical outcomes, this study proposes a comprehensive policy framework for achieving the targets of SDG-13 (climate change), SDG-08 (decent work and economic growth), SDG-09 (innovations), and SDG-12 (responsible consumption). Moreover, the governments of the E-6 economies should tighten up the environmental regulations.

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引用次数: 0

Impact of coastal industrialization and urbanization on marine phosphorus cycle: Insights from Daya Bay and Zhelin Bay 沿海工业化和城市化对海洋磷循环的影响——来自大亚湾和柘林湾的启示

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.01.010

Yang-Guang Gu , Ya-Su Wang , Richard W. Jordan , Yan-Peng Gao , Hong-Hui Huang , Shi-Jun Jiang

Coastal sediments serve as an important sink for phosphorus from terrestrial sources, yet the impact of coastal industrialization and urbanization on marine phosphorus cycling remains poorly understood. This study employs the Dual-Mode Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) technique to investigate the interplay between dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), dissolved sulfide (S²⁻), and iron (Fe²⁺) in surface sediments of Zhelin Bay and Daya Bay. Notably, Zhelin Bay, influenced by agricultural activities, displays significantly elevated Fe²⁺ (358.64 μg/L) and DRP (38.84 μg/L) levels, compared to the more industrially and urbanization-impacted Daya Bay, which has lower averages (Fe²⁺: 17.24 μg/L; DRP: 22.67 μg/L). Our analysis reveals strong linear correlations between Fe²⁺, S²⁻, and DRP, indicating that these dissolved species predominantly regulate DRP levels. These findings underscore the profound effects of coastal industrialization and urbanization on marine phosphorus dynamics, providing essential insights for the management and restoration of coastal ecosystems.

沿海沉积物是陆地源磷的重要汇，但沿海工业化和城市化对海洋磷循环的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用薄膜双模扩散梯度（DGT）技术研究了哲林湾和大亚湾表层沉积物中溶解活性磷（DRP）、溶解硫化物（S2−）和铁（Fe2+）的相互作用。值得注意的是，与受工业和城市化影响较大的大亚湾相比，柘林湾受农业活动的影响，Fe2+ (358.64 μg/L)和DRP （38.84 μg/L）水平显著升高，而大亚湾的平均值较低(Fe2+: 17.24 μg/L；DRP: 22.67 μg/L)。我们的分析显示Fe2+， S2−和DRP之间存在很强的线性相关性，表明这些溶解物质主要调节DRP水平。这些发现强调了沿海工业化和城市化对海洋磷动态的深刻影响，为沿海生态系统的管理和恢复提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Paleomagnetic consequence of thermal evolution of the North American Passive Margin: The Jurassic APWP controversy

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.01.007

Masoud Mirzaei , Russell F. Burmester , Bernard A. Housen , Vadim A. Kravchinsky

This study revisits the long-standing controversy in selecting Jurassic paleomagnetic data to define the North American (NA) craton APWP. Data from igneous rocks in the eastern part of NA and select global data rotated into NA coordinates define a high-latitude path. In contrast, the data from mostly sedimentary rocks in the NA Southwest interior (southwestern group) describe a lower-latitude path. Analysis suggests that previous explanations, such as inclination error in the southwestern group, cannot fully explain the disparity, and raises concerns that some magnetization of the eastern group may be partially secondary or younger, and others do not average secular variation. We present a new hypothesis that attributes the discrepancy to the post-tilt magnetization of the eastern NA continental margin caused by thermally induced non-uniform relative vertical movements during the post breakup evolution of northeast NA. This is tested by comparing mid-Jurassic paleomagnetic data of the eastern group with the coeval directions calculated from an updated late Triassic-Early Cretaceous reference NA APWP, presented here defined using a select and refined set of paleomagnetic poles mostly from southwestern region. One resolution is that a) after the breakup of NA from Africa (∼190 Ma), the thermally uplifted oceanside of the margin started to subside, while the more in-land regions experienced uplift due to landward lateral heat propagation in the lithosphere; b) during ∼190–140 Ma, the differential vertical motion tilted the edge of the margin eastward, about a horizontal axis with ∼53.5° azimuth. This eastward tilting peaked at ∼175–165 Ma and gradually decreased until ∼145–140 Ma. During this phase, the eastern group igneous rocks were emplaced and magnetized in this tilted framework; c) after ∼140–110 Ma, subsidence dominated the entire region. However, higher subsidence rates in more in-land parts tilted the marginal part along with their magnetizations acquired in the eastward-tilted position back (westward) to their current attitudes.

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引用次数: 0

Study on the dissolved inorganic carbon cycling and carbon emission during the wet season across cascade hydropower stations on the Jinsha River, southwestern China

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.12.008

Dan Zhang , Yufei Bao , Jingjie Feng , Yu Xu , Yuchun Wang , Ran Li , Yanliang Du , Zhuo Chen , Shanze Li , Jie Wen , Meng Sun

The Jinsha River Basin, situated in the arid and warm upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China, presents distinctive challenges for investigating dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to its regional geography and climate. This study explored the spatial distribution and cycling of DIC during the wet season at four cascade power stations: Wudongde (WDD), Baihetan (BHT), Xiluodu (XLD), and Xiangjiaba (XJB). The results indicate that the primary sources of DIC at these stations are the result of carbonate rocks weathering by carbonic acid and sulfuric/nitric acids. Specifically, DIC production from weathering at WDD significantly surpasses that at the other stations (BHT, XLD, XJB) under the sulfuric/nitric acid weathering conditions (p < 0.05). In the cascade reservoirs of the Jinsha River, biochemical processes predominantly facilitate the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Among these reservoirs, XLD exhibits the highest efficiency in converting DIC into calcite, with a transformation rate of ΔDIC_trans reaching 2.62 Tg/year. During the wet season, the combined effects of air temperature, wind speed, and partial pressure result in higher average CO₂ emissions from the cascade power stations in the Jinsha River and Yellow River basins compared to other cascade power stations, comparable to emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir. Specifically, XLD exhibits the highest CO₂ emission rate (FCO₂ = 102.38 ± 94.71 mmol/m2/d). Nevertheless, these levels are lower than those observed in most natural rivers globally. Buffer factor analysis indicates that the carbonate buffering capacity of the Jinsha River cascade reservoirs is relatively weak, with an average Revelle coefficient of approximately 41.4. These results enhance our understanding of carbon cycling in the Jinsha River’s cascade power stations and provide crucial insights.

for preserving the long-term stability of river ecosystems.

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引用次数: 0

Environmental impact of technological innovation under energy transition in Europe: Do energy exporters play a significant role? 欧洲能源转型下技术创新的环境影响：能源出口国是否扮演重要角色？

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.017

Olivier Joseph Abban , Yao Hong Xing , Alina Cristina Nuta , Prasad Siba Borah , Florian Marcel Nuta , Alex Dankyi Boadi , Evans K. Quaye

The transition towards a sustainable energy system is critical in mitigating climate change and reducing the environmental impact of energy production and consumption. Technological innovation is pivotal in enabling this transition, offering solutions that can enhance energy efficiency, harness renewable sources, and minimize emissions. This study employed a dataset of 29 countries from 1995 to 2022 to investigate how technological innovation and renewable energy consumption influence environmental pollution. The study further classified the countries as energy importers and exporters to account for heterogeneity. To address potential endogeneity concerns, the study utilized the system-generalized method of moments (sys-GMM) as the primary estimator, with the Driscoll-Kraay estimator complementing a robust test. From the main European panel, technological innovation and renewable energy consumption significantly enhance the quality of the environment. Additionally, the interaction effect between technological innovation and trade openness improves the quality of the environment. Likewise, among energy importers and exporters in Europe, technological innovation and renewable energy consumption significantly enhance the quality of the environment. This study presents intriguing findings that warrant the attention of policymakers, as it sheds light on notable benefits of technical innovation and contributes considerably to the ongoing debate around energy transition and environmental sustainability.

向可持续能源系统过渡对于减缓气候变化和减少能源生产和消费对环境的影响至关重要。技术创新是实现这一转型的关键，它提供了能够提高能源效率、利用可再生能源和最大限度减少排放的解决方案。本研究采用1995年至2022年29个国家的数据集，考察技术创新和可再生能源消费对环境污染的影响。该研究进一步将这些国家划分为能源进口国和出口国，以解释异质性。为了解决潜在的内生性问题，该研究利用系统广义矩量方法（sys-GMM）作为主要估计量，并用Driscoll-Kraay估计量补充鲁棒性测试。从主要的欧洲面板来看，技术创新和可再生能源的消耗显著提升了环境质量。此外，技术创新与贸易开放之间的互动效应提高了环境质量。同样，在欧洲的能源进口国和出口国中，技术革新和可再生能源消费大大提高了环境质量。这项研究提出了值得政策制定者关注的有趣发现，因为它揭示了技术创新的显著好处，并为围绕能源转型和环境可持续性的持续辩论做出了重大贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Sedimentary provenance analysis by coupled detrital zircon U-Pb, Hf isotopes of the Paleoproterozoic Belcher Group, Nunavut, Canada and implications for sedimentation during the opening and closure of the Manikewan Ocean 加拿大努纳武特地区古元古代Belcher群碎屑锆石U-Pb、Hf同位素耦合物源分析及马尼克万洋开闭期沉积意义

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.01.004

Brayden S. McDonald, Camille A. Partin

Coupled detrital zircon U-Pb, Hf isotopic data from the Paleoproterozoic Belcher Group, Nunavut, Canada, are presented to determine maximum depositional ages and sedimentary provenance. We use these data to evaluate potential sediment sources with matching ages and εHf values within a paleogeographic context, to better define the configuration of microcontinents, terranes, and cratons surrounding the Belcher basin during its deposition. The distribution of detrital zircon spectra show that the lower Belcher Group was deposited on the passive margin of the Superior craton, whereas the upper Belcher Group (Omarolluk and Loaf formations) was deposited in syn-orogenic phase, broadly reflecting the opening and closing stages of the Manikewan Ocean, respectively. The lower Belcher Group data show dominant detrital zircon populations between 2825 and 2690 Ma (associated with negative εHf values) with only minor detrital input from sources < 2100 Ma. The dominant grain population is interpreted to be derived from the northeastern Superior craton (>2680 Ma grains), and the Winnipeg River and North Caribou terranes (<2680 Ma grains). The upper Belcher Group shows a dramatic shift in detrital ages from Archean to dominantly Paleoproterozoic, with dominant age peaks between ca. 1920 and 1900 Ma and only minor Archean input that includes 2500 Ma sources that are absent in the lower units. Archean populations document Sask craton-like ages and εHf values, whereas the dominant detrital 1920 to 1900 Ma age population shows positive εHf values that are consistent with being sourced from terranes located in the western Reindeer zone deposited in a submarine fan.

本文介绍了来自加拿大努纳武特地区古新生代贝尔彻群的锆英石U-Pb、Hf同位素耦合数据，以确定最大沉积年龄和沉积产地。我们利用这些数据来评估古地理背景下具有匹配年龄和εHf值的潜在沉积物来源，以更好地界定贝尔彻盆地沉积期间周围微大陆、陆相和陆块的构造。碎屑锆石光谱的分布显示，下贝尔彻组沉积于苏必利尔陨石坑的被动边缘，而上贝尔彻组（奥马罗鲁克地层和Loaf地层）则沉积于同步成因阶段，分别大致反映了马尼基万洋的开辟和关闭阶段。下贝尔彻群的数据显示，2825-2690Ma之间是主要的碎屑锆石群（与负的εHf值有关），只有少量碎屑从2100Ma以下的来源输入。据解释，主要谷物群来自苏必利尔陨石岩东北部（2680 Ma谷物）以及温尼伯河和北加勒比海陆相（2680 Ma谷物）。上贝尔彻群的碎屑年龄发生了戏剧性的转变，从阿新世为主转变为古近古生代为主，主要年龄峰值约在1920-1900Ma之间，只有少量的阿新世输入，其中包括2500Ma的来源，而这些来源在下部单元中是不存在的。Archean年龄群记录了Sask craton-like年龄和εHf值，而1920-1900Ma年龄群的主要碎屑岩则显示了正εHf值，这与来源于驯鹿区西部沉积在海底扇中的陆相矿床是一致的。

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引用次数: 0