Gondwana Research最新文献

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Risk assessment, source apportionment and driving mechanism of soil heavy metals in coal mining areas of Xinjiang, China 新疆煤矿区土壤重金属风险评价、来源解析及驱动机制

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.017

Xin He , Fei Zhang , Ting Zhou , Boyu Wang , Xuan Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Zia Ahmed , Mou Leong Tan , Ziheng Feng , Zhihui Li , Xu Ma

With the implementation of China’s Western Development Strategy, coal mining activities in Xinjiang has intensified, raising concerns over heavy metal contamination in local soils. The arid climate, characterized by low rainfall, high evaporation, and low soil organic matter, significantly influences the migration and transformation of heavy metals. However, the underlying driving mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, this study analyzed the contamination status, risks, sources, and driving mechanisms of soil heavy metals by integrating pollution and health indices, Monte Carlo simulations, and structural equation modeling across four major coal mining areas in Xinjiang. The results revealed that: (1) although the average concentrations of soil heavy metals were below local background values, localized hotspots of elevated concentrations were detected. Overall, the Ili and Kubai mining areas exhibited higher contamination levels than Zhundong and Tuha; (2) both the geo-accumulation index and the Nemerow pollution index identified cadmium (Cd) as the most severe contaminant, particularly in the Ili mining area of western Xinjiang, where Cd was the main contributor to ecological risk; (3) although all heavy metals presented negligible non-carcinogenic risks to both children and adults, Cd and arsenic (As) exhibited potential carcinogenic risks in both groups, with As emerging as the dominant contributor to the total carcinogenic risk; (4) heavy metal contamination primarily originated from multiple sources, including mining and transport, atmospheric deposition from coal-fired power generation, and emissions from coal chemical industries. Source contributions varied significantly across different mining areas and metal types; (5) soil physicochemical properties exerted a significant positive influence on heavy metal concentrations, whereas hydrological factors exhibited a weak and non-significant negative effect. This study offers crucial insights into the dynamics of heavy metal contamination in coal mining soils of Xinjiang, providing valuable guidance for pollution prevention and soil management strategies.

随着中国西部大开发战略的实施，新疆的煤矿开采活动加剧，引发了对当地土壤重金属污染的担忧。低降雨、高蒸发、低土壤有机质的干旱气候对重金属的迁移转化有显著影响。然而，潜在的驱动机制仍然知之甚少。为了解决这一知识缺口，本研究通过综合污染与健康指数、蒙特卡罗模拟和结构方程建模，分析了新疆4个主要煤矿区土壤重金属的污染现状、风险、来源和驱动机制。结果表明：(1)虽然土壤重金属的平均浓度低于当地背景值，但存在局部高浓度热点。总体而言，伊犁和库柏矿区污染程度高于准东和吐哈矿区；(2)地质累积指数和Nemerow污染指数均认为镉（Cd）是最严重的污染物，特别是在新疆西部伊犁矿区，Cd是生态风险的主要来源；(3)虽然所有重金属对儿童和成人的非致癌风险都可以忽略不计，但Cd和砷（As）在两组中都表现出潜在的致癌风险，其中As成为总致癌风险的主要因素；(4)重金属污染主要来源于多种来源，包括采矿运输、燃煤发电大气沉降、煤化工排放等。不同矿区和金属类型的源贡献差异显著；(5)土壤理化性质对重金属浓度有显著的正向影响，而水文因子对重金属浓度的负向影响较弱且不显著。该研究为深入了解新疆矿区土壤重金属污染动态提供了重要依据，为土壤污染防治和土壤治理提供了有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Comment on “Retrieving petrogenetic source, compositional diversity and tectono-magmatic scenario of Tethyan sediment-derived magmatic flare-up: A tale from petrochemical and multi-isotopic (Sr–Nd–B–Hf) systematics” by Zafar et al. (2025) 评论Zafar et al.（2025）《特提斯沉积岩浆爆发的岩石成因、成分多样性和构造-岩浆情景：一个来自石化和多同位素（Sr-Nd-B-Hf）系统学的故事》

IF 6.1 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.011

Mohd Younus Bhat

引用次数: 0

Oil mobility evaluation and light hydrocarbon restoration in shale reservoirs: a review 页岩储层油流性评价与轻烃恢复研究进展

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.010

Yue Feng , Xianming Xiao , Enze Wang , Chengang Lu , Changrong Li , Gang Li , Yineng Tan

Organic matter-rich shale, a widely developed fine-grained sedimentary rock, hosts critical unconventional petroleum resources. Accurately assessing the resource potential and economic value of shale oil reservoirs is crucial for energy strategy decision-making, yet two challenges persist: evaluating oil mobility, and addressing light hydrocarbon evaporation. This study provides a review of these two critical dimensions. Laboratory testing forms the foundation of oil mobility assessment. In practice, method selection should be guided by the specific geological settings, data availability, and economic considerations. Notably, artificial intelligence offers the potential to generate accurate predictions even from limited datasets. This study establishes a generalizable framework validated through a case study on oil mobility evaluation under small-sample dataset scenarios. The second part divides the light hydrocarbon loss process from coring to experimental data acquisition into four distinct stages. The loss is continuously influenced by time-related degradation, with each stage characterized by different controlling factors. Nonetheless, the oil properties of shale and its own attributes remain consistent overarching influences. Minimizing additional losses through comprehensive and practical strategies represents the most effective solution. Future advances in experimental technologies, refined frameworks, and the deep mining and integration of data will enhance assessment accuracy. The findings of this study are expected to provide a solid theoretical foundation for the precise evaluation of resources in shale systems and the efficient delineation of prospective exploration targets.

富含有机质的页岩是一种广泛发育的细粒沉积岩，蕴藏着重要的非常规石油资源。准确评估页岩油储层的资源潜力和经济价值对于能源战略决策至关重要，但仍然存在两个挑战：评估原油流动性和解决轻烃蒸发问题。本研究提供了对这两个关键维度的回顾。实验室测试是油品流动性评价的基础。在实践中，方法的选择应以具体的地质环境、数据的可用性和经济考虑为指导。值得注意的是，人工智能提供了即使从有限的数据集生成准确预测的潜力。本研究建立了一个可推广的框架，并通过小样本数据集情景下的原油流动性评价案例进行了验证。第二部分将从取心到实验数据采集的轻烃损失过程划分为四个不同的阶段。损失持续受到时间相关退化的影响，每个阶段都有不同的控制因素。尽管如此，页岩油的性质及其本身的属性仍然是最重要的影响因素。通过全面和实用的策略来减少额外损失是最有效的解决办法。未来在实验技术、精细化框架以及数据深度挖掘和整合方面的进步将提高评估的准确性。研究结果将为页岩系统资源的精准评价和远景勘探目标的有效圈定提供坚实的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial Board (IFC) 编辑委员会（IFC）

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/S1342-937X(26)00003-1

引用次数: 0

Ridge subduction and island arc evolution in the Duobaoshan region during early Paleozoic: Insights from crustal thickness and lava geochemistry 多宝山地区早古生代脊俯冲和岛弧演化：来自地壳厚度和熔岩地球化学的启示

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.007

Tianjiao Sang , Fuping Pei , Bingqian Ding , Kai Song , Pengyi Li , Guanwen Yu

The Duobaoshan island arc contains early Paleozoic association of adakitic high-Mg andesite, Nb-enriched basalt, and porphyry Cu deposits, concurrently indicating the ridge subduction in the eastern Xing’an Massif. This study further understands the unique island arc setting through the mantle metasomatism, oxygen fugacity and crustal thickness based on the zircon U–Pb geochronologic and Hf isotopic data from the early Paleozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks, as well as the whole–rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data from the igneous rocks in the Duobaoshan region, Xing’an Massif. The early Paleozoic igneous rocks are typical arc–type with low (La/Yb)_N ratios (3.37–6.60), exhibiting highly depleted zircon Hf (ε_Hf(t) = +12.44∼+16.50) and whole–rock Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7036–0.7048; ε_Nd(t) = +4.76∼+8.17; ε_Hf(t) = +12.44∼+16.50), which were derived from the depleted mantle metasomatized mainly by slab fluid accompanied with the altered oceanic crust melt and pelagic sediment melt, and reflected the maturing process of the island arc. In addition, the Early Ordovician igneous rocks indicated the increase of mantle temperature and oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ > 2) leading to the solubility of metallogenetic elements, and the thickening crust was also conducive to the mineralization. Then we further revealed the existence of a Precambrian basement of the Xing’an Massif based on the sedimentary rocks, the geochronology of which revealed the youngest ages of 504–478 Ma, yielding the age peaks at 771 Ma, ∼860 Ma, ∼950 Ma, and ∼1800 Ma ∼2500 Ma. In the meanwhile, the Hf isotopic data of 600–478 Ma detrital zircons show depleted to more enriched ε_Hf(t) values (–10.22 to +12.70) and a proximal depositional traits, indicating that majority of the Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic detrital zircons migrated from the Duobaoshan region, Xing’an Massif.

多宝山岛弧发育早古生代艾达质高镁安山岩、富铌玄武岩和斑岩型铜矿组合，同时显示了兴安地块东部的脊状俯冲。本研究基于兴安地块多宝山地区早古生代火成岩和沉积岩的锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素数据，以及火成岩的全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据，通过地幔交代作用、氧逸度和地壳厚度进一步了解独特的岛弧背景。早古生代火成岩为典型的弧型，低（La/Yb）N比值（3.37 ~ 6.60），锆石Hf高度贫化（εHf(t) = +12.44 ~ +16.50），全岩Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据(（87Sr/86Sr） = 0.7036 ~ 0.7043；εNd (t) = + 5.71∼+ 8.17;εHf(t) = +12.44 ~ +16.50)，主要来源于以板块流体为主的衰竭地幔交代作用，并伴有蚀变的洋壳熔体和上层沉积物熔体，反映了岛弧的成熟过程。此外，早奥陶世火成岩表明地幔温度和氧逸度升高（ΔFMQ > 2），导致成矿元素溶解度增大，地壳增厚也有利于成矿作用。根据沉积岩进一步揭示了兴安地块前寒武纪基底的存在，其最年轻年龄为504 ~ 478 Ma，年龄峰值为771 Ma、864 Ma、942 Ma、~ 1800 Ma和~ 2500 Ma。同时，600 ~ 478 Ma碎屑锆石Hf同位素数据显示εHf(t)值（-10.22 ~ +12.70）为贫至富，具有近端沉积特征，表明新元古代和早古生代碎屑锆石主要来自兴安地块多宝山地区。

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引用次数: 0

Ordovician horseshoe crab body and trace fossil association preserved in a unique taphonomic setting 奥陶系马蹄蟹体及化石组合保存在独特的地形学环境中

IF 6.1 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.011

Russell D.C. Bicknell, Julien Kimmig, Carmela Cuomo, Aaron Goodman, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Benoit Issautier, Yannick Callec, Jan Freedman

引用次数: 0

Geological sedimentary records constraining Earth-Moon system evolution over the past 60 million years: Insights from Cyclostratigraphy 约束过去6000万年地月系统演化的地质沉积记录：来自旋回地层学的见解

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2026.01.001

Zhenwei Ge , Juye Shi , Quanyou Liu , Tailiang Fan , Zhiqian Gao , Huiyuan Xu , Ruyue Wang , Weihui Bi , Zhijun Jin

Over the past 60 million years, Earth has transitioned from a warmhouse to an icehouse climate. Understanding the variations in Earth-Moon orbital parameters during this interval is essential for understanding past tidal dissipation and predicting the future dynamical evolution of the Earth-Moon system. However, geological records that constrain the Earth-Moon system throughout the Cenozoic remain limited. Here, we analyzed high-resolution borehole gamma-ray logs from two wells (F154 and L242) in the Bohai Bay Basin (BBB), dated to approximately 41.25 Ma and 39.23 Ma, respectively. Using two independent astronomical methods, we reconstructed key orbital parameters, including the precession constant k, Earth-Moon distance (EMD) and length of day (LOD). The results showed that the precession constant k is 51.32 ± 0.22 arcsec/yr for well L242 and 51.33 ± 0.27 arcsec/yr for well F154. These geological k values are consistent with the Farhat model, correspond to the upper uncertainty range of the Waltham model, and significantly deviate from the Laskar model. Linear regression of the compiled geological k values indicates a long-term LOD increase rate of 1.39 ms/century over the past 60 million years. This rate is lower than the 2.13 ms/century predicted by Farhat model, likely due to enhanced hydrological and oceanic mass redistribution under extreme warming events in the early to middle Eocene. These findings provide new constraints on Cenozoic Earth-Moon dynamics and long-term variations in LOD throughout geological history.

在过去的6000万年里，地球从温室气候转变为冰窖气候。了解地月轨道参数在这段时间内的变化，对于理解过去的潮汐耗散和预测地月系统未来的动力学演化是至关重要的。然而，限制整个新生代地月系统的地质记录仍然有限。在这里，我们分析了渤海湾盆地（BBB）的两口井（F154和L242）的高分辨率井眼伽马射线测井曲线，分别约为41.25 Ma和39.23 Ma。利用两种独立的天文方法，我们重建了关键的轨道参数，包括岁差常数k、地月距离（EMD）和日长（LOD）。结果表明，L242井进动常数k为51.32±0.22 arcsec/yr， F154井进动常数k为51.33±0.27 arcsec/yr。这些地质k值与Farhat模型一致，对应于Waltham模型的上不确定范围，与Laskar模型偏差较大。对地质k值的线性回归表明，在过去6000万年中，LOD的长期增长速率为1.39 ms/世纪。这一速率低于Farhat模型预测的2.13 ms/世纪，可能是由于始新世早期至中期极端变暖事件下的水文和海洋质量再分配增强。这些发现为研究新生代地月动力学和LOD在地质历史上的长期变化提供了新的约束。

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引用次数: 0

The occurrence and characterization of lithium in different lithium-bearing clay minerals from bauxite sequences 铝土矿层序中不同含锂粘土矿物中锂的赋存状态及特征

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.002

Zhenxiao Wu , Xudong Hao , Hongfei Cheng

The rare metal lithium (Li), a strategic critical resource, plays a vital role in low-carbon energy technologies, including mobile electronics and nuclear industries. In China, clay-type Li resources, particularly those associated with bauxite sequences in northern China, have gained significant attention due to their widespread distribution and potential role as Li reserves. In our study, three types of clay mineral samples, namely chlorite (Chl), illite (Ilt), and kaolinite (Kln), were collected from bauxite units in North China. The Chl sample (5926.22 μg/g) contained considerably higher Li content than Ilt (622.04 μg/g) and Kln (741.76 μg/g), indicating that chlorite is the primary carrier mineral for Li. The cation exchange experiment revealed that Li was mainly hosted in the lattices of clay minerals (chlorite, illite, and kaolinite). Subsequently, the original samples were subjected to sedimentation–separation treatment to obtain higher-purity clay mineral samples. These samples were fully characterized via spectroscopic techniques to investigate the occurrence sites of Li. Li was predominantly hosted in Chl (cookeite, 9876.64 μg/g), with minor amounts in Ilt (625.36 μg/g) and Kln (747.19 μg/g). Although Li in cookeite was mainly located in the interlayer hydroxide sheets, it occupied the octahedral sheets in illite and kaolinite. Additionally, Li played a crucial role in balancing the negative charges that resulted from the substitution of Si by Al in the tetrahedral sheets, highlighting the structural significance of Li in these clay minerals. These findings enhance the understanding of Li occurrence states in clay minerals and offer valuable information for the utilization of bauxite-associated type Li resources.

稀有金属锂（Li）是一种战略性关键资源，在低碳能源技术中发挥着至关重要的作用，包括移动电子和核工业。在中国，粘土型锂资源，特别是与华北铝土矿层序相关的粘土型锂资源，由于其广泛的分布和潜在的锂储量作用而受到了极大的关注。本研究采集了华北铝土矿单元中绿泥石（Chl）、伊利石（Ilt）和高岭石（Kln）三种粘土矿物样品。Chl样品（5926.22 μg/g）的Li含量明显高于Ilt样品（622.04 μg/g）和Kln样品（741.76 μg/g），表明绿泥石是Li的主要载体矿物。阳离子交换实验表明，Li主要赋存于黏土矿物（绿泥石、伊利石和高岭石）的晶格中。随后，对原始样品进行沉淀分离处理，获得更高纯度的粘土矿物样品。通过光谱技术对这些样品进行了充分的表征，以研究Li的发生位置。Li主要存在于Chl （cookeite, 9876.64 μg）中，少量存在于Ilt （625.36 μg）和Kln （747.19 μg）中。锂离子主要分布在层间氢氧化物片层中，而在伊利石和高岭石中则占据八面体片层。此外，Li在平衡四面体薄片中由Al取代Si而产生的负电荷方面发挥了至关重要的作用，突出了Li在这些粘土矿物中的结构意义。这些发现增强了对黏土矿物中Li赋存状态的认识，为铝土矿伴生型Li资源的开发利用提供了有价值的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Magma sources in the northern part of the Cretaceous Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt (NE Asia): Spatial zonation, temporal variations, and links to tectonic history of the basement 白垩纪鄂霍次克-楚科奇火山带北部岩浆源：空间分带、时间变化及其与基底构造史的联系

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.006

P.L. Tikhomirov , I.E. Lebedev , T.E. Bagdasaryan , E.A. Kalinina , C. Sakaguchi , K. Kobayashi

We present new geochemical data including whole-rock major and trace element analyses and Sr– Nd–Pb isotopic ratios for volcanic rocks from the northern part of the extensive Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt (OCVB), a Cretaceous (ca. 106–71? Ma) subduction-related igneous province in NE Asia. Integration of previously published and new data revelas a clear along-arc zonation within the northern OCVB and demonstrates a correlation between magma isotopic composition and the age of the continental basement beneath the belt. A first-order distinction is observed between the Anadyr segment of the OCVB, underlain by relatively young and mafic continental crust (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.7032 to 0.7048, εNd of –1.3 to + 7.3, and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 18.17 to 18.51), and the Central Chukotka and East Chukotka segments superimposed on the Chukotka continent where the crust has been forming since at least the Neoproterozoic (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.7042 to 0.8685, εNd of –5.5 to + 2.5, and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 18.42 to 18.85). We suggest that the mafic magmas of the northern OCVB are largely derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle domains that preserve distinct isotopic characteristics within each major terrane. The only significant temporal change in the elemental and isotopic composition occurred during the final magmatic stage at ca. 76–73 Ma, when declining heat flow led to reduced magma output rate, the extinction of crustal magma chambers, and possibly the deepening of mantle magma reservoirs.

本文介绍了来自鄂霍次克-楚科奇火山带（OCVB）北部白垩纪（约106-71 ?）火山岩的全岩主微量元素分析和Sr - Nd-Pb同位素比值。马)东北亚与俯冲有关的火成岩省。综合以往发表的数据和最新的数据，揭示了在OCVB北部有一个清晰的沿弧带，并证明了岩浆同位素组成与带下大陆基底年龄之间的相关性。一阶OCVB阿纳德尔河之间的区别是观察到的部分,底部相对年轻和镁铁质大陆地壳(初始87老sr / 86的0.7032到0.7048,εNd -1.3 + 7.3,和18.17到18.51的206 pb / 204 pb),和中央楚科塔和东部楚科塔段叠加在楚科塔大陆地壳已经形成至少从新元古代(初始87老sr / 86的0.7042到0.8685,εNd -5.5 + 2.5,和206 pb / 204 pb的18.42到18.85)。我们认为，北洋大陆架北部的基性岩浆主要来自次大陆岩石圈地幔域，这些地幔域在每个主要地体中都保持着独特的同位素特征。元素和同位素组成的唯一显著时间变化发生在约76-73 Ma的岩浆末期，此时热流减弱导致岩浆输出速率降低，地壳岩浆房消失，可能是地幔岩浆储层加深。

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引用次数: 0

Mass extinction constrained and redirected flight evolution in Permopsocida 大灭绝限制和重定向了Permopsocida的飞行进化

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.009

Sheng Li , Feiyang Liang , Xiaoyue Yang , Chungkun Shih , Yunzhi Yao , Dong Ren , Ming Bai

Insect flight represents a key evolutionary innovation, yet the impact of mass extinctions on wing evolution remains unclear. We reconstruct wing shape evolution in Permopsocida (Carboniferous–Cretaceous) based on morphometric approaches. The present study reveals a tri-phasic pattern: pre-extinction expansion, end-Permian bottleneck and post-extinction redirection. Despite opportunities in the Mesozoic, structurally conservative features constrained aerodynamic innovation. During the Jurassic-Cretaceous period, wings elongated convergently as compensatory adaptations, not as functional breakthroughs. Morphological disparity recovery lagged behind and was decoupled from early angiosperm radiation but synchronized with gymnosperm diversity. These findings demonstrate how extinction-induced structural constraints redirected evolution through compensatory adaptation.

昆虫飞行代表了一项关键的进化创新，但大灭绝对翅膀进化的影响尚不清楚。基于形态计量学方法重建了石炭纪-白垩纪Permopsocida翼形演化。本研究揭示了灭绝前扩张-二叠纪末瓶颈-灭绝后重定向的三阶段格局。尽管中生代有机会，但结构保守的特征限制了空气动力学的创新。在侏罗纪-白垩纪时期，翅膀逐渐拉长是一种补偿性适应，而不是功能上的突破。形态差异恢复滞后于早期被子植物辐射，与裸子植物多样性同步。这些发现证明了灭绝引起的结构约束如何通过补偿性适应重新引导进化。

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