Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875570
Shao Changyu, Du Lan, Han Xun, L. Hongwei
Micro-Doppler (m-D) signature based target classification methods have received the intensive attention from the radar automatic target recognition (RATR) community. Since the m-D signals of a coning target with micro-motion are always multicomponent, it is important to separate these m-D frequency components for feature extraction and parameter estimation. This paper develops a separation algorithm based on multiple target tracking (MTT) technology, where the m-D frequency curves are assumed to be the tracks of maneuvering targets. The proposed method shows the good performance on the electromagnetic computation data in the experiments.
{"title":"Multiple target tracking based separation of Micro-Doppler signals from coning target","authors":"Shao Changyu, Du Lan, Han Xun, L. Hongwei","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875570","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-Doppler (m-D) signature based target classification methods have received the intensive attention from the radar automatic target recognition (RATR) community. Since the m-D signals of a coning target with micro-motion are always multicomponent, it is important to separate these m-D frequency components for feature extraction and parameter estimation. This paper develops a separation algorithm based on multiple target tracking (MTT) technology, where the m-D frequency curves are assumed to be the tracks of maneuvering targets. The proposed method shows the good performance on the electromagnetic computation data in the experiments.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875603
J. Cabrera
Gains in processing power and advances in radar signal processing enable waveform diversity. It has been demonstrated that much can be gained with waveform diversity when previous knowledge about the environment is available, or through adaptive clutter estimation. For tracking systems, it has been also demonstrated that waveform variations in response to tracker outputs can also be beneficial. The paper focuses on the latter line of research, presenting a survey and new results pertaining to adaptation for waveform selection in tracking systems. In particular, we introduce a golden standard for adaptive methods, and show that the golden standard is satisfied for a simple adaptive law. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the main results in the paper.
{"title":"Tracker-based adaptive schemes for optimal waveform selection","authors":"J. Cabrera","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875603","url":null,"abstract":"Gains in processing power and advances in radar signal processing enable waveform diversity. It has been demonstrated that much can be gained with waveform diversity when previous knowledge about the environment is available, or through adaptive clutter estimation. For tracking systems, it has been also demonstrated that waveform variations in response to tracker outputs can also be beneficial. The paper focuses on the latter line of research, presenting a survey and new results pertaining to adaptation for waveform selection in tracking systems. In particular, we introduce a golden standard for adaptive methods, and show that the golden standard is satisfied for a simple adaptive law. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the main results in the paper.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114907676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875716
T. Rommel, M. Younis, G. Krieger
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with multiple transmit and receive channels (MIMO-SAR) has a higher flexibility and an improved efficiency compared to a conventional SAR system with a single channel. The multiple receive channels can be used, among other things, to increase the swath width at constant azimuth resolution or to suppress spatial interferences. However, multiple transmit channels, which transmit simultaneously in the same frequency band provide currently a challenge. Therefore, in this paper a modified chirp waveform is introduced which extends in combination with digital beam-forming (DBF) on receive the orthogonality condition to another degree of freedom, thus allowing in theory perfect orthogonality. Furthermore, the hardware design of the MIMO-Radar Demonstrator, a multichannel measurement system for radar and SAR applications is depicted. The shown measurement result demonstrates the possibility of obtaining all four parameters of the scattering matrix at the same time by transmitting orthogonal waveforms in different polarizations.
{"title":"An orthogonal waveform for fully polarimetric MIMO-SAR","authors":"T. Rommel, M. Younis, G. Krieger","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875716","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with multiple transmit and receive channels (MIMO-SAR) has a higher flexibility and an improved efficiency compared to a conventional SAR system with a single channel. The multiple receive channels can be used, among other things, to increase the swath width at constant azimuth resolution or to suppress spatial interferences. However, multiple transmit channels, which transmit simultaneously in the same frequency band provide currently a challenge. Therefore, in this paper a modified chirp waveform is introduced which extends in combination with digital beam-forming (DBF) on receive the orthogonality condition to another degree of freedom, thus allowing in theory perfect orthogonality. Furthermore, the hardware design of the MIMO-Radar Demonstrator, a multichannel measurement system for radar and SAR applications is depicted. The shown measurement result demonstrates the possibility of obtaining all four parameters of the scattering matrix at the same time by transmitting orthogonal waveforms in different polarizations.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115348959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875573
G. Cui, Jun Liu, Hongbin Li, B. Himed
This paper considers the problem of target detection in a passive radar consisting of a reference channel (RC) and a surveillance channel (SC). The RC receives an unknown source signal directly transmitted by a non-cooperative illuminator of opportunity (IO), whereas the SC collects target echoes due to the illumination by the same IO. The conventional solution to this passive detection problem is a cross-correlation (CC) based detector that cross-correlates the reference signal from the RC and the surveillance signal from the SC. It is known that the CC detector is very sensitive to the noise level in the RC. In this paper, we develop four detection algorithms based on the generalized likelihood ratio test principle, by treating the unknown source signal from the IO to be deterministic or stochastic and under conditions whether the noise variance is known or unknown. Our results demonstrate that when the reference signal is noisy, three of the proposed detectors offer significant improvements in detection performance over the CC detector.
{"title":"Target detection for passive radar with noisy reference channel","authors":"G. Cui, Jun Liu, Hongbin Li, B. Himed","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875573","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of target detection in a passive radar consisting of a reference channel (RC) and a surveillance channel (SC). The RC receives an unknown source signal directly transmitted by a non-cooperative illuminator of opportunity (IO), whereas the SC collects target echoes due to the illumination by the same IO. The conventional solution to this passive detection problem is a cross-correlation (CC) based detector that cross-correlates the reference signal from the RC and the surveillance signal from the SC. It is known that the CC detector is very sensitive to the noise level in the RC. In this paper, we develop four detection algorithms based on the generalized likelihood ratio test principle, by treating the unknown source signal from the IO to be deterministic or stochastic and under conditions whether the noise variance is known or unknown. Our results demonstrate that when the reference signal is noisy, three of the proposed detectors offer significant improvements in detection performance over the CC detector.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123679560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875568
L. Fertig
In this paper, a new closed-form expression for a common STAP performance metric (i.e., SINR Loss) is derived in terms of system parameters of interest. It is shown that this new relationship can be manipulated into new expressions for STAP Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV) and STAP “aperture-limited” performance. These new developments are significant as they provide the first derivations that unify these concepts. As they are implemented in compact closed-form expressions, the new results are attractive for system design.
{"title":"Analytical approximations for Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) performance","authors":"L. Fertig","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875568","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new closed-form expression for a common STAP performance metric (i.e., SINR Loss) is derived in terms of system parameters of interest. It is shown that this new relationship can be manipulated into new expressions for STAP Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV) and STAP “aperture-limited” performance. These new developments are significant as they provide the first derivations that unify these concepts. As they are implemented in compact closed-form expressions, the new results are attractive for system design.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124656263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875826
Yaojiang Yu, A. Petropulu
Through-the-wall radars (TWR) are indispensable for situational awareness in a wide range of civilian and military applications. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) TWR exploit spatial diversity to improve the target detection performance of TWR in indoor environments. MIMO TWR combined with compressive sensing (CS) enable good performance while reducing the number of samples needed for target estimation and the data acquisition time. In previous MIMO TWR approaches, all antennas transmit the same waveforms in a time-division access fashion. This work presents a CS-MIMO TWR approach, in which the TX antennas transmit simultaneously different waveforms, thus allowing for further reduction of acquisition time.
{"title":"CS-MIMO radars for through-the-wall imaging with simultaneous transmission","authors":"Yaojiang Yu, A. Petropulu","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875826","url":null,"abstract":"Through-the-wall radars (TWR) are indispensable for situational awareness in a wide range of civilian and military applications. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) TWR exploit spatial diversity to improve the target detection performance of TWR in indoor environments. MIMO TWR combined with compressive sensing (CS) enable good performance while reducing the number of samples needed for target estimation and the data acquisition time. In previous MIMO TWR approaches, all antennas transmit the same waveforms in a time-division access fashion. This work presents a CS-MIMO TWR approach, in which the TX antennas transmit simultaneously different waveforms, thus allowing for further reduction of acquisition time.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128698953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875699
S. Kitagawa, R. Suga, O. Hashimoto
A switchable reflector using pin diodes for the radar cross section (RCS) reduction of an antenna reflector was proposed. The reflection coefficient of the proposed reflector was able to be switched between less than -25 dB with OFF-state diodes and more than -0.8 dB with ON-state diodes around 5 GHz. The proposed reflector with ON-state diodes was applied to a dipole antenna reflector and gave equivalent radiation pattern to with a metal reflector. It can contribute to the antenna RCS reduction at the radiation frequency without degrading antenna performance.
{"title":"A novel switchable reflector applied to antenna reflector for antenna radar cross section reduction","authors":"S. Kitagawa, R. Suga, O. Hashimoto","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875699","url":null,"abstract":"A switchable reflector using pin diodes for the radar cross section (RCS) reduction of an antenna reflector was proposed. The reflection coefficient of the proposed reflector was able to be switched between less than -25 dB with OFF-state diodes and more than -0.8 dB with ON-state diodes around 5 GHz. The proposed reflector with ON-state diodes was applied to a dipole antenna reflector and gave equivalent radiation pattern to with a metal reflector. It can contribute to the antenna RCS reduction at the radiation frequency without degrading antenna performance.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129294290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875784
Bahri Cagliyan, C. Karabacak, S. Gurbuz
Wireless sensor networks have been a subject of much interest as a means for wide area surveillance. Typically, sensors such as acoustic, seismic, infrared, magnetic, and ultrasonic sensor have been employed to date. Radar, although possessing important advantages such as being able to operate in all weather conditions and nighttime, has not much been used in these systems due to their high power requirements, high cost, and large size. Recently, however, low-cost, COTS radar nodes have been developed that enable their application as part of a wireless surveillance network. In this work, the BumbleBee Radar developed by Samraksh Company is used as part of a wireless radar network to monitor the activities of a human moving within the sensing region of the network. The human micro-Doppler signature measured by the BumbleBee radar is shown for a variety of activities and used as a basis for recognition. Various schemes for fusing sensor data are explored.
{"title":"Human activity recognition using a low cost, COTS radar network","authors":"Bahri Cagliyan, C. Karabacak, S. Gurbuz","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875784","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks have been a subject of much interest as a means for wide area surveillance. Typically, sensors such as acoustic, seismic, infrared, magnetic, and ultrasonic sensor have been employed to date. Radar, although possessing important advantages such as being able to operate in all weather conditions and nighttime, has not much been used in these systems due to their high power requirements, high cost, and large size. Recently, however, low-cost, COTS radar nodes have been developed that enable their application as part of a wireless surveillance network. In this work, the BumbleBee Radar developed by Samraksh Company is used as part of a wireless radar network to monitor the activities of a human moving within the sensing region of the network. The human micro-Doppler signature measured by the BumbleBee radar is shown for a variety of activities and used as a basis for recognition. Various schemes for fusing sensor data are explored.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129881044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875641
G. Smith, Saif Alsaif, C. Baker
Echoic flow is an inherently cognitive method for linking action and perception in radar and sonar systems. In this paper, we describe a first demonstration using echoic flow to guide a robotic vehicle autonomously around an unknown course. We briefly introduce the key concepts that underpin echoic flow and describe how echoic flow can be used to form a cognitive guidance system. Full-scale experiments with a robot platform demonstrate the advocated technique able to traverse a square corridor course where one of the sides has the extra complication of a chicane feature.
{"title":"Echoic flow for cognitive radar guidance","authors":"G. Smith, Saif Alsaif, C. Baker","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875641","url":null,"abstract":"Echoic flow is an inherently cognitive method for linking action and perception in radar and sonar systems. In this paper, we describe a first demonstration using echoic flow to guide a robotic vehicle autonomously around an unknown course. We briefly introduce the key concepts that underpin echoic flow and describe how echoic flow can be used to form a cognitive guidance system. Full-scale experiments with a robot platform demonstrate the advocated technique able to traverse a square corridor course where one of the sides has the extra complication of a chicane feature.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130403809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875818
U. Majumder, M. Bell, M. Rangaswamy
In this research, we introduce a signal processing framework for joint GMTI and SAR algorithms that is based on orthogonal (transmit and receive) waveforms. Traditionally, radar systems are configured to operate either in GMTI or SAR processing mode, but not both simultaneously. This is due to the fact that operational parameters for these two modes are quite different. For example, exoclutter GMTI processing requires a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF), but a high PRF results in increased range ambiguity - and an increased processing burden - in SAR imaging. We propose combining diverse, orthogonal waveforms and introducing corresponding processing techniques to reduce the problems and complexities of joint GMTI and SAR exploitation. For the exoclutter GMTI problem, the necessary high-PRF pulse train will be used to achieve finer Doppler resolution for detecting fast moving objects. For the endoclutter GMTI and SAR imaging problem, we will transmit low PRF pulses. The goal for low PRF pulses for endoclutter GMTI and SAR imaging is to ensure that range ambiguity issue has been addressed. These new approaches will achieve following benefits: (1) accomplish GMTI and SAR processing concurrently by eliminating the complexities associated with reconfiguring a radar system, (2) more efficiently use bandwidth by employing appropriate bandwidth for exoclutter GMTI pulses and SAR image formation pulses, and (3) reduce range ambiguity issue associated with high PRF operation.
{"title":"Diverse, orthogonal waveforms and signal processing architecture for joint GMTI and SAR applications","authors":"U. Majumder, M. Bell, M. Rangaswamy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875818","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we introduce a signal processing framework for joint GMTI and SAR algorithms that is based on orthogonal (transmit and receive) waveforms. Traditionally, radar systems are configured to operate either in GMTI or SAR processing mode, but not both simultaneously. This is due to the fact that operational parameters for these two modes are quite different. For example, exoclutter GMTI processing requires a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF), but a high PRF results in increased range ambiguity - and an increased processing burden - in SAR imaging. We propose combining diverse, orthogonal waveforms and introducing corresponding processing techniques to reduce the problems and complexities of joint GMTI and SAR exploitation. For the exoclutter GMTI problem, the necessary high-PRF pulse train will be used to achieve finer Doppler resolution for detecting fast moving objects. For the endoclutter GMTI and SAR imaging problem, we will transmit low PRF pulses. The goal for low PRF pulses for endoclutter GMTI and SAR imaging is to ensure that range ambiguity issue has been addressed. These new approaches will achieve following benefits: (1) accomplish GMTI and SAR processing concurrently by eliminating the complexities associated with reconfiguring a radar system, (2) more efficiently use bandwidth by employing appropriate bandwidth for exoclutter GMTI pulses and SAR image formation pulses, and (3) reduce range ambiguity issue associated with high PRF operation.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128663891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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