Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875609
Doo-Hyun Cho, Han-Lim Choi, Jin-Ik Lee, Kyung-Rok Song
This paper proposes a filtering method to estimate the length of a moving target tracked by a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The method generates high resolution range profiles (HRRPs) from the radar echo signal and then integrates them into an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to simultaneously estimate the target motion and geometry. Numerical simulations on tracking a ballistic target represented by one-dimensional scattering centers verify the effectiveness of the proposed length estimation methodology.
{"title":"HRRPs-based target length estimation using a FMCW radar","authors":"Doo-Hyun Cho, Han-Lim Choi, Jin-Ik Lee, Kyung-Rok Song","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875609","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a filtering method to estimate the length of a moving target tracked by a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. The method generates high resolution range profiles (HRRPs) from the radar echo signal and then integrates them into an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to simultaneously estimate the target motion and geometry. Numerical simulations on tracking a ballistic target represented by one-dimensional scattering centers verify the effectiveness of the proposed length estimation methodology.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126143200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875784
Bahri Cagliyan, C. Karabacak, S. Gurbuz
Wireless sensor networks have been a subject of much interest as a means for wide area surveillance. Typically, sensors such as acoustic, seismic, infrared, magnetic, and ultrasonic sensor have been employed to date. Radar, although possessing important advantages such as being able to operate in all weather conditions and nighttime, has not much been used in these systems due to their high power requirements, high cost, and large size. Recently, however, low-cost, COTS radar nodes have been developed that enable their application as part of a wireless surveillance network. In this work, the BumbleBee Radar developed by Samraksh Company is used as part of a wireless radar network to monitor the activities of a human moving within the sensing region of the network. The human micro-Doppler signature measured by the BumbleBee radar is shown for a variety of activities and used as a basis for recognition. Various schemes for fusing sensor data are explored.
{"title":"Human activity recognition using a low cost, COTS radar network","authors":"Bahri Cagliyan, C. Karabacak, S. Gurbuz","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875784","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks have been a subject of much interest as a means for wide area surveillance. Typically, sensors such as acoustic, seismic, infrared, magnetic, and ultrasonic sensor have been employed to date. Radar, although possessing important advantages such as being able to operate in all weather conditions and nighttime, has not much been used in these systems due to their high power requirements, high cost, and large size. Recently, however, low-cost, COTS radar nodes have been developed that enable their application as part of a wireless surveillance network. In this work, the BumbleBee Radar developed by Samraksh Company is used as part of a wireless radar network to monitor the activities of a human moving within the sensing region of the network. The human micro-Doppler signature measured by the BumbleBee radar is shown for a variety of activities and used as a basis for recognition. Various schemes for fusing sensor data are explored.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129881044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875699
S. Kitagawa, R. Suga, O. Hashimoto
A switchable reflector using pin diodes for the radar cross section (RCS) reduction of an antenna reflector was proposed. The reflection coefficient of the proposed reflector was able to be switched between less than -25 dB with OFF-state diodes and more than -0.8 dB with ON-state diodes around 5 GHz. The proposed reflector with ON-state diodes was applied to a dipole antenna reflector and gave equivalent radiation pattern to with a metal reflector. It can contribute to the antenna RCS reduction at the radiation frequency without degrading antenna performance.
{"title":"A novel switchable reflector applied to antenna reflector for antenna radar cross section reduction","authors":"S. Kitagawa, R. Suga, O. Hashimoto","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875699","url":null,"abstract":"A switchable reflector using pin diodes for the radar cross section (RCS) reduction of an antenna reflector was proposed. The reflection coefficient of the proposed reflector was able to be switched between less than -25 dB with OFF-state diodes and more than -0.8 dB with ON-state diodes around 5 GHz. The proposed reflector with ON-state diodes was applied to a dipole antenna reflector and gave equivalent radiation pattern to with a metal reflector. It can contribute to the antenna RCS reduction at the radiation frequency without degrading antenna performance.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129294290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875568
L. Fertig
In this paper, a new closed-form expression for a common STAP performance metric (i.e., SINR Loss) is derived in terms of system parameters of interest. It is shown that this new relationship can be manipulated into new expressions for STAP Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV) and STAP “aperture-limited” performance. These new developments are significant as they provide the first derivations that unify these concepts. As they are implemented in compact closed-form expressions, the new results are attractive for system design.
{"title":"Analytical approximations for Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) performance","authors":"L. Fertig","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875568","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new closed-form expression for a common STAP performance metric (i.e., SINR Loss) is derived in terms of system parameters of interest. It is shown that this new relationship can be manipulated into new expressions for STAP Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV) and STAP “aperture-limited” performance. These new developments are significant as they provide the first derivations that unify these concepts. As they are implemented in compact closed-form expressions, the new results are attractive for system design.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124656263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875822
K. Windham, N. Goodman
Compressive sensing (CS) is becoming a popular technique for data acquisition and image reconstruction. However, sparse reconstruction often involves iterative inversion of a large system of equations. This paper explores the effects of slow-time subsampling on the Range Migration Algorithm (RMA) for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The objective is to consider methods of merging traditional image formation steps, such as range curvature correction, with CS methods for sparse reconstruction. If higher-order phase compensations can still be performed via existing algorithms, then it may be possible to perform image formation via a parallel set of reduced-size sparse reconstructions rather than one large reconstruction. We study range migration correction and evaluate the imaging function for scatterers distributed across the field of view and for various compression levels.
{"title":"Preliminary results on subsampling effects on range migration correction in SAR imaging","authors":"K. Windham, N. Goodman","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875822","url":null,"abstract":"Compressive sensing (CS) is becoming a popular technique for data acquisition and image reconstruction. However, sparse reconstruction often involves iterative inversion of a large system of equations. This paper explores the effects of slow-time subsampling on the Range Migration Algorithm (RMA) for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The objective is to consider methods of merging traditional image formation steps, such as range curvature correction, with CS methods for sparse reconstruction. If higher-order phase compensations can still be performed via existing algorithms, then it may be possible to perform image formation via a parallel set of reduced-size sparse reconstructions rather than one large reconstruction. We study range migration correction and evaluate the imaging function for scatterers distributed across the field of view and for various compression levels.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130082488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875818
U. Majumder, M. Bell, M. Rangaswamy
In this research, we introduce a signal processing framework for joint GMTI and SAR algorithms that is based on orthogonal (transmit and receive) waveforms. Traditionally, radar systems are configured to operate either in GMTI or SAR processing mode, but not both simultaneously. This is due to the fact that operational parameters for these two modes are quite different. For example, exoclutter GMTI processing requires a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF), but a high PRF results in increased range ambiguity - and an increased processing burden - in SAR imaging. We propose combining diverse, orthogonal waveforms and introducing corresponding processing techniques to reduce the problems and complexities of joint GMTI and SAR exploitation. For the exoclutter GMTI problem, the necessary high-PRF pulse train will be used to achieve finer Doppler resolution for detecting fast moving objects. For the endoclutter GMTI and SAR imaging problem, we will transmit low PRF pulses. The goal for low PRF pulses for endoclutter GMTI and SAR imaging is to ensure that range ambiguity issue has been addressed. These new approaches will achieve following benefits: (1) accomplish GMTI and SAR processing concurrently by eliminating the complexities associated with reconfiguring a radar system, (2) more efficiently use bandwidth by employing appropriate bandwidth for exoclutter GMTI pulses and SAR image formation pulses, and (3) reduce range ambiguity issue associated with high PRF operation.
{"title":"Diverse, orthogonal waveforms and signal processing architecture for joint GMTI and SAR applications","authors":"U. Majumder, M. Bell, M. Rangaswamy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875818","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we introduce a signal processing framework for joint GMTI and SAR algorithms that is based on orthogonal (transmit and receive) waveforms. Traditionally, radar systems are configured to operate either in GMTI or SAR processing mode, but not both simultaneously. This is due to the fact that operational parameters for these two modes are quite different. For example, exoclutter GMTI processing requires a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF), but a high PRF results in increased range ambiguity - and an increased processing burden - in SAR imaging. We propose combining diverse, orthogonal waveforms and introducing corresponding processing techniques to reduce the problems and complexities of joint GMTI and SAR exploitation. For the exoclutter GMTI problem, the necessary high-PRF pulse train will be used to achieve finer Doppler resolution for detecting fast moving objects. For the endoclutter GMTI and SAR imaging problem, we will transmit low PRF pulses. The goal for low PRF pulses for endoclutter GMTI and SAR imaging is to ensure that range ambiguity issue has been addressed. These new approaches will achieve following benefits: (1) accomplish GMTI and SAR processing concurrently by eliminating the complexities associated with reconfiguring a radar system, (2) more efficiently use bandwidth by employing appropriate bandwidth for exoclutter GMTI pulses and SAR image formation pulses, and (3) reduce range ambiguity issue associated with high PRF operation.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128663891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875826
Yaojiang Yu, A. Petropulu
Through-the-wall radars (TWR) are indispensable for situational awareness in a wide range of civilian and military applications. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) TWR exploit spatial diversity to improve the target detection performance of TWR in indoor environments. MIMO TWR combined with compressive sensing (CS) enable good performance while reducing the number of samples needed for target estimation and the data acquisition time. In previous MIMO TWR approaches, all antennas transmit the same waveforms in a time-division access fashion. This work presents a CS-MIMO TWR approach, in which the TX antennas transmit simultaneously different waveforms, thus allowing for further reduction of acquisition time.
{"title":"CS-MIMO radars for through-the-wall imaging with simultaneous transmission","authors":"Yaojiang Yu, A. Petropulu","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875826","url":null,"abstract":"Through-the-wall radars (TWR) are indispensable for situational awareness in a wide range of civilian and military applications. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) TWR exploit spatial diversity to improve the target detection performance of TWR in indoor environments. MIMO TWR combined with compressive sensing (CS) enable good performance while reducing the number of samples needed for target estimation and the data acquisition time. In previous MIMO TWR approaches, all antennas transmit the same waveforms in a time-division access fashion. This work presents a CS-MIMO TWR approach, in which the TX antennas transmit simultaneously different waveforms, thus allowing for further reduction of acquisition time.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128698953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875646
B. Barber
The role of sea clutter spikes in the SAR imaging of sandbanks at 20° grazing angle and HH polarization is investigated. Experimental data is presented and analysed to obtain statistical properties of the spike intensities based on K distributions. The phase statistics are also investigated using a three channel ATI and the velocities of the spikes measured and shown to be consistent with metre scale gravity waves.
{"title":"Modulated sea surface radar scatterers at moderate grazing angles","authors":"B. Barber","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875646","url":null,"abstract":"The role of sea clutter spikes in the SAR imaging of sandbanks at 20° grazing angle and HH polarization is investigated. Experimental data is presented and analysed to obtain statistical properties of the spike intensities based on K distributions. The phase statistics are also investigated using a three channel ATI and the velocities of the spikes measured and shown to be consistent with metre scale gravity waves.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127670473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875715
Robert Cole, B. Jameson, D. Garmatyuk, Y. Morton
This paper discusses an advancement in indoor navigation and target detection due to novel ultra-wideband (UWB) radar configuration and signal processing. We present the method of autonomous doorway identification and parameter estimation along with experimental data obtained using UWB OFDM software-defined radar. Simultaneous detection is carried out using return profiles of expected scenes in frequency domain. It is demonstrated that this method, when performed using multi-carrier OFDM signals, can be advantageous both in terms of target detection (PD/PFA) and in terms of radar-aided indoor positioning.
{"title":"Simultaneous indoor localization and detection with multi-carrier radar","authors":"Robert Cole, B. Jameson, D. Garmatyuk, Y. Morton","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875715","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses an advancement in indoor navigation and target detection due to novel ultra-wideband (UWB) radar configuration and signal processing. We present the method of autonomous doorway identification and parameter estimation along with experimental data obtained using UWB OFDM software-defined radar. Simultaneous detection is carried out using return profiles of expected scenes in frequency domain. It is demonstrated that this method, when performed using multi-carrier OFDM signals, can be advantageous both in terms of target detection (PD/PFA) and in terms of radar-aided indoor positioning.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127678415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-19DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875783
Bailu Wang, G. Cui, Wei Yi, Suqi Li, L. Kong
This paper considers the target detection problem using the distributed polarimetric MIMO (P-MIMO) radar in the presence of spatially heterogeneous clutter. The polarimetric covariance matrices (PCMs) of the primary and the secondary data are assumed to be random with partial priori knowledge of the environment, sharing some appropriate joint distribution. Two-step strategy is employed to design adaptive detector. Specifically, we first obtain the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector by assuming the known PCMs. Then, we derive the maximum posteriori (MAP) estimator of the PCMs by exploiting the priori information, and replace the exact PCMs with their MAP estimates. Finally, we evaluate the proposed adaptive detector via numerical simulations.
{"title":"Adaptive Bayesian detection using polarimetric MIMO radar in spatially heterogeneous clutter","authors":"Bailu Wang, G. Cui, Wei Yi, Suqi Li, L. Kong","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.6875783","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the target detection problem using the distributed polarimetric MIMO (P-MIMO) radar in the presence of spatially heterogeneous clutter. The polarimetric covariance matrices (PCMs) of the primary and the secondary data are assumed to be random with partial priori knowledge of the environment, sharing some appropriate joint distribution. Two-step strategy is employed to design adaptive detector. Specifically, we first obtain the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector by assuming the known PCMs. Then, we derive the maximum posteriori (MAP) estimator of the PCMs by exploiting the priori information, and replace the exact PCMs with their MAP estimates. Finally, we evaluate the proposed adaptive detector via numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":127690,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115936112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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