Future microbiology最新文献

Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae commonly causes nosocomial infections, and the rise of colistin-resistant strains poses a significant challenge to public health. This research aims to assess the worldwide prevalence of colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates through a systematic review of scientific literature.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of relevant studies available in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to December 2023. Following this, a meta-analysis was performed using Stata software to determine the overall prevalence of colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates and to conduct subgroup analyses.

Results: This meta-analysis reviewed 682 studies and found a global prevalence of colistin resistance at 13% among all K. pneumoniae isolates. Notably, the data shows an increase in colistin resistance from 6% in 2010 to 18% in 2023.

Conclusion: This study presents evidence of a substantial global prevalence of colistin resistance among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. It is recommended to conduct regular surveillance and testing for colistin resistance to effectively monitor and address this public health issue.

Purpose: Central nervous system infections are a significant global health concern that results in morbidity and mortality. In case of these infections, empirical antibiotic treatment should be initiated according to the microbiological findings of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the treatment should be rearranged according to the antibiogram results.The study aimed to determine the distribution of meningitis agents and antimicrobial resistance patterns in our hospital.

Methods: A total of 17,594 CSF culture samples collected from January 2020 to December 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. The study assessed demographic data, causative microorganisms, and antimicrobial resistance rates.

Results: Positive results were found in 7.3% of CSF culture samples, with 69.1% being gram-positive bacteria and 30.9% gram-negative bacteria. The highest positivity rate was detected in the palliative inpatient clinic (14.8%) despite most cultures being from the neonatal intensive care unit (23.5%). The most common microorganisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci(CoNS) (47.9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) (9.1%). Methicillin resistance was present in 89.7% of CoNS, and the rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains in K.pneumoniae was 32.4%.

Conclusion: Analysis of five-year data revealed the types of microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance in positive CSF cultures. These findings will guide clinicians in promptly choosing the most effective empirical treatment.

Aims: Subarachnoid neurocysticercosis is an aggressive form of Taeniasoliuminfection characterized by uncontrolled expansion of subarachnoid cysts. This study aims to investigate the role of exogenous lipidsand TGF-βin the proliferation of germinative cells and bladder wall expansion, providing insights into the biological mechanisms underlying cyst growth.

Material & methods: Germinative cells and bladder wall sections discarded after surgical resection of subarachnoid cysts in humans were cultured in vitro under axenic conditions. The effects of TGF-βand exogenous lipids, both individually and combined, were assessed through proliferation assays and morphological analysis to determine their role in cyst expansion.

Results: TGF-β-mediatedsignaling was found to be crucial for germinative cell replication, with lipid supply further enhancing bladder wall expansion. Long-term viability of cultured bladder wall sections was successfully maintained, enabling extended analysis of cyst biology.

Conclusions: Thisinvitrosystem provides a powerful platform for characterizing the biology of subarachnoid cysts and for testing new therapeutic agents aimed at improving the treatment of human neurocysticercosis.

Aim: To review the literature on the efficacy of silver (Ag) and vanadium (V) in disorganizing and eradicating oral biofilms (OB).

Materials & methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with searches performed in PubMed, Lilacs, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases.

Results: Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed efficacy in disorganizing and eradicating OB of Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida glabrata, but were less effective against Candida albicans. Vanadium chloroperoxidase (VCPO) disorganized OB of S. mutans and eradicated E. faecalis. The association of Ag and V in the compound β-AgVO₃ showed high biofilm eradicating effect.

Conclusion: Ag exhibits significant antibiofilm effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral bacteria, with limited activity against C. albicans. The antibiofilm activity of V compounds requires further validation. The association of Ag and V presented efficacy in eradicating OB. These findings highlight the potential for integrating Ag and V compounds into dental materials to enhance oral health. Despite methodological heterogeneity and limitations in evaluating unispecies biofilms under in vitro conditions, future research should standardize methodologies and validate these effects in vivo to assess their clinical potential.

Background: The World Health Organization's "2021-2030 Strategic Plan for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)" spotlights 21 NTDs, including three viral pathogens: Dengue, Rabies, and Chikungunya. These diseases, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, pose a global health threat driven by globalization. Comprehending their research trends and hotspots is vital. Hence, this bibliometric analysis aims to reveal the global research landscape and guide future strategies of viral NTDs.

Methods: Data from the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was analyzed for the period 2014-2023, focusing on publications related to Dengue, Rabies, and Chikungunya. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were carried out using VOSviewer, Bibliometrix in RStudio, and CiteSpace to generate descriptive statistics and identify latent thematic structures.

Results: The analysis covered 13,472 publications from 184 countries/regions, involving 12,219 institutions/organizations, published across 1,673 journals by 56,733 researchers. An upward trend in annual publication output was seen from 2014 to 2021, peaking at 1,534 articles in 2021, followed by a significant drop. Bibliometric indicators were used to identify core journals, prolific authors, leading institutions, dominant countries, and emerging research themes.

Conclusion: The study offers valuable insights and practical guidance for researchers in the domain of viral NTDs.

In recent years, the incidence of metabolic disorders has exponentially increased worldwide mainly due to the misfunctioning of chemical reactions. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurred during pregnancy when placenta prevent absorption of sufficient insulin in mother's body. Although this disorder usually disappears after delivery, it could raise the probability of developing complications in the future. GDM is associated with adverse effects on women and their children, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, administration of probiotics as a live microorganism with the wide array of health values could contribute to restore and stabilize gut microbiota and subsequently regulate essential internal functions such as development of immunity. In this review, we focus primarily on some causes and effects of GDM in pregnant women and then Faecalibacterium prasnitzii, the most abundant butyrate-producing bacterium in gut, which have been using as a prominent biomarker in health and disease and also potential anti-inflammatory treatment owing to the production of active molecules.

The global surge in antibiotic resistance has accelerated the search for alternative antimicrobial strategies, with bacteriocins emerging as promising candidates. These ribosomally synthesized peptides exhibit potent, targeted antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and have shown efficacy in food preservation, pharmaceuticals, and clinical applications. Their specificity and rapid bactericidal action offer distinct advantages over conventional antibiotics, including a potentially lower risk of resistance development. Nonetheless, recent studies report resistance mechanisms such as membrane modifications, efflux pumps, and enzymatic degradation. Despite their potential, only a limited number of bacteriocins have been commercialized primarily for food applications with none yet approved for therapeutic use. Major barriers include low production yields, poor stability, and stringent regulatory challenges. This review presents a comprehensive overview of bacteriocins, including their classification, mechanisms of action, and commercial landscape. It further highlights current innovations aimed at overcoming translational bottlenecks, such as genetic engineering, nanotechnology-based delivery, and fermentation optimization. Ultimately, the review underscores the need for interdisciplinary research and harmonized regulatory frameworks to fully realize bacteriocins' potential in addressing the global antibiotic resistance crisis.