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Improving the Role of Medical Scientific Societies during Health Crises 提高医学科学学会在健康危机中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.21.15.838
M. Fereidouni, N. Rezaei
The COVID-19 crisis is ongoing and there is no clear prospect for overcoming it. This crisis has revealed many problems and deficiencies in different sectors, particularly the health system and more importantly in communication, decision-making, and executive systems not only at the national, but also at the international level. For better confrontation future crises, identifying these pitfalls and resolving them is very important; in this regard, scientific societies play a very fundamental role. Firstly, they should perform deep reforms in their structure for better efficacy, coordination, and impact. It is to be hoped that scientific societies have learned enough from this pandemic to be ready for the next one. There is a need to develop a suitable model for more effective and coordinated approaches in the future, amid to reduce the casualties and more appropriate responses to health crises in a shorter period of time and with greater efficiency. In this manuscript we proposed a model for scientific societies to improve their impacts during health crises. This includes establishing preevent capabilities, in crisis actions, and recommendations to be taken after the current crisis and before the next one.
新冠肺炎危机仍在持续,克服危机的前景并不明朗。这场危机暴露了不同部门的许多问题和不足,特别是卫生系统,更重要的是,不仅在国家一级,而且在国际一级,在沟通、决策和执行系统方面。为了更好地应对未来的危机,识别这些陷阱并解决它们是非常重要的;在这方面,科学社团起着非常重要的作用。一是深化机构改革,增强效能、协调性和影响力。希望科学社会已经从这次大流行中吸取了足够的教训,为下一次大流行做好准备。有必要制定一种合适的模式,以便今后采取更有效和更协调的办法,减少伤亡,并在更短的时间内以更高的效率对健康危机作出更适当的反应。在这篇手稿中,我们提出了一个模型,以提高科学社会在健康危机期间的影响。这包括在危机行动中建立预防能力,以及在当前危机之后和下一次危机之前采取的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Reality of Life and Environmental Changes after COVID-19 Pandemic in India 新冠肺炎大流行后印度的生活现实与环境变化
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.15.1.789
S. Kalpana, S. Bhuminathan, Prasanth Bk
The main industrial sources of emissions have decreased or completely stopped during the lockdown era, which helped reduce the pollution load [10]It is also found that, the concentration of pH, electric conductivity [EC], DO, BOD and chemical oxygen demand [COD] has reduced almost 1-10%, 3366%, 45-90%, and 33-82% respectively in different monitoring stations during the lockdown in comparison to the pre-lockdown period [11] [ ]the number of flights and vehicular movements around the world has significantly decreased due to travel restrictions, which have consequently lowered the level of noise pollution [ ]a sudden rise and proper management of hazardous waste has become an important problem for the local waste management authorities * According to recent published literature, SARS-CoV-2 viruses are reported to exist on cardboard every day and on plastics and stainless steel for up to 3 days [19] [ ]hospitalgenerated waste should be adequately handled to minimise more infection and environmental contamination, which is now a global concern * Though, experts and responsible authorities suggest for the proper disposal and segregation of household organic waste and plastic based protective equipment [hazardous medical waste], but mixing up these wastes increases the risk of disease transmission, and exposure to the virus of waste workers [20] * Massive amounts of disinfectants have recently been used to destroy the SARS-CoV-2 virus in highways, industrial, and residential areas [ ]after the Partition of India in 1947, India witnessed the second-largest reverse mass in its history
在封城期间,主要工业排放源减少或完全停止,有助于减少污染负荷[10]。研究还发现,pH、电导率[EC]、DO、BOD和化学需氧量[COD]的浓度下降了近1-10%、336%、45-90%。[11][]由于旅行限制,世界各地的航班和车辆移动数量大幅减少,从而降低了噪音污染水平[]。危险废物的突然增加和适当管理已成为当地废物管理部门面临的一个重要问题*根据最近发表的文献,据报道,SARS-CoV-2病毒每天都存在于纸板上,塑料和不锈钢上长达3天[19][]医院产生的废物应得到充分处理,以尽量减少感染和环境污染,这现已成为全球关注的问题*尽管如此,专家和主管当局建议对家庭有机废物和塑料防护设备[危险医疗废物]进行适当处置和隔离,但混合这些废物增加了疾病传播的风险,并增加了废物工人接触病毒的风险[20]*最近在高速公路、工业和居民区使用了大量消毒剂来消灭SARS-CoV-2病毒[]1947年印度分治后,印度见证了其历史上第二大的反大规模
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引用次数: 0
A Morphological Study of Anatomical Variations in 96 Circles of Willis: an Autopsic Evaluation and Literature Review 96个威利斯环解剖变异的形态学研究:尸检评估和文献复习
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.21.15.827
A. Dumitrescu, R. Cobzaru, C. Rîpă, Roxana-Maria Barbu, C. Costea, M. Tanase, V. Șorodoc, L. Hilițanu, L. Gavril, A. Sava
Aim and background: Because circle of Willis provides the best collateral source of blood flow in arterial occlusive disorders, identifying anatomical variants that could be present at this level is especially essential in planning surgery for cerebral aneurysms. Given the fact that the frequency of these anatomical variations of circle of Willis has not yet been sufficiently evaluated in the Romanian population until presently, we have conducted a research in a regional health unit, where there are admitted patients with neurological and neurosurgical diseases living in the North-Eastern region of Romania, in order to identify morphological features of the constituent vessels of fresh circles of Willis at the moment of the autopsy of the deceased patients in the Emergency Clinical Hospital „Prof. dr. N. Oblu” Ia�?i. There has been noted the presence or absence, variations of shape, position or trajectory of each arterial segment. In the end, our results were compared with those from literature in order to identify some particular pattern of this anastomotic structure in the population of the North-Eastern region of Romania. Materials and Methods: The present research is a descriptive in-hospital observational study on the morphology of the circles of Willis of 96 patients who died of various medical causes in the Emergency Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr. N. Oblu” Ia�?i, in a period of 30 months, to whom an anatomo-clinical autopsy was performed in order to determine the cause of death. Results: From the total of 96 available human brains, 28 cases (29.17%) were classified as ”atypical” as they expressed anatomical variants of the constituent vessels. Among the 28 deceased patients with atypical CW, the M: F ratio was 1.15 and the average age of the entire group was 61.78 years. From the 28 atypical circles of Willis, 19 of them (67.86%) presented multiple anatomical variants, and only 9 cases (32.14%) had a single anatomical variant. Among multiple variants of the vessels of the circle of Willis, we identified the association of two (32.14%), three (25%), four (7.14%), or five (3.57%) anatomical variants of those seven constituent arteries. Eight types of variations of the constituent arteries of the circle of Willis were identified: absence of a vessel, partial fetal ACP, hypoplasia, duplication, fenestration, azygos, common trunk with another vessel at the origin, longer length with sinuous trajectory. Conclusion: Our results showed intermediate values between those reported in various studies performed on circles of Willis obtained at autopsies. These differences can be interpreted as possible peculiarities of the population in North-Eastern region of Romania. Unlike all other studies with which we compared the results obtained, in our research two thirds of cases with variations presented multiple anatomical variants, including five simultaneous variants.
目的和背景:由于Willis环是动脉闭塞性疾病中最佳的侧支血流来源,因此在脑动脉瘤的手术计划中,识别可能存在于这一水平的解剖变异尤为重要。鉴于迄今为止尚未充分评估罗马尼亚人口中威利斯圈这些解剖变异的频率,我们在一个地区保健单位进行了一项研究,该单位有居住在罗马尼亚东北部地区的神经和神经外科疾病住院患者。在紧急临床医院对死者进行尸检时,为了确定新鲜威利斯肌圈组成血管的形态特征。N.奥布卢博士“我……”已注意到存在或不存在,形状,位置或轨迹的变化,每个动脉段。最后,将我们的结果与文献中的结果进行比较,以确定罗马尼亚东北地区人口中这种吻合结构的某些特定模式。材料和方法:本研究是一项描述性的院内观察研究,对96名因各种医学原因死亡的患者的威利斯圈形态学进行了研究。在为期30个月的时间里,对其进行了解剖-临床尸检,以确定死因。结果:在96例可用的人脑中,28例(29.17%)因其组成血管的解剖变异而被归类为“非典型”。28例死亡的非典型CW患者,M: F比为1.15,全组平均年龄为61.78岁。在28例非典型Willis圆中,19例(67.86%)存在多解剖变异,仅有9例(32.14%)存在单一解剖变异。在威利斯圈血管的多种变异中,我们确定了这7个组成动脉的2个(32.14%)、3个(25%)、4个(7.14%)或5个(3.57%)解剖变异的关联。发现Willis圈组成动脉的8种变异类型:无血管、胎儿ACP部分、发育不全、重复、开窗、奇偶、在起源处与另一血管共干、长度较长且轨迹弯曲。结论:我们的结果显示了在尸检中获得的威利斯圈的各种研究报告之间的中间值。这些差异可以解释为罗马尼亚东北部地区人口的可能特点。与我们比较结果的所有其他研究不同,在我们的研究中,三分之二的变异病例呈现多种解剖变异,包括五种同时变异。
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引用次数: 0
Human Right Violations in the 2018 EbolaOutbreak: What can Improve in Covid-19Isolation Protocols? 2018年埃博拉疫情中侵犯人权的行为:covid -19隔离协议可以改善哪些方面?
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.15.3.818
Àlex, ra Androni
Amidst the wake of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) that has been ravaging parts of Africa, severalisolative measures are followed to halt the spread of the epidemic. Many of these measures are yet drastic and directly affect the fundamental rights of individuals involved. The EVD outbreaks open a big discussion on public health and human rights. This article focuses on the human rights violated in the battle of EVD and considers how these are similar, yet can be avoided in the management of COVID-19.
在肆虐非洲部分地区的埃博拉病毒病(EVD)之后,采取了若干隔离措施来阻止该流行病的传播。这些措施中有许多是激烈的,直接影响到有关个人的基本权利。埃博拉病毒病的爆发引发了关于公共卫生和人权的大讨论。本文重点介绍了在埃博拉病毒病的斗争中侵犯人权的情况,并探讨了这些情况如何相似,但在COVID-19的管理中可以避免。
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引用次数: 0
An Autopsic Study on Bilateral Hypoplasiaof the Posterior Communicating Arteriesin Cerebrovascular Diseases 脑血管病双侧后交通动脉发育不全的尸检研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.15.1.784
A. Dumitrescu, A. Sava, D. Turliuc, A. Cucu, R. Șufaru, I. Gotcă, I. Grierosu, Ş. Turliuc
Objective: To identify the clinical consequences of bilateral hypoplasia of the posterior communicating arteries (PCoAs) in order to provide a clue to neurosurgeons and neurologists in their work to diagnose and treat patients with stroke symptoms. Material and methods: We performed an anatomical retrospective study on gross morphology of 98 circles of Willis (CW) that were identified at the time of the autopsies made on patients who have died in the "Prof. dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital Iasi, Romania, the main neurological and neuro-surgical healthcare Centre in the region of North-Eastern Romania, for a period of three years. Demographical and autopsic data, as well as photographic images were taken from the registers and archives of the Pathology Department. Only CWs with bilateral hypoplasia of PCoA without any other associated anatomical abnormalities were studied. Results: In 5 cases (5.12%) we identified bilateral hypoplasia of PCoAs. Male: Female ratio was 3: 2. The average age was 63.5 years. 80% of cases died of ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke, but 10% died of heart disease. In 2 (40%) cases, one of the two PCoAs presented aplasia and the other was hypoplastic, an event related to frontal lobe strokes on the same side. In the other two (40%) cases in which both arteries were hypoplastic, the cause of death was ischemic stroke located in the brainstem. In only one case (20%), even in the presence of bilateral hypoplasia of PCoAs, the cause of death was non-neurological. Conclusion: Even if literature claims that PCoA hypoplasia becomes a risk factor for ischemic stroke only in the presence of ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, in our study we found that aplasia of one of the two PCoAs associated with hypoplasia of the controlateral artery caused ischemic stroke in the brainstem, thus revealing the role of PCoAs in ensuring the posterior circulation in case of occlusion of the vertebro-basilar system.
目的:探讨双侧后交通动脉(PCoAs)发育不全的临床后果,为神经外科医生和神经科医生诊断和治疗脑卒中患者提供依据。材料和方法:我们对98个威利斯环(CW)的大体形态进行了解剖回顾性研究,这些环是在罗马尼亚东北部地区主要的神经和神经外科保健中心“教授博士N. Oblu”急诊临床医院(Iasi)对死亡患者进行尸检时确定的,为期三年。从病理科的登记和档案中获取了人口统计和尸检数据以及摄影图像。我们只研究了双侧PCoA发育不全且无其他相关解剖异常的CWs。结果:双侧pcoa发育不全5例(5.12%)。男女比例为3:2。平均年龄为63.5岁。80%的病例死于缺血性或出血性中风,但10%死于心脏病。在2例(40%)病例中,两个pcoa中的一个表现为发育不全,另一个表现为发育不全,这一事件与同侧额叶中风有关。在另外两个(40%)双动脉发育不全的病例中,死亡原因是位于脑干的缺血性中风。只有一例(20%),即使存在双侧pcoa发育不全,死亡原因也是非神经性的。结论:尽管文献认为PCoA发育不全仅在同侧颈内动脉(ICA)闭塞时才会成为缺血性卒中的危险因素,但在我们的研究中,我们发现与控制侧动脉发育不全相关的两种PCoA中的一种发育不全导致脑干缺血性卒中,从而揭示了PCoA在椎基底系统闭塞时保障后循环的作用。
{"title":"An Autopsic Study on Bilateral Hypoplasiaof the Posterior Communicating Arteriesin Cerebrovascular Diseases","authors":"A. Dumitrescu, A. Sava, D. Turliuc, A. Cucu, R. Șufaru, I. Gotcă, I. Grierosu, Ş. Turliuc","doi":"10.36648/1791-809X.15.1.784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1791-809X.15.1.784","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the clinical consequences of bilateral hypoplasia of the posterior communicating arteries (PCoAs) in order to provide a clue to neurosurgeons and neurologists in their work to diagnose and treat patients with stroke symptoms. Material and methods: We performed an anatomical retrospective study on gross morphology of 98 circles of Willis (CW) that were identified at the time of the autopsies made on patients who have died in the \"Prof. dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital Iasi, Romania, the main neurological and neuro-surgical healthcare Centre in the region of North-Eastern Romania, for a period of three years. Demographical and autopsic data, as well as photographic images were taken from the registers and archives of the Pathology Department. Only CWs with bilateral hypoplasia of PCoA without any other associated anatomical abnormalities were studied. Results: In 5 cases (5.12%) we identified bilateral hypoplasia of PCoAs. Male: Female ratio was 3: 2. The average age was 63.5 years. 80% of cases died of ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke, but 10% died of heart disease. In 2 (40%) cases, one of the two PCoAs presented aplasia and the other was hypoplastic, an event related to frontal lobe strokes on the same side. In the other two (40%) cases in which both arteries were hypoplastic, the cause of death was ischemic stroke located in the brainstem. In only one case (20%), even in the presence of bilateral hypoplasia of PCoAs, the cause of death was non-neurological. Conclusion: Even if literature claims that PCoA hypoplasia becomes a risk factor for ischemic stroke only in the presence of ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, in our study we found that aplasia of one of the two PCoAs associated with hypoplasia of the controlateral artery caused ischemic stroke in the brainstem, thus revealing the role of PCoAs in ensuring the posterior circulation in case of occlusion of the vertebro-basilar system.","PeriodicalId":12868,"journal":{"name":"Health science journal","volume":"590 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78130094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Health Benefits of Jaggery Tea on the Account of COVID-19 Jaggery Tea对COVID-19的健康益处
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.21.S3.010
B. Patil
Jaggery is rich in iron and foliate that help in preventing anemia by ensuring that a normal level of red blood cells is maintained. "With the growing awareness in the Indian market about eating right, avoiding refined products and replacing those refined sugars with natural sweeteners, chefs and nutritionists have started and reinventing healthy recipes using jaggery, coconut sugar, or even date syrups etc as sugar alternatives," adds Kutteri. References 1 Lamdande AG, Khabeer ST, Kulathooran R, DasappaI (2018) Effect of Replacement of sugar with jaggery on pasting properties of Wheat flour, Physico-sensory and storage characteristics of Muffins.
枸杞富含铁和叶酸,通过维持正常的红细胞水平,有助于预防贫血。Kutteri补充说:“随着印度市场对正确饮食、避免精制产品和用天然甜味剂代替精制糖的意识日益增强,厨师和营养学家已经开始重新发明健康食谱,使用粗糖、椰子糖甚至枣糖浆等作为糖的替代品。”参考文献1 Lamdande AG, Khabeer ST, Kulathooran R, DasappaI(2018)粗糖替代糖对小麦粉糊化性能、松饼物理感官及贮藏特性的影响。
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引用次数: 1
An Evaluation of Dose and Sourcedependent Activity of Ethanolic Extractof Trigonellafoenum-graecum againstDiabetes Using Alloxan-Induced RatModel 用四氧嘧啶诱导大鼠模型评价甘油三酯乙醇提取物抗糖尿病的剂量依赖性和来源依赖性
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.15.2.805
Mafruha Kumkum, ni Akter Rokeya, Md. Rafat Tahsin, E. Haque, T. I. Tithi, J. A. Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, A. Choudhury, Md. Shah Amran
Metabolic disorder diabetes results from an alteration of the secretion or action of insulin. Trigonella foenum-graecum is a traditionally used specimen since ancient times. We aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic potential of ethanolic extract of T. foenum-graecum seed powder solution both in a dose and source-dependent manner as well as to fathom out its safety profile so that this plant can be used to ameliorate diabetes. Diabetes was induced in the rat model via intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Ethanolic extract of T. foenum-graecum was administered to rats’ belonged to different groups. Blood glucose levels were assessed periodically and the safety profiles were evaluated through assessment of SGOT, SGPT, creatinine, and lipid profiles after sacrificing the animals. It has been evidenced that T. foenum-graecum possesses anti-diabetic activity. Furthermore, the extract is capable of reversing the disturbed pathological state towards a healthy status. Besides, these therapeutic consequences possess dose-dependent potentiality (p<0.05), further a noteworthy source dependent (p<0.01) response were experienced. It may confer that the inconsistency associated with the remedial impacts between 2 same doses belonged to two distinct sources are due to accuracy of lab-based preparation, geographic area of cultivation, and also the season of collection. Apart from that, the visual and statistical inspections have evidence that the medium and the high dose are imparting almost indistinguishable therapeutic effects. Presumably, the reason lies beneath the receptor saturation issue.
代谢紊乱糖尿病是由胰岛素分泌或作用的改变引起的。葫芦巴是自古以来使用的传统标本。本研究的目的是在剂量依赖性和来源依赖性的情况下,研究葡萄籽粉溶液乙醇提取物的降糖潜力,并了解其安全性,以便该植物可以用于改善糖尿病。采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(150 mg/kg)诱导大鼠糖尿病模型。以不同组大鼠为实验对象,分别给予枳实乙醇提取物。定期评估血糖水平,并在牺牲动物后通过评估SGOT、SGPT、肌酐和脂质来评估安全性。有研究表明,黄曲霉具有抗糖尿病作用。此外,提取物能够将紊乱的病理状态逆转为健康状态。此外,这些治疗结果具有剂量依赖性(p<0.05),并且存在显著的源依赖性(p<0.01)。属于两个不同来源的两个相同剂量之间的治疗效果不一致可能是由于实验室制备的准确性、培养的地理区域以及采集季节。除此之外,目测和统计检查有证据表明,中剂量和高剂量所产生的治疗效果几乎没有区别。据推测,原因在受体饱和问题之下。
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引用次数: 0
Different Methods of COVID-19 Detection 不同的COVID-19检测方法
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.21.S3.001
Zhangmengxue Lei
Objective: Explore the performance of different test methods in detecting COVID-19 antibodies and antigens. Methods: Compare the results of different test methods on samples from novel coronavirus pneumonia patients, and randomly select some of the confirmed samples after gradient dilution to detect the sensitivity of the test products. The sample used for rapid detection of COVID-19 antigen was nasal swab. Three kinds of sample used in the detection of novel coronavirus antibodies were venipuncture/ fingerstick whole blood, serum and plasma. Results: The detection rate of covid-19 antibody increased with the increase of the onset time of patients, while the detection rate of antigen decreased gradually, which was in line with the nature of antigen and antibody in the human body. Conclusion: In view of the advantages of antibody and antigen detection, such as convenient and sample collection, high throughput, low workload, high reproducibility and low cost, we hope to lay a scientific foundation for the horizontal comparison of the data of products (Abbott, Roche, Healgen, AllTest, Citest, Siemens, Lepu, Wondfo) obtained in the research and practical application of epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19.
目的:探讨不同检测方法检测新型冠状病毒抗体和抗原的效果。方法:比较不同检测方法对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者标本的检测结果,随机抽取部分经梯度稀释的确诊标本,检测检测产品的敏感性。用于快速检测COVID-19抗原的样品为鼻拭子。新型冠状病毒抗体检测采用静脉穿刺/指插全血、血清和血浆三种样品。结果:covid-19抗体的检出率随着患者发病时间的增加而升高,而抗原的检出率则逐渐下降,这符合人体内抗原和抗体的性质。结论:鉴于抗体和抗原检测在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控研究和实际应用中所获得的产品(雅培、罗氏、Healgen、AllTest、Citest、Siemens、乐普、Wondfo)的数据横向比较等优势,我们希望为这些产品的数据横向比较奠定科学基础。
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引用次数: 4
The Balance Concept on Unilateral VestibularHypofunction Patients Changes the Balance andQuality of Life 单侧前庭功能减退患者的平衡观念改变了平衡和生活质量
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.21.15.835
Silvia Maria Sobral Oliveira, Allan Mateus da Silva Lima, Carolina Veiga Pereira, Emily Macedo Mainardi, Gabrielle Woan Hua Seifert Wu, Isis Pinheiro Damasceno, Luciane Lobato Sobral Santos, Rodrigo Santiago Barbosa Rocha, Maryana Therumy Kabuki, Larissa Salgado de Oliveira Rocha
Objective: To evaluate the Balance Concept influence upon balance and quality of life of unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) patients and their self-perception. Method: 6 patients were selected, both sexes and mean ages 55,33 ± 20,66, and the mean time of UVH basis diagnosis of 4,33 ± 3,32 years, were submitted to exercises based on Balance Concept three times a week, during 12 sessions and assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Dizzines Handicap Inventory questionnaire and Berg Balance Scale. Shapiro Wilk test and T test sample data (p<0,05) were used. Results: It was observed on Berg Balance Scale significant increase by comparing pre-treatment over post-treatment (p=0,0059), likewise on Dizzines Handicap Inventory scale, which was significant if comparing pre-treatment and post-treatment rates (p=<0.0001), in the same way, it was reported by the patients, an improvement after the proposed protocol. Conclusion: The used protocol based on the Balance Concept in this study helped the reduction of dizziness and balance improvement on unilateral vestibular hypo function patients, reflecting directly on their daily activities.
目的:探讨平衡概念对单侧前庭功能减退(UVH)患者平衡、生活质量及自我认知的影响。方法:选择6例患者,平均年龄55、33±20、66岁,平均UVH诊断时间分别为4、33±3、32年,每周进行3次基于平衡概念的运动,共12个疗程,采用简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、眩晕障碍量表和Berg平衡量表进行评估。采用Shapiro Wilk检验和T检验样本资料(p< 0.05)。结果:Berg平衡量表比较治疗前与治疗后显著提高(p= 0.0059), Dizzines障碍量表比较治疗前与治疗后显著提高(p=<0.0001),同样由患者报告,方案提出后改善。结论:本研究采用的基于平衡概念的方案有助于减轻单侧前庭功能低下患者的头晕和平衡改善,直接反映在患者的日常活动上。
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引用次数: 1
Measures of Efficacious COVID-19 Vaccine 有效的COVID-19疫苗措施
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.21.15.855
S. Chakrabartty
Purpose: Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine is increasingly important for better immunization, sustain uptake, in the background of availability of a number of vaccines and uneven vaccination programmes with different objectives and strategies. The paper explores different measures of vaccine efficiency (VE) at population level for comparing and classifying groups of individuals in terms of risk and to find relationships between exposures and spread of disease. Methods: To review model-free measures and outcome measures of mathematical/ statistical models towards meaningful comparisons and assessment of efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and to suggest better measures. Results: Mathematical models with unrealistic assumptions and limitations may underestimate the impact of mass vaccination. Interrupted time-series comparing trends in pre-vaccination and post-vaccine periods have wide applicability. Two suggested measures of VE are (i) difference of slopes of pre- and post-vaccination periods and (ii) Relative Risk (RR), reflecting association between the exposure and the outcome. Conclusions: VE computed from difference of slopes of two linear trends or RR facilitates statistical testing of equality of the vaccine efficiency for two different groups with available statistical tests. Measures based on ratios and proportions are simple to compute, interpret and facilitate meaningful comparisons including statistical testing of hypothesis. Such measures may be computed for sub-populations defined in terms of the factors of COVID 19 like age, gender, co-morbidities, genetic & biological factors, adaptive immunity, prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 via infection or via vaccination, etc. Model-free measures for evaluation and models considering administration of vaccine mechanism may be considered independently. Future studies suggested.
目的:在多种疫苗可获得以及不同目标和战略的疫苗接种规划不均衡的背景下,COVID-19疫苗的有效性对于更好地免疫和持续吸收越来越重要。本文探讨了在人群水平上疫苗效率(VE)的不同衡量标准,以便根据风险对个体群体进行比较和分类,并发现暴露与疾病传播之间的关系。方法:回顾数学/统计模型对SARS-CoV-2疫苗有效性有意义的比较和评估的无模型度量和结果度量,并提出更好的度量方法。结果:具有不切实际假设和局限性的数学模型可能低估了大规模疫苗接种的影响。中断时间序列比较疫苗接种前和疫苗接种后时期的趋势具有广泛的适用性。两种建议的VE测量方法是(i)接种前后时间斜率的差异和(ii)相对危险度(RR),反映暴露与结果之间的关联。结论:从两个线性趋势的斜率之差或RR计算出的VE,便于用可用的统计检验方法对两组疫苗效率的平等性进行统计检验。以比率和比例为基础的测量方法易于计算、解释和促进有意义的比较,包括假设的统计检验。这些措施可以根据年龄、性别、合并症、遗传和生物因素、适应性免疫、之前通过感染或疫苗接种接触过SARS-CoV-2等因素定义的亚人群进行计算。可独立考虑用于评价的无模型措施和考虑疫苗机制管理的模型。未来的研究表明。
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