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#LoveYourBody: An Experimental Test of the Effects of Objectification and Body Appreciation Content on Instagram Fitness and Health Posts Among Young Women. #LoveYourBody:一项关于年轻女性在Instagram健身和健康帖子中客观化和身体欣赏内容影响的实验测试。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2265647
Leticia Couto, Jessica Fitts Willoughby

Fitspiration content on Instagram often includes images in which women are objectified but may also include captions that aim to positively motivate viewers, such as through messaging about body appreciation. Viewing objectifying content in fitspiration posts may be problematic for young women's mental health, but it's unclear if positive messaging may help to alleviate some of these effects. In this study, we conducted a 2 × 2 online experiment assessing the effects of body appreciation and objectification content present in Instagram fitness posts by influencers on young women (N = 200). The outcome variables were state body appreciation, trait body appreciation, self-esteem, and self-compassion. We found an interaction between the presence and absence of objectification and presence and absence of body appreciation that significantly influenced self-compassion and body appreciation. The interaction suggests that self-compassion and state body appreciation are higher in the presence of body appreciation messaging, although there were not main effects for just viewing objectifying images or body appreciation captions. This means that just body appreciation or just objectification may not affect state body appreciation and self-compassion, but the two together have an effect. Our findings suggest that body appreciation captions may serve as a protective factor for self-compassion and state body appreciation when young women view Instagram fitspiration posts that include sexual objectification. Health communicators could encourage influencers to include body appreciation content in their fitspiration posts to help improve self-compassion among viewers, and interventions could work to promote body appreciation among young women to encourage self-compassion.

Instagram上的健身内容通常包括女性被物化的图片,但也可能包括旨在积极激励观众的字幕,例如通过关于身体欣赏的信息。观看健身帖子中的客观内容可能会对年轻女性的心理健康产生问题,但尚不清楚积极的信息是否有助于缓解其中的一些影响。在这项研究中,我们进行了2 × 2项在线实验,评估有影响力的人在Instagram健身帖子中对身体的欣赏和物化内容对年轻女性的影响(N = 200)。结果变量为状态身体欣赏、特质身体欣赏、自尊和自我同情。我们发现,客观化的存在与否与身体欣赏的存在与不存在之间存在相互作用,这对自我同情和身体欣赏产生了显著影响。这种互动表明,在身体欣赏信息的存在下,自我同情和状态-身体欣赏更高,尽管仅仅观看实物化图像或身体欣赏字幕并没有产生主要影响。这意味着,仅仅的身体欣赏或对象化可能不会影响状态-身体欣赏和自我同情,但两者共同作用。我们的研究结果表明,当年轻女性观看包括性客体化在内的Instagram健身帖子时,身体欣赏字幕可能是自我同情和身体欣赏的保护因素。健康传播者可以鼓励有影响力的人在健身帖子中加入身体欣赏内容,以帮助提高观众的自我同情,干预措施可以促进年轻女性的身体欣赏,鼓励自我同情。
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引用次数: 0
Information Seeking and Avoidance in the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Function of Political Ideology and National Context: A Survey Comparing the US and Germany. 新冠肺炎疫情中的信息寻求和规避与政治意识形态和国家背景的关系:美国和德国的比较调查。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2263220
Helena Bilandzic, Jessica Gall Myrick

The COVID-19 pandemic sparked a globally heightened need for scientific information. At the same time, the abundance of information led to tendencies of media fatigue and information avoidance. Both information seeking and avoidance are embedded in a specific national context, in which conditions of and measures against the pandemic may differ dramatically. In addition, the pandemic quickly became entangled with political ideology. Using the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model (RISP) as a theoretical background, we investigate the role of national context and political ideology for information seeking and avoidance in a comparative survey in the U.S. and Germany during the early phase of the pandemic. Results show that the factors predicting information behavior are effective in both countries with only few differences: In both countries, perceived hazard characteristics, information norms and perceived information gathering capacity were related to higher information seeking and lower information avoidance. Ideology too is an important influence: Right-leaning ideology was associated with lower levels of information norms in both countries; but only in the US was right-leaning ideology connected to less perceived hazard characteristics and less negative affective responses. Results are discussed regarding their implications for the RISP model.

新冠肺炎大流行引发全球对科学信息的需求增加。与此同时,信息的丰富导致了媒体疲劳和信息回避的趋势。寻求信息和避免信息都是在特定的国家背景下进行的,在这种背景下,应对疫情的条件和措施可能会有很大不同。此外,疫情很快与政治意识形态纠缠在一起。以风险信息寻求和处理模型(RISP)为理论背景,我们在疫情早期对美国和德国进行的一项比较调查中,调查了国家背景和政治意识形态在信息寻求和避免中的作用。结果表明,预测信息行为的因素在两国都是有效的,只有很少的差异:在两国,感知危险特征、信息规范和感知信息收集能力与较高的信息寻求和较低的信息回避有关。意识形态也是一个重要影响:右倾意识形态与两国较低水平的信息规范有关;但只有在美国,右倾意识形态与较少感知的危险特征和较少的负面情感反应有关。讨论了结果对RISP模型的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Socializing into a Profession with High Early Turnover: Nursing Students' Expectations for Leader-Member Relationships. 社会化成为早期离职率高的职业:护理专业学生对领导-成员关系的期望。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2270246
Jennifer K Ptacek, Leah M Omilion-Hodges

The nursing profession is wrought with high levels of turnover, particularly among new nurses. One reason for this turnover may be explained by a disparity between what new nurses expect in terms of communication from leaders and coworkers and what they realistically receive. This study uses a mixed-methods experimental design to explore young adult nursing students' preferences for manager communication behaviors, how different managerial archetypes influence nursing students' perceptions of their leader, and how personal factors may influence nursing students' preferences for various managerial styles. Findings suggest that new nurses prefer more mentor- and teacher-type managers and that managerial archetypes influence young adult nursing students' perceptions of leader credibility, effectiveness, leader-member exchange, and employee commitment. Furthermore, personal factors such as self-worth and desire for relational communication behaviors influence preferred manager type. Participants' qualitative responses reveal several task and behavioral wants and needs of new nurses. Findings from this study can informatively help to bridge the gap between expectations and reality in the nursing profession, thus addressing a potential reason for consistent turnover.

护理行业的人员流动率很高,尤其是新护士。这种离职的一个原因可能是,新护士对领导和同事沟通的期望与他们实际收到的信息之间存在差异。本研究采用混合方法实验设计,探讨了年轻成年护生对管理者沟通行为的偏好,不同的管理原型如何影响护生对领导者的认知,以及个人因素如何影响护学生对各种管理风格的偏好。研究结果表明,新护士更喜欢导师和教师型的管理者,管理原型会影响年轻成年护理学生对领导者可信度、有效性、领导者成员交流和员工承诺的看法。此外,自我价值和对关系沟通行为的渴望等个人因素会影响偏好的管理者类型。参与者的定性反应揭示了新护士的一些任务和行为需求。这项研究的结果可以在信息上帮助弥合护理行业的期望和现实之间的差距,从而解决持续离职的潜在原因。
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引用次数: 0
Using the Disclosure Decision-Making Model to Examine Patient Confusion Disclosure. 运用披露决策模型检验患者困惑披露。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2265121
Brianna G Romeo, Jennifer L Bevan

The disclosure decision-making model (DD-MM) has been heavily explored within its initially proposed scope. Fewer known studies have tested the DD-MM's boundaries by assessing the model's application beyond close personal relationships, and none have explored it in a context outside of long-term health conditions. The current study investigates the disclosure decision-making process of patients to their healthcare providers when they experience situational confusion. A primarily quantitative online survey analyzed data from 251 U.S. adults who felt confusion during a recent appointment with their healthcare provider. Findings indicate that, although stigma and perceived disclosure efficacy impacted patient confusion disclosure as anticipated, anticipated response and relational quality (i.e., receiver assessments) did not play a significant role in disclosure. Stigma, anticipated response, and perceived disclosure efficacy were all related to remaining patient confusion as expected. This study contributes to our understanding of the scope of disclosure decision-making model as well as the to-date overlooked nuances of situational patient confusion: what impacts confusion disclosure and its likelihood to remain beyond the appointment's end. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.

披露决策模型(DD-MM)在其最初提出的范围内进行了大量探索。很少有已知的研究通过评估该模型在亲密人际关系之外的应用来测试DD-MM的界限,也没有一项研究是在长期健康状况之外的背景下探索的。当前的研究调查了患者在经历情境困惑时向医疗保健提供者披露决策的过程。一项主要是定量的在线调查分析了251的数据 在最近与医疗服务提供者预约时感到困惑的美国成年人。研究结果表明,尽管污名和感知的披露效果如预期的那样影响了患者的困惑披露,但预期的反应和关系质量(即受试者评估)在披露中没有发挥重要作用。污名、预期反应和感知的披露效果都与预期的患者困惑有关。这项研究有助于我们理解披露决策模型的范围,以及迄今为止被忽视的情境患者困惑的细微差别:是什么影响了困惑披露及其在预约结束后继续存在的可能性。讨论了限制、影响和未来方向。
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引用次数: 0
The Basis of Patient Resistance to Opportunistic Discussions About Weight in Primary Care. 患者对初级保健中关于体重的机会主义讨论的抵抗力的基础。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2266622
Madeleine Tremblett, Helena Webb, Sue Ziebland, Elizabeth Stokoe, Paul Aveyard, Charlotte Albury

Clinicians expect that talking to patients with obesity about potential/future weight loss will be a difficult conversation, especially if it is not the reason that a patient is seeking medical help. Despite this expectation, many governments ask clinicians to take every opportunity to talk to patients about weight to help manage increasing levels of obesity. Although this is recommended, little is known about what happens in consultations when clinicians opportunistically talk to patients about weight, and if the anticipated difficulties are reality. This paper examines displays of explicit patient resistance following opportunistic weight-loss conversations initiated by GPs. We analyzed audio recordings and transcribed them for conversation analysis. We focused on the precursors of explicit resistance displays during opportunistic weight loss discussions, the format of the resistance, and the ways it was managed by GPs. We found relatively few instances of explicit resistance displays. When it did occur, rather than be related to the opportunistic nature of the advice, or the topic of weight itself, resistance was nuanced and associated to the sensitivity of the GPs managing unknown patient levels of awareness of weight loss benefits, or prior efforts to lose weight. Clinicians tended not to challenge this resistance from patients, and we suggest this tactic may be acceptable to patients and help foster the long-term collaborative relationships needed to tackle obesity. Data are in British English.

临床医生预计,与肥胖患者谈论潜在/未来的减肥将是一场艰难的对话,尤其是如果这不是患者寻求医疗帮助的原因。尽管有这种期望,许多政府还是要求临床医生利用一切机会与患者谈论体重,以帮助控制日益严重的肥胖。尽管这是建议的,但当临床医生机会主义地与患者谈论体重时,在咨询中会发生什么,以及预期的困难是否是现实,人们对此知之甚少。本文研究了全科医生发起的机会性减肥对话后患者明显抵抗的表现。我们分析了录音,并将其转录以进行对话分析。我们重点讨论了在机会减肥讨论中表现出明显阻力的前兆、阻力的形式以及全科医生的管理方式。我们发现显式阻力显示的例子相对较少。当它确实发生时,与建议的机会主义性质或体重本身无关,阻力是微妙的,并与全科医生管理未知患者对减肥益处的认识水平或先前减肥努力的敏感性有关。临床医生往往不会挑战患者的这种抵抗力,我们认为这种策略可能为患者所接受,并有助于培养解决肥胖问题所需的长期合作关系。数据采用英国英语。
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引用次数: 0
A Content Analysis of Social Media influencers' "What I Eat in a day" Vlogs on YouTube. 社交媒体影响者在YouTube上发布的“我一天吃什么”视频日志的内容分析。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2260966
Emily J Pfender, Claire Wanzer, Amy Bleakley

Food diaries on social media, known as "what I eat in a day" (WIEIAD) content, are increasingly popular across a variety of platforms, and can potentially affect audiences' attitudes and behaviors regarding diet. WIEIAD content is frequently posted by social media influencers (SMI), who have powerful and persuasive effects on their audiences. Using expectancy-value and social norms as theoretical frameworks, this study examines characteristics of SMIs and the way they talk about diet. A mixed-methods content analysis of YouTube vlogs (n = 83) posted from October 2015 to October 2016, and October 2021 to October 2022 was conducted on SMIs who post WIEIAD vlogs. Results suggested that influencers may want to embrace body positivity, but their WIEIAD day content contains weight normative messaging. Furthermore, influencers send messages about what health should look like and assign social identities to specific diets. Aside from sponsorship, influencers use other persuasive strategies to grow large followers, such as listing positive expectancies of their diets. Future research should examine the effects of WIEIAD content on diet-related attitudes and behaviors.

社交媒体上的美食日记,被称为“我一天吃什么”(WIEIAD)内容,在各种平台上越来越受欢迎,可能会影响观众对饮食的态度和行为。WIEIAD内容经常由社交媒体影响者(SMI)发布,他们对受众产生了强大而有说服力的影响。本研究以期望值和社会规范为理论框架,考察了SMI的特征及其谈论饮食的方式。YouTube视频博客的混合方法内容分析(n = 83)在发布WIEIAD视频日志的SMI上进行。研究结果表明,有影响力的人可能希望接受身体积极性,但他们的WIEIAD日内容包含体重规范信息。此外,有影响力的人会发送关于健康应该是什么样子的信息,并为特定的饮食分配社会身份。除了赞助,有影响力的人还使用其他有说服力的策略来培养大批追随者,比如列出他们对饮食的积极预期。未来的研究应该考察WIEIAD含量对饮食相关态度和行为的影响。
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引用次数: 0
An Autoethnographic Exploration of My Breast Cancer Journey: Egg Freezing, Childfreeness, and "Going Flat". 我的乳腺癌症之旅的民族志探索:卵子冷冻、无子女和“平复”。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2267278
Yolinliztli Pérez-Hernández

In this essay, I discuss my personal experience with breast cancer, exploring three intertwined choices: declining medical egg freezing, choosing not to bear children, and opting out of breast reconstruction after a double mastectomy. Through autoethnography, I narrate how being an immigrant Latina cisgender lesbian in Europe influenced my decision-making processes. Challenging common assumptions about the invariably negative emotional impact on survivors of bilateral mastectomy and infertility, I emphasize the importance for me of minimizing additional pain by eliminating "unnecessary" medical interventions. Likewise, I address concerns about body changes, bodily integrity, and the impact of a positive genetic mutation on my family. My aim is to shed light on knowledge production gaps by sharing my journey from a minority perspective.

在这篇文章中,我讨论了我患癌症的个人经历,探讨了三个相互交织的选择:拒绝医学冷冻卵子,选择不生育,以及在双乳切除术后选择不进行乳房重建。通过民族志,我讲述了在欧洲作为一名移民拉丁裔顺性别女同性恋如何影响我的决策过程。我挑战了关于双侧乳房切除术和不孕不育幸存者不可避免的负面情绪影响的常见假设,强调了通过消除“不必要”的医疗干预来最大限度地减少额外疼痛的重要性。同样,我也谈到了对身体变化、身体完整性以及正基因突变对我的家庭的影响的担忧。我的目标是通过从少数人的角度分享我的旅程来揭示知识生产差距。
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引用次数: 0
How Online Patient-Provider Communication Alleviates Psychological Distress Among Patients with Chronic Diseases: The Role of Perceived Patient-Centered Communication and Adaptive Coping Strategies. 患者与医护人员的在线交流如何缓解慢性病患者的心理压力?感知到的以患者为中心的沟通和适应性应对策略的作用》。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2411471
Bingqing Ling, Yu Zheng

Chronic diseases, which require long-term continuous care due to the long clinical courses, may cause severe harm to the psychological well-being of a large population in the U.S. Providing convenient and affordable access to healthcare, online patient-provider communication (OPPC) is considered a potentially effective means in safeguarding psychological well-being among patients with chronic diseases. However, what underlying mechanism OPPC helps patients deal with psychological issues is largely unknown in the context of chronic diseases. Thus, drawing on the health communication pathway model, this study seeks to address the gap by investigating the psychological and behavioral mechanism of how OPPC alleviates psychological distress among patients with chronic diseases. Analyzing secondary data derived from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, Cycle 3, N = 879), this study reveals that OPPC can elicit perceptions of patient-centered communication (PCC) and facilitate patients to take adaptive coping strategies, including problem-oriented and emotion-oriented coping, thus alleviating psychological distress among patients with chronic diseases. However, only emotion-oriented coping in this process significantly reduces psychological distress. On this basis, this study advances the understanding of the therapeutic effect of OPPC among patients with chronic diseases and extends the health communication pathway model by examining the role of patient-provider communication in facilitating adaptive coping strategies.

在美国,慢性病因其漫长的临床病程而需要长期持续的护理,这可能会对大量人群的心理健康造成严重伤害。在线患者与医疗服务提供者交流(OPPC)为慢性病患者提供了便捷、实惠的医疗服务,被认为是保障慢性病患者心理健康的潜在有效手段。然而,在慢性病的背景下,OPPC 帮助患者处理心理问题的内在机制是什么,目前还不得而知。因此,本研究借鉴健康传播路径模型,试图通过研究 OPPC 如何缓解慢性病患者心理困扰的心理和行为机制来填补这一空白。通过分析全国健康信息趋势调查(HINTS 5, Cycle 3, N = 879)的二手数据,本研究揭示了OPPC能够引起患者对以患者为中心的沟通(PCC)的感知,并促进患者采取适应性应对策略,包括问题导向型应对和情绪导向型应对,从而缓解慢性病患者的心理困扰。然而,在这一过程中,只有情绪导向的应对策略能显著减轻心理困扰。在此基础上,本研究通过研究医患沟通在促进适应性应对策略中的作用,进一步了解了OPPC对慢性病患者的治疗效果,并扩展了健康沟通路径模型。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Stigma Communication About Urinary Tract Infections in the United States. 探索美国有关尿路感染的污名化交流。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2407209
Rachael Hernandez, Rebecca J Meisenbach

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) have steadily increased in prevalence and severity among women in the United States and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Yet, women are often reluctant to discuss such infections due to potential stigmatization. Indeed, UTI treatment and prevention often involves communication with intimate partners and physicians, and this communication can require stigma management. Further, stigma communication can influence women's experiences with UTI symptoms and treatment. The theory of stigma management communication is well-suited to explore how stigma-related communication unfolds about the experience, diagnosis, and treatment of UTIs. The current study uses in-depth interviews conducted in 2022 to learn about experiences with stigma communication surrounding UTIs. Findings reveal that participants perceived UTIs as stigmatized due to associations between UTIs and female gender, sexual behavior, genital health, and hygiene. Participants described using stigma management strategies to accept, ignore, avoid, reduce responsibility for, and challenge stigmas related to UTIs. This analysis has implications for theorizing choice in stigma management research and for provider-patient interactions surrounding UTIs.

尿路感染(UTI)在美国女性中的发病率和严重程度都在稳步上升,如果不及时治疗,可能会导致严重的并发症。然而,由于潜在的耻辱感,女性往往不愿讨论此类感染。事实上,UTI 的治疗和预防往往涉及到与亲密伴侣和医生的沟通,而这种沟通可能需要污名化管理。此外,污名化沟通会影响妇女对尿毒症症状和治疗的体验。污名化管理沟通理论非常适合于探讨与尿毒症的经历、诊断和治疗有关的污名化沟通是如何展开的。本研究利用 2022 年进行的深度访谈来了解围绕尿毒症的污名化沟通经验。研究结果显示,由于尿毒症与女性性别、性行为、生殖器健康和卫生之间的联系,参与者认为尿毒症是一种耻辱。参与者描述了他们使用污名管理策略来接受、忽视、避免、减少责任以及挑战与尿毒症有关的污名。这项分析对污名化管理研究中的选择理论以及围绕尿道炎的医疗服务提供者与患者之间的互动具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Are Patient-Centered Care, Healthcare Consumerism, and Trust in Physicians Compatible?: Positioning Analysis of the Patient-Provider Relationship. 以患者为中心的护理、医疗保健消费主义和对医生的信任是否相容?患者与医疗服务提供者关系的定位分析》。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2408065
Sung-Yeon Park, Daniel M Cook, Gi Woong Yun, Max J Coppes

Patient-centered care and healthcare consumerism are dominant models of the patient-provider relationship. Positioning theory was applied to examine consumers' and physicians' positions on patient-centered care and healthcare consumerism, along with their attitudes toward direct-to-consumer healthcare service advertising and trust in the medical profession. Surveys were conducted with a convenience sample of consumers and physicians respectively. Patient-centered care was the only theoretical construct that both consumers and physicians unequivocally embraced. Both groups were either ambivalent or skeptical of the other three concepts. Between the two groups, physicians exhibited a stronger endorsement of patient-centered care and more negative attitudes toward advertising than consumers. When the relationships among the theoretical constructs were examined, a negative correlation between patient-centered care and consumerism was found among consumers. Also, patient-centered care and trust were negatively correlated in both groups. Implications of these findings are discussed for strategic communication, consumer and physician education, and future research.

以患者为中心的护理和医疗保健消费主义是患者与医疗服务提供者关系的主流模式。我们运用定位理论研究了消费者和医生对以患者为中心的护理和医疗保健消费主义的立场,以及他们对直接面向消费者的医疗保健服务广告的态度和对医疗行业的信任。我们分别对消费者和医生进行了方便抽样调查。以患者为中心的医疗服务是唯一一个消费者和医生都明确接受的理论概念。两组人对其他三个概念都持矛盾或怀疑态度。与消费者相比,医生对 "以病人为中心 "的认可度更高,对广告的态度更消极。在对各理论概念之间的关系进行研究时,发现在消费者中,"以病人为中心的护理 "与 "消费主义 "之间存在负相关。此外,以患者为中心的医疗服务和信任在两个群体中都呈负相关。本文讨论了这些发现对战略沟通、消费者和医生教育以及未来研究的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Health Communication
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