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Gut microbiota metabolic reprogramming drives the development of metabolic diseases in the host 肠道菌群代谢重编程驱动宿主代谢疾病的发展
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-14 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2644681
Yanrong Wang, Beibei Huang, Xue Wei, Yuanyuan Guan, Lingru Li, Yanfei Zheng, Wenlong Sun
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引用次数: 0
Overconsumption of fructose aggravates acute GVHD by inducing gut dysbiosis and promoting macrophage-mediated inflammatory response. 过量摄入果糖会通过诱导肠道生态失调和促进巨噬细胞介导的炎症反应加重急性GVHD。
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2642459
Kunpeng Wu,Huihui Yu,Kankan Cao,Bo Dai,Yan Yuan,Xiaohan Qian,Haoshu Zhong,Ying Qu,Hua Jiang,Tong Chen
Increased fructose intake is a triggering factor in a series of inflammatory diseases. However, the pathogenic role of fructose overconsumption in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) has not yet been clarified. In this study, we found that a high-fructose diet (HFR) aggravated the severity and mortality of aGVHD in mice and enhanced gut dysbiosis and bacterial translocation with impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments further demonstrated that the microbiota derived from HFR-fed aGVHD mice was sufficient to reproduce intestinal barrier disruption and bacterial translocation in aGVHD recipients. HFR exacerbated the severity of aGVHD after depletion of the gut microbiota by antibiotics. Given the results that in vitro cultivated T-cells do not respond to fructose stimulation, we further investigated whether fructose overexposure affects macrophage activation. In fructose-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), HIF-1α was stabilized by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, resulting in increased glycolysis and subsequently augmented expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Interestingly, we found that macrophages derived from HFR-fed aGVHD mice were able to enhance T-cell proliferation and Th1/Th17 differentiation. In parallel, correlation analysis integrating 16S rRNA and metabolomics sequencing data revealed that the abundances of Akkermansiaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were positively correlated with the levels of indole-5,6-quinone and 6,7-dimethyl-8-(D-ribityl)lumazine. After depletion of macrophages and the gut microbiota in host mice, GVHD severity was significantly reversed even after HFR treatment. Taken together, our data reveal that high fructose intake exacerbated aGVHD by inducing a gut microbiota imbalance and promoting inflammatory macrophage activation. This provides a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate aGVHD via precise adjustment of the fructose dietary.
果糖摄入增加是一系列炎症性疾病的触发因素。然而,果糖过量摄入在急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)中的致病作用尚未明确。在本研究中,我们发现高果糖饮食(HFR)加重了小鼠aGVHD的严重程度和死亡率,并增强了肠道生态失调和细菌易位,并损害了肠上皮屏障。粪便微生物群移植实验进一步证明,来自hfr喂养的aGVHD小鼠的微生物群足以在aGVHD受体中重现肠道屏障破坏和细菌易位。抗生素消耗肠道菌群后,HFR加重了aGVHD的严重程度。鉴于体外培养的t细胞对果糖刺激没有反应的结果,我们进一步研究了果糖过度暴露是否会影响巨噬细胞的激活。在果糖处理的骨髓源性巨噬细胞(bmdm)中,HIF-1α通过线粒体活性氧的产生得到稳定,导致糖酵解增加,随后炎症细胞因子IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α和IL-1β的表达增加。有趣的是,我们发现来自hfr喂养的aGVHD小鼠的巨噬细胞能够增强t细胞增殖和Th1/Th17分化。同时,结合16S rRNA和代谢组学测序数据进行相关分析,发现Akkermansiaceae和erysipelotricaceae的丰度与吲哚-5,6-醌和6,7-二甲基-8-(D-ribityl)lumazine的水平呈正相关。在消耗宿主小鼠的巨噬细胞和肠道微生物群后,即使在HFR治疗后,GVHD的严重程度也显著逆转。综上所述,我们的数据表明,高果糖摄入通过诱导肠道微生物群失衡和促进炎症性巨噬细胞激活来加剧aGVHD。这为通过精确调整果糖饮食来缓解aGVHD提供了一种潜在的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Bacteroides-associated NAD⁺ depletion correlates with exacerbated radiation-induced colorectal injury and impaired mucosal proliferative capacity. 拟杆菌相关的NAD +耗尽与辐射诱导的结直肠损伤加剧和粘膜增殖能力受损相关。
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2641260
Jiayuan Huang,Qiyuan Qin,Xiangyu Li,Keming Jiang,Jun Xu,Yudan Mao,Wanying Kang,Rongsui Gao,Yikan Cheng,Wenjing Zhao,Jia Ke,Xiangyu Mou
Radiation proctitis (RP) is a frequent complication of pelvic radiotherapy that compromises treatment delivery and patient quality of life, yet the factors shaping injury severity remain incompletely defined. We prospectively profiled pretreatment fecal microbiomes and metabolomes from 55 patients and stratified them by outcome into mild versus severe RP. Baseline microbial composition showed Bacteroidales enriched in severe RP and Firmicutes enriched in mild cases. Multi-omics integration highlighted nicotinate/nicotinamide pathways; severe RP was characterized by concomitant reductions in both fecal and tissue NAD⁺ levels, along with an enrichment of microbial nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism genes, primarily contributed by Bacteroides ovatus, B. xylanisolvens, and B. fragilis. In mice, fecal microbiota transplantation from severe-RP donors exacerbated radiation-induced colorectal injury and decreased colorectal NAD⁺, supporting a causal role for the microbiota. Gavage with Bacteroides similarly worsened pathology and lowered NAD⁺, whereas nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation attenuated the injury. Mechanistically, Bacteroides gavage reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased the Lgr5⁺ stem-cell proportion and proliferative indices, associated with Wnt pathway modulation. NMN reversed these effects in parallel with NAD⁺ restoration. Together, these results identify a microbiota‒metabolite association wherein Bacteroidales enrichment is associated with NAD⁺ depletion, reduced mucosal proliferative capacity, and exacerbated radiation-induced colorectal injury. The work deepens insight into RP pathogenesis and suggests a potential basis for microbiome- and metabolite-targeted approaches to attenuate severe RP.
放射性直肠炎(RP)是骨盆放射治疗的常见并发症,影响治疗效果和患者的生活质量,但影响损伤严重程度的因素仍不完全确定。我们前瞻性地分析了55名患者的预处理粪便微生物组和代谢组,并根据结果将其分为轻度和重度RP。基线微生物组成显示,重度RP中富含拟杆菌门,轻度RP中富含厚壁菌门。多组学整合强调烟酸/烟酰胺途径;严重RP的特征是粪便和组织中NAD +水平的降低,以及微生物烟酸盐/烟酰胺代谢基因的富集,主要是由卵形拟杆菌(Bacteroides ovatus)、B. xylanisolvens和B. fragilis贡献的。在小鼠中,来自重度rp供体的粪便微生物群移植加重了辐射诱导的结直肠损伤,并减少了结直肠NAD⁺,支持微生物群的因果作用。拟杆菌灌胃同样加重了病理,降低了NAD⁺的含量,而补充烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)则减轻了损伤。在机制上,拟杆菌灌胃降低了线粒体膜电位,降低了Lgr5 +干细胞比例和增殖指数,与Wnt通路调节有关。NMN在NAD⁺恢复的同时逆转了这些影响。总之,这些结果确定了一种微生物群代谢物关联,其中拟杆菌群的富集与NAD⁺耗尽、粘膜增殖能力降低和辐射诱导的结直肠损伤加剧有关。这项工作加深了对RP发病机制的了解,并为微生物组和代谢物靶向方法减轻严重RP提供了潜在的基础。
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引用次数: 0
PD-1 blockade promotes mucosal CD4+ T cell IL-10 production through altering microbiota to reduce intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury. PD-1阻断通过改变肠道微生物群促进粘膜CD4+ T细胞IL-10的产生,减轻肠道缺血再灌注损伤。
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2638008
Shi-Hong Wen,Yi-Nan Zhang,Jian-Tong Shen,Yi Guo,Ze-Nan Chang,Hu-Fei Zhang,Zi-Meng Liu,Xu-Yu Zhang
PD-1 blockade therapy is widely used in clinical practice. Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a serious clinical complication that leads to remote organ damage through disruption of the gut barrier. However, the effects of PD-1 blockade on gut homeostasis and intestinal IR injury remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to PD-1 deficiency, PD-1 blockade activates intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in mice via a MyD88-dependent pathway. The increased production and bacteria-binding capacity of IgA induced by PD-1 blockade significantly reshape the gut microbial composition and metabolite profile. Furthermore, PD-1 blockade promotes intestinal mucosal CD4+ T cell IL-10 production. Notably, microbiota depletion by antibiotics attenuates intestinal IL-10 production, whereas transplantation of PD-1 blockade-altered microbiota facilitates IL-10 upregulation. These IL-10 enhancements appears to be driven by an increase in Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, a recognized butyrate-producing bacterium, and elevated levels of microbiota-derived butyrate, which were increased after PD-1 blockade and significantly correlated with enhanced IL-10 production in the intestinal mucosa. The upregulation of intestinal IL-10 following PD-1 blockade suppresses inflammatory activation, thereby ameliorating the gut barrier impairment and remote organ injury induced by intestinal IR. In addition, we show that, in vivo and in vitro, butyrate supplementation enhances IL-10 expression in CD4+ T cells through PI3Kγ/phospho-mTOR signaling. Collectively, these findings indicate that PD-1 blockade promotes intestinal mucosal CD4+ T cell IL-10 production by modulating immune‒microbiota interactions and subsequently mitigates intestinal IR-induced gut barrier dysfunction and organ damage.
PD-1阻断治疗广泛应用于临床。肠缺血再灌注(IR)损伤是一种严重的临床并发症,通过破坏肠道屏障导致远端器官损伤。然而,PD-1阻断对肠道稳态和肠道IR损伤的影响尚不清楚。在这里,我们证明,与PD-1缺乏相反,PD-1阻断通过myd88依赖性途径激活小鼠肠道免疫球蛋白A (IgA)反应。PD-1阻断诱导的IgA产量和细菌结合能力的增加显著重塑了肠道微生物组成和代谢物谱。此外,PD-1阻断促进肠黏膜CD4+ T细胞IL-10的产生。值得注意的是,抗生素消耗微生物群会减弱肠道IL-10的产生,而PD-1阻断改变的微生物群移植则会促进IL-10的上调。这些IL-10的增强似乎是由Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group(一种公认的丁酸产生细菌)的增加和微生物源丁酸水平的升高驱动的,在PD-1阻断后,微生物源丁酸水平升高,并与肠粘膜IL-10产生的增强显著相关。PD-1阻断后肠道IL-10的上调可抑制炎症激活,从而改善肠道IR引起的肠道屏障损伤和远端器官损伤。此外,我们发现,在体内和体外,补充丁酸盐通过PI3Kγ/phospho-mTOR信号传导增强CD4+ T细胞中IL-10的表达。总之,这些发现表明,PD-1阻断通过调节免疫-微生物群相互作用促进肠黏膜CD4+ T细胞IL-10的产生,并随后减轻肠道ir诱导的肠道屏障功能障碍和器官损伤。
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引用次数: 0
A 4-guanidinobutanoic acid-SLC36A1 axis drives a microbiota‒host feedback loop to regulate intestinal homeostasis. 4-胍丁酸- slc36a1轴驱动微生物-宿主反馈回路调节肠道内稳态。
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2639216
Jianming Yang,Yawen Xiao,Jifang Cui,Ruofan Song,Wanxia Ma,Jiangpeng Liu,Chunhui Miao,Xinyu Sun,Xueting Kong,Zhi-Song Zhang,Lu Zhou,Zhi Yao,Quan Wang
The role of gut microbiota‒derived metabolites in regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier remains poorly defined. Here, we identified 4-guanidinobutanoic acid (4-GBA), produced by Bacteroides stercorirosoris, as a critical regulator of intestinal homeostasis. Using untargeted metabolomics, organoid co-cultures, mouse models, and single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that 4-GBA enhances intestinal stem cells (ISCs) function and goblet cell differentiation. This promotes Akkermansia muciniphila enrichment through mucus-dependent niche expansion, establishing a microbiota‒host feedback loop. Mechanistically, 4-GBA upregulates the proton-coupled amino acid transporter SLC36A1 and activates the Hedgehog signaling pathway to drive epithelial reprogramming. Clinically, SLC36A1 expression inversely correlates with ulcerative colitis (UC) severity in human samples. Furthermore, the SLC36A1 agonist sarcosine enhances barrier homeostasis and attenuates colitis in mice, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of this axis in UC. Our findings reveal a novel microbiome-host axis through which a microbial metabolite modulates epithelial function and microbial ecology, offering a potential therapeutic strategy targeting microbiota-epithelial crosstalk for UC management.
肠道微生物衍生代谢物在调节肠粘膜屏障中的作用仍然不明确。在这里,我们确定了4-胍丁酸(4-GBA),由stercorirosoris拟杆菌产生,作为肠道内稳态的关键调节剂。通过非靶向代谢组学、类器官共培养、小鼠模型和单细胞RNA测序,我们证明了4-GBA增强肠干细胞(ISCs)功能和杯状细胞分化。这通过黏液依赖的生态位扩张促进嗜粘阿克曼氏菌的富集,建立微生物-宿主反馈回路。在机制上,4-GBA上调质子偶联氨基酸转运体SLC36A1,激活Hedgehog信号通路,驱动上皮重编程。在临床上,SLC36A1的表达与人类溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的严重程度呈负相关。此外,SLC36A1激动剂sarcos增强屏障稳态并减轻小鼠结肠炎,突出了该轴在UC中的诊断和治疗潜力。我们的研究结果揭示了一种新的微生物-宿主轴,微生物代谢物通过该轴调节上皮功能和微生物生态,为UC管理提供了一种针对微生物-上皮串扰的潜在治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond bacilli: integrating the microbiome into the TB research agenda. 超越杆菌:将微生物组纳入结核病研究议程。
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2638004
Edson Mambuque,Ana Del Amo-de Palacios,Samuel G Huete,Charissa C Marsh,Grant Theron,Alberto L García-Basteiro,Sergio Serrano-Villar
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious killer, with growing evidence that the human microbiome-particularly in the gut and lungs-shapes susceptibility, progression, and treatment outcomes. Over the past decade, studies have reported that TB-associated dysbiosis, which is more common in the gut than in the lung, is often marked by the loss of short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa and the expansion of opportunistic microbes. However, findings are frequently confounded by diet, antibiotic exposure, comorbidities, geography, and methodological variability. Most research has relied on compositional profiling, offering limited insight into functional mechanisms. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence, emphasizing the need to integrate multiomics approaches-metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics-and experimental validation to uncover causal links between microbiome alterations and TB pathogenesis or therapy response. We discuss potential clinical applications, including microbiome-based diagnostics (such as stool-based microbial or metabolite signatures for TB risk stratification), prognostic indicators (such as gut microbiome recovery predicting immune normalization during therapy), and adjunctive interventions (including microbiome-derived products to reduce drug-induced liver injury or fecal microbiota transplantation, which has been shown to be safe in people with HIV on stable ART) to mitigate drug toxicity or enhance immune recovery. Key priorities include methodological standardization, confounder control, mechanistic studies, and the inclusion of high-burden settings. By moving beyond descriptive surveys toward functional, translational research, integrating insights from different microbiome methods into TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment could redefine the clinical research agenda and open new avenues for precision medicine in this global disease.
结核病(TB)仍然是主要的传染性杀手,越来越多的证据表明,人类微生物群——尤其是肠道和肺部的微生物群——决定着结核病的易感性、进展和治疗结果。在过去的十年中,研究报道了结核病相关的生态失调,这种失调在肠道中比在肺部更常见,通常以短链脂肪酸产生分类群的丧失和机会微生物的扩张为特征。然而,研究结果经常因饮食、抗生素暴露、合并症、地理和方法差异而混淆。大多数研究都依赖于成分分析,对功能机制的了解有限。这篇叙述性综述综合了最近的证据,强调需要整合多组学方法——宏基因组学、元转录组学和代谢组学——并进行实验验证,以揭示微生物组改变与结核病发病机制或治疗反应之间的因果关系。我们讨论了潜在的临床应用,包括基于微生物组的诊断(如基于粪便的结核病风险分层的微生物或代谢物特征),预后指标(如肠道微生物组恢复预测治疗期间的免疫正常化)和辅助干预(包括微生物组衍生产品以减少药物性肝损伤或粪便微生物群移植)。它已被证明对接受稳定抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染者是安全的),以减轻药物毒性或增强免疫恢复。重点包括方法标准化、混杂因素控制、机制研究和纳入高负担环境。通过从描述性调查转向功能性转化研究,将来自不同微生物组方法的见解整合到结核病预防、诊断和治疗中,可以重新定义临床研究议程,并为这一全球疾病的精准医学开辟新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Bridging the gap: Prevotella/Segatella's impact on gut barrier function and advanced cultivation strategies to realize the uses in gut health. 弥合差距:普雷沃特菌/塞盖特菌对肠道屏障功能的影响和先进的培养策略,以实现在肠道健康中的应用。
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2638001
Shuang Wang,Tao Zhou,Xiuqi Wang,Jiangchao Zhao,Xiaofan Wang
Prevotella and Segatella are important, keystone genera in the gut microbiota, renowned for their exceptional fiber-degrading capacity. These genera critically modulate gut microbial composition, influence host metabolic pathways and gut barrier function, and exhibit formidable ecological niche competitiveness, underscoring their pivotal role in gut ecosystem dynamics. While they dominate healthy gut microbiomes, their probiotic potential on epithelial barrier function has been disproportionately overlooked. This review comprehensively elucidates their microbial eco-profiling and the underlying molecular mechanisms in sustaining intestinal barrier function, considering physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological dimensions, thereby providing insights relevant to the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and metabolic disorders. Most importantly, we have summarized 23 current commercial and research-based isolation and cultivation approaches for Prevotella/Segatella, integrating the emerging high-throughput methodologies to expand the available strain repertoire. We also emphasize the critical need for subsequent research to characterize strain-specific functional profiles through multi-omics approaches, which will be essential for developing targeted and personalized microbial therapeutics.
普雷沃氏菌和segella是肠道微生物群中重要的关键属,以其特殊的纤维降解能力而闻名。这些属可调节肠道微生物组成,影响宿主代谢途径和肠道屏障功能,并表现出强大的生态位竞争力,强调了它们在肠道生态系统动力学中的关键作用。虽然它们在健康的肠道微生物群中占主导地位,但它们对上皮屏障功能的益生菌潜力却被不成比例地忽视了。本文从物理、化学、生物学和微生物学的角度全面阐述了它们的微生物生态特征和维持肠道屏障功能的潜在分子机制,从而为炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征和代谢紊乱等肠道疾病的预防和治疗提供了相关的见解。最重要的是,我们总结了23种目前商业化和基于研究的普雷沃氏菌/ segella的分离和培养方法,整合了新兴的高通量方法,以扩大可用的菌株库。我们还强调,通过多组学方法表征菌株特异性功能谱的后续研究至关重要,这对于开发靶向和个性化的微生物治疗方法至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The role of gut microbes in production of aromatic carboxaldehydes 肠道微生物在芳香羧醛生产中的作用
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2632979
Manish Kumar, Rachel Son, Sarah M. Preston, Robert W. P. Glowacki, Kelley M. Carr, Jiyeon Kim, Jin Z. Ma, Philip P. Ahern, Jan Claesen, Naseer Sangwan, Florian Rieder, Ina Nemet
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引用次数: 0
Aging-caused the changes of the gut microbiota drive intestinal barrier dysfunction and increase sepsis susceptibility 衰老引起的肠道菌群变化导致肠道屏障功能障碍,增加脓毒症易感性
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2630475
Huoyan Liang, Xianfei Ding, Shaohua Liu, Shuai Tong, Xu Wang, Zihao Zhang, Wei Wang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Yangyang Yuan, Yong Jiang, Tongwen Sun
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引用次数: 0
Alcohol consumption in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): understanding the gut–liver crosstalk for clinical translation 酒精消耗与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病(MASLD):了解肠-肝串扰的临床翻译
IF 12.2 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2026.2631834
Raquel Benedé-Ubieto, Olga Estévez-Vázquez, Rana Acar, Hector Leal-Lassalle, Alejandro H. Gutierrez, Ana Redondo-Urzainqui, Salvador Iborra, Vera E. Odintsova, Alexander Tyakht, José María Herranz, Zehra Firat, Merve Basol, Busra Korkmaz, Carlos Sanz-García, Oriol Juanola, Esther Caparrós, Rubén Francés, Andreea Ciudin, Juan M. Pericàs, Beatriz Gómez-Santos, Patricia Aspichueta, Nicole Treichel, Thomas Clavel, Johanna Reißing, Tony Bruns, Matthias Bartneck, Marina S. Mazariegos, Justina Clarinda Wolters, Gonzalo Jorquera, Christian Liedtke, Javier Vaquero, Rafael Bañares, Gulcin Cakan-Akdogan, Matías A. Ávila, Ozlen Konu, Francisco Javier Cubero, Yulia A. Nevzorova
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引用次数: 0
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