Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.995-1007
I. Kurniawan, Cahyo Rahmadi, Rahmat Taufiq, Mustahiq Akbar, O. Calva, Fezaa Ashelia, Zakia Ameliee, Ahmad Ependi
Arthropods are the most dominant fauna in cave realms. Ecological studies of cave-dwelling arthropods are essential for cave ecosystem conservation. This study was conducted to determine the ecological aspects of macroarthropods in Cikarae Cave, West Java, focusing on their diversity, distribution, and community structure. The cave passage was divided into three zones based on environmental disparities. Data collection was carried out through direct search and counting methods. Data were analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and several ecological indices (diversity, evenness, and dominance). Nineteen macroarthropod morphospecies were recorded and distributed among 5 classes, 11 orders, and 18 families. Most of these morphospecies were troglophiles. A new troglobitic species (Isopoda: Philosciidae) with a high degree of troglomorphy and exclusive microhabitat was registered. Most morphospecies were collected in Zone 1 (17), followed by Zone 3 (9) and Zone 2 (8). Collected macroarthropods preferred cave walls over floors and ceilings. Overall, Cikarae showed a low diversity index (0.782) and evenness (0.265), while dominance was relatively high (0.692). Trachyjulus tjampeanus, Rhaphidophora sp., and Theridiosomatidae sp. were the most dominant taxa.
{"title":"Macroarthropod Diversity, Distribution, and Community Structure in Cikarae Cave of the Klapanunggal Karst, West Java","authors":"I. Kurniawan, Cahyo Rahmadi, Rahmat Taufiq, Mustahiq Akbar, O. Calva, Fezaa Ashelia, Zakia Ameliee, Ahmad Ependi","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.995-1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.995-1007","url":null,"abstract":"Arthropods are the most dominant fauna in cave realms. Ecological studies of cave-dwelling arthropods are essential for cave ecosystem conservation. This study was conducted to determine the ecological aspects of macroarthropods in Cikarae Cave, West Java, focusing on their diversity, distribution, and community structure. The cave passage was divided into three zones based on environmental disparities. Data collection was carried out through direct search and counting methods. Data were analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and several ecological indices (diversity, evenness, and dominance). Nineteen macroarthropod morphospecies were recorded and distributed among 5 classes, 11 orders, and 18 families. Most of these morphospecies were troglophiles. A new troglobitic species (Isopoda: Philosciidae) with a high degree of troglomorphy and exclusive microhabitat was registered. Most morphospecies were collected in Zone 1 (17), followed by Zone 3 (9) and Zone 2 (8). Collected macroarthropods preferred cave walls over floors and ceilings. Overall, Cikarae showed a low diversity index (0.782) and evenness (0.265), while dominance was relatively high (0.692). Trachyjulus tjampeanus, Rhaphidophora sp., and Theridiosomatidae sp. were the most dominant taxa.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43803422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.985-994
Irmanida Batubara, Shadila F Asoka, E. Sumarni, H. Suhardiyanto, M. Solahudin, S. Widodo, Supriyanto, E. Rohaeti, Yudiwanti, F. Laumal, Erniati
Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan) is an Indonesian native plant but difficult to cultivate. Hydroponics can be used as a solution for purwoceng cultivation. Hydroponic types and nutrient concentrations can affect purwoceng’s productivity. This study aimed to determine total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), changes in steroid, and antioxidant capacity due to two hydroponic types (nonrecirculating and recirculating drip) and three nutrient concentrations (1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm). Purwoceng was determined for its moisture content, ash content, and dry weight, and extracted with ethyl acetate for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and with ethanol for TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity. The data were analyzed statistically and grouped using principal component analysis (PCA) and heat map analysis (HMA). Nonrecirculating drip with high nutrient concentration at the aerial part was the best treatment to produce high TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity. There were no significant changes in steroid content. PCA showed that purwoceng extracts could be grouped in to two groups, i.e. aerial and root groups. HMA showed that purwoceng extracts could be distinguished from the abundance of palmitic acid and stigmasterol. The antioxidant capacity of purwoceng was directly proportional to the TPC value and also related to the presence of phytol, stigmasterol, and palmitic acid.
{"title":"The Effect of Different Hydroponic Types and Nutrient Concentrations on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan) Extract","authors":"Irmanida Batubara, Shadila F Asoka, E. Sumarni, H. Suhardiyanto, M. Solahudin, S. Widodo, Supriyanto, E. Rohaeti, Yudiwanti, F. Laumal, Erniati","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.985-994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.985-994","url":null,"abstract":"Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan) is an Indonesian native plant but difficult to cultivate. Hydroponics can be used as a solution for purwoceng cultivation. Hydroponic types and nutrient concentrations can affect purwoceng’s productivity. This study aimed to determine total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), changes in steroid, and antioxidant capacity due to two hydroponic types (nonrecirculating and recirculating drip) and three nutrient concentrations (1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm). Purwoceng was determined for its moisture content, ash content, and dry weight, and extracted with ethyl acetate for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and with ethanol for TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity. The data were analyzed statistically and grouped using principal component analysis (PCA) and heat map analysis (HMA). Nonrecirculating drip with high nutrient concentration at the aerial part was the best treatment to produce high TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity. There were no significant changes in steroid content. PCA showed that purwoceng extracts could be grouped in to two groups, i.e. aerial and root groups. HMA showed that purwoceng extracts could be distinguished from the abundance of palmitic acid and stigmasterol. The antioxidant capacity of purwoceng was directly proportional to the TPC value and also related to the presence of phytol, stigmasterol, and palmitic acid.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42911517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.957-984
E. Chasanah, A. Pratitis, Rini Susilowati, A. Purnomo, H. Januar, A. Uria
The contribution of halophilic microorganisms to the quality of salts produced in solar salterns has recently been recognized but not clearly understood. Using metagenomic 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach, we showed the microbial composition difference between the Tuban crystallization pond (CP-Tuban) that produces low-quality salt and CP-Sampang as a representative solar saltern that yields high-quality salt. Dominant classes in both traditional salterns were represented by γ-proteobacteria and halobacteria that occurred at higher prevalence in CP-Sampang. Microbial taxa, including beneficial genera, in CP-Sampang were more diverse and abundant compared to CP-Tuban. Among 180 genus-level OTUs identified in CP-Sampang, 127 of them were considered unique due to their absence in CP-Tuban. Higher levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrient (phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia) in the seawater reservoir (SR) of Sampang may contribute to more diverse phytoplankton genera, which could support the growth of beneficial heterotrophic microbes that positively affect the salt quality of the CP-Sampang. Low number of Dunaleilla sp. in both CPs do not seem to influence the quality of salts produced. The outcome of these comparative studies provides new insights into the contribution of diverse microbial taxa in correlation with physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton communities to the high quality of salts produced in traditional solar salterns. The presence of beneficial genera in the enriched microbial cultures could provide an important basis for further applications, such as improving the quality of salt produced and producing unique compounds and enzymes.
{"title":"Taxonomic Profiling of Microorganisms Inhabiting Two Solar Salterns that Produce High- and Low-Quality Salts","authors":"E. Chasanah, A. Pratitis, Rini Susilowati, A. Purnomo, H. Januar, A. Uria","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.957-984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.957-984","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of halophilic microorganisms to the quality of salts produced in solar salterns has recently been recognized but not clearly understood. Using metagenomic 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach, we showed the microbial composition difference between the Tuban crystallization pond (CP-Tuban) that produces low-quality salt and CP-Sampang as a representative solar saltern that yields high-quality salt. Dominant classes in both traditional salterns were represented by γ-proteobacteria and halobacteria that occurred at higher prevalence in CP-Sampang. Microbial taxa, including beneficial genera, in CP-Sampang were more diverse and abundant compared to CP-Tuban. Among 180 genus-level OTUs identified in CP-Sampang, 127 of them were considered unique due to their absence in CP-Tuban. Higher levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrient (phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia) in the seawater reservoir (SR) of Sampang may contribute to more diverse phytoplankton genera, which could support the growth of beneficial heterotrophic microbes that positively affect the salt quality of the CP-Sampang. Low number of Dunaleilla sp. in both CPs do not seem to influence the quality of salts produced. The outcome of these comparative studies provides new insights into the contribution of diverse microbial taxa in correlation with physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton communities to the high quality of salts produced in traditional solar salterns. The presence of beneficial genera in the enriched microbial cultures could provide an important basis for further applications, such as improving the quality of salt produced and producing unique compounds and enzymes.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43823085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.946-956
Sri Redjeki, Hesti Mulyaningrum, S. Aslamyah, A. Laining, H. S. Suwoyo
A series of experiments were conducted to optimize P. stutzeri (ISO2) fermentation in reducing the non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) of G. verrucosa as golden rabbitfish feed ingredient. A completely randomized experimental design in triplicates was used to optimize the pH of CMC media and the duration of fermentation. Using a 3 × 3 factorial design with two factors and triplicates, the optimum substrate-inoculum interaction was determined. Nine levels combination of G. verrucosa (G1 = 50 g; G2 = 100 g; G3 = 150 g) and P. stutzeri inoculum (P1 = 5%; P2 = 10%; P3 = 15%) were investigated. Cellulolytic activity (CA) of P. stutzeri was measured using UV-vis spectrophotometer, meanwhile chemical compound and physical characteristics of fermented G. verrucosa were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. Data on fermentation optimization were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. The result indicated pH, duration of fermentation and substrate-inoculum ratio had a significant effect on bacteria growth and CA (P<0.05). P. stutzeri grew well at pH 8, the fermentation process was ideally running in four days with (150 g-10%) G:P level. Hemicellulose was the most biodegradable NSP compared to cellulose and lignin. Fermented G. verrucosa (FG) had FTIR vibrations which indicated the conversion of the cell wall to reducing sugar. The fermentation process resulted in surface structure changes of G. verrucosa based on SEM photos.
{"title":"Fermentation of Gracilaria verrucosa to Reduce Insoluble Non-Starch Polysaccharide (iNSP) Using Cellulolytic Bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri (ISO2) for a Dietary Ingredient of Golden Rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus","authors":"Sri Redjeki, Hesti Mulyaningrum, S. Aslamyah, A. Laining, H. S. Suwoyo","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.946-956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.946-956","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments were conducted to optimize P. stutzeri (ISO2) fermentation in reducing the non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) of G. verrucosa as golden rabbitfish feed ingredient. A completely randomized experimental design in triplicates was used to optimize the pH of CMC media and the duration of fermentation. Using a 3 × 3 factorial design with two factors and triplicates, the optimum substrate-inoculum interaction was determined. Nine levels combination of G. verrucosa (G1 = 50 g; G2 = 100 g; G3 = 150 g) and P. stutzeri inoculum (P1 = 5%; P2 = 10%; P3 = 15%) were investigated. Cellulolytic activity (CA) of P. stutzeri was measured using UV-vis spectrophotometer, meanwhile chemical compound and physical characteristics of fermented G. verrucosa were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. Data on fermentation optimization were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. The result indicated pH, duration of fermentation and substrate-inoculum ratio had a significant effect on bacteria growth and CA (P<0.05). P. stutzeri grew well at pH 8, the fermentation process was ideally running in four days with (150 g-10%) G:P level. Hemicellulose was the most biodegradable NSP compared to cellulose and lignin. Fermented G. verrucosa (FG) had FTIR vibrations which indicated the conversion of the cell wall to reducing sugar. The fermentation process resulted in surface structure changes of G. verrucosa based on SEM photos.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48807516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.895-906
D. Roesma, D. Tjong, Syaifullah, D. Aidil
Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Beardless Barb fish) and Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Hihgfin Barb fish) in West Sumatra is known by the local name Turiak and Catua fish, respectively, are economically important species. Reducing populations and limited biological information about these fishes make their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships crucial. The genetic variation was investigated by analyzing the sequencing of a part of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b (Cyt b) and Cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) genes of 23 individuals collected from West Sumatra populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the monophyletic lineage of the Cyclocheilichthys group and supported Anematichthys as the synonym of Cyclocheilichthys. C. armatus was closely related to C. janthochir and separated from C. apogon with sequences divergence were 12.7-14.0% (Cyt b) and 9.4%-10.0% (COI). C. apogon and C. armatus have low haplotype diversity and genetic diversity, respectively. Genetic diversity within and among populations with sequences divergence was 0.0-0.8% (Cyt b) and 0.0%-0.7% (COI), respectively. The low-level diversity may signify a possibility of gene flow within and among populations. The current data suggests all populations as a single stock unit. Present genetic information is important to establishing effective population management, conservation, and breeding strategies for Turiak and Catua fish.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Cyclocheilichthys apogon and Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Fish: Cyprinidae) from West Sumatra","authors":"D. Roesma, D. Tjong, Syaifullah, D. Aidil","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.895-906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.895-906","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Beardless Barb fish) and Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Hihgfin Barb fish) in West Sumatra is known by the local name Turiak and Catua fish, respectively, are economically important species. Reducing populations and limited biological information about these fishes make their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships crucial. The genetic variation was investigated by analyzing the sequencing of a part of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b (Cyt b) and Cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) genes of 23 individuals collected from West Sumatra populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the monophyletic lineage of the Cyclocheilichthys group and supported Anematichthys as the synonym of Cyclocheilichthys. C. armatus was closely related to C. janthochir and separated from C. apogon with sequences divergence were 12.7-14.0% (Cyt b) and 9.4%-10.0% (COI). C. apogon and C. armatus have low haplotype diversity and genetic diversity, respectively. Genetic diversity within and among populations with sequences divergence was 0.0-0.8% (Cyt b) and 0.0%-0.7% (COI), respectively. The low-level diversity may signify a possibility of gene flow within and among populations. The current data suggests all populations as a single stock unit. Present genetic information is important to establishing effective population management, conservation, and breeding strategies for Turiak and Catua fish.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41533501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.927-936
Khang Le Thanh, T. Yen
This study was conducted with the aim to isolation bacterial strains capable of antagonism to Cercospora arachidicola (Passalora arachidicola) causing brown spot in peanut. From 3 soil samples collected in the rhizosphere of peanut grown in Tay Ninh province, Vietnam, 10 bacterial strains were found having antagonistic action with Cercospora arachidicola. After 5 days of testing, the antagonistic efficiency of all isolates ranged from 33.33±1.28 to 60.183±0.927%. Studying the antagonistic mechanism showed that 5/10 isolates produced siderophore, 5/10 isolates were capable of decomposing chitin, 7/10 isolates capable of decomposing cellulase and 8/10 isolates proteolytic. Basing on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence combined with morphological and biochemical characteristics, TN-TB 4, TN-TB 6 and TN-TB 12 were identified as Bacillus, representing the genera Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pasterurii, and Bacillus velezensis, respectively. These strains of antagonistic bacteria have the potential to produce probiotics.
{"title":"Isolation and Selection of Antagonistic Bacteria against Cercospora arachidicola Causing Brown Spot on Peanut","authors":"Khang Le Thanh, T. Yen","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.927-936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.927-936","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted with the aim to isolation bacterial strains capable of antagonism to Cercospora arachidicola (Passalora arachidicola) causing brown spot in peanut. From 3 soil samples collected in the rhizosphere of peanut grown in Tay Ninh province, Vietnam, 10 bacterial strains were found having antagonistic action with Cercospora arachidicola. After 5 days of testing, the antagonistic efficiency of all isolates ranged from 33.33±1.28 to 60.183±0.927%. Studying the antagonistic mechanism showed that 5/10 isolates produced siderophore, 5/10 isolates were capable of decomposing chitin, 7/10 isolates capable of decomposing cellulase and 8/10 isolates proteolytic. Basing on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence combined with morphological and biochemical characteristics, TN-TB 4, TN-TB 6 and TN-TB 12 were identified as Bacillus, representing the genera Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pasterurii, and Bacillus velezensis, respectively. These strains of antagonistic bacteria have the potential to produce probiotics.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41777078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.918-926
Hanindyo Adi, R. Soesilohadi, A. P. Nugroho, S. Hadisusanto, Sudaryatno, A. Aldawood, S. Sukirno
Asiatic palm weevil Rhynchophorus vulneratus Panzer is one of the key pests of coconut in Indonesia. Information regarding the spatial distribution of R. vulneratus is needed to support Integrated Pest Management and can be analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS). Initial studies on the interaction between R. vulneratus and Oryctes rhinoceros were also studied in this study. This research aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of R. vulneratus using GIS and its interaction with the Coconut beetle Oryctes rhinoceros. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta as a habitat model (0-1,000 masl). R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros were catched by installing aggregation pheromone traps hanging to coconut plants at 1.7 m above ground. The research was conducted during the rainy and dry seasons. The spatial distribution of R. vulneratus was analyzed by IDW interpolation using QGIS 3.22, whereas its interaction with O. rhinoceros was analyzed by the Pearson correlation test using SPSS 22. The results showed low number of R. vulneratus captured in the Yogyakarta area during the rainy season at 0-1,000 masl. However, the number of R. vulneratus during the dry season has increased, and the distribution rate was dominated by medium to very high levels, especially at an altitude of 0-300 masl. The study also showed that the number of R. vulneratus was not influenced by the number of O. rhinoceros, which suggested that the abundance of O. rhinoceros cannot accurately predict the abundance of R. vulneratus.
{"title":"Distribution Analysis of Asiatic Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus vulneratus Panzer (Coleoptera: Dryphthoridae) using GIS Technique and the Interaction with Coconut Beetle Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)","authors":"Hanindyo Adi, R. Soesilohadi, A. P. Nugroho, S. Hadisusanto, Sudaryatno, A. Aldawood, S. Sukirno","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.918-926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.918-926","url":null,"abstract":"Asiatic palm weevil Rhynchophorus vulneratus Panzer is one of the key pests of coconut in Indonesia. Information regarding the spatial distribution of R. vulneratus is needed to support Integrated Pest Management and can be analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS). Initial studies on the interaction between R. vulneratus and Oryctes rhinoceros were also studied in this study. This research aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of R. vulneratus using GIS and its interaction with the Coconut beetle Oryctes rhinoceros. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta as a habitat model (0-1,000 masl). R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros were catched by installing aggregation pheromone traps hanging to coconut plants at 1.7 m above ground. The research was conducted during the rainy and dry seasons. The spatial distribution of R. vulneratus was analyzed by IDW interpolation using QGIS 3.22, whereas its interaction with O. rhinoceros was analyzed by the Pearson correlation test using SPSS 22. The results showed low number of R. vulneratus captured in the Yogyakarta area during the rainy season at 0-1,000 masl. However, the number of R. vulneratus during the dry season has increased, and the distribution rate was dominated by medium to very high levels, especially at an altitude of 0-300 masl. The study also showed that the number of R. vulneratus was not influenced by the number of O. rhinoceros, which suggested that the abundance of O. rhinoceros cannot accurately predict the abundance of R. vulneratus.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45579388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.885-894
Piyawan Puanprapai, Pattavipha Songkumarn, T. Toojinda, C. Jantasuriyarat
Rice blast disease is one of the most devastating diseases of rice production worldwide, which causes by an ascomycete fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The virulence of the rice blast fungus is determined by avirulence genes (Avr genes). Therefore, the identification of Avr genes is important for rice resistance variety improvement. Avr genes are currently identified using the pathogenicity assay with rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) or PCR amplification and gene sequencing, both of which are time-consuming and labor-intensive methods. This study aims to develop a simple method for Avr gene identification using AvrPi9 as a model. A recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique was carried out to amplify AvrPi9 by incubating rice blast fungus genomic DNA with gene-specific primers at 37°C for 20 min. Cas12a-based AvrPi9 detection was performed by incubating at 37°C for 5 min. The fluorescence signal was visualized by the naked eye under an LED transilluminator. The study found that AvrPi9 can be amplified and detected using RPA and a Cas12a-based method. AvrPi9_crRNA2 has a higher efficiency than AvrPi9_crRNA1. The sensitivity of the method was 3.8 ng of DNA target for AvrPi9_crRNA1 and 1.9 ng of DNA target for AvrPi9_crRNA2. This RPA and Cas12a combination technique is a newer method for Avr gene detection in plants and has several advantages over traditional methods. It is considered easier to use and more efficient in terms of time and labor, making it a potentially useful tool for plant breeders and pathologists.
{"title":"Detection of Avirulence Gene AvrPi9 in Magnaporthe oryzae, a Rice Blast Fungus, Using a Combination of RPA and CRISPR-Cas12a Techniques","authors":"Piyawan Puanprapai, Pattavipha Songkumarn, T. Toojinda, C. Jantasuriyarat","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.885-894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.885-894","url":null,"abstract":"Rice blast disease is one of the most devastating diseases of rice production worldwide, which causes by an ascomycete fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The virulence of the rice blast fungus is determined by avirulence genes (Avr genes). Therefore, the identification of Avr genes is important for rice resistance variety improvement. Avr genes are currently identified using the pathogenicity assay with rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) or PCR amplification and gene sequencing, both of which are time-consuming and labor-intensive methods. This study aims to develop a simple method for Avr gene identification using AvrPi9 as a model. A recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique was carried out to amplify AvrPi9 by incubating rice blast fungus genomic DNA with gene-specific primers at 37°C for 20 min. Cas12a-based AvrPi9 detection was performed by incubating at 37°C for 5 min. The fluorescence signal was visualized by the naked eye under an LED transilluminator. The study found that AvrPi9 can be amplified and detected using RPA and a Cas12a-based method. AvrPi9_crRNA2 has a higher efficiency than AvrPi9_crRNA1. The sensitivity of the method was 3.8 ng of DNA target for AvrPi9_crRNA1 and 1.9 ng of DNA target for AvrPi9_crRNA2. This RPA and Cas12a combination technique is a newer method for Avr gene detection in plants and has several advantages over traditional methods. It is considered easier to use and more efficient in terms of time and labor, making it a potentially useful tool for plant breeders and pathologists.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47756402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.937-945
I. B. M. Artadana, K. Supaibulwatana
Climate change and decreasing in farmlands threaten global rice production. The productivity and grain quality of KDML105 (Oryza sativa ‘KDML105’), one of Thailand’s famous scented rice is depending on photoperiod and cultivating conditions. Cultivar improvement using induced mutagenesis has previously been performed and screening of candidate mutant lines (MT1, MT3, MT4, MT5, MT6) were then investigated in comparison with KDML105 to gain M6 generation. Comparative morphological features revealed that five mutant lines showed semi-dwarf shoot with erected leaves, higher tiller numbers, and compact clump when compared to KDML105. Interestingly, the variations of photoperiodism of flowering were observed among mutants and its original. All five lines of candidate mutants showed flowering unaffected by day length even under long-day or short-day that required only 47-85 days after transplanting to reach the flowering date. In contrast, KDML 105 showed flowering only under short-day conditions. On the other hand, three candidate mutants (MT3, MT5 and MT6) after screening for salinity tolerance were further selected to grow for M6 seed production. The tiller numbers, spikelet numbers, total grain yield, and grain weight obtained from MT3, MT5 and MT6 mutants were significantly more than those obtained from KDML 105. The mutants obtained in this study are characterized as intermediate photoperiodism with shortened production time. It is also suggested to further investigate the grain quality to examine the overall properties of these mutants prior to use in the rice breeding program.
{"title":"Comparative Morphology, Photoperiodism, and Yield of KDML105 Rice (Oryza sativa) and Its Mutants","authors":"I. B. M. Artadana, K. Supaibulwatana","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.937-945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.937-945","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and decreasing in farmlands threaten global rice production. The productivity and grain quality of KDML105 (Oryza sativa ‘KDML105’), one of Thailand’s famous scented rice is depending on photoperiod and cultivating conditions. Cultivar improvement using induced mutagenesis has previously been performed and screening of candidate mutant lines (MT1, MT3, MT4, MT5, MT6) were then investigated in comparison with KDML105 to gain M6 generation. Comparative morphological features revealed that five mutant lines showed semi-dwarf shoot with erected leaves, higher tiller numbers, and compact clump when compared to KDML105. Interestingly, the variations of photoperiodism of flowering were observed among mutants and its original. All five lines of candidate mutants showed flowering unaffected by day length even under long-day or short-day that required only 47-85 days after transplanting to reach the flowering date. In contrast, KDML 105 showed flowering only under short-day conditions. On the other hand, three candidate mutants (MT3, MT5 and MT6) after screening for salinity tolerance were further selected to grow for M6 seed production. The tiller numbers, spikelet numbers, total grain yield, and grain weight obtained from MT3, MT5 and MT6 mutants were significantly more than those obtained from KDML 105. The mutants obtained in this study are characterized as intermediate photoperiodism with shortened production time. It is also suggested to further investigate the grain quality to examine the overall properties of these mutants prior to use in the rice breeding program.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44405509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.907-917
Feni Susanti, R. Adharini, Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari, E. Setyobudi
Gracilaria spp. is a commercial seaweed utilized in various food, pharmaceutical, and health industries. Due to the high plasticity of seaweed, morphological identification must be validated by molecular identification using DNA barcoding. This study aims to identify the genetic diversity of Gracilaria spp. based on DNA barcoding with an rbcL marker. Samples were collected from six beaches, i.e., Trenggole, Drini, Siung, Wediombo, Nguyahan, and Ngedan, from September-November 2021. The methods in this study were sampling, sample preservation, morphological and tissue observations, DNA extraction, PCR and electrophoresis, and data analysis. The results showed four species of seaweed based on the rbcL marker: Gracilaria sp., G. salicornia, G. edulis, and G. vieillardii. Based on 18 samples confirmed by phylogenetics, five different species were found, namely G. salicornia, G. edulis, G. vieillardii, Gracilaria sp. 1, and Gracilaria sp. 2 The last two species, i.e., Gracilaria sp. 1 and Gracilaria sp. 2, from the intertidal zone of the south coast of Yogyakarta may have never been reported to GenBank.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Gracilaria spp. in the Intertidal Zone on the South Coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Based on DNA Barcoding with rbcL Marker","authors":"Feni Susanti, R. Adharini, Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari, E. Setyobudi","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.907-917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.907-917","url":null,"abstract":"Gracilaria spp. is a commercial seaweed utilized in various food, pharmaceutical, and health industries. Due to the high plasticity of seaweed, morphological identification must be validated by molecular identification using DNA barcoding. This study aims to identify the genetic diversity of Gracilaria spp. based on DNA barcoding with an rbcL marker. Samples were collected from six beaches, i.e., Trenggole, Drini, Siung, Wediombo, Nguyahan, and Ngedan, from September-November 2021. The methods in this study were sampling, sample preservation, morphological and tissue observations, DNA extraction, PCR and electrophoresis, and data analysis. The results showed four species of seaweed based on the rbcL marker: Gracilaria sp., G. salicornia, G. edulis, and G. vieillardii. Based on 18 samples confirmed by phylogenetics, five different species were found, namely G. salicornia, G. edulis, G. vieillardii, Gracilaria sp. 1, and Gracilaria sp. 2 The last two species, i.e., Gracilaria sp. 1 and Gracilaria sp. 2, from the intertidal zone of the south coast of Yogyakarta may have never been reported to GenBank.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41622130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}