Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.874-884
U. Cahlia, R. Astuti, J. Nomura, A. Wahyudi
Sponge-associated bacteria can produce bioactive compounds similar to the host. Here, the investigation of antioxidant properties of the yellow-red pigment produced by sponge-associated bacterium AGS112 was conducted using in vitro and in vivo analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed the sponge-associated bacterium AGS112 has the closest similarity with Bacillus haikouensis C-89 (99%). The crude pigment extract produced by Bacillus haikouensis AGS112 contained both phenolic and flavonoid. The peaks occurred at 412 nm and 664 nm, which indicated as the presence of carotenoids and flavonoids, respectively. The active fraction extract obtained through bio-autography TLC, and had more potent antioxidant activity against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) compared to the crude pigment extract with an IC50 value of 68.62±0.59 µg/ml and 198.88±1.66 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the active fraction extract at the concentration of 35 µg/ml could better enhance the viability of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and achieve the highest expression of sod1 and ctt1 genes. Metabolite profiling using LC-MS analysis confirmed the active fraction extract contains eudesmin and artelastin that might be contributed as antioxidants. These results suggest that the active fraction extract of the yellow-red pigment produced by B. haikouensis AGS112 had potency to be used as candidate for natural antioxidants.
{"title":"Antioxidant Properties of Active Fraction Extract Derived from Yellow-Red Pigment Produced by the Marine Sponge-Associated Bacterium Bacillus haikouensis AGS112 and Identification of Related Compounds","authors":"U. Cahlia, R. Astuti, J. Nomura, A. Wahyudi","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.874-884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.874-884","url":null,"abstract":"Sponge-associated bacteria can produce bioactive compounds similar to the host. Here, the investigation of antioxidant properties of the yellow-red pigment produced by sponge-associated bacterium AGS112 was conducted using in vitro and in vivo analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed the sponge-associated bacterium AGS112 has the closest similarity with Bacillus haikouensis C-89 (99%). The crude pigment extract produced by Bacillus haikouensis AGS112 contained both phenolic and flavonoid. The peaks occurred at 412 nm and 664 nm, which indicated as the presence of carotenoids and flavonoids, respectively. The active fraction extract obtained through bio-autography TLC, and had more potent antioxidant activity against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) compared to the crude pigment extract with an IC50 value of 68.62±0.59 µg/ml and 198.88±1.66 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the active fraction extract at the concentration of 35 µg/ml could better enhance the viability of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and achieve the highest expression of sod1 and ctt1 genes. Metabolite profiling using LC-MS analysis confirmed the active fraction extract contains eudesmin and artelastin that might be contributed as antioxidants. These results suggest that the active fraction extract of the yellow-red pigment produced by B. haikouensis AGS112 had potency to be used as candidate for natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43114287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer suffered in women. Chemotherapy usage often causes physical and psychological side effects in patients. This study aims to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of melinjo seeds (Gnetum gnemon L.) on HeLa cervical cancer cells through in vitro and in silico assays. Melinjo seed was extracted by maceration using ethanol 70% and fractionated with ethyl acetate to obtain the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Melinjo Seed (EAFMS). The identification of the active compounds group was done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. In vitro studies were conducted on antioxidant tests using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and cytotoxic activity test using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay. In silico test for molecular docking analyzed by Autodock Vina method. The TLC analysis of EAFMS showed the presence of the stilbenoid compounds group. The antioxidant activity of EAFMS is weak, with an IC50 value of 175.8 g/ml. Cytotoxic activity of EAFMS is categorized as toxic to HeLa cancer cells with an IC50 value of 21.69 g/ml, while EAFMS has a synergistic effect combined with doxorubicin as a standard drug with a combination index (CI) value of 0.24-0.80. A molecular docking test of gnetin C with VHR receptor found a strong and stable bond with a docking score of -8.3 kcal/mol. Thus, EAFMS has the potential to be used as a chemopreventive agent for cervical cancer and can be combined with doxorubicin.
{"title":"Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Protein Target Inhibition of Ethyl Acetate Fraction Melinjo Seed (Gnetum gnemon L.) by In Vitro and In Silico Studies on HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells","authors":"Rawi Ingra Savitri, Nuha Haifa Arifin, Rifki Febriansah","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.864-873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.864-873","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer suffered in women. Chemotherapy usage often causes physical and psychological side effects in patients. This study aims to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of melinjo seeds (Gnetum gnemon L.) on HeLa cervical cancer cells through in vitro and in silico assays. Melinjo seed was extracted by maceration using ethanol 70% and fractionated with ethyl acetate to obtain the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Melinjo Seed (EAFMS). The identification of the active compounds group was done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. In vitro studies were conducted on antioxidant tests using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and cytotoxic activity test using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay. In silico test for molecular docking analyzed by Autodock Vina method. The TLC analysis of EAFMS showed the presence of the stilbenoid compounds group. The antioxidant activity of EAFMS is weak, with an IC50 value of 175.8 g/ml. Cytotoxic activity of EAFMS is categorized as toxic to HeLa cancer cells with an IC50 value of 21.69 g/ml, while EAFMS has a synergistic effect combined with doxorubicin as a standard drug with a combination index (CI) value of 0.24-0.80. A molecular docking test of gnetin C with VHR receptor found a strong and stable bond with a docking score of -8.3 kcal/mol. Thus, EAFMS has the potential to be used as a chemopreventive agent for cervical cancer and can be combined with doxorubicin.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49559023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.855-863
S. Widjanarko, S. N. Jamil, E. Ni'maturohmah, W. Putri
Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a source of glucomannan in Indonesia, and a potential agent for diabetes mellitus treatment, apart from konjac. This study aims to determine the potential of porang flour formulation as a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus, especially type-2 diabetes mellitus. Soluble fiber, water absorption capacity(WAC), disintegration time, and viscosity of porang flour (PF) and porang flour formulation (PFF: consist of 85% porang flour, 1.03% k-carrageenan flour, 12% inulin flour, and 1.97% modified cassava flour (MOCAF)) were scrutinized. Twenty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly split into seven experimental groups. Five groups consisting of diabetic rats were treated using porang flour (300 mg/kg bw); low, middle, and high doses of porang flour formulation (100, 300, 500 mg/kg bw, respectively); and metformin (51.38 mg/kg bw). The rest were normal, and the diabetic (DM) control group. PF, PFF, and metformin were orally administered to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats per day for four weeks of the experiment. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of the blood plasma were measured, while the pancreas was used for immunohistochemical study and β-cells quantification. ANOVA was employed to analyze the data, followed by Honestly Significance Difference using Minitab version 17.0. The result indicated a significant effect of PF, PFF, and metformin on decreasing FPG and MDA and increasing the number of pancreatic β- cells in DM rats. Porang flour (300 mg/kg bw) and middle-dose PFF are potential therapeutic agents for type-2 DM.
{"title":"The Potential of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Flour and Porang Flour Formulation as an Anti-Diabetes Type-2 Agent","authors":"S. Widjanarko, S. N. Jamil, E. Ni'maturohmah, W. Putri","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.855-863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.855-863","url":null,"abstract":"Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a source of glucomannan in Indonesia, and a potential agent for diabetes mellitus treatment, apart from konjac. This study aims to determine the potential of porang flour formulation as a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus, especially type-2 diabetes mellitus. Soluble fiber, water absorption capacity(WAC), disintegration time, and viscosity of porang flour (PF) and porang flour formulation (PFF: consist of 85% porang flour, 1.03% k-carrageenan flour, 12% inulin flour, and 1.97% modified cassava flour (MOCAF)) were scrutinized. Twenty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly split into seven experimental groups. Five groups consisting of diabetic rats were treated using porang flour (300 mg/kg bw); low, middle, and high doses of porang flour formulation (100, 300, 500 mg/kg bw, respectively); and metformin (51.38 mg/kg bw). The rest were normal, and the diabetic (DM) control group. PF, PFF, and metformin were orally administered to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats per day for four weeks of the experiment. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of the blood plasma were measured, while the pancreas was used for immunohistochemical study and β-cells quantification. ANOVA was employed to analyze the data, followed by Honestly Significance Difference using Minitab version 17.0. The result indicated a significant effect of PF, PFF, and metformin on decreasing FPG and MDA and increasing the number of pancreatic β- cells in DM rats. Porang flour (300 mg/kg bw) and middle-dose PFF are potential therapeutic agents for type-2 DM.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46287220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.843-854
R. E. Putri, N. R. Mubarik, L. Ambarsari, A. Wahyudi
Soybean Fusarium wilt and root rot disease caused by a necrotrophic ascomycete pathogen, F. oxysporum, triggered severe damage to the plant tissues and organs and impacted heavy losses. Biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis, were commonly used to produce a broad spectrum of antifungal substances and were gradually used in biocontrol studies for plant disease management. Investigation and determination of the inhibiting mechanism of antifungal substance produced by B. subtilis on F. oxysporum should be done to protect the soybean plant. This study revealed that basal nutrient broth (NB) gives the best antifungal activity. The stationary phase of the bacterial growth curve was obtained on two days of cultivation and showed the maximum antifungal activity against F. oxysporum. Ethyl acetate (EA) extraction of bacterial supernatant generated crude EA extract, which showed half inhibition (IC50) at 306.42 µg/ml obtained from the dose-response regression curve. Post-treatment mycelia of F. oxysporum with bacterial extract were demonstrated as hyphal deformation followed by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Furthermore, cellular leakage on fungal cells that may be triggered by antifungal compounds from strain W3.15 occurred. Last, the related antifungal compounds were predicted to be epicatechin and benzophenone from the LC-MS/MS analysis of crude EA extract. Accordingly, the biocontrol agent B. subtilis strain W3.15 promises a strong potency for biofungicide development.
{"title":"Antifungal Substances Produced by B. subtilis Strain W3.15 Inhibit the Fusarium oxysporum and Trigger Cellular Damage","authors":"R. E. Putri, N. R. Mubarik, L. Ambarsari, A. Wahyudi","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.843-854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.843-854","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean Fusarium wilt and root rot disease caused by a necrotrophic ascomycete pathogen, F. oxysporum, triggered severe damage to the plant tissues and organs and impacted heavy losses. Biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis, were commonly used to produce a broad spectrum of antifungal substances and were gradually used in biocontrol studies for plant disease management. Investigation and determination of the inhibiting mechanism of antifungal substance produced by B. subtilis on F. oxysporum should be done to protect the soybean plant. This study revealed that basal nutrient broth (NB) gives the best antifungal activity. The stationary phase of the bacterial growth curve was obtained on two days of cultivation and showed the maximum antifungal activity against F. oxysporum. Ethyl acetate (EA) extraction of bacterial supernatant generated crude EA extract, which showed half inhibition (IC50) at 306.42 µg/ml obtained from the dose-response regression curve. Post-treatment mycelia of F. oxysporum with bacterial extract were demonstrated as hyphal deformation followed by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Furthermore, cellular leakage on fungal cells that may be triggered by antifungal compounds from strain W3.15 occurred. Last, the related antifungal compounds were predicted to be epicatechin and benzophenone from the LC-MS/MS analysis of crude EA extract. Accordingly, the biocontrol agent B. subtilis strain W3.15 promises a strong potency for biofungicide development.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71129600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.834-842
I. Utami, A. Sakti, F. Yusuf, Fahmiatul Husna, D. Susanto
The eruption of the most active volcano in Indonesia, Mount Merapi, has resulted in a very dynamic landscape as a form of ecosystem succession. This study aimed to analyze the carbon stock and vegetation composition in the secondary forest with variations in the level of disturbance after the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi. Data collection was carried out in January 2020, in which biomass, necromass, and soil organic carbon data were taken in plot transect and Geographic Information Systems carbon stock products compared field data. The results showed that secondary forests at stations A and B with low and medium disturbance levels had carbon stocks in the high category. In contrast, station C at Cangkringan Resort, with high disturbance levels, still had carbon stock with a low category. Furthermore, the comparison of 2020 field data with GIS carbon stock products concluded a similar pattern between carbon stock from aboveground biomass WHRC 2010 and belowground biomass NASA 2010. This research concludes that the disturbance affected forest carbon stocks ten years after the 2010 Merapi eruption. Therefore, monitoring the vegetation community needs to be carried out annually through a combination of spatial and direct checks in the field.
{"title":"Development of Secondary Forest Succession Based on Estimation of Forest Carbon Stocks Ten Years Post-Merapi Volcano Eruption","authors":"I. Utami, A. Sakti, F. Yusuf, Fahmiatul Husna, D. Susanto","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.834-842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.834-842","url":null,"abstract":"The eruption of the most active volcano in Indonesia, Mount Merapi, has resulted in a very dynamic landscape as a form of ecosystem succession. This study aimed to analyze the carbon stock and vegetation composition in the secondary forest with variations in the level of disturbance after the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi. Data collection was carried out in January 2020, in which biomass, necromass, and soil organic carbon data were taken in plot transect and Geographic Information Systems carbon stock products compared field data. The results showed that secondary forests at stations A and B with low and medium disturbance levels had carbon stocks in the high category. In contrast, station C at Cangkringan Resort, with high disturbance levels, still had carbon stock with a low category. Furthermore, the comparison of 2020 field data with GIS carbon stock products concluded a similar pattern between carbon stock from aboveground biomass WHRC 2010 and belowground biomass NASA 2010. This research concludes that the disturbance affected forest carbon stocks ten years after the 2010 Merapi eruption. Therefore, monitoring the vegetation community needs to be carried out annually through a combination of spatial and direct checks in the field.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48092013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.825-833
U. Hasanah, Abinawanto, Alimuddin, A. Boediono, Eni Kusrini
Cryopreservation is a technique for storing cells and tissues at very low temperatures for the possible usage of the stored cells and tissues throughout the year. Sperm cell cryopreservation in some species causes a decrease in sperm quality and DNA damage. Inappropriate cryopreservation protocols can cause changes in sperm physiology. Mitochondria are organelles that play a role in producing energy for sperm motility. Mitochondria have DNA molecules with small sizes compared to structures from nuclear DNA. This study analyzed the effect of cryopreservation on sperm motility and the Cytochrome Oxidase1 (COI) gene. The CO1 gene in mitochondrial DNA plays a role in energy production for spermatozoa motility. The cryopreservation was performed using skim milk and 10% methanol cryoprotectant, and the temperature in the equilibration process was 4-5°C for 10 minutes. Cryopreservation took place for 14 days in the freezer at -80°C. In addition, the thawing process was performed for 1-2 minutes at 40°C. This study found that the number of lesions per 10 kb in the CO1 gene in post-equilibration spermatozoa was (9.24±3.74), and post-thawing spermatozoa (was 10.26±7.54). Spermatozoa motility was obtained in fresh spermatozoa, i.e., 87±1.5%, post-equilibration spermatozoa 79±4.5%, and post-thawing spermatozoa 30±3.2%. This study concluded that cryopreservation of spermatozoa causes CO1 gene lesions and that in cryopreserved spermatozoa, there is a decrease in spermatozoa motility compared to fresh spermatozoa.
{"title":"The Effect of Cryopreservation on Cytochrome Oxidase1 (CO1) Gene and the Relationship with Spermatozoa Motility of Albino Pangasius catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus)","authors":"U. Hasanah, Abinawanto, Alimuddin, A. Boediono, Eni Kusrini","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.825-833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.825-833","url":null,"abstract":"Cryopreservation is a technique for storing cells and tissues at very low temperatures for the possible usage of the stored cells and tissues throughout the year. Sperm cell cryopreservation in some species causes a decrease in sperm quality and DNA damage. Inappropriate cryopreservation protocols can cause changes in sperm physiology. Mitochondria are organelles that play a role in producing energy for sperm motility. Mitochondria have DNA molecules with small sizes compared to structures from nuclear DNA. This study analyzed the effect of cryopreservation on sperm motility and the Cytochrome Oxidase1 (COI) gene. The CO1 gene in mitochondrial DNA plays a role in energy production for spermatozoa motility. The cryopreservation was performed using skim milk and 10% methanol cryoprotectant, and the temperature in the equilibration process was 4-5°C for 10 minutes. Cryopreservation took place for 14 days in the freezer at -80°C. In addition, the thawing process was performed for 1-2 minutes at 40°C. This study found that the number of lesions per 10 kb in the CO1 gene in post-equilibration spermatozoa was (9.24±3.74), and post-thawing spermatozoa (was 10.26±7.54). Spermatozoa motility was obtained in fresh spermatozoa, i.e., 87±1.5%, post-equilibration spermatozoa 79±4.5%, and post-thawing spermatozoa 30±3.2%. This study concluded that cryopreservation of spermatozoa causes CO1 gene lesions and that in cryopreserved spermatozoa, there is a decrease in spermatozoa motility compared to fresh spermatozoa.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47038861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.808-815
S. Budi, M. Sembiring, J. H. Hutapea, K. Mahardika, I. Nyoman, Adiasmara Giri, R. Pratiwi, S. Hadisusanto
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of endogenous compared to commercial probiotics on the growth, digestive enzyme activity, and non-specific immunity of sandfish juveniles. Treatments were: A. diet without probiotic; B. diet supplemented with endogenous probiotics Gamma proteobacterium strain M-4, Bacillus subtilis strain Q-1, Bacillus sp. strain E-2; C. diet supplemented with a commercial probiotic containing B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, and B. pumilus. The research was conducted for 4 months using 12 plastic containers, 30 juveniles each (initial weight of 2.72±0.37 g, mean ± standard deviation). From each container, ten samples were taken randomly every 14 days and weighed and three intestine samples at initial and every following month to analysis enzyme activities. At the end the study, all juveniles were counted and weighed individually, and performed a challenge test by injected a 106 CFU ml-1 Vibrio azureus strain 4C-1 at 0.1 ml/ind. Immune response observed were: total coelomate and gene expression (SOD, CAT, LZM) by Quantitative real-time PCR. The specific growth rate of juveniles fed by diet B was significantly different from treatment A (P<0.05), its final weight was higher compared to diets A and C (P<0.05). Protease, lipase, and amylase activity in treatment B was higher compared to C and A (P<0.05). The survival rate, total coelomocyte count, gene expression after being challenged were higher in treatment B compared to C and A (P<0.05). The present study showed endogenous probiotics promote growth, improve digestion enzyme activity, and stimulate non-specific immune responses.
{"title":"Effect of the Supplementation of Endogenous Probiotics in Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Non-Specific Immunity Gene Expression of Sandfish, Holothuria scabra Juveniles","authors":"S. Budi, M. Sembiring, J. H. Hutapea, K. Mahardika, I. Nyoman, Adiasmara Giri, R. Pratiwi, S. Hadisusanto","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.808-815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.808-815","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of endogenous compared to commercial probiotics on the growth, digestive enzyme activity, and non-specific immunity of sandfish juveniles. Treatments were: A. diet without probiotic; B. diet supplemented with endogenous probiotics Gamma proteobacterium strain M-4, Bacillus subtilis strain Q-1, Bacillus sp. strain E-2; C. diet supplemented with a commercial probiotic containing B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, and B. pumilus. The research was conducted for 4 months using 12 plastic containers, 30 juveniles each (initial weight of 2.72±0.37 g, mean ± standard deviation). From each container, ten samples were taken randomly every 14 days and weighed and three intestine samples at initial and every following month to analysis enzyme activities. At the end the study, all juveniles were counted and weighed individually, and performed a challenge test by injected a 106 CFU ml-1 Vibrio azureus strain 4C-1 at 0.1 ml/ind. Immune response observed were: total coelomate and gene expression (SOD, CAT, LZM) by Quantitative real-time PCR. The specific growth rate of juveniles fed by diet B was significantly different from treatment A (P<0.05), its final weight was higher compared to diets A and C (P<0.05). Protease, lipase, and amylase activity in treatment B was higher compared to C and A (P<0.05). The survival rate, total coelomocyte count, gene expression after being challenged were higher in treatment B compared to C and A (P<0.05). The present study showed endogenous probiotics promote growth, improve digestion enzyme activity, and stimulate non-specific immune responses.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41625275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.816-824
N. Andayani, A. E. Maryanto, Muhammad Naufal Nur
Poaching and illegal wildlife trade present severe threats to the Sumatran tiger. The high demand for tiger body parts leads to a high number of imitations in illegal markets, complicating the morphological identification of any confiscation cases. Accurate identification is essential in legal due process, given that the national protection law only regulates Indonesia's native species. Identification using molecular approaches may overcome the problem. However, most illegally traded tiger body parts have been preserved for an extended period of time, reducing the quantity and quality of the recovered DNA. This study aimed to develop a fast and effective method to recover DNA from preserved forensic samples. The methods had been tested with several museum samples of arsenic-treated hairs and a tiger skin piece obtained from the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN, formerly LIPI), tiger hairs obtained from Conservation of Natural Resources Agency (BKSDA) of Bengkulu Province, and a confiscated tiger skin sample from BKSDA Aceh. The DNA was extracted using ion-exchange, salting out, and protease-based methods. The results showed that the protease-based extraction outperformed the others to yield applicable DNA isolates for PCR-based species identification by Cyt b and ND2 mtDNA partial genes from preserved samples. However, further works are still needed to recover sufficient DNA yields for sex identification.
{"title":"Development of DNA Extraction Method for Forensics Studies of Preserved Hair and Skin Samples from Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae, Pocock 1929)","authors":"N. Andayani, A. E. Maryanto, Muhammad Naufal Nur","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.816-824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.816-824","url":null,"abstract":"Poaching and illegal wildlife trade present severe threats to the Sumatran tiger. The high demand for tiger body parts leads to a high number of imitations in illegal markets, complicating the morphological identification of any confiscation cases. Accurate identification is essential in legal due process, given that the national protection law only regulates Indonesia's native species. Identification using molecular approaches may overcome the problem. However, most illegally traded tiger body parts have been preserved for an extended period of time, reducing the quantity and quality of the recovered DNA. This study aimed to develop a fast and effective method to recover DNA from preserved forensic samples. The methods had been tested with several museum samples of arsenic-treated hairs and a tiger skin piece obtained from the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN, formerly LIPI), tiger hairs obtained from Conservation of Natural Resources Agency (BKSDA) of Bengkulu Province, and a confiscated tiger skin sample from BKSDA Aceh. The DNA was extracted using ion-exchange, salting out, and protease-based methods. The results showed that the protease-based extraction outperformed the others to yield applicable DNA isolates for PCR-based species identification by Cyt b and ND2 mtDNA partial genes from preserved samples. However, further works are still needed to recover sufficient DNA yields for sex identification.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45505220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.797-807
D. Y. Kusuma, A. Kristanti, A. T. Wibowo, B. Tan, Yosephine Sri, W. Manuhara
The valuable extract of bioactive compounds from Gynura procumbens has been widely manufactured into various health products. The demand for these compounds is continuously increasing, but production through conventional farming methods is insufficient due to limited agricultural land and environmental stresses. An alternative to producing plant biomass is in vitro cultivation methods. This method requires less space and enables biomass propagation in a controlled condition that can facilitate stable and efficient production of plant secondary metabolites. This study evaluated the effect of inoculum subculture periods and culture methods on G. procumbens biomass and secondary metabolite production in a bioreactor. The 3-L airlift balloon type-bubble bioreactors was modified in this study to adopt the treatment of 1st-5th subculture periods and fed- and batch-cultivation strategies. We found the G. procumbens adventitious root culture was optimally derived from the 1st subculture produced biomass of 148.02±1.45 g FW and 8.59±0.12 g DW, and TPC (14.48±1.08 mg GAE/g DW) and TFC (116.89±0.44 mg KE/g DW and 33.97±0.13 mg QE/g DW). Additionally, the fed method after 28 days of culture using double distilled water replenishment improved adventitious root biomass (213.75±35.00 g FW and 11.21±0.18 g DW), while nutrient replenishment improved TFC (52.14±0.44 mg KE/g DW and 14.54±0.13 mg QE/g DW). These results can be used to optimize the cultivation of G. procumbens adventitious roots in a large-scale bioreactor.
从猪苓中提取的有价值的生物活性化合物已被广泛生产成各种保健品。对这些化合物的需求不断增加，但由于农业用地有限和环境压力，传统耕作方法的生产不足。生产植物生物质的一种替代方法是体外培养方法。这种方法需要更少的空间，并且能够在可控的条件下繁殖生物质，从而促进植物次生代谢产物的稳定高效生产。本研究评估了接种物继代培养时间和培养方法对生物反应器中平菇生物量和次级代谢产物产生的影响。本研究对3-L气升气球型气泡生物反应器进行了改进，采用第1-5次传代处理和补料和分批培养策略。我们发现，平菇不定根培养的最佳来源于第一次继代产生的生物量为148.02±1.45 G FW和8.59±0.12 G DW，以及TPC（14.48±1.08 mg GAE/G DW）和TFC（116.89±0.44 mg KE/G DW和33.97±0.13 mg QE/G DW）。此外，在使用双蒸馏水补充培养28天后，补饲法提高了不定根生物量（213.75±35.00 g FW和11.21±0.18 g DW），而营养补充提高了TFC（52.14±0.44 mg KE/g DW和14.54±0.13 mg QE/g DW）。这些结果可用于优化在大型生物反应器中培养平菇不定根。
{"title":"Optimization of Biomass and Secondary Metabolite Production in Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Adventitious Roots Culture by Using the Method of Subculture and Fed-batch Cultivation in a Bioreactor","authors":"D. Y. Kusuma, A. Kristanti, A. T. Wibowo, B. Tan, Yosephine Sri, W. Manuhara","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.797-807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.797-807","url":null,"abstract":"The valuable extract of bioactive compounds from Gynura procumbens has been widely manufactured into various health products. The demand for these compounds is continuously increasing, but production through conventional farming methods is insufficient due to limited agricultural land and environmental stresses. An alternative to producing plant biomass is in vitro cultivation methods. This method requires less space and enables biomass propagation in a controlled condition that can facilitate stable and efficient production of plant secondary metabolites. This study evaluated the effect of inoculum subculture periods and culture methods on G. procumbens biomass and secondary metabolite production in a bioreactor. The 3-L airlift balloon type-bubble bioreactors was modified in this study to adopt the treatment of 1st-5th subculture periods and fed- and batch-cultivation strategies. We found the G. procumbens adventitious root culture was optimally derived from the 1st subculture produced biomass of 148.02±1.45 g FW and 8.59±0.12 g DW, and TPC (14.48±1.08 mg GAE/g DW) and TFC (116.89±0.44 mg KE/g DW and 33.97±0.13 mg QE/g DW). Additionally, the fed method after 28 days of culture using double distilled water replenishment improved adventitious root biomass (213.75±35.00 g FW and 11.21±0.18 g DW), while nutrient replenishment improved TFC (52.14±0.44 mg KE/g DW and 14.54±0.13 mg QE/g DW). These results can be used to optimize the cultivation of G. procumbens adventitious roots in a large-scale bioreactor.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.4308/hjb.30.5.789-796
Ayu Tri Nursyarah, M. Safithri, D. Andrianto
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Excess endogenous estrogen is a risk factor for breast cancer. Red betel leaf herbal plants have been used as an alternative cervical and colon cancer treatment. This study aimed to obtain the active compounds that play a role in ERα receptor inhibitors in silico and to determine the anti-breast cancer cytotoxic activity of the extract and fraction of red betel leaf against MCF-7 cells. We use in silico research method using the YASARA Structure software with anti-breast cancer receptors, namely 3ERT, and in vitro using the MTT test on the anti-breast cancer cytotoxic activity of MCF-7 cells. There are 38 compounds that were obtained from the research. The results of the in silico test showed that the bioactive compound that played a role in inhibiting the ERα was 2-(4-Hydro xyphenyl)-2-phenyl-N(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-acetamide (44578655), a compound from water fraction, with an inhibition constant of 2.82 × 10-8 µM and Gibbs free energy of –10.2880 Kcal/mol. In vitro results showed that the best cell growth inhibition value was obtained from the n-hexane fraction at a concentration of 500 ppm of 73.42%. The conclusions of this study indicate that the bioactive compound of red betel leaf is water fraction is the best fraction inhibition. However, the hexane fraction proved to have cytotoxic activity against breast cancer MCF-7 cells.
{"title":"Red Betel Leaf Bioactive Compounds as ERα Receptor Inhibitors In Silico and MCF-7 Cell Anticancer In Vitro","authors":"Ayu Tri Nursyarah, M. Safithri, D. Andrianto","doi":"10.4308/hjb.30.5.789-796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.789-796","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Excess endogenous estrogen is a risk factor for breast cancer. Red betel leaf herbal plants have been used as an alternative cervical and colon cancer treatment. This study aimed to obtain the active compounds that play a role in ERα receptor inhibitors in silico and to determine the anti-breast cancer cytotoxic activity of the extract and fraction of red betel leaf against MCF-7 cells. We use in silico research method using the YASARA Structure software with anti-breast cancer receptors, namely 3ERT, and in vitro using the MTT test on the anti-breast cancer cytotoxic activity of MCF-7 cells. There are 38 compounds that were obtained from the research. The results of the in silico test showed that the bioactive compound that played a role in inhibiting the ERα was 2-(4-Hydro xyphenyl)-2-phenyl-N(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-acetamide (44578655), a compound from water fraction, with an inhibition constant of 2.82 × 10-8 µM and Gibbs free energy of –10.2880 Kcal/mol. In vitro results showed that the best cell growth inhibition value was obtained from the n-hexane fraction at a concentration of 500 ppm of 73.42%. The conclusions of this study indicate that the bioactive compound of red betel leaf is water fraction is the best fraction inhibition. However, the hexane fraction proved to have cytotoxic activity against breast cancer MCF-7 cells.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43215171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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