Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.4.03
D. Kiryanov, M. Kamaltdinov, M. Tsinker, S. V. Babina, S. Kleyn, A. Andrishunas
The relevance of the present study follows from the necessity to establish parameterized cause-effect relationships that describe additional disease cases among population caused by chronic exposure to chemical factors. In this study, our aim was to explore relationships within the ‘environment – public health’ system to quantify and predict chronic risks under exposure to chemicals in ambient air. To achieve this, we collected statistical data on some municipalities located in the Russian Federation with different structures and levels of chemical pollution in ambient air. Data on population incidence and ambient air quality were coordinated at places where calculation points were located; these points were centers of residential buildings and their coordinates were applied in the study. Mathematical modeling of the relationships was conducted by using multiple linear regressions. Pollution indicators (chemical concentrations in ambient air) that met the requirements of biological plausibility and statistical significance of pair correlations were selected as independent variables. The obtained regression models contain 190 factors for 36 chemicals occurring in emission into ambient air from stationary and mobile sources, which allow calculating the frequency of additional disease cases for 29 diseases. The established factors make it possible to perform operative estimations of a number of diseases associated with ambient air quality at a place of residence relying on medical aid applications. The resulting relationships can be used to predict chronic health risks. Establishing criteria for ranking chemical health risks in zones influenced by hazardous chemical objects can become a next step in development of the suggested approaches.
{"title":"Parameterization of relationships between risk factors and public health under chronic exposure to complex ambient air pollution","authors":"D. Kiryanov, M. Kamaltdinov, M. Tsinker, S. V. Babina, S. Kleyn, A. Andrishunas","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the present study follows from the necessity to establish parameterized cause-effect relationships that describe additional disease cases among population caused by chronic exposure to chemical factors. In this study, our aim was to explore relationships within the ‘environment – public health’ system to quantify and predict chronic risks under exposure to chemicals in ambient air. To achieve this, we collected statistical data on some municipalities located in the Russian Federation with different structures and levels of chemical pollution in ambient air. Data on population incidence and ambient air quality were coordinated at places where calculation points were located; these points were centers of residential buildings and their coordinates were applied in the study. Mathematical modeling of the relationships was conducted by using multiple linear regressions. Pollution indicators (chemical concentrations in ambient air) that met the requirements of biological plausibility and statistical significance of pair correlations were selected as independent variables. The obtained regression models contain 190 factors for 36 chemicals occurring in emission into ambient air from stationary and mobile sources, which allow calculating the frequency of additional disease cases for 29 diseases. The established factors make it possible to perform operative estimations of a number of diseases associated with ambient air quality at a place of residence relying on medical aid applications. The resulting relationships can be used to predict chronic health risks. Establishing criteria for ranking chemical health risks in zones influenced by hazardous chemical objects can become a next step in development of the suggested approaches.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46711622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.18
M. Kamaltdinov
The present work focuses on developing a model of the duodenum considering motility, biochemical reactions occurring under effects produced by secreted digestive juices, and absorption of reaction products in normal conditions and in case of functional disorders. Analysis of literature sources allowed identifying basic bile components and pancreatic and intestinal juice enzymes influencing fats, proteins and carbohydrates that enter the duodenum. The paper provides a simplified scheme showing how food components are transformed allowing for the neural-humoral mechanism of digestion regulation. Chyme that enters the duodenum is considered a homogenous mixture, which changes its composition during chemical reactions. Mathematical tasking includes mass and momentum conservation equations for a multi-component viscous fluid. The secretion of digestive juices and absorption of components resulting from chemical reactions are described with mass effluents in a pipe in the wall layer. The peristaltic law of the duodenum wall movement was applied to describe the tract motility; the movement characteristics do not depend on the composition of the mixture. Numeric experiments produced necessary results to describe the hydrolysis of the 5 % starch solution under exposure to pancreatic amylase. Obviously, not all the amount of starch enters a chemical reaction and this is well in line with experimental data. The paper provides data on concentration fields for the components of glucose, amylase, and starch at different moments in time and the fluid velocity field. The next stage in the model development is expected to consider absorption of food components, functional disorders of secretion / absorption and intestinal motility as well as influence exerted by neural and humoral mechanisms. In future, the developed model can be applied to predict areas with elevated risks of developing functional disorders, ulcer formation, and other defects of the intestinal mucosa. This will help a physician to prescribe personified therapy and diet.
{"title":"Modeling of enzymatic processes in the duodenum to predict areas with elevated risks of functional disorders","authors":"M. Kamaltdinov","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"The present work focuses on developing a model of the duodenum considering motility, biochemical reactions occurring under effects produced by secreted digestive juices, and absorption of reaction products in normal conditions and in case of functional disorders. Analysis of literature sources allowed identifying basic bile components and pancreatic and intestinal juice enzymes influencing fats, proteins and carbohydrates that enter the duodenum. The paper provides a simplified scheme showing how food components are transformed allowing for the neural-humoral mechanism of digestion regulation. Chyme that enters the duodenum is considered a homogenous mixture, which changes its composition during chemical reactions. Mathematical tasking includes mass and momentum conservation equations for a multi-component viscous fluid. The secretion of digestive juices and absorption of components resulting from chemical reactions are described with mass effluents in a pipe in the wall layer. The peristaltic law of the duodenum wall movement was applied to describe the tract motility; the movement characteristics do not depend on the composition of the mixture. Numeric experiments produced necessary results to describe the hydrolysis of the 5 % starch solution under exposure to pancreatic amylase. Obviously, not all the amount of starch enters a chemical reaction and this is well in line with experimental data. The paper provides data on concentration fields for the components of glucose, amylase, and starch at different moments in time and the fluid velocity field. The next stage in the model development is expected to consider absorption of food components, functional disorders of secretion / absorption and intestinal motility as well as influence exerted by neural and humoral mechanisms. In future, the developed model can be applied to predict areas with elevated risks of developing functional disorders, ulcer formation, and other defects of the intestinal mucosa. This will help a physician to prescribe personified therapy and diet.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47898291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.02
J. Reis, N. Zaitseva, P. Spencer
The paper concentrates on reviewing results of studies that address the influence exerted by climate change in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions on local population health, ecological situation and ongoing sanitary-epidemiological processes. The systemic review includes research articles available in PubMed (maintained by The United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health), Scopus (the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature), WoS (the abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature) and BVS (Virtual Health Library) that were published over the period from 1960 to 2021. The review covers pressing environmental, sanitary-hygienic and social issues and identifies priority risk factors for public health and wildlife. Global pollution and communicable diseases are shown to pose threats for indigenous people living in the Arctic. These threats are likely to be greater than those faced by populations living elsewhere in the world. We suggest certain solutions to the existing issues. Our conclusion is that climate is changing faster in the Arctic than anywhere else on the planet. Global pollution and communicable diseases pose threats for public health, including the health of indigenous people living in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. It is necessary to intensify cooperation among different states to reduce external influences on the Arctic environment and to maintain public health.
{"title":"Pressing issues of environmental health and medical challenges in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions","authors":"J. Reis, N. Zaitseva, P. Spencer","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"The paper concentrates on reviewing results of studies that address the influence exerted by climate change in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions on local population health, ecological situation and ongoing sanitary-epidemiological processes. The systemic review includes research articles available in PubMed (maintained by The United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health), Scopus (the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature), WoS (the abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature) and BVS (Virtual Health Library) that were published over the period from 1960 to 2021. The review covers pressing environmental, sanitary-hygienic and social issues and identifies priority risk factors for public health and wildlife. Global pollution and communicable diseases are shown to pose threats for indigenous people living in the Arctic. These threats are likely to be greater than those faced by populations living elsewhere in the world. We suggest certain solutions to the existing issues. Our conclusion is that climate is changing faster in the Arctic than anywhere else on the planet. Global pollution and communicable diseases pose threats for public health, including the health of indigenous people living in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. It is necessary to intensify cooperation among different states to reduce external influences on the Arctic environment and to maintain public health.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.05
V. Kuchma, A. Makarova, E. V. Naryshkina, N. L. Yamschikova, A. Brazhnikov, A.A. Fedorinin, E. D. Laponova, N.N. Demina
We selected Problematic Internet Use (PIU) as our research object. PIU is a behavioral addiction or a type of addictive behavior that can have negative influence on users’ emotional and social functioning. In our case, these users were students who had to learn distantly. The aim of this pilot study was to estimate use of the Internet by students and associated risks by performing the validated screening (Problematic Internet Use – PIU). The first stage was accomplished under routine full-time education; the second stage took place during the COVID-19 pandemic under the forced lockdown in the spring term 2020. Medical students who participated in this pilot study were asked to estimate how much time they spent using the Internet on their mobile devices or PC and to report risks associated with problematic Internet use, both under ordinary circumstances and under forced self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening – PRIUSS, Midwestern University, USA, both paper version and Google survey, to question the participants. Overall, 230 students took part at the first stage of the survey; one year after there were 90 students participating in the survey. The research results show it is truly vital to examine risky behavior since it can pose certain threats for young students’ health due to growing volumes and shares of information obtained from information network channels and Internet resources. In addition, we established an increasing share of risky behavior when using the Internet under restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a substantial growth in the number of students exposed to the intensive Internet use. The scores as per the subscales “social disorders” and “emotional disorders” grew by 2.7 and 2.1 times accordingly. The score describing risky/impulsive Internet use went up from 7.8 to 16.3. All the differences were statistically significant (р < 0.001).
{"title":"Problematic internet use as youth’s risky behavior under distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"V. Kuchma, A. Makarova, E. V. Naryshkina, N. L. Yamschikova, A. Brazhnikov, A.A. Fedorinin, E. D. Laponova, N.N. Demina","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"We selected Problematic Internet Use (PIU) as our research object. PIU is a behavioral addiction or a type of addictive behavior that can have negative influence on users’ emotional and social functioning. In our case, these users were students who had to learn distantly. The aim of this pilot study was to estimate use of the Internet by students and associated risks by performing the validated screening (Problematic Internet Use – PIU). The first stage was accomplished under routine full-time education; the second stage took place during the COVID-19 pandemic under the forced lockdown in the spring term 2020. Medical students who participated in this pilot study were asked to estimate how much time they spent using the Internet on their mobile devices or PC and to report risks associated with problematic Internet use, both under ordinary circumstances and under forced self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening – PRIUSS, Midwestern University, USA, both paper version and Google survey, to question the participants. Overall, 230 students took part at the first stage of the survey; one year after there were 90 students participating in the survey. The research results show it is truly vital to examine risky behavior since it can pose certain threats for young students’ health due to growing volumes and shares of information obtained from information network channels and Internet resources. In addition, we established an increasing share of risky behavior when using the Internet under restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a substantial growth in the number of students exposed to the intensive Internet use. The scores as per the subscales “social disorders” and “emotional disorders” grew by 2.7 and 2.1 times accordingly. The score describing risky/impulsive Internet use went up from 7.8 to 16.3. All the differences were statistically significant (р < 0.001).","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47152121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.15
A. M. Kaneva, E. Bojko
The obesity epidemic is a global concern nowadays since obesity is a major risk factor that can cause many serious diseases. A high risk of developing diseases in an obese person primarily occurs due to metabolic disorders. As a rule, dyslipidemia acts as an early sign of metabolic disorders in case of obesity. Our research goal was to compare informative value of body mass index (BMI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) for assessing atherogenic risks in lipid profile. Two thousand and four hundred people aged 20–60 years took part in our study. We determined participants’ anthropometric and clinical indicators and estimated lipid levels in blood serum. As expected, LAP values had a strong correlation with BMI values. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for LAP and BMI values amounted to 0.73 (< 0.001) in men (n = 1168) and 0.77 (< 0.001) in women (n = 1232). However, when we estimated agreement between these two indicators using Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, we established that this agreement between LAP and BMI values was rather low (0.35 for men and 0.39 for women). Having compared samplings with quartiles that differed as per LAP and BMI values, we detected that lipid profiles tended to be more atherogenic in people with LAP values being higher than BMI values. Given this established discordance in the quartiles, higher LAP values are associated with atherogenicity of lipid profile to a greater extent than values of BMI, the conventional obesity indicator. Using solely BMI to diagnose obesity may result in underestimating metabolic disorders in the body. To assess obesity and metabolic health correctly, it is advisable to determine LAP value together with traditional obesity indexes.
{"title":"Informative value of two obesity markers, body mass index (BMI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP), for assessing atherogenic risks in lipid profile: comparative analysis","authors":"A. M. Kaneva, E. Bojko","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"The obesity epidemic is a global concern nowadays since obesity is a major risk factor that can cause many serious diseases. A high risk of developing diseases in an obese person primarily occurs due to metabolic disorders. As a rule, dyslipidemia acts as an early sign of metabolic disorders in case of obesity. Our research goal was to compare informative value of body mass index (BMI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) for assessing atherogenic risks in lipid profile. Two thousand and four hundred people aged 20–60 years took part in our study. We determined participants’ anthropometric and clinical indicators and estimated lipid levels in blood serum. As expected, LAP values had a strong correlation with BMI values. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for LAP and BMI values amounted to 0.73 (< 0.001) in men (n = 1168) and 0.77 (< 0.001) in women (n = 1232). However, when we estimated agreement between these two indicators using Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, we established that this agreement between LAP and BMI values was rather low (0.35 for men and 0.39 for women). Having compared samplings with quartiles that differed as per LAP and BMI values, we detected that lipid profiles tended to be more atherogenic in people with LAP values being higher than BMI values. Given this established discordance in the quartiles, higher LAP values are associated with atherogenicity of lipid profile to a greater extent than values of BMI, the conventional obesity indicator. Using solely BMI to diagnose obesity may result in underestimating metabolic disorders in the body. To assess obesity and metabolic health correctly, it is advisable to determine LAP value together with traditional obesity indexes.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43906650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.04
P. Shur, D. Kiryanov, М.R. Kamaltdinov, А.А. Khasanova
Extreme climatic conditions in the Far North region create health risks for people living there. Given the necessity to adapt to these conditions, it seems vital to assess health risks caused by exposure to extreme climatic factors. Such an assessment will give an opportunity to establish and quantify influence exerted by climatic factors on public health. The task was to assess risk rates for adults and children living in the Far North region in Russia. To do that, we analyzed the “exposure – effect” relationship for previously established climatic factors (atmospheric pressure and atmospheric air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed (as an index of the normal equivalent-effective temperature – NEET). Additional likelihood of incidence associated with exposure to climatic factors and occurring risk rates were calculated and then characterized based on the results of the analysis using mathematical modeling techniques. As a result, we identified parameters of a cause-effect relation between average monthly NEET, daily pressure drops and incidence among population living in the Far North. We established unacceptable health risks for adults caused by diseases of the circulatory system that were associated with effects produced by NEET and atmospheric pressure, diseases of the respiratory system, injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes associated with effects produced by NEET. We also established unacceptable health risks for children caused by diseases of the respiratory system, injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes associated with effects produced by NEET. The results produced by this study can provide a guideline for developing activities aimed at facilitating adaptation to the existing climatic conditions in order to preserve public health.
{"title":"Assessing health risks caused by exposure to climatic factors for people living in the far north","authors":"P. Shur, D. Kiryanov, М.R. Kamaltdinov, А.А. Khasanova","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme climatic conditions in the Far North region create health risks for people living there. Given the necessity to adapt to these conditions, it seems vital to assess health risks caused by exposure to extreme climatic factors. Such an assessment will give an opportunity to establish and quantify influence exerted by climatic factors on public health. The task was to assess risk rates for adults and children living in the Far North region in Russia. To do that, we analyzed the “exposure – effect” relationship for previously established climatic factors (atmospheric pressure and atmospheric air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed (as an index of the normal equivalent-effective temperature – NEET). Additional likelihood of incidence associated with exposure to climatic factors and occurring risk rates were calculated and then characterized based on the results of the analysis using mathematical modeling techniques. As a result, we identified parameters of a cause-effect relation between average monthly NEET, daily pressure drops and incidence among population living in the Far North. We established unacceptable health risks for adults caused by diseases of the circulatory system that were associated with effects produced by NEET and atmospheric pressure, diseases of the respiratory system, injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes associated with effects produced by NEET. We also established unacceptable health risks for children caused by diseases of the respiratory system, injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes associated with effects produced by NEET. The results produced by this study can provide a guideline for developing activities aimed at facilitating adaptation to the existing climatic conditions in order to preserve public health.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43663983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.14
Yuliya Shmatova, I. Razvarina, А.N. Gordievskaya
The work presents the results of the 26-year monitoring with its focus on children’s health. Pre-school children living in the Vologda region were selected as a research object. The aim was to assess health risks for children caused by certain maternal factors and conditions. The study was accomplished as an intra-cohort analysis of data on 1454 children from five cohorts (born in 1998, 2001, 2004, 2014 and 2020) by calculating a relative risk rate. Negative effects produced by sociodemographic, socioeconomic and environmental conditions as well as maternal harmful occupational factors during pregnancy are significant health risk factors for a child. It is true not only for the neonatal period but also during pre-school years. Such health-related factors as stillbirths in case history, complications of a present pregnancy (up-to-date reproductive technologies being applied to achieve it, eclampsia, multiple pregnancy, dangerous fetus position, prematurity, postmaturity, anemia, edemas, protein in urine) and birth (rapid labor, use of vacuum extraction) do the most severe damage to a child’s health at birth and their influence persists as a child grows. Other significant risk factors that influence children’s health in their pre-school years include diseases of the genitourinary and endocrine systems diagnosed in a mother prior to pregnancy; a mother being single; low incomes; electromagnetic radiation at a place where a family lives; harmful working conditions at a mother’s workplace (gases in workplace air, work on a conveyor belt, radiation exposure). A mother’s young age is also a health risk factor for a fetus during the prenatal period but its influence reduces as a child grows. In contrast, if a mother is older than 40, this factor protects a child’s health during pregnancy but increases likelihood of retarded neuropsychic development by the school age (due to a mother’s low health potential). Overwhelming majority of health risk factors we detected in this study are quite manageable. Our results can be used in creating programs aimed at preserving health of a mother and a child at any level, from individual to national one.
{"title":"Maternal risk factors for a child’s health prior to and during pregnancy (results of long-term cohort monitoring in Vologda region)","authors":"Yuliya Shmatova, I. Razvarina, А.N. Gordievskaya","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents the results of the 26-year monitoring with its focus on children’s health. Pre-school children living in the Vologda region were selected as a research object. The aim was to assess health risks for children caused by certain maternal factors and conditions. The study was accomplished as an intra-cohort analysis of data on 1454 children from five cohorts (born in 1998, 2001, 2004, 2014 and 2020) by calculating a relative risk rate. Negative effects produced by sociodemographic, socioeconomic and environmental conditions as well as maternal harmful occupational factors during pregnancy are significant health risk factors for a child. It is true not only for the neonatal period but also during pre-school years. Such health-related factors as stillbirths in case history, complications of a present pregnancy (up-to-date reproductive technologies being applied to achieve it, eclampsia, multiple pregnancy, dangerous fetus position, prematurity, postmaturity, anemia, edemas, protein in urine) and birth (rapid labor, use of vacuum extraction) do the most severe damage to a child’s health at birth and their influence persists as a child grows. Other significant risk factors that influence children’s health in their pre-school years include diseases of the genitourinary and endocrine systems diagnosed in a mother prior to pregnancy; a mother being single; low incomes; electromagnetic radiation at a place where a family lives; harmful working conditions at a mother’s workplace (gases in workplace air, work on a conveyor belt, radiation exposure). A mother’s young age is also a health risk factor for a fetus during the prenatal period but its influence reduces as a child grows. In contrast, if a mother is older than 40, this factor protects a child’s health during pregnancy but increases likelihood of retarded neuropsychic development by the school age (due to a mother’s low health potential). Overwhelming majority of health risk factors we detected in this study are quite manageable. Our results can be used in creating programs aimed at preserving health of a mother and a child at any level, from individual to national one.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42386969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.17
D. Shaikhova, A. Amromina, I.A. Bereza, A. Shastin, V. Gazimova, M. Sutunkova, V. Gurvich
Heavy metal ions are known to induce generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in adaptation and response to oxidative stress. GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes have numerous described polymorphisms, the most significant being GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val deletion ones. Our objective was to study the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 genes and blood levels of metals in smelter operators engaged in crude lead refining. We examined 55 male lead-refining furnace operators working at a non-ferrous metal alloy plant. Blood metal concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms were determined using real-time SYBR Green qPCR and that of GSTP1 Ile105Val – using a commercial SNP Screening Kit. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Mann – Whitney U-test. Blood levels of industry-specific metals were not statistically different between the workers with GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes. We established, however, that men with the null genotype of GSTM1 had significantly higher blood arsenic levels. Our findings indicate that a high blood arsenic level associated with occupational exposure may be attributed to the GSTM1 null genotype. This observation can be used to identify the most vulnerable groups of individuals at risk of overexposure to arsenic.
已知重金属离子可诱导大量活性氧(ROS)的产生。谷胱甘肽s -转移酶(GSTs)在氧化应激的适应和应答中起着重要作用。GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因有许多已描述的多态性，最显著的是GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1 Ile105Val缺失基因。我们的目的是研究GSTM1、GSTT1、GSTP1基因的遗传多态性与从事粗铅精炼的冶炼厂操作人员血液中金属含量的关系。我们调查了55名在有色金属合金厂工作的男性炼铅炉操作员。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定血金属浓度。使用实时SYBR Green qPCR检测GSTM1和GSTT1缺失多态性，使用商用SNP筛选试剂盒检测GSTP1 Ile105Val -缺失多态性。统计数据处理采用Mann - Whitney u检验。GSTT1和GSTP1基因型工人血液中行业特异性金属含量无统计学差异。然而，我们证实，GSTM1基因型为零的男性血砷水平明显较高。我们的研究结果表明，与职业暴露相关的高血砷水平可能归因于GSTM1零基因型。这一观察结果可用于确定有过量接触砷风险的最脆弱人群。
{"title":"Effects of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes on blood metal levels in non-ferrous metal alloy smelter operators","authors":"D. Shaikhova, A. Amromina, I.A. Bereza, A. Shastin, V. Gazimova, M. Sutunkova, V. Gurvich","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal ions are known to induce generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in adaptation and response to oxidative stress. GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes have numerous described polymorphisms, the most significant being GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val deletion ones. Our objective was to study the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 genes and blood levels of metals in smelter operators engaged in crude lead refining. We examined 55 male lead-refining furnace operators working at a non-ferrous metal alloy plant. Blood metal concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms were determined using real-time SYBR Green qPCR and that of GSTP1 Ile105Val – using a commercial SNP Screening Kit. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Mann – Whitney U-test. Blood levels of industry-specific metals were not statistically different between the workers with GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes. We established, however, that men with the null genotype of GSTM1 had significantly higher blood arsenic levels. Our findings indicate that a high blood arsenic level associated with occupational exposure may be attributed to the GSTM1 null genotype. This observation can be used to identify the most vulnerable groups of individuals at risk of overexposure to arsenic.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41844305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.13
O. Gaisenok
Aim of the study: to assess the relationship between Lp(a) serum levels grading and carotid artery stenosis (CAS). The Duplex Registry database was used for this study. CAS was verified by duplex scanning in the presence of an atherosclerotic plaque (AP), stenosing the lumen of the carotid artery (CA) by 20 % or more. Patients who underwent a blood test for Lp(a) and the results were entered into the registry database were selected for this study. The immunoturbidimetric method was used to determine the serum level of Lp(a) (mg/dl). Data from 51 patients (66.6 % men) were included in the final analysis: median age 49.0 [46.0; 59], total cholesterol (TC) 5.93 [5.13; 6.56], Lp(a) 26.5 [14.2; 76.0]. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed the presence of significant relationships (p < 0.05) between Lp(a) and age (r = 0.3), gender (r = 0.3), the presence of AP in the right ICA (r = 0.5), HDL (r = 0.3). OR and 95 % CI were calculated to determine the effect of Lp(a) grades on the probability of CAS detection: Lp(a) < 30 mg/dl OR 0.36 [0.11; 1.14] p = 0.04; Lp(a) > 30 mg/dl OR 1.42 [0.44; 4.58] p = 0.27. The prevalence of CAS in the group with Lp(a) level < 30 mg/dl was 33.3 %, 30–50 mg/dl – 50 %, 50–100 mg/dl – 40 %, > 100 mg/dl – 37.5 %. The model of multiple regression analysis for Lp(a) with TC in relation to the right ICA stenosis predicting showed R = 0.51, F = 8.4, p = 0.0007. The statistics of 3M model of the logistic regression function for CAS predicting based on the Lp(a) and TC data showed: -2 • log(likelihood) = 57.16, Chi-square = 8.17 (cc = 2), p = 0.016. The present study confirmed the relationship between the Lp(a) level and the CAS detection and the presence of an additive effect of total cholesterol on this. The reference role of Lp(a) gradation at the level of 30 mg/dl was determined as significant in relation to predicting CAS detection.
研究目的：探讨血清Lp（a）水平分级与颈动脉狭窄（CAS）的关系。Duplex注册表数据库用于本研究。在存在动脉粥样硬化斑块（AP）的情况下，通过双扫描验证CAS，颈动脉（CA）管腔狭窄20%或更多。选择接受Lp（a）血液测试并将结果输入注册数据库的患者进行本研究。采用免疫比浊法测定血清Lp（a）（mg/dl）。来自51名患者（66.6%男性）的数据被纳入最终分析：中位年龄49.0[46.0；59]，总胆固醇（TC）5.93[5.13；6.56]，Lp（a）26.5[14.2；76.0]。Spearman秩相关分析显示Lp（a）与年龄（r=0.3）、性别（r=0.3%）、右ICA中AP的存在（r=0.5）之间存在显著关系（p<0.05），计算OR和95%CI以确定Lp（a）等级对CAS检测概率的影响：Lp（a）<30 mg/dl OR 0.36[0.11；1.14]p=0.04；Lp（a）>30 mg/dl或1.42[0.44；4.58]p=0.27。Lp（a）水平<30 mg/dl组的CAS患病率分别为33.3%、30-50 mg/dl–50%、50-100 mg/dl–40%和>100 mg/dl-37.5%。Lp（a）与TC与右ICA狭窄预测的多元回归分析模型显示，R=0.51，F=8.4，p=0.0007。基于Lp（a）和TC数据预测CAS的逻辑回归函数3M模型的统计结果显示：-2•log（似然）=57.16，Chi-square=8.17（cc=2），p=0.016。本研究证实了Lp（a）水平与CAS检测之间的关系，以及总胆固醇对此的加性效应。Lp（a）分级在30mg/dl水平下的参考作用被确定为与预测CAS检测相关的显著作用。
{"title":"Forecasting risk analysis of detection for carotid artery stenosis based on serum levels grading of lipoprotein (a)","authors":"O. Gaisenok","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: to assess the relationship between Lp(a) serum levels grading and carotid artery stenosis (CAS). The Duplex Registry database was used for this study. CAS was verified by duplex scanning in the presence of an atherosclerotic plaque (AP), stenosing the lumen of the carotid artery (CA) by 20 % or more. Patients who underwent a blood test for Lp(a) and the results were entered into the registry database were selected for this study. The immunoturbidimetric method was used to determine the serum level of Lp(a) (mg/dl). Data from 51 patients (66.6 % men) were included in the final analysis: median age 49.0 [46.0; 59], total cholesterol (TC) 5.93 [5.13; 6.56], Lp(a) 26.5 [14.2; 76.0]. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed the presence of significant relationships (p < 0.05) between Lp(a) and age (r = 0.3), gender (r = 0.3), the presence of AP in the right ICA (r = 0.5), HDL (r = 0.3). OR and 95 % CI were calculated to determine the effect of Lp(a) grades on the probability of CAS detection: Lp(a) < 30 mg/dl OR 0.36 [0.11; 1.14] p = 0.04; Lp(a) > 30 mg/dl OR 1.42 [0.44; 4.58] p = 0.27. The prevalence of CAS in the group with Lp(a) level < 30 mg/dl was 33.3 %, 30–50 mg/dl – 50 %, 50–100 mg/dl – 40 %, > 100 mg/dl – 37.5 %. The model of multiple regression analysis for Lp(a) with TC in relation to the right ICA stenosis predicting showed R = 0.51, F = 8.4, p = 0.0007. The statistics of 3M model of the logistic regression function for CAS predicting based on the Lp(a) and TC data showed: -2 • log(likelihood) = 57.16, Chi-square = 8.17 (cc = 2), p = 0.016. The present study confirmed the relationship between the Lp(a) level and the CAS detection and the presence of an additive effect of total cholesterol on this. The reference role of Lp(a) gradation at the level of 30 mg/dl was determined as significant in relation to predicting CAS detection.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49285697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.10
А.А. Filippova, А.P. Faenko, S. Golosova, I. Ivanova, Е.А. Klyueva, Yaroslav N. Glazov, D.S. Malysheva, М.А. Kasatkin
Screening technologies aimed at identifying such transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) as hepatitis B and C, HIV-1,2 and syphilis have been developing and this has resulted in increased safety of applied hemotherapy. Our research goal was to analyze detection of infectious markers in donors of the FMBA Blood Center over five years. We examined 167,389 samples of donor blood taken from 53,093 donors of blood and its components by the FMBA Blood Center over the period from 2015 to 2019. Over the whole analyzed period, we detected 1453 infectious-positive samples taken from 1235 donors. Average long-term quantity of detected hepatitis C markers equaled 78.6 ± 9.4; hepatitis B, 49.8 ± 8.2; syphilis, 66.2 ± 16.8; HIV, 52.8 ± 13.2. We also analyzed detected of TTI markers in long-term dynamics and established an ascending trend in a number of syphilis markers (the growth rate was 3.2), hepatitis B (the growth rate was 2.5), and a descending trend in hepatitis C markers (the decrease rate was 3.3) as well as HIV markers (the decrease rate was 1.7). This decrease rate in detection of HIV markers (fall by 1.7) occurred both among first-time and regular donors. At the same time, we revealed growing detection of syphilis markers both among first-time donors where it grew by 3.6 and among regular ones, by 1.4. Frequency of infection markers was higher among first-time donors than among regular ones as per syphilis markers, 2.351 (95 % CI: 1.862–2.938), p < 0.00001; hepatitis B markers, 2.111 (95 % CI: 1.622–2.763), p < 0.00001; hepatitis C markers, 2.107 (95 % CI: 1.708–2.609), p < 0.00001; and HIV, 2.471 (95 % CI: 1.9–3.238), p < 0.00001. Over the last 5 years, there was a descending trend in detection of transfusion transmissible infections among donors regarding HIV and viral hepatitis C excluding tests aimed at detecting syphilis and viral hepatitis B markers.
{"title":"Five-year experience in providing infectious safety of donor blood and its components gained by the blood center of the RT Federal medical-biological agency","authors":"А.А. Filippova, А.P. Faenko, S. Golosova, I. Ivanova, Е.А. Klyueva, Yaroslav N. Glazov, D.S. Malysheva, М.А. Kasatkin","doi":"10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2022.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Screening technologies aimed at identifying such transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) as hepatitis B and C, HIV-1,2 and syphilis have been developing and this has resulted in increased safety of applied hemotherapy. Our research goal was to analyze detection of infectious markers in donors of the FMBA Blood Center over five years. We examined 167,389 samples of donor blood taken from 53,093 donors of blood and its components by the FMBA Blood Center over the period from 2015 to 2019. Over the whole analyzed period, we detected 1453 infectious-positive samples taken from 1235 donors. Average long-term quantity of detected hepatitis C markers equaled 78.6 ± 9.4; hepatitis B, 49.8 ± 8.2; syphilis, 66.2 ± 16.8; HIV, 52.8 ± 13.2. We also analyzed detected of TTI markers in long-term dynamics and established an ascending trend in a number of syphilis markers (the growth rate was 3.2), hepatitis B (the growth rate was 2.5), and a descending trend in hepatitis C markers (the decrease rate was 3.3) as well as HIV markers (the decrease rate was 1.7). This decrease rate in detection of HIV markers (fall by 1.7) occurred both among first-time and regular donors. At the same time, we revealed growing detection of syphilis markers both among first-time donors where it grew by 3.6 and among regular ones, by 1.4. Frequency of infection markers was higher among first-time donors than among regular ones as per syphilis markers, 2.351 (95 % CI: 1.862–2.938), p < 0.00001; hepatitis B markers, 2.111 (95 % CI: 1.622–2.763), p < 0.00001; hepatitis C markers, 2.107 (95 % CI: 1.708–2.609), p < 0.00001; and HIV, 2.471 (95 % CI: 1.9–3.238), p < 0.00001. Over the last 5 years, there was a descending trend in detection of transfusion transmissible infections among donors regarding HIV and viral hepatitis C excluding tests aimed at detecting syphilis and viral hepatitis B markers.","PeriodicalId":12945,"journal":{"name":"Health Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49324026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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